Shark - wokhala m'madzi owopsa kwambiri m'madzi yemwe amatha kuvulaza moyo wa munthu. Nyamayi imakhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi m'nyanja. Mutha kukumana ndi oimira ma vertebrates pafupifupi m'madzi amchere amchere a Dziko Lapansi, koma pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba kotero kuti sizimapweteka kuti mudziwane ndi oyimilira owala a banja ili.

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Shark: kufotokoza ndi chithunzi. Kodi shaki imawoneka bwanji?

Pali mitundu yoposa 500 ya asodzi. Gulu limadziwika ndi zazikulu, mawonekedwe ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, shaki yaying'ono kwambiri yakuzama kwambiri panyanja imadziwika kuti yaying'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwa 17 cm. Imodzi mwa yayikulu kwambiri ndi nangumi (mpaka 20 m kutalika). Zomwezo zimapita kulemera - kuchokera ku magalamu 200 mpaka makumi angapo a matani.

Mosiyana ndi nsomba zamafupa, mafupa amapangidwa ndi cartilage. Komabe, adapatsidwa mtundu wokwanira wokhwima. Mafupa ake amaphatikizapo maofesi anayi:

• msana (mafupa a axial),
• zipsepse zosapsa,
• miyendo yolumikizidwa (zipsepse zamkati ndi zotulutsa),
• chigaza.

Shark anatomy

Kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa nsomba kumakhala kuperekedwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Nsombazo zimachita ngati mayendedwe owoneka ngati mafunde mothandizidwa ndi thupi, mchira ndi zipsepse. Cholembera mchira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo masamba awiri, chimagwira ngati "injini" yayikulu kwambiri ya shaki, komanso imathandizira kukhazikitsa komwe ikuyenda. Zipsepse zomwe zimakhala kumbali zimakulolani kuti muwonjezere kuthamanga ndikuyenda bwino.

Shark Mchira Wotsiriza

Mtundu uliwonse wamkaka umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mchira. Mwachitsanzo, shaki yoyera imayenda mwachangu kwambiri, motero ma lobini achitsulo amakhala ofanana. Mitundu ina, lobe yapamwamba imakhala yayikulu kuposa yapansi.

Thupi la asodzi limakutidwa ndi mamba olimba kwambiri. Chikuto chilichonse chimakhala ngati chidutswa chooneka ngati diamondi ndipo chimakhala chofowoka kumapeto kwake. Mamba osaka amatchedwa mano a khungu, chifukwa amafanana ndi mano malinga ndi nyonga komanso kapangidwe. Mulingo wokwanira limodzi. Chifukwa cha izi, poyang'ana koyamba zikuwoneka kuti khungu limakhala losalala komanso. Koma ngati muigwira ndi dzanja lanu mbali ina, kuyambira mchira mpaka mutu, mphamvu yake imadzayamba kuonekera - khungu limakhala ngati lamba.

Shark khungu pansi pa maikulosikopu

Minofu ya shark imayimiridwa ndi magulu angapo a minofu:

• zaubwenzi
• somatic (ofiira ndi oyera, omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka thupi),
• visceral (minofu m'matumbo ndi ziwalo zamkati).

Thupi la shaki ndilosavuta mokwanira, ndipo metabolism imachedwa. Chifukwa cha izi, sangathe kuyeserera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika, kuchuluka kwa lactic acid kumadziunjikira m'thupi, komwe kumatha kusokoneza njira zamkati.

Shaki amapuma mpweya kuchokera kumadzi kudzera m'matumba. Udindo wa kupuma mkati mwa iwo umachitidwa ndi gill slits. Amapezeka kutsogolo kwa zipsepse zamakutu. Chiwerengero cha magawo amatengera mtundu wa shark - kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 7 awiri.

Shark gill wagunda

Chifukwa cha ntchito ya mtima, magazi ochokera kwa akhaki amayenda nawo kudzera m'mitsempha yamagalamu. Pamenepo, magaziwo amadzaza ndi mpweya ndipo amatumizidwa ku ziwalo. Komabe, kupatsa thupi lonse mpweya wokwanira, kuthamanga kwa magazi sikokwanira. Chifukwa chake, shaki imakhala ikuyenda mosalekeza - kupindika kwa minofu kumawonjezera kutuluka kwa magazi.

Nsomba zamfupa zimakhala ndi buluni yosambira yodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Sichikhala mu shaki, chifukwa chake buoyancy imadziwika ndi chiwindi chachikulu, komanso mafupa ndi zipsepse. Ndipo shaki zamchenga zimatsata chikhodzodzo, ndikudzaza m'mimba ndi mpweya.

Akatswiri ambiri amakhala ndi magazi ozizira kupatula mitundu 8. Mwa zoyera, zabuluu ndi shaki zina, ziwalo za thupi zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa chilengedwe. Izi zimawathandiza kuyenda mwachangu m'madzi ozizira.Minofu yogwira ntchito imawonjezera kutentha.

Mimba ya shark ndiyowumbidwa ndi U ndipo imatha kutambasulidwa mosavuta. Chiwindi chimakhala pafupifupi 30% ya kuchuluka kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza pa kutenga nawo gawo pazochita zofunikira, zimatithandizira ngati chosungira, chomwe chili ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso malo osungira mphamvu.

Shaki kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono imadya zinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mutatha kudya, chifukwa chake imatha kufa ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, shaki yolemera makilogalamu 150 pachaka imafunikira pafupifupi 80-90 kg ya nsomba. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nsomba zimafunikira kuchotsa m'mimba pazakudya. Kuti achite izi, amapotoza pakamwa, osawonongeratu mano.

Kwa shaki, dongosolo lalikulu lamalingaliro ndi malingaliro opangidwa bwino. Amasiyanitsa fungo labwino podutsa madzi kudzera m'mphuno kupita kuma receptor.

Masomphenya mu mitundu ina ya nsomba amadziwika ndi kuwuma kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kusiyanitsa zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mitundu ina. Kuzungulira kwa mawonekedwe ndi mafelemu 45 motsatana. M'mitundu ina, maimidwe amalephera, mwa ena sizitero. Kuteteza maso kuti asawonongeke, asodzi a mtundu wachiwiri amawagubuduza nthawi yaukambowu.

Maso ndi mphuno za Shark

Chiwalo chomva ndi khutu lamkati, lomwe limakhala mkati mwa kapangidwe ka cartilage. Nsomba zotsogola zimatha kugwira phokoso lotsika, ma infrasound. Khutu limathandizanso kuti lizikhala bwino.

Shaki ali ndi chiwalo chogwira mtima - chingwe cham'mbali chomwe chimayenda mkati mwa khungu m'mbali mwa thupi. Zimayankha pakusintha kwamadzi ndipo zimaloleza nsomba kuyenda mumlengalenga, kusaka ndi kuchita ntchito zina zofunika.

Shark Sidline

Kodi shaki ili ndi mano angati?

Kapangidwe, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mano ake zimatengera moyo womwe shaki imatsogolera, zomwe amadya. Mino ndiye chida chachikulu cha nyama zomwe zimadyedwa ndipo kukula kwawo kumapitilira nyengo yonse ya nsomba. Ichi sichinthu chokha kuposa sikelo yosintha yosinthika yophimba khungu.

Asodzi ambiri amatulutsa mano m'mizere ingapo - kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 pa nsagwada zonse ziwiri. Mzere uliwonse umaphatikizapo mano 30. Chifukwa chake, wamkulu amatha kukhala ndi mano a 200-15000. Nthawi yomweyo, alibe mizu, kotero kuti mano amasintha nthawi zambiri komanso mopanda chidwi kwa mdaniyo.

Mano achizungu

Zakudyazo zimakhudza kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mano. Asodzi amphaka ambiri ali ndi mano akuthwa opindika (pafupifupi 5 cm). Ngati nsomba zimadya chakudya chopukutira, zimafunikira mano okuerera. Ogwira nsomba zazikulu amakhala ndi mano akulu komanso otchinga. Nsomba zodya Plankton zimakhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono - 3-5 mm okha.

Chiwerengero cha mano amitundu isanu:

• yoyera ndi yopindika - mizere 5-6, mpaka 300,
• osokonekera - mizere 5-7, mpaka 500,
• shaki wamkati - mzere 15-17, mpaka 700,
• miyala yamchenga - mizere 42-28, mpaka 1300,
• chimphona - mizere 6-10, mpaka 2000,
• chinsomba - 18-20 mizere, mpaka 15000.

Whale Shark Maw

Nsomba kapena nyama?

Mawu oti "nyama" amatanthauza kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe ang'ono ndi mkaka. Shaki sizimachita izi, chifukwa chake zimagawidwa ngati nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, amapumira kudzera m'matumba.

Akatswiri ambiri okulirapo amapeza nyama zazikuluzikulu za m'madzi, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya anamgumi. Komabe, izi sizipereka chifukwa chowagawa m'gululi.

Kuyerekeza kukula kwa nsomba ndi zoyera

Maonekedwe amtundu wina wa shaki amathanso kukhala olakwika. Mwachitsanzo, shark wofanana ndi shaki ndi wofanana ndi eel, shaki yojambulira amakhala pansi, ndipo shaki yokhala ndi nyundo imadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe a mutu wake.

Zochita ndi moyo

Amakhulupirira kuti asodzi amakonda kukhala moyo wodzipatula osati kukhala woweta. Komabe, nthawi ndi nthawi amatha kuonedwa m'magulu, komanso ochulukirapo. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi malo omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Shaki amakhalanso m'magulu nthawi ya kubereka.

Mitundu ina ya a shaki safuna kusintha malo omwe amakhala. Ena amasamukira, kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita masauzande. Njira yosinthira nsomba imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuposa mbalame. Palinso dongosolo lazoyang'anira pakati pa shaki, malinga ndi momwe mitundu ina imvera ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale ali ndi kukula komweko, shaki ya silika imvera.

Asodzi samawombera nthawi yomweyo akangowona mdani. Amayankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe. Ngati chinthu chosafunikira chikuyandikira, wolusa atha kupereka chizindikiro chowopsa, ndikuyamba kusuntha zipsepse zake kwambiri.

Gulu la asodzi akhungu

Kuthamanga kwapakati kwa asodzi kuli pafupifupi 8 km / h. Ngati ndi kotheka, chiwerengerochi chitha kukwera mpaka 19 km / h. Mitundu ina (shaki yoyera, etc.) imapanga ma jerks othamanga kwambiri pafupifupi 50 km / h. Mphamvuzi zimabadwa mwa iwo chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kwatchulidwa kale kwa kutentha.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano, asodzi amatha kuwonetsa kusewera, chidwi, chidwi mwachangu komanso zizindikiro zina zanzeru. Nthawi zambiri amathetsa zovuta pamagulu.

Kodi asodzi amagona bwanji?

Kwa nthawi yayitali, ankakhulupirira kuti asodzi sangathe kugona, chifukwa amafunika kusuntha nthawi zonse kuti apeze mpweya wabwino. Komabe, akatswiri amati mitundu ina ya asodzi (pansi) imatha kupumula kwakanthawi.

Pogona pansi pa shaki, samatseka maso awo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphuno zawo. Komabe, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mate. Mitundu ina imatha kugona ikuyenda, chifukwa chingwe cha msana ndicho chimayendetsa mayendedwe awo. Lingaliro linanso ndilo kutembenukira kumbali yazitsulo.

Shaki amathanso "kupumula" m'mapanga apansi pamadzi, pomwe pali mphamvu yolimba. Ndizodabwitsa kuti anthu a mtundu wa scuba adapeza shaki za ku Caribbean mu imodzi mwa mapanga awa. Adawoneka atagona ngakhale kuti mtunduwu ndi amodzi mwa omwe akusambira.

Kodi asodzi amamwa bwanji?

Kunena zowona, nsomba zamtunduwu sizimayenera kumwa madzi mokhazikika mawu. Pokhala mumadzi amchere, amamwetsa nthawi zonse, ndipo kudzera m'makoma am'mimba gawo latsopanolo limalowa m'magazi ndikufalikira mthupi lonse.

Nthawi yomweyo, madzi mthupi la shaki amakhala ndi mchere wochepa kuposa madzi omwe amakhala m'malo. Pali thupi lomwe limatchedwa osmotic anzanu - madzi amchere amocheperako amadzazidwa amadzimadziwo. Amalumikizana kudzera pakhungu la nsomba. Chifukwa chake, thupi la asodzi limachotsa mchere wambiri.

Ndi nsomba zingati zomwe zimakhala?

Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa asodzi ambiri ili pafupifupi zaka 30. Komabe, pali mitundu-mia. Izi zikuphatikiza nsombazo, zokhala ngati zinsomba, zokhala ngati shaki zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zana. Kungoti shaki yaku Greenland polar imadziwika kuti imachita masewera olimbitsa thupi motenga nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, zaka za m'modzi waiwo zitha kuwerekezedwa ndi asayansi pazaka 392 zolakwika za zaka zana. Pafupifupi, mitunduyi imapulumuka mpaka zaka 272.

Kutalika kwa moyo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mano a shaki, chifukwa ngati mdani ataya chida chake chachikulu, sangathe kudyetsa.

Kodi shaki zimakhala kuti?

Shaki ndizofala m'madzi am'nyanja. Chifukwa chake, amakhala munyanja zonse, nyanja. Nsomba za Cartilaginous zimakonda madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, madera amathanthwe, malo okhala ndi madzi komanso malo oyandikira.

Mitundu ina ya a shaki imamva bwino mchere komanso madzi abwino. Chifukwa chake, amatha kusambira m'mitsinje. Mitundu yotere imakhala yofanana ndi yolaza, yodziyera imvi komanso ina. Pafupifupi, nyama zolusa zimakonda kuzama pafupifupi 2000 m, ndipo nthawi zina zimasambira 3000 m kuya.

Malo okhala shaki zoyera

Shaki za Nyanja Yakuda

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hydrogen sulfide m'madzi a Nyanja Yakuda, asodzi osiyanasiyana omwe sangathe kulekerera ndi ochepa. Pali mitundu iwiri - katran ndi amphaka amphaka. Awa ndi anthu ochepa omwe samayambitsa ngozi kwa anthu. Chokhacho ndikuti thupi la katran limakhala ndi minga, kulumikizana nalo komwe kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

Nthawi zambiri nsomba zamtunduwu zimasambira m'madzi aNyanja Yakuda. Mwachitsanzo, shaki yoyera yayikulu imatha kusambira kwakanthawi kum'mwera kwa Crimea ndi madera akumadzulo kwa Krasnodar Territory.

Kodi shaki amadya chiyani?

Zakudya za asodzi zimatengera mitundu yodziwika, komanso malo okhala. Mwambiri, imatha kutchedwa yosiyanasiyana. Oimira ambiri ndi carnivores. Mitundu ina siikhala yozindikira, motero, imadyetsa chilichonse chomwe chimabwera mwanjira yawo (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa shark). Gawo lalikulu la zakudya ndi nsomba, plankton, nyama zazing'ono, crustaceans.

Shaki amatumphuka m'madzi

Chifukwa chake, nsomba zazikazi zomwe zimakhala pansi zimadyera nkhanu, azungu ena. Kuti muchite izi, ali ndi mano omwe amatha kuluma pogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo. Blue shark, mako, llama amasaka nsomba zam'nyanja m'mene akuyenda. Shaki yoyera imakonda nsomba zazikulu komanso zinyama. Anangumi, asodzi akuluakulu, ngakhale amakhala ndi chidwi, amadya matabwa.

Adani achilengedwe achiwewe

Ndizachilendo kuti asodzi akuwonetsa machitidwe achibadwa kuyambira pakubadwa. Kwa iwo, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumayambira pomwe abadwa. Zitsamba zobadwa kale kuposa ena zimachotsa abale ndi alongo awo. Mitundu ikuluikulu imagwiranso nsomba zazikuluzikulu zomwe zabadwa kumene.

Adani achilengedwe achiwewe:

• marlin,
• nsomba zodziwika
• ma dolphin, anamgumi wopha,
• ng’ona yoyeserera (madzi oyera).

Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe

Oimira banja lachi marlin amatha kuukira shaki, atanyamula "mkondo" wawo wamtali komanso wamphamvu. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito ngati nsomba, yomwe, ikagwidwa ndi shaki, imabaya mphuno yayitali ya mapiko ake.

Ma dolphin ndi anamgumi opha ndi omwe amakonda kupikisana ndi nsomba zazinkhanira pankhani ya chakudya, popeza nsomba zakale zimadyanso, zomwe zimayamwa - zazikuluzikulu. Ndipo uwu ndiye maziko azakudya za omwe amadyera nsomba shaki. Kuphatikiza apo, asodzi amadwala mabakiteriya komanso majeremusi osiyanasiyana.

Kuswana kwashaki

Shaki amadziwika ndi umuna wamkati. Nthawi yomweyo, kutengera mtundu, atha kukhala:

• viviparous
• ovoviviparous,
• oviparous.

Shaki ali ndi kutha msambo - pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka 10. Shaki ya whale imatha kubereka zaka 30 mpaka 40 zokha. Nthawi ya makulidwe imasiyananso kwambiri - kuchokera kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Nsomba yomwe imaswana modutsa mazira awiri 2-12. Poterepa, mazira adakutidwa ndi zipolopolo zingapo. Kuphatikiza kunja ngati nyanga. Amateteza ana kwa adani. Ng'ombe zimayamba kudzilamulira itangobadwa kumene.

Shark Egg Capsules

Mu nsomba za ovoviviparous, ana a ng'ombe amakhala mu oviduct kwakanthawi. Ndi nthawi imeneyi kuti kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe kumakhalapo ndipo kuchokera kwa ana onse kumatsalira anthu awiri amphamvu kwambiri. Kukula kwa ana ake kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake. Mbadwa za mtundu wa mbere ndi za kutalika kwa 50-76 cm, ndi zoyera ndi theka.

Mwana wa shark

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, pafupifupi 25% ya mitundu yonse ya a shaki ili pafupi kutha. Chiwerengero chonse cha nsomba chikuchepa kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

1. Kutha kwapakati pakubala - shaki zimawongoleredwa ndi mtundu wa mbewu yomwe wabala, osati kuchuluka. Chifukwa chake mwa ana onse, ochepa okha omwe ali otsalira kwambiri.
2. Kusodza kwa shaki, makamaka kosaloledwa.
3. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amadyera amadya Kuphatikiza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha zolengedwa zoyamwitsa.
4. Zonyansa zamadzi zam'nyanja. Izi ndizowona makamaka pulasitiki.

Ma kontrakitala otentha (malo oyala zinyalala ku Pacific akuwonetsedwa mofiira)

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti asodzi, makamaka amanjala, amakonda kutenga chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda. Chifukwa chake, amakopeka ndi milu ikuluikulu ya zinyalala zoyandama munyanja - amapanga kusinthasintha. Komanso, shaki ndizofuna kudziwa zambiri.

Usodzi wa shaki

Mitundu yoposa 100 ya asodzi imatha kuwedza, monganso nsomba zina zambiri. Ogwira ntchito yosodza amakonda nyama ya shark, zipse, cartilage, chiwindi ndi khungu. Usodziwo umachitika kwambiri mu Nyanja ya Atlantic, ndikutsatiridwa ndi India ndi Pacific.

Mpaka anthu 100 miliyoni amagwidwa chaka chilichonse. Zoletsa ndi zoletsa kugwira nsomba zimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, koma mphamvu yake imangokulira. Shaki sagwidwa osati monga chodziwirira chandamale, komanso mwa mwayi - pogwira nsomba zina.

Shark ndi Diver

Pali mtundu wina wa usodzi - usodzi wa nsomba shaki. M'mayiko ena ndizoletsedwa. Mwa zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa kusodza kwa shaki ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka pamagombe, kuopseza kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya nsomba.

Shaki amazunza anthu

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shaki kwa anthu olembedwa m'maiko ngati United States, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand ndi South Africa.

Komabe, palinso deta yosasankhidwa yomwe maudindo oopsa kwambiri amatsogozedwa ndi maiko aku Africa. Pafupi ndi Ghana, Tanzania, Mozambique, alubino ambiri owopsa komanso akuluakulu amakhala. Zovuta zambiri zimachitika m'madzi am'nyanja, osati munyanja.

White Shark Attack (2015)

Kuzungulira shaki ndizambiri zabodza. Amadziwika kuti ndi oopsa kwambiri omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuwukira anthu. Izi ndi zoona pang'ono. Shaki ndi zilombo zenizeni ndipo muyenera kutsatira malangizo amtundu uliwonse.

Komabe, nsomba zambiri zimasokoneza anthu molakwitsa, ndikuwasokoneza iwo ndi zomwe amachita. Mitundu yocheperako, monga zoyera, akambuku ndi shaki zina, ndizomwe zimatha kuwukira popanda chifukwa. Mwambiri, nkhawa zokhudzana ndi nsombazi zimakokedwa kwambiri.

Mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya a shark yomwe imapezeka mu ukapolo. Zokondweretsa kwambiri ndizodziwika, mitundu yosowa. Monga lamulo, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana zazikulu, mkhalidwe wankhanza. Kugwira nsomba zoterezi, komanso kunyamula ndizovuta. Ndikofunika kuti zisaziwononge.

Whale shark ku aquarium

Komanso, akatswiri zimawavuta kusamutsa munthu wina kumalo osungira nyama. Iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira komanso yolimba, ili ndi zida zonse zofunika kuti shaki ikhale yotetezeka. Chithandizo chazogwira ntchito chofunikira ndichofunikira.

Shaki: Kufotokozera

Asodzi amaimira nsomba zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nsomba zambiri zam'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amasiyana maonekedwe achilendo, omwe amawombera kuti asodzi ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati thupi, chipolopolo chamadzimadzi, komanso mutu wokhala ndi pakamwa, wokhala ndi mizere ingapo ya mano owongoka bwino. Dzinali lidabwera kwa anthu aku Russia kuchokera ku Old Icelandic "hakall", zomwe zimangotanthauza nsomba zilizonse. Mawu oti "shark" adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira zaka za zana la 18, zomwe zimatanthauzanso nsomba zilizonse.

Shaki pachikhalidwe

Shaki, monga zolengedwa zapadera komanso zosangalatsa, sizingathandize kukhala gawo la chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Osachepera, aliyense ayenera kuti adawonapo makanema aku Western momwe ogwera shaki amakhala ngati zilombo zenizeni.

Koma izi sizili kutali ndi gawo lonse la nsomba mumagulu azikhalidwe. Amatchulidwa mu Greek mythology, Japan, French Polynesia. Makamaka, kwa anthu okhala ku zilumba za Hawaii, asodzi sakhala zilombo zowopsa, koma oyang'anira panyanja omwe amateteza anthu akumaloko.

Aaborigine aku Australia amawaona ngati mphatso zachilengedwe zopangira munthu. Anthu achi China amawona ngati shaki ngati kampani, yomwe amawaona kuti ndi othandiza pantchito yazakudya ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe.

Pa chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, shaki ndi gawo lofunikira mu kanema wowopsa kapena chisangalalo chokhudza zilombo zam'nyanja. Zitsanzo zamafilimu omwe amatenga gawo la nsomba zamphawi:

• Nsagwada (1975),
• Phompho (1977),
• Nyanja Yamtambo Yaikulu (1999),
• "Sandbank" (2016) ndi ena.

Mawonekedwe

Mitundu yambiri ya amphaka imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi lopangidwa ndi torpedo komanso mutu wokuyimira. Mawonekedwe oterowo amalola wokhala m'madzi kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta komanso kuthamanga kwambiri pamzere wamadzi. Nsombazo zimayenda chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa thupi, komanso chifukwa cha ntchito za zipsepse, makamaka mchira. Ndalama ya caudal imakhalanso ngati cholowera ndipo imakhala ndi masamba awiri, m'munsi ndi kumtunda, komwe msana umalowera kumtunda.

Chifukwa cha zipsepete zam'mbali, shaki imapanga zoyendetsa, zonse molunjika komanso mu ndege yoyima. Chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa zipsezi zopakidwa, nsombayo imasungabe madzi, ngakhale chifukwa cha kupendekeka kovuta, shaki imatha kuchita zanzeru zina. Chobwerera m'mbuyo ndikuti shaki singathe kubwerera, ngakhale osafunikira.

Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Mitundu ina ya a shaki imayenda pansi pansi pa zipsepse zam'mimba ndi zokhala mkati, ngati kuti ndi mapazi awo. Shaki zowala, zomwe kutalika kwake sikupitilira mita, chifukwa cha zipsepse zamakutu, ngati kuti zimayambira m'madzi, ngati hummingbird.

Chotupa cha shark chimakhala ndi cartilage, pomwe imalimbikitsidwa ndi calcium m'malo omwe imakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake a mafupawo, shaki ili ndi kuthekera kwakukwanisika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso. Kapangidwe kake kapadera kama khungu, kamene kamakhala ndi masikelo a placoid, komwe mphamvu yake imafanana ndi mphamvu ya mano, imathandizira zilombozi kuthana ndi chilengedwe cham'madzi. Ngati mugwira dzanja lanu kulowera kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira, ndiye kuti khungu limakhala losalala, ndipo ngati mugwira molunjika kuchokera kumchira kupita kumutu, ndiye kuti liziwoneka loyipa ngati sandpaper.

Kuphatikiza apo, nduluzo zimasungidwa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimachepetsa khungu la shark kangapo, kotero kuti shaki imayenda m'mphepete mwa madzi kwambiri. Khungu la shark limatulutsanso utoto, womwe umapangitsa utoto, kutengera mtundu wa anthu okhala pamadzi. Monga lamulo, mtundu wa nsomba umadalira malo, motero umafanana ndi mtundu wa pansi pa chosungira ndi momwe zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhalira. Pafupifupi nsomba zonse, kuphatikiza shaki, zimakhala ndi utoto wanthawi inayake: kumtunda ndikuda ndipo pansi ndi kopepuka. Chifukwa chake, asodzi ali ndi chitetezo chobisalira, pamwambapa komanso pansi. Maonekedwe amtunduwu amagwira ntchito pafupifupi nsomba zonse.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri

Shaki yoyera yodziwika ndi zamtopola. Zaka zapakati pazaka pafupifupi 70. Imafika kutalika kwa 6 m kapena kuposerapo, ndipo anthu otere amalemera mpaka matani awiri. Imakhala ndi kubisala kwabwino mu mawonekedwe a khungu kumtunda kwa thupi la imvi, bulauni, masamba obiriwira. Thupi lotsika limakhala lopepuka. Ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Kugawidwa m'madzi onse am'nyanja.

Shaki yoyera

Whale shark imafika pamtunda wa 6-8 mamita. Koma mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakunja, chifukwa chake onse ang'ono ndi zimphona zazikulu mpaka 20 m amapezeka. Amadziwika kuti ndi shaki wamkulu kwambiri. Ngakhale milingo yotheka, ndiyopanda vuto kwa anthu. Kapangidwe ka nsagwada ndi mano zimapangidwa kuti zigwire chakudya chochepa cha mnyanja pamodzi ndi madzi. Mtundu wokhala ndi khungu lakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera kumbuyo ndi mbali.

Whale shark

Kukula shaki yayikulu - mpaka 15 m, kulemera - mpaka 4 matani. Imakhala yachiwiri kukula kwake. Zimadyanso pa plankton. Amatha kukhala moyo pawekha kapena kulowa pagulu. Imakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira wakuda.

Shaki yayikulu

Shark Wankulu amakula mpaka 5 m kutalika. Imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda kumtunda komanso wopepuka m'munsi. Mbali yokhala ndi pakamwa lalikulu, mpaka 1.5 m, ndi mano ang'ono. Zimadyanso zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi, zimawakopa ndi ma phosphorites.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a shaki

Nyanja ndizokulirapo motani, ndi zochuluka motani zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba momwemo, aliyense payekha ndi wapadera m'njira yake ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa asodzi, pali oimira omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita ndi 15-20 mita, omwe unyinji wawo umafika matani 30. Koma sikuti azidyera onse omwe ndi owopsa monga momwe anthu amawawonera, ena mwa iwo ndi owopsa kwa nsomba zazing'ono kapena ma mollusks.

Kapangidwe ka thupi, kapangidwe kake, komanso momwe amasaka nyama zamtundu wamtundu uliwonse ndizofanana, zodziwika monga izi:

• Mafupa a cartilaginous amapangitsa kuti shaki izikhala yamphamvu komanso yolimba, mthupi lawo mulibe mafupa, chokhacho.
• Palibe chikhodzodzo chosambira, chomwe kwa nsomba wamba ndichofunikira. Buoyancy amaperekedwa ndi chiwindi yaikulu, zipsepse ndi cartilaginous mafupa.
• Pamwamba pa thupi mulibe mamba, koma khungu lolimba komanso lolimba ndi mano ang'ono.

Shaki sasowa chikhodzodzo, ndichifukwa chake amafunika kukhala osunthika nthawi zonse

mitundu ya Nsombayi ndi viviparous, ndi gawo ang'onoang'ono a kumuwombera pa - wamba mazira (osati zimaswana monga nsomba zabwinobwino), lomwe m'tsogolo timabadwa athanzi wamng'ono, osati mwachangu.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mano m'mizere ingapo ndikukonzanso kwawo kosalekeza.

Chodzikanira - gill slits.

Nsombayi zonse ndi zabwino masomphenya, kumva, ndi limakupatsani kugwila otsika pafupipafupi infrasound, ndi fungo. Nyamayi imatha kununkhiza fungo la magazi ma kilomita angapo.

Chodabwitsachi ndicho kusapezeka kwa mano kutafuna, i.e., akakumana ndi nyama, shaki imang'amba zidutswazidutswa ndi kumeza zigawo popanda kutafuna. Pamene kusaka predatoress osauka liwiro 20-30 Km / h, ndi magazi ofunda 50 Km / h ankangokhala kayendedwe liwiro 5-8 Km paola.

Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 30, komanso pali ochita kuleza omwe moyo wawo umaposa zaka zana, makamaka whale, shaki polar kapena sand quatrains.

Mitundu ndi zosiyana

Gawo superorder nsombazo umaimiridwa ndi mayunitsi 8 ndi zikuphatikizapo mabanja 34 amene mamembala amasiyana mawonekedwe thupi, kukula ndiponso kalembedwe kusaka, ena a iwo ali otetezedwa kwambiri anthu, koma pali mitundu amene ndi bwino nthabwala.

Mndandanda wamagulu amphaka:

1. Karhariformes.
2. Raznobuboobraznye.
3. Polygillus.
4. Lamiform.
5. Pamphasa nsombazi.
6. Pyliform.
7. Katraobraznye.
8. Ploskotelye.

Mwathunthu, akatswiri a za m'madzi am'madzi amadziwa pafupifupi 400-420 mitundu ya asodzi, kuphatikizapo akale ndi omwe ali pangozi. Zotchuka komanso zofala kwambiri, pali mitundu 300.

Carcharhiniformes kapena karharidnye

Chotsekerachi ndicho chachikulu kwambiri kuposa zonse, chimakhala ndi mitundu mazana atatu ndi mabanja asanu ndi atatu. Malo omwe anthuwa amakhala ndi madera akumphepete mwa nyanja zam'malo otentha komanso ozizira kwambiri, malo okhala kwambiri pamadzi a Dziko Lapansi, komanso nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Pacific. Anthu ena taonera mbali madzi ndi pansi pa nyanja atsopano.

Oyimira ku Carcharide ndiowopsa kwa anthu. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

Great hammerhead amakhala madzi a mabacteria ndi otentha kwambiri, ndipo adawona mu Mediterranean. Kutalika kwake kumafika pa 5-6 m, kumbuyo kuli kofanana ndi chikwakwa, ndipo chopondera chili ngati nyundo ndipo pafupifupi ndiyowongoka, yomwe imadziwika ndi anthu angapo amfuko lawo. Mwachilengedwe, anthu amakhala osakwatiwa, amadya makamaka ma octopus, nkhanu, nkhanu ndi nsomba zazing'ono, anthu samadziwika kawirikawiri.

Nsomba ya shaki - Nsombayo limodzi amakula ndi kutalika mamita 6

Kambuku kapena kambawu ndi amodzi mwa nyama zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso osasunthika, osaka usiku, kumenya nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira, cuttlefish, akamba, mbalame komanso anthu. Kutalika kwa thupi ukufika mamita 4-5. Kufalikira pobadwa pompopompo, zinyalala imodzi imatha kukhala osabereka 50−80. Chiwindi, khungu ndi zipsepse zimakhala zamtengo wapatali m'makampani.

Silky nsombazi (Florida kapena shirokorotaya) -. Ambiri anayala malire a alumali chokhala ndi mu kotentha pa akuya 50 mamita ali streamlined thupi Species kuti mamita 2.5 yaitali ndi yaing'ono woyamba dorsal chipsyepsye ndi kakang'ono kumbuyo, mkuwa imvi mtundu ndi mthunzi woyera pamimba. Shaki za silika ndizovuta komanso zimathamanga, zimakonda moyo wawung'ono wam'madzi, koma zakhalapo nthawi zina pomwe zinaukira adani osiyanasiyana.

Silika nsombazo agwire zolengedwa zing'onozing'ono nyanja, koma akhoza kuukira anthu

Tuporylaya kapena ng'ombe shark - amasambira mumadzi otentha amchere a malo otentha, nthawi zina amawoneka m'mitsinje yatsopano ndipo amatha kusambira mpaka pansi. Thupi limakhala lopindika ndipo limatalika mpaka mikono inayi, mutu umakhala wofupika, wopanda tsitsi, ndipo utoto wake ndi imvi. Khwangwala wamphongo ndiosatetezeka kwambiri kwa anthu, kuluma kwake kumapitilira kuluma kwa abale ake. Mitunduyi ndi yofalikira, idawoneka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific Oceans, ku Brisbane, Zambezi, Ganges, Amazon, Mississippi ndipo ngakhale ku Lake Michigan ndi Nicaragua. Anthu okhala ku Brisbane amatha kuwona shaki yabwinobwino ikuyenda m'misewu panthawi ya kusefukira kwa chaka cha 2010.

Shaki ya buluu kapena ya buluu ndi mtundu wina wa anthu womwe umapezeka nthawi zambiri m'dera lotentha komanso lotentha. Kukhazikika kwa munthu payekha ndi malo am'mphepete mwa 350 kuchokera ku Norway kupita ku Chile ndi ma kontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Wotsogola mpaka 3,8 m kutalika kwa nsomba zam'mafupa, squid, nsomba zazinkhanira ndi zina zonyansa, atha kukhala ozunzidwa ndi abale akulu. Nyama ya shark ya buluu sigwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, mavitamini amapangidwa kuchokera ku chiwindi, ndipo chakudya chamfupa chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa.

Anthu ambiri amitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya carcharid amasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lotha kusaka.

Yokhala ndi manja, bovine kapena nyanga

Mitunduyi imaphatikiza mabanja 9, koma posachedwa panali ena, izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kutha kwa mabungwe ena akale. Mano osiyanasiyana amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo: mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe m'diso, pakamwa chowola, kukhalapo kwa kangaude wazomangamanga ndi mapikisano asanu. Chikhalidwe chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi mabanja ena ndi mano ali osiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, kutsogolo kuli lakuthwa, nyama yosangalatsa, komanso kuzama pakamwa - kupera.

Zonena zokhala ndi malamba sizowopsa monga momwe anthu amaganizira., maziko a zakudya zawo ndi anthu ochepa okhala m'madzi.

Shark waku Australia (wokhala ndi nyanga) ndi amodzi mwa oyimira kwambiri amtunduwu, kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 165 cm.Habitat ndiye madzi akum'mawa a Pacific akuya mpaka 275 m ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa gombe la India, ndipo amathanso kupezeka pagombe la Australia. Imaswana, ikayika mazira m'makona akuya kuya kwa 1.5 1-5. Sikugwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani chifukwa nyama yake ndi yopanda pake, mitembo yomwe imagwidwa mu maukonde imapita kunyambo ya nsomba zina zazikulu.

Shark ya Bull sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ndi chakudya, chifukwa nyama yake siyabwino kwambiri

Shaki yooneka ngati mbidzi kapena yaku China, yomwe imatchedwanso shaki yopapatiza, imakhala m'madzi osaya a Pacific Ocean ndipo imakula mpaka masentimita 122. Mtundu wake umawoneka wokongola komanso wosakongola - kuyambira bulawuni mpaka woyera wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala. Thupi la nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi ndizosungidwa ndi zipsepse zamkati, kumbuyo kuli zipse ziwiri: woyamba ndi wokulirapo, ndipo wachiwiri ndi wocheperako, onse amapangidwa ndi mizere yolunjika. Maganizo ake adapatsidwa mutu wa Least Concern.

Horned California ndi nzika yakum'mawa kwa Pacific ndi kumadzulo kwa North America. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika 122 cm ndipo sikumapangitsa chidwi cha mafakitale kwa anthu. Mtundu wake ndi wowoneka bwino komanso woyambirira: thupi labulawuni loyera lili ndi madontho akuda ndi madontho akuda. Imasaka usiku wa nkhanu, nkhanu, mbewa ndi nsomba. Achichepere amakonda malo amchenga, pomwe achikulire amakonda miyala yamiyala ndi mwala.

Ma Hookah samawombera anthu, koma panali vuto pomwe shaki imasokoneza ena oyipa, koma pakalibe zilembo pakhungu. Mitunduyo imaberekanso mazira pansi pazomera.

Oimira angapo-gill

Mitundu imakhala ndi mabanja a 5-6 a nsomba zomwe zimatha kumera ndipo 6- 7 zimatsata; sizimakhala zonunkha m'maso komanso zonyoza.Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a thupi osiyanasiyana malingana zosiyanasiyana lapansi.

Woimira wodziwika kwambiri wa shaki zamitundu ingapo ndi shaki zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Nthumwi wotchuka ndi ashen semizhabernaya nsombazi - voracious ndi wokangalika wokhala madzi ofunda wa kugombe la China, Australia, Japan, Indonesia, South la Brazil, Cuba, ndi North Carolina. Angapezeke pa pansi pa plume chokhala pa akuya mamita 720. Amadyetsa nsomba zamfupa zisanu ndi ziwiri, crustaceans, mamba, ngati-mackerel kapena nsomba yama saber. Chilombo ndi wokangalika, kamodzi mu Mwachitsanzo maukonde tingathe kumachita ndithu azitengapo kwa nsodzi wa.

Banja mulinso frilled nsombazi, zimene ofanana conger njoka yam'madzi. Thupi lake limakhala lokwera, kupukutira kufupikirako, kumatako ndikokulitsa kuposa kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Rhode komanso integrates mitundu yambiri zinatha.

Lamniformes ndi pamphasa nsombazi

Ma torpedo enieni a dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi amaimiridwa mu mabanja achisoni. Nsombayi ndi zipsepse awiri dorsal, wina m'munsi, ndi awiriawiri asanu makutu pa maso palibe nictitating Kakhungu. Anthu ena kudya ang'onoang'ono kakulidwe nsomba, nyama ndi achibale, kotero iwo ayenera kuzungulira ndi musati kusambira anthu oyandikana nawo.

Mabanja otchuka kwambiri: Sand, Lozhnopeschanye, hering'i, nsombazi nyumba, etc., awa akuimira mitundu ngati .:

Thresher nsombazi (tresherovye) - zimapezeka kotentha ndi kutentha madzi otentha. Chochititsa chidwi ndi gawo lalitali lakumapeto kwa ndalama, zomwe mlenje amagwiritsa ntchito pofunafuna nyama, zodabwitsa komanso kuyendetsa nsomba m'masukulu. Vane zina ukufika chachikulu chilombo thupi. Near kugombe la nkhandwe nyanja ali osowa kwambiri, izo wakonda nyanja ndi akuya mamita 500.

Shaki yayikulu imafikira mita 10 m'litali, koma anthu kutalika kwa mita 15 idalembedwa

Chimphona nsombazi - akhoza kukula kwa mamita 9 m'litali, koma chinalembedwa munthu pazipita mamita 15. Kukula ndi yokha nsombazi chinsomba. Thupi lamphamvu, kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kupukusira kwakhali ngati mawonekedwe a khomo lokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu ndi mano ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale miyeso m'malo waukulu, chachikulu chakudya ndi zomera, chachikulu nsomba umasefedweramo makutu, ndi buku la kusefera madzi - matani 2 paola. otetezeka kotheratu kwa anthu, koma munthu kwa iye - palibe. Nthawi zina, nyama yake idali yotchuka, chifukwa pomwe amphaka amtundu adayambitsa kuchepa kwa anthu, izi zidapereka mwayi wokhala "Wowopsa".

Kunyamula nsombazo lalikulu mtundu pamphasa nsombazi, kutalika kwa thupi lawo ranges ku masentimita 70 mamita 20. Makope akukhala zambiri tsiku ndi amakonda chakudya pa cuttlefish, nkhanu, nsomba zazinkhanira, nyama, ndi mollusks ena. Izi ndi monga: chishalo, chisichi chowona, fia waku Asia, feline ya Persia, asodzi a zebra ndi ena.

Izi ndi zochepa chabe mwa zitsanzo za zimene ali nsombazo aliyense mitundu, koma kwenikweni pali ambiri mndandanda ndipo onse sangathe. Pomaliza oceanographers sangathe kuyankha funso kwa nsombazo angati, chifukwa iwo adakali sanamvetse mokwanira, ndipo tsiku lililonse zamoyo wa nyama yakale kwambiri mu dziko.

Tiger (Leopard) Shark

Imathamanga kuwanda mbali ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya America, India, Japan ndi Australia. dzina umalimbikitsa mtundu wa zolusa monga nyalugwe chitsanzo. Zingwe zopendekera pazimvi zimatsalira mpaka shaki imakula kuposa 2 metres, ndiye kuti amatembenuka.

The pazipita kukula kwa mpaka mamita 5.5. ogwirira Voracious kumeza zinthu ngakhale inedible. Iwowo ndi chinthu chochita malonda - chiwindi chamtengo wapatali, khungu, zipse nsomba. Nsombayi ndi lachonde kwambiri: mu zinyalala imodzi 80 kubereka moyo zikuoneka wamng'ono.

Nsomba ya shaki

Amakhala m'madzi ofunda a nyanja zamchere. Mbiri kutalika toyesa chimphona anakonza 6.1 m. Kunenepa oimira akuluakulu a ku makilogalamu 500. maonekedwe nsombazi zachilendo, zazikulu. The dorsal chipsyepsye monga chikwanje ndi.Patsogolo "nyundo" pafupifupi mzere wolunjika. Favorite nyama - stingray, stingrays chakupha, seahorses. Bweretsani ana kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri, 50-55 akhanda kamodzi. Oopsa kwa anthu.

nsomba ya shaki

Silika (Florida) shaki

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2.5-3.5 m. Kunenepa za makilogalamu 350. Mtundu zikuphatikizapo mithunzi osiyanasiyana malankhulidwe imvi buluu ndi Sheen zachitsulo. Masikelo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, streamlined thupi la nsomba mantha mu nyanja.

Chifaniziro cha mlenje wankhanza kugwirizana nafe nkhani pa mitundu mitundu. Amakhala paliponse m'madzi okhala ndi madzi otentha mpaka 23 ° С.

silky nsombazi

Ng'ombe nsombazi

Mtundu wamtundu wamatsitsi womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wankhanza kwambiri. Zolemba malire kutalika 4 mamita maina ena :. ng'ombe nsombazi, mphika mutu. Anthu oposa theka la anthu onse anthu monga mdani uyu. Midzi yam'mphepete mwa Africa, India.

The peculiarity a mitundu Bovine - osmoregulation m'thupi, mwachitsanzo, anatengera kwa madzi abwino. Kumaoneka ngati shaki yosalala m'milomo ya mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda munyanja ndi chinthu wamba.

Ng'ombe nsombazi ndi mano ake akuthwa

Buluu nsombazi

Mitundu yodziwika bwino. Wapakati kutalika mamita 3.8, yolemera makilogalamu 200. Dzina loperekedwa ndi mtundu wa wochepa thupi. Shark ndiowopsa kwa anthu. Izo zikhoza kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja, kupita mwakuya kwambiri. Zimachokera ku America.

Blue Shark Amapeza Chakudya

General maonekedwe a Nsombayi

Nsombayi anawagawa m'magulu atatu. Ponseponse, lero pali mitundu 450 ya zilombo, koma ofufuza akuti palinso ena oimira banja ili, mpaka pano sakudziwika ndi anthu.

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A zosiyanasiyana nsombazo yaikulu kwambiri moti nsomba zing'onozing'ono kukula kwa masentimita 20, pamene anthu akuluakulu akhoza kufika mamita 20. Komabe, inakhala onse ali zingapo zochititsa ofanana: nsombazi palibe chikhodzodzo kusambira, iwo kupuma mpweya kuti akulowa gill slits, nyama zam'madzi ali ndi tanthauzo kwambiri kwa fungo chimene chimathandiza kumva magazi a wovulalayo pa mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Komanso, nsomba zonse zimakhala ndi mafupa okhala ndi cartilage.

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Detachments kwa nsombazo

Mwatsoka, ambiri nsombazi mitundu zikutha, ndi zokhudza katasochera. Masiku ano, magulu asanu ndi atatu a zilombo zapadera ndi osiyana:

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• carcharhiniformes,
• raznozuboobraznye kapena Bovine (tentha mthupi)
• wopukutira,
• lamniformes,
• pamphasa nsombazi,
• sawtooth,
• squaliformes kapena prickly,
• ploskotelyh nthumwi.

Mwa nsomba zochuluka, si onse amene amadyera. mitundu itatu ya nsombazo kudya zomera. Palinso oimira inakhala kuti moyo mu madzi atsopano.

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Mitundu yayikulu ya asodzi

Kukumana ndi kungofuna zoopsa angathe kukhala mu Atlantic, Pacific, nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi Mediterranean, Nyanja Yofiira ndi Caribbean. Kwambiri nyama zachilendo m'madzi ndi:

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Akambuku amphaka

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Kambuku kapena kambuku nsombazi - pakati pa zolusa kwambiri voracious, pazipita kutalika nkhokwe nsomba 5.5 mamita Chinthu chapadera pa nyanja ndi wokhala nyalugwe zojambula, inali thupi lonse ..

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nsomba ya shaki

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Hammerhead shark - shark wapadera wokhala ndi nyundo kutsogolo. Chilombo amalenga maonekedwe a nsomba yaikulu ndi zachilendo. Akuluakulu amakula mamita 6.1. Pisces chikondi kuphwando pa seahorses, stingrays ndi stingray.

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silky nsombazi

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Silika kapena Florida nsombazi - ali yachilendo grayish buluu mtundu ndi kulocha zachitsulo. Kutalika kwambiri kwa nyama yolusa ndi 3.5 m.

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ng'ombe nsombazi

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Ng'ombe nsombazi - pakati nsomba kwambiri aukali. M'madera ena, nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama zimatchedwa kuti shaki. Iwo amakhala wokhala zamoyo India ndi Africa. Mbali yapadera ndi luso la nsomba atengere madzi abwino.

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buluu nsombazi

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Blue nsombazi - ndi pafupifupi kwambiri kuti nsomba anthu nthawi amasambira pagombe.Nyamayi imakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi thupi lochepera ndipo kwenikweni imakula mpaka 3,8 m.

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Mbidzi shaki

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Shaki woboola pakati pa Zebra - amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wosawoneka bwino ngati mikwingwirima ya bulauni pamtundu wopepuka. Mtundu wa nsomba suopsa kwa anthu. Shaki amakhala pafupi ndi China, Japan ndi Australia.

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Chisoti shoti

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Shaki yooneka ngati chipewa ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya adani. Pamwamba pa thupi la nsombayo amaphimbidwa ndi maraya, mtunduwo umaimiriridwa ndi mawanga amdima pamtondo wowala. Akuluakulu amakula mpaka mita imodzi.

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Shaki waku Mozambique

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Shaki yaku Mozambique ndi nsomba yofiirira yokhala ndi mawanga oyera pathupi. Omwe amakhala m'madzi amakhala ku Mozambique, Somalia ndi Yemen, amakula mpaka 60 cm.

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Shaki-zisanu ndi ziwiri

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Shaki-zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena shaki yowongoka - yodziwika ndi wankhanza komanso mtundu wa phulusa. Nsomba imakhala ndi mutu wocheperako ndipo imakula mpaka masentimita 120.

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Shaki wamutu wakuda

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Shaki yokhala ngati yabowola kapena yokhala m'madzi ndi mtundu wina wokhala m'madzi womwe umatha kupindika thupi ngati njoka. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mtundu wautoto wonyezimira, mpaka 2 m ndi matumba angapo achikopa.

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Mbambo ya nkhandwe

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Fox shark - ili ndi liwiro lalikulu loyenda komanso lobe yayitali kumtunda kwa caudal fin. Wodabwitsayo amagwira bwino ntchito. Kutalika kwa nsomba kumafika mpaka 4 m.

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Shaki

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Sand Shark - ali ndi mphuno yakukhazikika ndi thupi lalikulu. Amakonza nyanja yotentha komanso yozizira. Kutalika kwa munthu ndi 3.7 m.

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Shaki yamtundu wakuda

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Mako shark kapena wakuda-wamapiko - wondidula ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri zida zoopsa. Kutalika kwa nsomba ndi 4 m, kuthamanga kwa kuyenda ndikodabwitsa.

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Goblin shaki

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Goblin shark kapena brownie (rhinoceros) - nsomba zamtunduwu amatchedwa alendo. Shaki ali ndi mpweya wosazolowereka wofanana ndi platypuses. Nyanja zakuya izi zimakula mpaka mita imodzi.

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Whale shark

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Shaki ya whale ndi chimphona chenicheni cham'madzi, chomwe chili ndi mtundu komanso chisomo chodabwitsa. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa wokhala m'madzi ndi ma 20. Nsomba zamtunduwu sizimakonda madzi ozizira ndipo sizikuwopseza anthu, ngakhale zimawawopsa ndi unyinji wawo. Chakudya chachikulu cha asaka ndi nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nkhanu.

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Carpal wobbegong

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Wobbegong carpalis ndi mtundu wapadera wa shaki womwe suwoneka ngati "abale ake". Nsombayo imasenda bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a pathundu ndi zisanza zambiri zomwe zidakutidwa. Maonekedwe, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzindikira maso ndi zipsepse za nyama.

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Ma pilonos okhala ndi fupi

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Ma pilonos okhala ndi fupi-kansomba - nsomba ili ndi thupi lofiirira lomwe limakhala ndi mimba yopepuka. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nyamayo ndi msipu wamtchire, womwe ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi. Mothandizidwa ndi chida chapadera, shaki amavulaza omwe akuvutika.

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Gnome Pylonos

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Gnome pilonos ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri zamtunduwu, kutalika kwake kosaposa 60 cm.

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Southern hyloglot - ili ndi mutu wowongoka, thupi lofiirira. Mkazi wokhala m'madzi siwopseza anthu.

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Wosautsa kwambiri ndi mwiniwake wa thupi lalikulu. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhala mozama kwambiri.

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Squatina

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Shaki wazimuna zakutchire kapena squat - nsomba zamtunduwu ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mbola mumapangidwe ndi moyo wawo. Wokhala m'madzi amakonda kusaka usiku, masana atakola silt. Ena amatcha mizimu ya shark.

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Pali mitundu yambiri ya amphaka. Mitundu ya nsomba imatengedwa ndi malo okhala ndi moyo wawo.

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Mitundu ina ya asodzi

Kuphatikiza pa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, zophunziridwa bwino kwambiri za shaki, palinso nyama zodya nyama zocheperako, zomwe pakati pawo ndi ndimu, granular, mapiko atali, bango, feline, marten, msuzi, herring, lalikulu-mouthed, carpet ndi shark polar. Komanso mu madzi nyanja izo akukumana zosiyanasiyana ogwirira amatchedwa "namwino nsombazi".

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Ndipo, ndithudi, nsombazi woyera

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Whale shark

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtundu wa shaki imatsindika kukula kwa zolengedwa. Iwo osiyanasiyana monga njira yochititsa chidwi. Avereji oimira suborder cha adani m'madzi kukula poyerekeza ndi dolphin a. Palinso nyanja yakuzama kwambiri NsombayiAmene kutalika ndi china zosakwana 17 cm. Koma kuima ndi zimphona.

Whale shark

Dama la Shaki - woimira waukulu wa fuko. Ena toyesa Mipikisano matani kukwaniritsa mfundo 20-mita. Zimphona zoterezi, mpaka m'zaka za zana la XIX, zomwe sizinadziwike ndi kupezeka mwa apo ndi sitima zapamadzi m'madzi otentha, zinawonetsa chidwi cha anyani ndi kukula kwawo kosangalatsa. Koma kuopa timeneti anali wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mwamwayi kenako, kuopsa kwa anthu amenewa pang'onopang'ono zimphona sangathe kuimira. Ndipo ngakhale ali ndi mano masauzande pakamwa pawo, kapangidwe kawo kamasiyana kwambiri ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya.

Izi zipangizo - chinachake ngati wandiweyani latisi, odalirika maloko zomera ang'ono, amene yekha ndi chilengedwe chakudya deta. mano nsombazi izi amasunga nyama wake mkamwa mwake. Ndipo limagwira ndalama iliyonse mwa madzi nyanja ottsezhivaniya ake makamaka ndi pakati gill arcs zida - mbale cartilaginous.

The mitundu ya nsombazi wamtali kwambiri. Mbiri yonseyo imakhala imvi yakuda ndi mtundu wa buluu kapena mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo imakwaniritsa mawonekedwe ake kuyambira mizere ya malo akulu oyera kumbuyo ndi mbali, komanso madontho ang'onoang'ono pamipse ya pectoral ndi mutu.

Shaki yayikulu

Monga anafotokoza mtundu ndi mphamvu ndi anthu ena a fuko la chidwi kwa ife (mitundu ya nsombazi mu chithunzi lolani kuti tilingalire mawonekedwe awo akunja). Kwa iwo ayenera zimachitika ndi largemouth nsombazo chiphona.

Shaki yayikulu

Otsiriza a pakati pa waukulu wa abale awo ali ndi malo chachiwiri. M'litali mwa yaikulu toyesa 15 m. A Unyinji wa totere chidwi kukula kwa nsomba nyama zina matani 4, ngakhale thupi ili ku nsombazi chimphona imatengedwa kuti ndi umboni.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu yapita ali wolengedwa madzi, kupanga chakudya chawo, osati akuyamwitsa madzi a nkhani zake. Shaki yayikulu imangotsegula pakamwa pake ndikukulungitsa zinthuzo, ndikugwira ndi kusefa zomwe zimalowa mkamwa mwake. Koma zakudya zolengedwa ali yemweyo - yaing'ono planktonic.

Mitundu ya nyama zimenezi modzichepetsa - wooneka imvi, yodziwika ndi chitsanzo yowala. Amasunga okha komanso m'matumba makamaka m'madzi ofunda. Ngati ife kulankhula za mavuto, anthu ndi ntchito zamanja awo nsombazo otere anayambitsa mavuto ambiri kuposa - kwenikweni kupanga chabwinobwino anam'bweretsera vuto.

Shark Wankulu

Zilombozi chidwi anapeza ndithu posachedwapa, osachepera theka zapitazo. Zikupezeka mu madzi ofunda nyanja, zina, ndi kusambira mu zigawo kotentha. Nyimboyi mtundu wa thupi bulauni-wakuda pamwamba, pansi ndi opepuka kwambiri. Shaki wamaso akulu sichinthu chaching'ono, komabe sichikulirapo ngati zofananira ziwiri zam'mbuyomu, ndipo kutalika kwa oimira amadzi am'madzi ndi kosakwana 5 m.

Shark Wankulu

The kuipanikiza cha zolengedwa ndi chidwi kwambiri, anamaliza ndi lonse, pa yaima chachikulu, pafupifupi zisanu phazi kutalika m'kamwa mwa. Komabe, mano ang'onoang'ono mkamwa, ndi mtundu wa chakudya ndi ofanana kwambiri Nsombayo chimphona yekha chidwi Mbali kuti megamouth nthumwi zolusa fuko ali zopangitsa wapadera ndi katundu kuonetsetsa phosphates.Amalimbikitsa kuzungulira pakamwa angelo amenewa, kukopa nsomba yaing'ono ndi modabwitsa. Umu ndi momwe nyama yolusa kwambiri imasakira nyama kuti ikwane.

Mbidzi Shark

Iwo umakhala mu madzi ochepa pafupi ndi gombe la Japan, China, Australia. Milozo yopyapyala ya bulauni yoyera yokhala ngati mbidzi. Kokani kufupikitsa mwachidule. Kuopsa kwa munthu ayi.

Mbidzi Shark

Shaki yoyera

Komabe, monga momwe ziliri zovuta kunena, si onse omwe amafanana ndi achinsomba omwe ndi opanda vuto. N'zosadabwitsa ogwirira izi m'madzi mantha mwamuna ndi kalekale zakuya. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutchula makamaka mitundu yoopsa ya asodzi. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi bloodthirstiness fuko angathe kutumikira nsombazi woyera, amatchedwanso "woyera imfa" kapena njira ina: nsombazi-kudya, kutsimikizira katundu zoopsa.

Nthawi yamoyo ya zolengedwa zotereyi ndi yocheperako kuposa anthu. Zofananira zazikuluzikuluzikulu zoterezi zimatalika kuposa 6 m ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi matani awiri. Mawonekedwe a thupi akufanana ndi oponya anafotokoza okhalapo, mitundu pamwamba pa bulauni, imvi kapena wobiriwira, ndiye pamene kuukira wabwino yodzibisa.

Shaki yoyera

Mimba imamveka bwino kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo, komwe shaki adayipatsa dzina. Wotsogola, wowoneka modzidzimutsa wagalu wochokera pansi mwamadzi, womwe sunawonekere pamwamba pamadzi chifukwa cha kumbuyo kwa thupi, m'masekondi omaliza okha akuwonetsa kuyera kwa pansi. zinamudabwitsa Lifikira mdani mu mantha.

Wotsogola, mopanda kukokomeza, mphamvu yankhanza, ziwalo zina zamphamvu zopangidwa mwaluso, ndipo mutu wake umapatsidwa mphamvu yotha kukakamiza zamagetsi. Pakamwa pake lalikulu kwambiri pamakhala matanthwe a dolphin, zisindikizo za ubweya, zisindikizo, ngakhale zinkhanira. Iye mmwamba ndi mantha ndi mtundu wa anthu. Ndipo mutha kukumana ndi aluso pakusaka, koma zolengedwa zamagazi m'madzi onse am'dziko lapansi, kupatula madzi a Kumpoto.

Akambuku amphaka

Kambuku nsombazo amakonda ofunda madzi m'mphepete, kunachitika madzi a kunyanja ya padziko lonse. Amakhala pafupi ndi gombe ndipo amakonda kuyendayenda kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo. Asayansi amati kuyambira nthawi zakale, nthumwi za nyama zam'madzi izi sizinasinthe kwambiri.

Kutalika kwa zolengedwa ndi za 4 m. The nyalugwe mikwingwirima pa maziko Kamaoneka yekha anthu wamng'ono aime. Shaki zokhwima zambiri nthawi zambiri zimangokhala imvi. Zamoyo zotere zimakhala ndi mutu waukulu, kamwa yayikulu, mano awo amakhala ndi lumo. Liwiro kuyenda mu madzi ogwirira amenewa amapereka thupi streamlined. Ndipo dorsal fin imathandizira kulemba pirouette zovuta.

Akambuku amphaka

Izi zolengedwa anthu ndi oopsa kwambiri, mano awo serrated kulola kamphindi kuphwanya thupi padera. Ndizodabwitsa kuti m'mimba mwa zolengedwa zotere nthawi zambiri zimapeza zinthu zomwe sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizosangalatsa komanso zowoneka konse.

Amatha kukhala mabotolo, zitini, mabotolo, zinyalala zina, ngakhale matayala agalimoto ndi zophulika. Kumene zimaonekeratu kuti nsombazo awa ndi chizolowezi Pomeza kuti mulimonse.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti chilengedwe chinawadalitsa kuti azitha kuchotsa zinthu zina zam'mimba. Amatha kutsuka zamkati kudzera pakamwa, mongopotoza m'mimba.

Ng'ombe nsombazi

Kutchula mtundu wa shakiOsati mwamwano thupi la umunthu, onetsetsani kuti kutchula ng'ombe nsombazi. Zowopsa zokumana ndi zolengedwa zokongola zoterezi zimatha kuchitika mu nyanja zamchere zilizonse padziko lapansi, chosangalatsa mwina ndi Arctic.

Shaki wachinsomba

Komanso, pali Mwina, adzakhala Mwachidule ogwirira awa kukhala madzi abwino, chifukwa chinthu ichi ndi yabwino ndithu kuti umoyo wawo. Pali nthawi zina pamene asodzi a ng'ombe adakumana ndikukhala m'mitsinje ya Illinois, ku Amazon, ku Ganges, ku Zambezi kapena ku Lake Michigan.

Kutalika kwa zilombo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 3 m kapena kupitilira. Iwo amatsutsa akuvutika mwamsanga, kuthekera kupulumutsa iwo makamaka kusiya. Oba shaki amatchedwanso kuti osamveka bwino.Ndipo ili ndi dzina lakuti zoyenerera kwambiri. Ndipo pamene pomenyana iwo angayambitse ikhale pamphuno ake yosamveka mwakumana ndi katundu nkhonya.

Ndipo ngati ife kuwonjezera mano kwambiri lakuthwa serrated, chithunzi cha mdani ndi mwamakani ndipo kodi wodzilemekeza mfundo zambiri zoopsa. Torso zolengedwa ali ndi spindle woboola pakati, wamfupi koma wojintcha thupi, maso ake kuwatchinjiriza ndi zazing'ono.

Katran

Alibe wokongola malo kwa nsombazo kukhetsa mwazi ndi madzi a m'Nyanja Black. Zifukwa chowasiyanitsa ndi kuli anthu gombe, madzi machulukitsidwe osiyanasiyana zoyendera apanyanja. Komabe, kuti munthu uyu alibe chilichonse makamaka osauka, amapatsidwa ozizira kwambiri zolengedwa.

spiny dogfish nsombazi

Koma pamwamba sizikutanthauza kuti anthu a fuko samafotokozedwa zimapezeka m'madera amenewa. enumerating mitundu ya nsombazi mu Nyanja BlackChoyamba titchedwe katrana. Zilombozi okha mozungulira kukula kwa mita, koma nthawi zina amatha kwenikweni kudzitamandira chifukwa mtengo ziwiri mita. Amakhala zaka 20.

Dzina monga nsombazo spiny mabanga. Woyamba wa achipongwe ndi kupereka kwa chipsyepsye awo dorsal ili pa minga mwachilungamo lakuthwa, wachiwiri - pa malo owala pa mbali. Maziko chachikulu cha zolengedwa kumbuyo imvi bulauni, mimba - woyera.

mitundu chodabwitsa iwo amakhala ngati nsomba elongated kuposa nsombazo. Iwo kudyetsa makamaka pa Katrana okhala yaing'ono waukulu madzi, koma pamodzi mtundu wake bwino kugwiritsira kuukira anamgumiwa ndipo ngakhale anthu.

Mphaka nsombazi

Cat nsombazi opezeka madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean. The madzi a m'Nyanja Black, ogwirira izi amakodwa, koma kawirikawiri. miyeso awo ndi ochepa, 70 cm. thambo la zinthu nyanja iwo alibe zowawa, kwenikweni sangathenso gombe ndi kuya yaing'ono.

mphaka nsombazi

Mtundu izi chidwi ndi chidwi. Kumbuyo ndi mbali akuda mchenga mtundu, mdima Pestryaev yaing'ono mawanga. Ndipo khungu cha zolengedwa zodabwitsa, akuona ngati sandpaper. Dzina la nsombazo izi achita thupi kusintha, wachisomo ndi yaitali.

Zizolowezi zolengedwa zimenezi amafanana amphaka. kayendedwe ndi wachisomo, iwo ali m'tulo masana ndi kuyenda usiku ndi bwino zochokera mu mdima. Iwo m'gulu la zakudya zambiri osati lalikulu nsomba ndi anthu ena m'madzi. Pakuti mwamuna nsombazo ngati chabwinobwino. Komabe, anthu kudya, nthawi zina ngakhale ndi chimwene, mtundu wa nsombazo, komanso nyama katrana.

Kladoselahiya

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti nsombazi lapansi zambiri zapitazo, za mamilioni anayi a zaka, kotero zilombo ndinu wakale. Choncho Pofotokoza ogwirira awa zatchulidwazi ndi makolo awo. Mwatsoka, mwapadera kuti tipeze: kodi iwo ankawoneka ngati, tsopano sizingatheke.

Ndipo maonekedwe awo yaweruzidwa okha mafupawa ndi kuda ina ya moyo nyama ngati mbiri isanayambe. Pakati amapeza awa limodzi la zedi ndi bwino anasunga woimira thupi amaonekera mitundu zinatha kwa nsombazoKumanzere kufufuta mapiri. Monga makolo akale a moyo mitundu masiku ano amatchedwa kladoselahy.

mitundu zinatha kwa nsombazo kladoselahiya

Cholengedwa kuti anasiya amaonekera ngati akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi kukula zotsatirazi ndi makhalidwe ena, sanali makamaka lalikulu, koma kutalika kwa 2 m. Pofuna kulimbikitsa mofulumira mu mchitidwe madzi chinawathandiza oponya mawonekedwe streamlined. Komabe, mathamangidwe a mitundu ano ngati malasha cholengedwa N'zoonekeratu akadali otsika.

Iwo anali awiri dorsal zipsepse okonzeka ndi mchira spiked mwachuluka ofanana ndi mbadwo watsopano wa nsombazo. Maso zolengedwa wakale anali lalikulu ndi maso. Zikuoneka kuti anadyetsedwa madzi okha asatipusitsenso. chilengedwe A Nthiti zimacheperapo monga a mmodzi mwa adani awo zoipa Otsutsa.

Pygmy nsombazi

Shark-mwana atangomva theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza apezeka madzi a Caribbean. Izo zinali kokha patatha zaka makumi awiri Atapeza mtundu wa nsombazo iwo ali dzina lawo: etmopterus Perry.Dzina lofananalo linapatsidwa kwa zolengedwa zazing'ono polemekeza wasayansi wotchuka wophunzirayo.

Ndipo lero mitundu alipo kwa nsombazo nyama zazing'ono mdziko sizipezeka. Kutalika kwa ana awa musalumphe masentimita 17, ndi zazikazi kwambiri finely. Iwo a banja la nsombazo pa nyanja, ndi kukula kwake zimenezi konse zinapezeka kuti oposa 90 cm.

Shaki yakunyanja

Etmopterus Perry tikukhala mozama kwambiri za madzi nyanja, chifukwa chomwecho afufuza pang'ono kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti yaytsezhivorozhdayuschie. Matupi awo ndi otambalala, zovala zawo ndi zofiirira zakuda, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima pamimba ndi kumbuyo. ana maso ndi chuma pa nyanja zimatulutsa kuwala wobiriwira.

Nsombazi madzi oyera

Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana NsombayiZingakhale zabwino osati kuchoka popanda okhala tcheru ndi madzi oyera a suborder izi. Zanena kale kuti nyama zam'madzi izi, zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi nyanja, nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuchezera alendo, kuchezera nyanja, mitsinje ndi mitsinje, kusambira kumeneko kwakanthawi, kumawononga kuchuluka kwa moyo wawo m'malo opanda mchere. Chitsanzo chabwino cha m'mawa nsombazi ng'ombe.

Koma kudziwika kwa sayansi ndi mitundu ngati kuti amabadwa, moyo ndi kufa zonse mu madzi atsopano. Ngakhale ndi raral. Ku America, malo anthu nsombazo izi chimodzi chokha. Ndi nyanja yaikulu ya Nicaragua, ili mu dzina lomwelo dzina la boma, Suli kutali ndi Pacific madzi.

Shaki yamadzi oyera

ogwirira izi n'zoopsa kwambiri. Iwo amakula mamita 3, agalu adzaukira ndi anthu. Nthawi ina kale, anthu amderali, amwenye, adakonda kuwotcha anthu anzawo m'madzi am'nyanjamo, kupatsa akufa kuti adyetse zilombo zadyera.

Nsombayi madzi oyera galimoto ku Australia ndi ena a ku Asia. Iwo kusiyana ndi mutu waukulu thupi wamfupi koma wojintcha ndipo yochepa ikhale pamphuno. Mbiri yawo yakumaso ndi yaimvi, pansi, monga abale ambiri, ndizowala kwambiri.

Blacknose nsombazi

Banja la nsombazo imvi ya fuko onse nsombazi ndizo kwambiri ambiri ndiponso ochuluka. Ili ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri, kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Oimira banja ili ndi amatchedwanso pilozubymi kuti palokha amalankhula za kuopsa iwo monga adani. Zikuphatikizapo Nsombayo blacknose.

Cholengedwachi ndi chaching'ono kukula (anthu opangidwawo amafika pafupifupi mita imodzi), koma ndichifukwa chake ndiwosavuta kuyenda. Blacknose nsombazo - okhala zinthu mchere kuti nyama pa cephalopods, koma makamaka teleost nsomba.

blacknose nsombazi

Anchovy, bass zam'nyanja ndi nsomba zina zamtunduwu, komanso squid ndi octopus, amasanduka gawo lawo. Nsombayi chotere agile, kuti mosavuta see ndi kulanda chakudya achibale zikuluzikulu. Komabe, anthu onse bwino kuvutika awo.

Thupi la zolengedwa zofotokozedwalo, monga mamembala ambiri am'banja lawo, limatentha. ikhale pamphuno zawo ndi anamaliza ndi elongated. Iwo apanga mano serrated, amene amathandiza blacknose nsombazo Burke nyama.

Zipangizo zakuthwa izi mkamwa zimakhala momwe zimasokonekera patatu. Placoid, dongosolo lapadera la m'miyeso, khalidwe zambiri toyesa pansi, deta chimakwirira thupi la akuluakulu a zinyama zikuluzikulu.

Pa coloration awo aweruzidwe dzina la banja. Nthawi zina mtundu wake siwofewa, koma umaonekera ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira. Chifukwa dzina la mtundu deta wakhala mbali khalidwe la zolengedwa - wakuda banga pa nsonga ya ikhale pamphuno ndi. Koma chizindikiro nthawi zambiri imakongoletsa maonekedwe a nsombazo achinyamata.

Zoyipa zoterezi zimapezeka pagombe la America, monga lamulo, wokhala m'madzi amchere akutsuka kum'mawa. Banja la nsombazo imvi yapindula mbiri munthu okudya-, koma izi ndi mtundu wa munthu kawirikawiri sakhala kuukira. Komabe, akatswiri akadali kulangiza kuthana ndi zinyama yoopsa mosamala. Ngati mukuwonetsa mkwiyo, ndiye kuti mutha kuthana ndi mavuto mosavuta.

Beloporaya nsombazi

mabungwe zimenezi ndi imvi nsombazi banja, koma umalamulira pa Mitundu ina.Shaki yokhala ndi miyendo yoyera ndi nyama yolusa yomwe ingakhale yotetezeka kuposa anthu akhungu loyera. Amachita zankhanza kwambiri, ndipo pa mpikisano wofuna kupha nyama nthawi zambiri amapitilira abale ake m'banjamo.

Mwakukula kwake, nthumwi za mtunduwu zimatha kutalika mamita atatu, choncho asodzi ang'ono amatha kugwera mosavuta pagulu la adani omwe ali ndi nkhandwe yoyera, ngati sakusamala.

Shaki yoyera

Zolengedwa zomwe zimafotokozeredwa zimakhala m'madzi a Nyanja ya Atlantic, komanso zimapezeka ku Pacific ndi Indian. Mtundu wawo, malinga ndi dzina la banjali, ndi wa imvi, koma wabuluu, wopaka mkuwa, m'mimba mwa mitunduyi ndi yoyera.

Sichabwino kwa munthu wokhala ndi zolengedwa zotere. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinthu zosamveka izi kuthamangitsa. Ndipo ngakhale kuti palibe milandu yakupha yomwe idalembedwa, olusa mwankhanza amatha kuthyola mwendo kapena mkono kwa woimira gulu la anthu.

Komabe, mwamunayo yekha samapatsa shaki zoyera zochepa, komanso nkhawa. Ndipo chidwi cha anthu mwa iwo chimangofotokozedwa: zinthu zonsezo ndi nyama yokoma ya oimira awa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofunikira: khungu, zipsepse ndi ziwalo zina za thupi lawo, chifukwa zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale. Kusodza nyama zam'madzi kwadzetsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa asodzi mu madzi am'nyanja.

Shaki yakuda

Mtundu uwu ndi chitsanzo china cha banja lotchulidwa kale. Asodzi amatchedwa Indo-Pacific, zomwe zimawonetsa malo awo okhala. Akambuku oyera oyera amakonda madzi ofunda ndipo nthawi zambiri amayendayenda pafupi ndi miyala, m'mitsinje ndi m'mbali mwa miyala.

Shaki yakuda

Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa pagulu. Malo omwe “amafunkhidwa” omwe amakonda kutenga ndi umboni wa mkwiyo wawo. Koma mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi chidwi, kotero anthu nthawi zambiri samachita mantha kapena kufuna kutulutsa, koma chidwi chophweka. Koma akamazunzidwa ndi anthu, amatha kuukilanso. Amasaka usiku, ndikudya zofanana ndi abale awo m'banjamo.

Kukula kwa zolengedwa zotere ndi pafupifupi mamita 2. Kuwala kwawo ndikokuzungulira, thupi lili ndi mawonekedwe amoto, maso ndi akulu kwambiri komanso ozungulira. Mtundu wa imvi kumbuyo kwawo umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kuwala mpaka mumdima wakuda, ulusi wa mchira umatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwakuda.

Shaki yokhala ndi manja

Pofotokoza za amphaka amvi, munthu sangachitire mwina koma kungotchula mzawo wofiirira. Mosiyana ndi achibale ena ochokera kubanja lomwe lili ndi ma cod, otentha komanso amakonda kukhala kufupi ndi malo otentha, achangu amenewa amapezeka m'madzi otentha kwambiri.

Mitundu ya zolengedwa zotere ndi yachilendo kwambiri. Thupi lawo limasiyanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano, mbiri imapangidwa, muzzle umaloledwa komanso utali. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-maolivi kupita ku bronze ndi kuwonjezera kwa matani a pinki kapena mthunzi wachitsulo. Mimba, mwachizolowezi, imakhala yoyera.

Shaki yokhala ndi manja

Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa izi zimagwira ntchito komanso zimathamanga. Makulu akulu nthawi zambiri samapangidwa, amakhala akusambira okha kapena kampani yaying'ono. Ndipo ngakhale atakhala ndi mita yayikulu kapena kutalika, atha kukhala akuwombedwa ndi asodzi akuluakulu. Mitundu iyi imakhala yamtendere, kuphatikiza kwa anthu. Mamembala ake ndiwopepuka, ngati ena onse oyimira banja lino.

Shaki ya mandimu

Imayenera kukhala ndi dzina loti utoto wamtundu, nthawi zina ndi kuphatikiza kwamtundu wapinki ndipo, kwenikweni, imvi, chifukwa ngakhale utoto woyambira, shaki ndi ya banja lomwelo. Zamoyo izi ndizochulukirapo ndipo zimatalika pafupifupi mamilimita atatu ndi theka ndi kulemera kwa 180 kg.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi Gulf of Mexico. Amakonda kusewera usiku, nthawi zambiri amatembenuza miyala ndikuyang'ana m'maso osaya. Kukula kwachichepere nthawi zambiri kumabisidwa kwa mbadwo wakale wa asodzi oterowo, kulumikizana m'makola, chifukwa akakumana amathanso kuvuta, komanso kukhala chiphokoso cha olusa ena.

Shaki ya mandimu

Nyama izi zimadya nsomba ndi nkhono ngati chakudya, koma mbalame zam'madzi ndizimodzi mwa zomwe zimakonda kuzunzidwa. Zaka za kubereka kwa oimira amtunduwu, zofanananso ndi mtundu wazamoyo, zimachitika patatha zaka 12.Akatswiri oterewa amakhala ankhanza kwambiri mpaka amapatsa anthu chifukwa chowawopa.

Reef shark

Imakhala ndi mutu wokhazikika komanso thupi loonda kwambiri kotero kuti kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, limalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 20 okha. Utoto wa kumbuyo kwa zolengedwa izi umatha kukhala wa bulauni kapena wamtambo wakuda, nthawi zina pamakhala mawanga omwe amawoneka.

Mtunduwu ndi wa mtundu wosadziwika kuchokera ku banja la akhaki amvi, komwe ndi mtundu wokhawo. Oimira mtundu wamakamba am'matanthwe, malinga ndi dzina lawo, amapezeka m'matanthwe a coral, komanso m'madzi opezeka pansi ndi mumchenga wosaya. Kukhazikika kwawo ndi madzi a Indian ndi Pacific Oceans.

Reef shark

Zilombozi nthawi zambiri zimakumana m'magulu omwe mamembala amakonda kukhala m'malo obisika nthawi yausana. Amatha kukwera m'mapanga kapena kumangokhala pansi pa chimanga chachilengedwe. Amadyetsa nsomba zomwe zimakhala pakati pa corals, komanso nkhanu, nkhanu ndi octopus.

Oyimira akuluakulu a fuko la shark angasangalale ndi shaki. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi alenje ena am'madzi amchere, ngakhale nsomba zazikulu zodyera, ndipo amatha kudya nawo. Zolengedwazi zimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa anthu, ndipo ndikamachita zinthu mokwanira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamtendere.

Shaki yachikasu

Banja la asodzi amaso akulu adziyitengera dzina lachiasayansi, chifukwa mamembala ake ali ndi maso akulu owoneka. Banja lotchulidwa lili ndi mitundu inayi. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimatchedwa: shaki zamamba, ndikugawika mitundu yambiri. Mtundu woyamba wamtunduwu, womwe ukufotokozedwa pano, ndi shaki wamaso achikasu.

Shaki yachikasu

Tizilomboti timakhala topanda kukula, nthawi zambiri sitichulukira masentimita 130. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri tawo timakhala amkuwa. Shaki yotere imasankha moyo wake madzi am'mawa kwa Atlantic.

Zilombozi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pagombe la mayiko monga Namibia, Morocco, Angola. Zakudya zawo zimapangidwa makamaka ndi cephalopods, komanso nsomba za bony. Mtundu wa achinsombawa ulibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ndi anthu omwe amadya nyama ya nyama zam'madzi zotere. Amasungidwa amchere komanso atsopano.

Wachikopa wazingwe

Monga momwe dzinalo limadziwitsira bwino kwambiri, shaki zotere, monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, ndi amodzi amtundu wa shaki zamamba amtundu umodzi, ndipo amakhalanso m'madzi amchere pafupi ndi gombe la China.

Wachikopa wazingwe

Zingakhale bwino kuwonjezera pachidziwitso ichi kuti zolengedwa izi zimapezeka, komanso china chilichonse, ku Pacific Ocean kufupi ndi Japan ndi mayiko ena omwe amakhala pafupi ndi China.

Kukula, shaki ndizochepa kwambiri (zosaposa 92 cm, koma nthawi zambiri ngakhale zazing'ono). Poona izi, makanda otere sangakhale owopsa kwa anthu. Komabe, nyama yawo imatha kudya, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imadyedwa ndi anthu. Zosuta za snout zidakwera. Thupi, lomwe kumbuyo kwake limakhala lofiirira kapena laimvi basi, limafanana ndi chopindika.

Kuyamba

Mitundu ya 550 ya shaki ikuphatikizidwa m'magulu 8 komanso mabanja 34, kuphatikiza 107 genera.

Madzi osatha a nyanja zamchere amakhala malo okhalamo nyama zambiri. Mikhalidwe yapadera, chifukwa cha kukhalapo komwe kumafunikira kusintha kwina ndi kusinthidwa, kwakhala chifukwa chachikulu chakuwonekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo.

Mitundu yambiri ya shaki, limodzi ndi mbola, nsomba zam'mafupa, zinyama ndi ma invertebrate pazaka zambiri zapitazo asintha momwe akukhalira m'madzi. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu mkati mwa gulu lomweli.

Zokhudza mitundu ya asomba

Shark sichoncho. Nyanja, nyanja zam'madzi komanso mitsinje, mutha kupeza oimira ambiri mwa nsomba zamtunduwu, omwe samasiyana kokha maonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe a morphological, komanso njira yakudya ndi chikhalidwe.

Popewa chisokonezo, asayansiwo adaganiza zokhala pagulu, amagawa mitundu yonse ya asodzi omwe amadziwika ndi sayansi m'magulu - magawo a taxonomic. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi okhawo a morphological omwe adawerengedwa - mawonekedwe amkati mwazomwe zili, mawonekedwe apadera ndi mawonekedwe apanja.

Onerani kanema: Mitundu ya Shark ndi yosiyana kwambiri komanso ndiyopadera

Shark Superorder - nsomba za Cartilaginous

Shaki, monga nsomba zonse, ndi amtundu wa vertebrate, i.e. kukhala ndi maziko a thupi - msana.

Ophunzirawo, omwe amaphatikizapo asodzi ndi abale awo apamtima - stingrays, amatchedwa gulu la nsomba za cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes). Nsomba zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cartilage m'malo momanga fupa la msana zimapangika pano.

Gulu la nsomba za cartilaginous limaphatikizaponso magawo awiri - nsomba-gill (Elasmobranchii) ndi nsomba ya mutu wonse kapena fusion (Holocephali). Shaki ndi ma ray amawerengedwa kuti ndi gill.

Oyimira-mitu yonse amagwirizanitsa oimira nsomba za Chimeric.

Nsomba zokhala pansi pa gill-nsomba zimagawika m'magulu awiri - asodzi (Selachii) ndi stingrays (Batoidea).

Nawonso, chifukwa cha zosiyana m'magulu a oimira osiyanasiyana, Shark superorder imagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - malangizo omwe agawidwa m'mabanja. Ndipo mabanja amapangidwa ndi mitundu.

Mitundu ya 550 ya shaki yomwe ilipo ndikufotokozedwa panthawi yopanga nkhaniyi imaphatikizidwa m'magulu 8 komanso mabanja 34 omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe awo okha.

Kanema: Shark Zolemba Zosiyanasiyana

Mustachioed agalu

Shaki zamtunduwu ndi okhawo omwe amaimira mtundu ndi banja lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina lomweli: shaki zamtchire. Tizilombo timeneti timatchedwa kuti dzina lachifaniziro chake chakunja ngati nyama zotchuka, zokutira zochititsa chidwi pakona ndi pakamwa pawo ndi pamlomo wapamwamba.

Mamembala amtunduwu ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yomwe inafotokozedwapo kale: kutalika kwa masentimita 82 ndipo palibe china. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi la zolengedwa izi ndi lalifupi kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake kwa thupi loonda kwambiri kumatheka chifukwa cha mchira wautali.

Mustachioed agalu

Zinthu zamchere ngati izi zimakonda kuya kwakuya kwa 75 m, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimakweza kupitirira mamita khumi. Nthawi zambiri amasambira pansi, amakonda kuchita zochitika zina zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala zosasangalatsa.

Zimapangidwa ndi viviparous, ndikupanga ma cubs 7 nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chosaka nyama yawo, asodzi agalu anali pamavuto kwambiri ndipo amatha kuzimiririka kunyanja zam'mlengalenga.

Zamoyo zotere zimapezeka, monga lamulo, m'mphepete mwa Africa, ndikufalikira kumadzi kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Shaki zamtunduwu amazionedwa okongola, osambira mwachangu komanso osaka abwino. Amadyanso ma invertebrates, kupatula nsomba zomwe amadya ndi mazira awo.

Squad Karhariformes, kapena imvi shaki (Carcharhiniformes)

Gulu lalikulu kwambiri kuposa onse shaki, yomwe imagwirizanitsa mabanja 8, opangidwa ndi genera 51.

Gululi limasiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe. Oimira otchuka kwambiri pa gululi ndi a blunt-nosed (ng'ombe shark), tiger, buluu ndi amphaka amphaka. Komanso banja la hammerhead shaki, omwe mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa sangasokonezeke ndi mitundu ina iliyonse ya zilombo.

Onerani kanema - Tiger Shark:

Heterodontiformes dongosolo

Amagwirizanitsa banja limodzi lokha zamakono - odnozuby, ogwidwa nyanga kapena abambo amphongo. Onsewa amasiyana thupi lopendekeka ndi mutu wambiri wandiweyani komanso zipsepere ziwiri zomwe zimayenda mozungulira.

Shaki zokhala ndi miyendo yambiri ndizomwe zimakonda kudya adani. Kukula kwakukulu sikumafika.

Mayina amitundu yamidzi iyi akuphatikiza liwu lachi Russia "ng'ombe", ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi mtundu wowopsa kwa anthu - shaki yamphongo.

Amadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wosiyanasiyana chifukwa chachilendo cha kapangidwe ka zida zamano - mkamwa mwa shaki ndiosiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mano.

Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti okhala ndi nyanga kapena chipewa. Mbiri yachilendo ngati nsombayi idapatsidwa asodzi amphaka ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mutu wokhala ndi zipilala zapamwamba.

Mumtundu wina, ma arcs awa ndi okwera kwambiri komanso amawonekera kotero kuti amafanana ndi nyanga zachilendo.

Wonerani kanema - Angel Shark adagwedeza shaki ili ndi nyanga:

Gilamu Wovuta (Hexanchiformes)

Amakhala ndi mabanja awiri omwe amakhala osiyana maonekedwe a eel-ngati ma shaki amaso amtsogolo komanso oyenda mooneka ngati ochita bwino. Mabanja onsewa amakhala ndi 6 kapena 7 gill slits, ndalama imodzi ya dorsal komanso kupezeka kwa anal fin.

Amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zakale kwambiri komanso zakale.

Chizindikiro cha asodzi opaka bwino ndi mano opaka pakosi kumunsi.

Shaki zamanyazi sizingasokonezeke ndi mitundu ina iliyonse - zimadziwika ndi thupi lawo ngati eel.

Onani vidiyoyi - Shaki wamutu wakuda:

Squad Lamiform (Lamniformes)

Muli mabanja 7, omwe nthumwi zawo zikuluzikulu zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi lopangika ndi torpedo.

Mwa oimira banja lino, ena ndi odziwika bwino. Karharodon kapena chinsomba choyera, nsapato za shaka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwawo, magazi komanso kususuka, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Monga zosiyana kwathunthu ndi shaki yayikulu. Thupi looneka ngati ndudu ndi pulanktophagus, lofanananso ndi njira yodyetsera kuti bondo lipere.

Banja losangalatsa kwambiri lalaminoid ndi a Skapanorinhovy kapena a goblin shark (shark-brownie). Awa ndi nsomba zakale kwambiri, zosowa komanso zophunziridwa bwino, zomwe zimalira mwachangu ndi nsagwada mpaka kutsogolo.

Zonsezi zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizosiyana kwambiri ndizophatikiza ndizodziwika pakapangidwe ka thupi ndi kufanana kwakukulu pamlingo wamtundu.

Onani vidiyoyi - Goblin Shark:

Gulu la Wobbegong-ngati (Orectolobiformes)

Chidacho chikuphatikiza mabanja 7.

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yozungulira yozungulira thupi, mutu, zipsepse komanso kusalala kwa mawonekedwe, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri owoneka ngati shaki.

Ambiri mwa mamembala achinyengowa amakhala ndi moyo wotsika kwambiri, ndipo ndiinsomba zazikulu kwambiri zamakono, zomwe ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Zimadyanso nyama zosiyanasiyana za planktonic ndi nsomba zazing'ono zophunzitsira.

Onani vidiyoyi - Kusaka Wobbegong Shark Carpet:

Sawtooth order (Pristiophoriformes)

Gulu la asodzi enieni, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi kubowoleza kwakutali ndi mano akulu.

Mosadziwa, nsomba zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera ndi nsomba ya stingray-saw.

Kuphatikiza pa kunjenjemera kwa xiphoid, nthumwi zoyimira zili ndi zizindikiritso zapadera: kupezeka kwa tinyanga yayitali pansi pa kakhosi, kukhala gawo limodzi mwazinthu zowoneka bwino, komanso kusapezeka kwa anal fin.

Monga shark onse apansi, ma pilonos apanga zophukira - gawo lothandizira kupuma.

Onerani kanema wonena za shaki:

Gulu la squatiformes

Oyimira gulu lino alinso ndi mawonekedwe apanyama oyipa kwambiri, omwe amakumbukira kwambiri mbola.

Koma kufanana kwake sikwachilendo. Nsomba izi ndi asodzi enieni okhala ndi mawonekedwe a morphological apadera kwa iwo. Thupi lathyathyathya ndi zipsepse zokulira zinabuka munthawi ya kusinthika ngati kusintha kwa moyo wotsika.

Onerani kanema - Angel Shark:

1. EP - gulu la epipelagic

Mulinso nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zokhala ndi moyo komanso za ovoviviparous zomwe zimapezeka kunyanja kutali ndi gombe pakuya kwa mamita 100 mpaka 300.

Muli magulu awiri ochepa: EP1 - kudya kwa plankton pogwiritsa ntchito kusefera kwamadzi ndi EP2 - owopsa.

Oimira EP1 ndiye agulu akulu, achimphona komanso akulu kwambiri kuposa onse shaki ndipo, makamaka, nsomba - shark whale. Zojambula zawo, monga “ukonde wosaka,” zosefera madzi am'nyanja, zimatenga chilichonse chofunikira kuchokera pamenepo.

EP2 imaphatikizapo buluu, nkhandwe, shaki za herring.

2. N - neritic, kapena gulu la alumali

Muli shaki zokhala ndi moyo kapena zokhala ndi shaki zazitali kutalika kwa mita 1-3, zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja pamalo osaya,koma nthawi zina timasambira kutali kupita kunyanja kapena mitsinje yayikulu.

Mwachitsanzo, asodzi amphaka amphaka amatha kusambira kwambiri kumtunda ndipo amatha kupanga magulu okhazikika pamenepo. Amadyetsa nsomba kusukulu. Kwenikweni, m'gululi, shaki ochokera ku dongosolo la Karhariformes.

3. P - gulu la nsomba zamchere zatsopano zomwe zili pafupi ndi neritic

Nthawi zambiri, kukhala m'madzi oyera kwa shaki kumakhala kwakanthawi ndipo kumachitika pamene mitundu ya m'madzi imasambira mkamwa mwamtsinje ndi madzi abwino kapena pang'ono. Izi ndi mitundu 20 yaimvi, mustel ndi prickly shark.

Pali mitundu yomwe imatha kukhala munyanja nthawi zonse ndi mitsinje kapena nyanja yamadzi.

Mitundu yotereyi imatchedwa euryhaline (kuchokera ku Greek "eurys" - lonse ndi halinos - amchere), ndiye kuti, amasinthidwa ndikukhala mumchere wamadzi ambiri.

Izi zimaphatikizapo shark yovuta, yomwe imakhalanso shaki ya ng'ombe, yomwe imapezeka ku South America Amazon, Indian Ganges, African Zambezi, komanso ku Central American Lake Nicaragua.

Mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya a shaki nthawi zonse imakhala m'madzi abwino. Mwachitsanzo, mumtsinje wa Ganges mutha kukumana ndi nthumwi ya banja la shaki laimvi - shaki yaku India.

Mbawala zamchere zoyera zimakonda madzi ofunda a m'chigawo chomvekera ndi kotentha. Malo akutali kwambiri kumpoto komwe amapezeka ndi mitsinje ya Portugal ndi North America. Kukula kwake kumakhala kwakukulu pafupifupi (1-3 metres). M'mapangidwe ake mulibe kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku mitundu ya nyama zam'madzi.

7. D - gulu la achinyamata achamba

Ana achichepere ang'ono ang'onoang'ono, okhala pansi pafupi ndi gombe, ndiwo ochulukirapo kwambiri mwa anthu ndi mitundu.

Shaki zonsezi zimadziwika ndi thupi lopanikizika kumayendedwe a dorso-m'mimba, zipsepse zamphongo zowonjezereka, komanso kuthamanga kosambira. Amadyetsa ma benthos - zolengedwa pansi.

Gululi lagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• D1 - amphaka amphaka ndi fungo lotukuka kwambiri.
• D2 - shaki zamatamba, momwe mphamvu zonse zimapangidwira bwino, koma makamaka khungu.
• D3 - ma pilonos ndi angelo, akunja akufanana ndi mbola.

10. PP - gulu la shaki-pansigicgic

Amakhala kutali ndi gombe m'mphepete mwa madzi kuzama kosiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo. Gululi limaphatikizapo mitundu ina ya feline, prickly and shark-dzanja lamanja.

Tikuwona kuti mitundu yonse ya akhaki idasinthasintha kukhala ndi moyo mmadera osiyanasiyana am'nyanja ndi nyanja, zomwe ziziwalola kupitiliza kubereka bwino ndikuyenda bwino kwamadzi ambiri, pokhapokha ngati izi zitaletsedwa ndi anthu.

Banja: Carcharhinidae - Shaki za Grey (Shaka za Requiem)

Mtundu: Carcharhinus - Grey Shark

• Mitundu: Carcharhinus acronotus - shark wakuda
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus albimarginatus - Belopera grey shark (Shark-nsapato)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus altimus - Shark yayikulu-mphuno (shark-mphuno)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides - Shaki wachisomo
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos - Shark-Grey Shark (Shaki yachikuda yamiyala)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus amboinensis - Guluguza Wamtundu Wazomera (nkhumba yamaso)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus borneensis - Borneo grey shark (Borneo shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus brachyurus - Shark wamkono (Shaki wamkuwa)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus brevipinna - Shark Wamtundu wamtundu (Spinner shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus cautus - Shy Shark (Shark Shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus cerdale - shaki yaying'ono ya Pacific
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus coatesi - shaki wa Coates
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus dussumieri - shaki ya Coromandel (Shaki yoyera)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus falciformis - Shark shark (shark Silky)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus fitzroyensis - Creek whaler
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus galapagensis - shark wa Galapagos (shark wa Galapagos)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus hemiodon - shaki wa usiku wa ku Indochinese (shaki ya Pondicherry)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus humani - Shark wa Anthu (Shake ya munthu
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus isodon - Shaki Wam'maso-Wamaso (Shark -ino shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus leiodon Garrick - shaki ya Smooth-dzino lakuda
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus leucas - Bull Shark
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus limbatus - shaki yakuda
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus longimanus - shark wautali (Shaki ya Oceanic whitetip shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus macloti - Indian Night Shark (Shark-mphuno yolimba)
• Zomera: Carcharhinus melanopterus - Shark wa usiku wa Malgash (shark wakala wamiyala)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus obscurus - Shark Wamdima (Dusky shark)
• Zomera: Carcharhinus perezi - Shark wa ku Caribbean wa ku Caribbean (shark wa nsomba waku Pacific)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus plumbeus - Shaki ya mtundu wa Grey-buluu (shaki ya Sandbar)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus porosus - Shaki yaying'ono-yaying'ono
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus sealei - Gulitsa-Shark Grey (Shark wakuda)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus signatus - Shaki ya ku Cuba usiku (Shark wa usiku)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus sorrah - Shaki ya Grey-brown (Spot-mchira shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus tilstoni - shark waku Australia
• Mitundu: Carcharhinus tjutjot - shark waku Indonesia wopapatiza (shark whaler shark)
• Zomera: Carcharhinus sp.A - Shaki zazing'ono zonyenga

Chingwe: Galeocerdo - Tiger Shark

• Onani: Galeocerdo cuvier - Tiger shark (Tiger shark)

Chingwe: Glyphis - Shark Grey Shark

• Onani: Glyphis fowlerae - Borneo shark shark (Borneo Mukah shark)
• Mitundu: Glyphis gangeticus - shaki za Gange, shark, kapena Asiaatic shark, kapena shaki ya Indian river shark (Ganges shark)
• Onani: Glyphis garricki - North river shark
• Mitundu: Glyphis glyphis - wamba Grey Shark (Spear-dzino shark)
• Zomera: Glyphis siamensis - shark wa m'madzi oyera a Irrawaddy (shark mtsinje wa Irrawaddy)

Mtundu: Isogomphodon - Olozera Shark

• Mitundu: Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus - Spiky Nose Shark (Dagger-nose shark)

Mtundu: Lamiopsis - Wide-Shark

• Mitundu: Lamiopsis temminckii - Broad-shark (Broad-fin shark)
• Mitundu: Lamiopsis tephrodes - Borneo Broad-shark (Borneo Broadfin shark)

Mtundu: Loxodon - Scaly-eyed Grey Shark

• Mitundu: Loxodon macrorhinus - Shaki yaimaso achimaso (Shit-eye shark)

Mtundu: Nasolamia - White Shark

• Mitundu: Nasolamia velox - Panamanan White Shark (White-nose shark)

Chingwe: Negaprion - Tooth Shark

• Mitundu: Negaprion acutidens - Madagascar Sharp Tooth Shark (Shark-fin mandimu shark)
• Mitundu: Negaprion brevirostris - Shaki ya mandimu (shimoni wa mandimu)

Mtundu: Prionace - Blue Shark

• Mitundu: Prionace glauca - Shaki wabuluu, kapena shaki wabuluu, kapena mocha (Blue shark)

Mtundu: Rhizoprionodon - Shark wautali

• Mitundu: Rhizoprionodon acutus - Shark wa nthawi yayitali (Mkaka shark)
• Mitundu: Rhizoprionodon lalandii - shark wautali wakuBrazil (shark wakulengela wakuBrazil)
• Mitundu: Rhizoprionodon longurio - Panama Long-Mouth Shark (Pacific sharpnose shark)
• Mitundu: Rhizoprionodon oligolinx - Grey Longnose Shark (Grey sharpnose shark)
• Mitundu: porizus ya Rhizoprionodon - shaki ya ku Caribbean
• Mitundu: Rhizoprionodon taylori - shark waku Australia
• Mitundu: Rhizoprionodon terraenovae - shaki wamtali waku America (shaki yakutsogolo ya Atlantic)

Mtundu: Scoliodon - shaki za mtundu wachikasu

• Zomera: Scoliodon laticaudus - Shark wotchedwa (Waloza mphuno)
• Mitundu: Scoliodon macrorhynchos - shark wa Pacific wachikasu (Pacific spadenose shark)

Mtundu: Triaenodon - Reef Shark

• Mitundu: Triaenodon obesus - Reef Shark (White-tip reef shark)

Banja: Hemigaleidae - Shark-Eyed Shark (Weasel shark)

Mtundu: Chaenogaleus - Shark-toed Shark

• Mitundu: Chaenogaleus macrostoma - shaki wokhala ndi maso akulu owala, kapena shaki yayikulu ya Indian Ocean, kapena shark wamkulu wa eyala (Hook-dzino shark)

Mtundu: Hemigaleus - Big-Eyed Shark

• Mitundu: Hemigaleus australiensis shark waku Australia (wokhala ndi shaki)
• Mitundu: Hemigaleus microstoma - Shaki wa Indo-Malayan shark (Sickle-fin weasel shark)

Chingwe: Hemipristis - Indian Grey Shark

• Mitundu: Hemipristis elongata - shaki wa India (Shark-dzino shark)

Chingwe: Paragaleus - Shows

• Zomera: Paragaleus leucolomatus - Belopera wokhala ndi strark (White-tip weasel shark)
• Mitundu: Paragaleus pectoralis - shaki yokhala ndi miyala yotchedwa Atlantic shark, kapena shaki yamamba achikasu (shaki ya Atlantic weasel)
• Zomera: Paragaleus randalli - Wokongola Kwambiri Wamphamvu Shark (Wowonda shambuyo)
• Zomera: Paragaleus tengi - shark Wamtambo waku China (shorts-weasel shark)

Banja: Proscylliidae - Wodzivula Amphaka Amphaka

Chingwe: Ctenacis - Harlequin Shark

• Mitundu: Ctenacis fehlmanni - Chikhalidwe cha ku Somalia cha Harlequin Shark (cha Harlequin catshark)

Mtundu: Eridacnis - Tape Shark

• Mitundu: Eridacnis barbouri - Shark wa ku Cuba, kapena shark wa ku Cuba, kapena shark wakuthwa kwamkaka wakuboola (woyang'anira wa ku Cuban ribbontail)
• Mitundu: Eridacnis radcliffei - Indian Ribbon Shark (Pygmy ribbontail catshark)
• Zomera: Eridacnis sinuans - South African Ribbon Shark (African ribbontail catshark)
• Mitundu: Eridacnis sp.X - Philippine Ribbon Shark (Philippines ribbontail catshark)

Mtundu: Proscyllium - Shows Cat Cat

• Mitundu: Proscyllium hab audi - Wodzivula wamphaka wamphaka (Wamphaka wamtchire)
• Zomera: Proscyllium magnificum - India tabby cat shark (Magnificent catshark)
• Mitundu: Proscyllium venustum - Pacific watby shark (Pacific catshark)

Banja: Pseudotriakidae - Zizindikiro zabodza

Chingwe: Gollum - New shark zodziwika

• Mitundu: Gollum attenuatus - Wachisomo Chabodza Shark (Wowonda osalala)
• Mitundu: Gollum suluensis - Sul pseudo mwezi shark (Sulu gollumshark)
• Mitundu: Gollum sp.B - Spotted-shark (White-chizindikiro gollumshark)

Chingwe: Planonasus - Pseudomonas shaki

• Zotengera: Planonasus parini - Catwark wabodza

Mtundu: Pseudotriakis - Shine Wam'manja Wabwino

• Mitundu: Pseudotriakis microdon - Shine Wamlomo Wapamwamba (Mtengo wabodza)

Banja: Scyliorhinidae - Cat Shark (Catshark)

Mtundu: Apristurus - Amphaka Amphaka

• Mitundu: Apristurus albisoma - Catshark Woyera wazaka
• Mitundu: Apristurus ampliceps - Wotupa pakhungu
• Mitundu: Apristurus aphyode - Phantom Cat Shark (White ghost cat)
• Mitundu: Apristurus australis - Nosed Cat Shark (Pinocchio catshark)
• Zomera: Apristurus breviventralis - Fry cat shark (Short-belly catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus brunneus - Brown mphaka
• Mitundu: Apristurus bucephalus - Big-head catshark
• Mitundu: Apristurus canutus - Antilles mphaka wakuda (Hoary catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus exsanguis - Lazy Cat Shark (Flaccid catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus fedorovi - Catshark wa Fedorov
• Mitundu: Apristurus garricki - dzina lachifumu la Garrick
• Mitundu: Apristurus gibbosus - Humpback catshark
• Zotengera: Apristurus herklotsi - Philippine wakuda amphaka (Shaki yayitali)
• Zomera: Chizindikiro cha Apristurus - Indian Black Cat Shark (Cat-shark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus internatus - Cat -ark yamphuno yaifupi
• Mitundu: Apristurus kufufuza - Broad-mphuno catshark
• Zomera: Apristurus japonicus - Shaki wakuda waku Japan (mphaka wachika Japan)
• Mitundu: Apristurus kampae - California Black Cat Shark (Cat-shark wa mphuno yaitali)
• Zomera: Apristurus laurussonii - Shaki wakuda waku Iceland (shaka waku Czech)
• Mitundu: Apristurus longicephalus - Shaki yayikulu yamphaka yakuda
• Mitundu: Apristurus macrorhynchus - Mkati Wamtundu Wautali Wamphaka
• Mitundu: Apristurus macrostomus - Shaki yotulutsa pakamwa yotsegula (Broad-mouth catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus manis - Ghost wakachaka wakamba (Ghost catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus melanoasper - Mkati mwakuya wamasamba
• Mitundu: Apristurus microps - Katsamba kakang'ono ka maso
• Zomera: Apristurus micropterygeus - Narrow-fin cat shark (Small-dorsal catshark)
• Zomera: Apristurus nakayai - Shaki wamaso amphaka (Mkaka wamaso wamkaka)
• Zomera: Apristurus nasutus - Wokhala wamphaka wamphaka wakuda (Ng'ombe yayikulu ya mphuno)
• Zomera: Apristurus parvipinnis - Shaki wamkango wamfupi
• Mitundu: Apristurus pinguis - Fat catshark
• Mitundu: Apristurus platyrhynchus - Shark wakuda wamphaka wakuda (Borneo catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus profundorum - Humpback Shark, kapena Deep-water catshark
• Mitundu: Apristurus riveri - Cuban Black Cat Shark (Broad-gill catshark)
• Zomera: Apristurus saldanha - Shark wakuda waku South Africa (Saldanha catshark)
• Zomera: Apristurus sibogae - Makassar Black Cat Shark (Pale catshark)
• Mitundu: Apristurus sinensis - Wachinayi Wakumphaka Wamphaka (South China catshark)
• Zotengera: Apristurus spongiceps - Spongy wakuda shaki (Sponge-head catshark)
• Zomera: Apristurus stenseni - Panama Black Cat Shark (Panama ghost catshark)
• Mitundu: Chatsopano cha Apristurus sp.X Galbraith
• Wowona: Apristurus sp.3 - Ink ndi wakamba wamphaka wamphaka (Black chishaki)

Mtundu: Asymbolus - Shaka Zomwe Zaphulika ku Australia

• Mitundu: Asymbolus analis - Mkulu wowoneka wa ku Australia
• Mitundu: Asymbolus funebris - Spotted Cat Shark (Maloboti wakhungu)
• Mitundu: Asymbolus galacticus - Shact Shark wa Galactic (Woyambitsa ndudu)
• Mitundu: Asymbolus occiduus - Mahatchi achizungu
• Nyama: Asymbolus pallidus - Mtundu wowonda
• Zotengera: Asymbolus parvus - Dwarf cat cat shark (Dwarf catshark)
• Mitundu: Asymbolus rubiginosus - Catshark wowona
• Mitundu: Asymbolus submaculatus - Catshark wosiyanasiyana
• Mitundu: Asymbolus vincenti - Tasmanian Spotted Cat Shark (Gulf catshark)

Mtundu: Atelomycterus - Coral Cat Shark

• Mitundu: Atelomycterus baliensis - Balinese coral cat shark (Bali catshark)
• Zomera: Atelomycterus erdmanni - Wodziwika-wamimba wamphaka wamphaka (Spotted-belly catshark)
• Mitundu: Atelomycterus fasciatus - Shaka wokhala ndi mphaka wamchenga (Shaka lamchenga)
• Zomera: Atelomycterus macleayi - Shaka wa ku Australia wamakedzana (waku Australia wakuwala)
• Mitundu: Atelomycterus marmoratus - Shaka waku India wamphaka (Coral catshark)
• Mitundu: Atelomycterus marnkalha - Catshark yaku Eastern

Mtundu: Aulohalaelurus - Spiny Cat Shark

• Mitundu: Aulohalaelurus kanakorum - Caledonia yamphaka wamakedzana (Kanakorum catshark)
• Mitundu: Aulohalaelurus labiosus - Mphaka wamachaka wakuda (shaki wamphaka wakuda)

Choyambitsa: Bythaelurus - Amphaka Amphaka Amdima

• Mitundu: Bythaelurus alcockii - Catshark waku Arabia
• Zomera: Bythaelurus canescens - Twilight Cat Shark (Dusky catshark)
• Mitundu: Bythaelurus clevai - Broad-head catshark
• Mitundu: Bythaelurus dawsoni - Newfish cat shark (New Zealand catshark)
• Onani: Bythaelurus giddingsi - Galapagos cat shark (Galapagos catshark)
• Zomera: Bythaelurus hispidus - Bristly cat shark (Bristly catshark)
• Zomera: Bythaelurus immaculatus - Monotonous Cat Shark (Spot-zochepa catshark)
• Mitundu: Bythaelurus incanus - Grim Cat Shark (Sombre catshark)
• Mitundu: Bythaelurus lutarius - Shaka Yachika Paka (Mtambo wamatope)
• Zomera: Bythaelurus naylori - Tawny cat shark (Dusky-snout catshark)
• Mitundu: Bythaelurus tenuicephalus - Katundu wakutsogolo wamkati

Mtundu: Cephaloscyllium - Big Shark

• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium albipinnum - swellshark yoyera
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium cooki - Swark Shark-White-Swark Shark (Swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium fasciatum - Shaki-yozungulira yamutu (Shark-swarkshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium formosanum - Shark Swelling Shark (Formosa swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum - Australia (Striped Great Shark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium isabellum - Shark-shark, kapena Dark shark, kapena shark-mutu waku Japan (Draughtsboard shark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium laticeps - ku Australia Great-Shark (swellshark yaku Australia)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium pardelotum - Shark-mutu shark (Leopard-swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium pictum - Shark wamitu yayikulu-yayikulu (Wolemba swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis - Malaika Wamasamba Akuwongola Kwambiri (Sarawak pygmy swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium signourum - Wide-taove Doveshark
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium silasi - Indian Great Shark (Indian swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium speccum - Wotulutsa shark wamkulu (Wotchedwa swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium stevensi - Swellshark ya Steven
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium sufflans - Wodziwika ndi shark wamkulu (Balloon shark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium umbratile - shark-head shark (Blotchy swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium mosagatum - Brokeback Shark (Sad Swledshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium ventriosum - Kalifornian shark, kapena Kalifornian shark-shark (Swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium zebrum - Shark-head swelling shark (Narrow-bar swellshark)
• Mitundu: Cephaloscyllium sp. 1 - Shark yotupa yaku Philippines (Philippines swellshark)

Mtundu: Cephalurus - Shark-wamkulu Shark

• Mitundu: Cephalurus cephalus - shark wamkulu wa kuCaliforni (Lollipop catshark)

Mtundu: Figaro - Sawtails

• Wowona: Figaro boardmani - Katolika waku Australia
• Mitundu: Figaro striatus - Katundu waku North saw

Chingwe: Galeus - Sawtails

• Zomera: Galeus antillensis - Antilles Sawtail (Antilles catshark)
• Zotengera: Galeus arae - Mphaka wamsika
• Mitundu: Galeus atlanticus - sawotcha ya Atlantic
• Mitundu: Galeus cadenati - Chopanga patali chautali
• Zomera: Galeus Eastmani - Chinese Sawtail (Gecko catshark)
• Wowona: Galeus gracilis - Wosangalatsa Wachisawawa (Wachifundo cha masheya)
• Mitundu: Galeus longirostris - Maso aatali a mphuno
• Mitundu: Galeus melastomus - Spanish Sawtooth Shark, kapena Cat-shark wakuda
• Mitundu: Galeus mincaronei - Sakatoni yakumwera
• Mitundu: Galeus murinus - Sawtail ya ku Iceland (Mphegi yamoto)
• Zomera: Galeus nipponensis - Japan Sawtail (Broad-fin sawark catchark)
• Mitundu: Galeus piperatus - California Sawtail (Peppered catshark)
• Zotengera: Galeus polli - Katolika wa ku Africa
• Zotengera: Galeus priapus - Wowonda Wakuwala (Phallic catshark)
• Zomera: Galeus sauteri - Taiwan Sawtail (Chitsamba chakuda)
• Zomera: Galeus schultzi - Philippine Sawtail (Dwarf sawtail catshark)
• Mitundu: Galeus springeri - Wogulitsa matcha a Springer

Mtundu: Halaelurus - Shot Spotted

• Mitundu: Halaelurus boesemani - Freckled Shark (Wogulitsa wamkaka)
• Mitundu: Halaelurus buergeri - shark waona waku Japan, kapena Burger cat shark (wakuda wakuda)
• Mitundu: Halaelurus lineatus - Wodula Wamphaka Wamtambo (Wotcha wamphaka)
• Mitundu: Halaelurus maculosus - Shark wa ku Indonesia wodziwika (chishithi cha ku Indonesia)
• Zomera: Halaelurus natalensis - Tiger owonera shark (Tiger catshark)
• Zomera: Halaelurus quagga - Spotted quagga shark (Quagga catshark)
• Zomera: Halaelurus selus - Shark wodziwika wamkaka (Rusty catshark)

Mtundu: Haploblepharus - Shark waku South Africa

• Mitundu: Haploblepharus edwardsii - Viper South African Cat Shark (Puffadder shyshark)
• Mitundu: Haploblepharus fuscus - brown South African Cat Shark (brown shyshark)
• Mitundu: Haploblepharus kistnasamyi - Quasul Cat Shark (Natasha shark)
• Onani: Haploblepharus pictus - Namibian cat shark (Wamanyazi wamdima)

Mtundu: Holohalaelurus - African Spotted Shark

• Mitundu: Holohalaelurus favus - Shaka Yamasamba Otetezedwa (Chisa cha uchi)
• Mitundu: Holohalaelurus grennian - Shark Yofalikira
• Mitundu: Holohalaelurus melanostigma - Wogulitsa Spotted Shark (Wulira catshark)
• Mitundu: Holohalaelurus punctatus - Shaka Yofalikira ya ku Africa (Chizungu choyera)
• Mitundu: Holohalaelurus regani - Shaki ya Spani ya Spang (Izak catshark)

Mtundu: Parmaturus - Feline Shark-Parmaturus

• Mitundu: Parmaturus albimarginatus - White-tip catshark
• Mitundu: Parmaturus albipenis - Condom Shark-Parmaturus (White-clasper catshark)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus bigus - Beige shark-parmaturus (Beige catshark)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus campechiensis - Yucatan Feline Shark-Parmaturus (Campeche catshark)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus lanatus - Velvet shark-parmaturus (Velvet catshark)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus macmillani - catshark wa McMillan
• Mitundu: Parmaturus melanobranchus - South China Feline Shark-Parmaturus (wakuthengo wakuda)
• Zomera: Parmaturus pilosus - Japan Feline Shark-Parmaturus (Salamander catshark)
• Zotengera: Parmaturus xaniurus - California Feline Shark Parmaturus (Cat-mchira wowonda)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus sp. 1 - Humpback Fell Shark-Parmaturus (Woyambitsa-cheza kumbuyo)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus sp.2 - Mphaka wa ku Indonesia shark-parmaturus (Indonesia)
• Mitundu: Parmaturus sp.3 - Mphaka wa ku Mexico shark-parmaturus (Gulf of Mexico filetail catshark)

Chingwe: Pentanchus - Amphaka Amphaka Amodzi

• Mitundu: Pentanchus profundicolus - Cat-shark-One

Mtundu: Poroderma - Shachiki ya Fachiano ya Mustachioed

• Mitundu: Poroderma africanum - Amphaka amphaka amphaka wamkulu, kapena wamamba wamphaka wa ku Africa (Wamamba wamtambo)
• Mitundu: Poroderma pantherinum - Leopard whiskered cat shark (Leopard catshark)

Chingwe: Schroederichthys - Spotted Feline Shark

• Mitundu: Schroederichthys bivius -
• Mitundu: Schroederichthys chilensis - Shaki wamphaka waku Chile, kapena shaki wa ku Chile (shaki yofiyira)
• Mitundu: Schroederichthys maculatus - Wodziwika ndi mphaka wa mphaka (Narrow-mchala wa mphaka)
• Mitundu: Schroederichthys saurisqualus - Lizard catshark
• Mitundu: Schroederichthys tenuis - Slender catshark

Mtundu: Scyliorhinus - Cat Shark

• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus besnardi - Uruguayan Cat Shark (Polkadot Catshark)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus boa - nsomba zamkati zamakungwa ku Caribbean (Boa catshark)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus cabofriensis - shaki wamphaka waku Brazil
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus canicula, kapena shaki wamba yamphaka, kapena shaki yaying'ono yamawanga, kapena shaki yamphaka ku Europe, kapena galu wam'nyanja (
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus capensis - shark wa feline waku South Africa, kapena chizindikiro cha mtundu wa Yellow
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus cervgon - Catshark waku West Africa
• Zomera: Scyliorhinus comoroensis - Shaka wa ku Comorian shark (Comoro catshark)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus garmani - Catshark wowona malo
• Zomera: Scyliorhinus haeckelii - Mkulu wa ku Brazil Shaka (Shaka wam'mbuyo)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus hesperius - Central American Cat Shark (White-setdled catshark)
• Onani: Scyliorhinus meadi - Shaki wa ku Bahamian (Shaka wosavomerezeka)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus retifer - Mphaka wamphaka, kapena galu wamkati, kapena shaki yaku Mexico
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus stellaris - Katswiri wamphaka wamkati, kapena shaki wamkulu wamphaka, kapena galu wam'nyanja (Nursehound)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus tokubee - Izu catshark
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus torazame - Japan Cat Shark (Wamambo wamkulu)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus torrei - Cuba wa shaki, kapena Florida shaki (Dwarf catshark)
• Zomera: Scyliorhinus ugoi - Shark wamphaka wamtundu wa (Shaki yamtambo yoyera)
• Mitundu: Scyliorhinus sp.X - Catshark wa Oakley

Banja: Sphyrnidae - Hammerhead asodzi

Chingwe: Eusphyra - Nsomba yayikulu pamutu

• Mitundu: Eusphyra blochii - nsomba yozungulira yozungulira yopanda (mapiko a shark)

Mtundu: Sphyrna - nsomba za Hammerhead, kapena shaki zamkati

• Mitundu: Eusphyra blochii - Shark wamkulu wamutu wopindika (Winghead Shark)
• Mitundu: Sphyrna corona - Scalloped bonnethead
• Mitundu: Sphyrna lewini - nsomba ya bronze hammerhead (Scammoped hammerhead)
• Zomera: Sphyrna media - Panama-Nyanja yamchere ku shark (Scoop-head hammerhead)
• Mitundu: Sphyrna mokarran - Giant Hammerhead Shark (Great hammerhead)
• Mitundu: Sphyrna tiburo - Shark-shark-yaying'ono, kapena shark-shark (Bonnethead shark)
• Mitundu: Sphyrna tuding - Wamng'ono-Wamaso Giant Hammerhead Shark
• Mitundu: Sphyrna zygaena - Common Hammerhead Shark (Smooth hammerhead)

Banja: Triakidae - Cunny Shark (Houndshark)

Mtundu: Furgaleus - Mustachioed Cun Shark

• Mitundu: Furgaleus macki - Whiskered Shark (Whiskery shark)

Mtundu: Galeorhinus - Msuzi Shark

• Mitundu: Galeorhinus galeus - Msuzi shark (Tope shark)

Mtundu: Gogolia - Gogolia

• Onani: Gogolia filewoodi - Gogolia (Sail-back houndshark)

Mtundu: Hemitriakis - Msuzi Shark

• Mitundu: Hemitriakis abdita - Illlefin houndshark yozama yamadzi
• Mitundu: Hemitriakis complicofasciata - Msuzi Wopanda Spark (Ocellate topeshark)
• Mitundu: Hemitriakis falcata - Msuzi Shark (Sharkle-fin houndshark)
• Mitundu: Hemitriakis indroyonoi - Msuzi Soko waku Indonesia (Shinto waku Indonesia)
• Mitundu: Hemitriakis japanica - Msuzi Wachi Japan
• Mitundu: Hemitriakis leucoperiptera - shark supu shark (White-fin topeshark)

Chingwe: Hypogaleus - Osadziwika

• Zomera: Hypogaleus hyugaensis - Shark-toothed shark (Black-tip tope)

• Onani: Iago garricki - Iago Garrick (Houndshark wamphuno wautali)
• Mitundu: Iago omanensis - Omani Iago, kapena Iago-eyed Iago (Big-eye houndshark)
• Mitundu: Iago sp.A - Aden shark Iago (aden houndshark)

Mtundu: Mustelus - Common Cun Shark

• Mitundu: Mustelus albipinnis - White-marout fin houndshark
• Mitundu: Mustelus antarcticus - shark coon waku Australia (Gummy shark)
• Mitundu: Mustelus asterias - Shark wosalala wosalala (Starry yosalala)
• Zotengera: Mustelus calhungeicus - California Cunny shark, kapena Grey Cunny shark (Grey yosalala-hound)
• Mitundu: Mustelus canis - American Cun Shark, kapena American Dog Shark (Dusky yosalala-hound)
• Zotengera: Mustelus canis insularis - Caron Shark ya ku Caribbean (Caribbean yosalala)
• Mitundu: Mustelus dorsalis - Peruvian Cun Shark (Diso lakuthwa-dzino)
• Mitundu: Mustelus fasciatus - Wowoneka m'mizere wowoneka bwino wamkati (Wamizeremizere yosalala)
• Mitundu: Mustelus griseus - Wofalikira Wochepa Shark (Spot-yosalala-hound)
• Mitundu: Mustelus henlei - Brown yosalala
• Mitundu: Mustelus Higmani - Wamng'ono-wosalala
• Mitundu: Mustelus lenticulatus - New Zealand shark (Spotted estuary yosalala-hound)
• Mitundu: Mustelus lunulatus - Shark wooneka ngati wowala (Sickle-fin yosalala)
• Mitundu: Mustelus manazo - Asia Kunya shark, kapena shark waku Japan waku Japan (Wodziwika bwino-bwino)
• Mitundu: Mustelus mabadnsis - Mfish Kunya shark (Mangalore houndshark)
• Mitundu: Mustelus mento - Shinto waku Chile waku Shani (Wotchulidwa posalala)
• Zotengera: Mustelus minicanis - Shark wankhonya wamphesa (wolowerera bwino)
• Mitundu: Mustelus mosis - Shark yosalala wa ku Arabia (Arabia yosalala)
• Zotengera: Mustelus mustelus - European coon shark, kapena galu wamba shark (wamba yosalala-hound)
• Mitundu: Mustelus norrisi - Florida coon shark (Narrow-fin yosalala-hound)
• Zomera: Mustelus palumbes - Cape Cun Shark (Wowoneka bwino-bwino-wozungulira)
• Mitundu: Mustelus punctulatus - Shaki waku Mediterranean coon (Wowoneka bwino bwino)
• Mitundu: Mustelus ravidus - Gray Coony Shark wa ku Australia (waku Australia wosalala)
• Mitundu: Mustelus schmitti - Narrow-noseound hound
• Mitundu: Mustelus sinusmexicanus - Coastal coon shark (Gulf yosalala-hound)
• Mitundu: Mustelus stevensi - shark wa Western wowona
• Onani: Mustelus Walkeri - shark wa kum'mawa
• Mitundu: Mustelus whitneyi - Humpback osaka shark (Humpback yosalala-hound)
• Mitundu: Mustelus widodoi - White-fin yosalala
• Mitundu: Mustelus sp 1 - Sarawak yosalala
• Mitundu: Mustelus sp. 2 - Kermadek coon shark (Kermadec yosalala)

Mtundu: Scylliogaleus - Lilac Shark

• Mitundu: Scylliogaleus quecketti - Lilac Shark (Flap-nose houndshark)

Chingwe: Triakis - shaki zodziwika, kapena nsomba zazodzedwa

• Mitundu: Triakis acutipinna - Ecuadorian chozizwitsa shark (Sharp-fin houndshark)
• Mitundu: Triakis maculata - shaki wa ku Peru, kapena shark waoneke (Spotted houndshark)
• Mitundu: Triakis megalopterus - Cape tripod shark (Sharp-dzino houndshark)
• Mitundu: Triakis scyllium - Shaki yokhala ndi mizere, kapena shaki yakuthwa-yowoneka ngati mkondo (Bed houndshark)
• Mitundu: Triakis semifasciata - shark wa ku California, kapena shark wowoneka bwino (shaki waku Leopard)

Banja: Heterodontidae - Ma Shark Amitundu Iwiri, kapena Bull Shark, kapena Horn shark (Bullhead shark)

Mtundu: Heterodontus - Shark, kapena shaki shaggy, kapena shaki zokhala ndi nyanga

• Mitundu: Heterodontus francisci - California Bull Shark (Horn shark)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus galeatus - Helmeted Bull Shark (Crested bullhead shark)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus japonicus - shark waku Japan (shark waku Japan)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus mexicanus - shark waku Mexico (shinto waku Mexico)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus omanensis - shaki Omani (Omani ng'ombe shark)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus portusjacksoni - Australia Bull Shark, kapena Australia Horned Shark (Port Jackson shark)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus quoyi - Peruvian Bull Shark (Galapagos bullhead shark)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus ramalheira - Malawi Bull Shark (Wodziwika ndi bulonzi wa shangwe)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus zebra - shaki woboola ng'ombe wa ku Zebra, kapena shaki waku China, kapena shaki yokhala ndi zingwe zazifupi (Zebra bullhead shark)
• Mitundu: Heterodontus sp.X - Chinsinsi Chopweteka Chazikulu (Cryptic Hornshark)

Banja: Chlamydoselachidae - shaki

Mtundu: Chlamydoselachus - ogwidwa ndi shark, kapena Plasma

• Mitundu: Chlamydoselachus africana - shark waku Africa
• Mitundu: ChlamydoselachusGHineus - Shark wozizira

Banja: Hexanchidae - shaki zambiri, kapena shaki dzino dzino (Cow shaki)

Mtundu: Heptranchias - Ma Shill Gillers Asanu ndi Awiri, kapena Semi Gobers

• Mitundu: Heptranchias perlo - Shaki zisanu ndi ziwiri zankhondo (Shark-nose sevengill shark)

Chingwe: Hexanchus - Shaki mitu isanu ndi umodzi, kapena shaki zisanu ndi imodzi

• Mitundu: Hexanchus griseus - shark-6, kapena shaki-6 wonenepa, kapena nthambi-sikisi, kapena nthambi ya imvi isanu ndi umodzi (Blunt-nose sixgill shark)
• Mitundu: Hexanchus nakamurai - Bigeyed shill-gill 6

Mtundu: Notorynchus - shaki-zokhala ndi mamba, kapena zozungulira zazitali

• Zotengera: Notorynchus cepedianus - shark-wozungulira wamphongo asanu ndi awiri (Shark-sevengill shark)

Banja: Alopiidae - Fox Shark (Thresher shark)

Mtundu: Alopias - Fox Shark, kapena Foxes Nyanja

• Mitundu: Alopias pelagicus - Pelagic fox shark, kapena Pelagic sea fox (Pelagic thresher shark)
• Mitundu: Alopias superciliosus - shark-eyed fox shark, kapena Big eye eyed sea fox (Big-eye thresher shark)
• Mitundu: Alopias vulpinus - Fox shark, kapena nkhandwe yapanyanja (Thresher shark)

Banja: Lamnidae - shaki za Llama, kapena asodzi akutha (Mackerel shaki)

Mtundu: Carcharodon - Great White Shark

• Mitundu: Carcharodon carcharias - Great White Shark, kapena Carcharodon (Shark Woyera wamkulu)

Mtundu: Isurus - Mako Shark, kapena Grey-Blue Shark

• Mitundu: Isurus oxyrinchus - Mako shark, kapena shaki-wokhala ndi mapiko akuda, kapena shaki ya mackerel, kapena shaki yaimvi yaimvi (Short-fin mako)
• Mitundu: Isurus paucus - Malangizo aatali

Genus: Lamna - Hering Shark

• Mitundu: Lamna ditropis - shark herring Pacific, kapena North Pacific shark, kapena nsomba shark (Salmon shark)
• Mitundu: Lamna nasus - shaki ya ku Atlantic, kapena lamina (Porbeagle shark)

Banja: Odontaspididae - Sand Shark (Sand tiger shark)

Chingwe: Carcharias - Tiger Sand Shark

• Zomera: Carcharias taurus - Common Sand Shark (Sand tiger shark)
• Mitundu: Carcharias tricuspidatus - India tiger sandger

Chingwe: Odontaspis - Sand Shark

• Mitundu: Odontaspis ferox - Shark yaing'ono-mano
• Mitundu: Odontaspis noronhai - shark wamkulu wamaso akuluakulu

Banja: Brachaeluridae - Saddle Shark (Akhungu akhungu)

Chingwe: Brachaelurus - Asodzi achisoni oweta

• Mitundu: Brachaelurus waddi - Spotted Saddle Shark (Blark shark)

Mtundu: Heteroscyllium - shaki zamtundu wamtundu wamtambo wamtambo

• Mitundu: Heteroscyllium colcloughi - Shaki wamtundu wamtambo wamtundu wamtambo (Blue-grey carpetshark)

Banja: Ginglymostomatidae - Whiskered Shark (Nurs shark)

Mtundu: Ginglymostoma - Nanny Shark

• Mitundu: Ginglymostoma cirratum - shambalala wa nanchi shark kapena shark ya namwino (Wamwino shark)
• Mitundu: Ginglymostoma unami - Shark wanesi waku Pacific

Chingwe: Nebrius - Nanny Shark

• Zomera: Nebrius Ferrugineus - Rusty nanny shark (Tawny namwino shark)

Mtundu: Pseudoginglymostoma - Nanny Shark

• Mitundu: Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum - Shark wanthala wamfupi (Shaki wamtundu waifupi)

Banja: Hemiscylliidae - Asia Cat Shark (Bamboo shark)

Mtundu: Chiloscyllium - amphaka amphaka aku Asia, kapena amphaka amphaka

• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium arabicum - Arabian Cat Shark (Arpaan carpetshark)
• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium burmensis - shark bamboo bambo wa Burma (shark bamboo wa Burmese)
• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium caerulopunctatum - Shaki yamphaka ku Madagascar (Bluespotted bamboo shark)
• Zomera: Chiloscyllium griseum - Shaki za bamboo zazimayi (Grey bamboo shark)
• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium hasseltii - shark bamboo wa Hasselt (shark wa bambo wasselt)
• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium chizindikiro - Chisomo cha bamboo Shark (Slender bamboo shark)
• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium plagiosum - Spotted Bamboo Shark (Wowoneka ngati nswala wa White)
• Mitundu: Chiloscyllium punctatum - Shark wokhala ndi bandiwifi

Mtundu: Hemiscyllium - Shaka za ku Indo-Australia

• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium freycineti - Shaki wamphaka waku Indonesia (shark carptshark waku Indonesia)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium galei - Wokongola wa epaulette shark (Cenderawasih epaulette shark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium Hallstromi - Papuan epaulette shark (Papuan epaulette shark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium halmahera - shaki ya Epaulette - salon yokongoletsa tsitsi ((Halmahera epaulette shark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium henryi - Epaulette Shark Henry (Triton epaulette shark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium michaeli - Leopard epaulette shark (Leopard epaulette shark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium ocellatum - Epaulette shark (Epaulette shark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium strahani - Hooded Epaulette Shark (Hooded carpetshark)
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium trispeculare - Carpetshark wamitundu
• Mitundu: Hemiscyllium sp.X - Seychelles epaulette shark (Seychelles carpetshark)

Banja: Oondolaolobidae - Shark Carpet, kapena Wobbegong shark

Mtundu: Eucrossorhinus - Bearded Wobbegongs

• Mitundu: Eucrossorhinus dasypogon - Bearded Wobbegong (Wosokosera)

Chingwe: Orectolobus - Shark Zonyamula

• Mitundu: Orectolobus floridus - Shark-Striped Carpent Shark (Wamaluwa wokhala ndi buluku)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus halei - Wowombeka Wamphaka Wopaka (Wosungidwa)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus hutchinsi - Western Carpet Shark (Western wobbegong)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus japonicus - Shark Wonyamula Japan (Japan wobbegong)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus leptolineatus - Shark wamatope aku Indonesia (Indonesia wobbegong)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus maculatus - Spotted wobbegong, kapena shark carpet waku Australia (Spotted wobbegong)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus ornatus - Wobbegong Wokongoletsedwa (Ornate wobbegong)
• Mitundu: O choyolobus parvimaculatus - shaki yokongoletsa ya phata ((wowona malo wonenepa)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus reticulatus - Net Carpet Shark (Network wobbegong)
• Mitundu: Orectolobus wardi - Wobbegong wa ku Australia waku North (kumpoto kwa nyanja)

Mtundu: Sutorectus - Bumpy Carpet Shark

• Mitundu: Sutorectus tentaculatus - Bumpy Carpet Shark (Cobbler wobbegong)

Banja: Parascylliidae - Collared Shark (Collared carpetshark)

Mtundu: Cirrhoscyllium - Scarf Shark

• Mitundu: Cirrhoscyllium expolitum - Philippinespar Scarf Shark (Barbel-koo carpetshark)
• Zomera: Cirrhoscyllium formosanum - shark waku China waku China
• Mitundu: Cirrhoscyllium japonicum - Japan Scarf Shark (Saddle carpetshark)

Mtundu: Parascyllium - Collar Shark

• Mitundu: Parascyllium collare - Wamizeremizere Wam'mutu Wodziwika (Collared carpetshark)
• Zomera: Parascyllium elongatum - Elongate Collared Shark (Elongate carpetshark)
• Mitundu: Parascyllium ferrugineum - Rusty Collar Shark (Rusty carpetshark)
• Mitundu: Parascyllium sparsimaculatum - Ginger Collar Shark (Ginger carpetshark)
• Mitundu: Parascyllium variolatum - Kusuntha kolala shark (Khosi lakuthwa)

Banja: Pristiophoridae - Sawshark

Mtundu: Pliotrema - Sawtooth Shark

• Mitundu: Pliotrema warreni - Sawtooth Shark, kapena Plyotrem (Sixgill sawshark)

Mtundu: Pristiophorous - Pylons

• Mitundu: Pristiophorus cirratus - Southern Pylonosus (tsamba lalitali lamaso)
• Mitundu: Pristiophorus delicatus - Chopopera cha mitengo
• Zotengera: Pristiophorus japonicus - Wopaka utoto wa ku Japan (shona wa ku Japan)
• Wowona: Pristiophorus lanae - Pylonos of Lana (saw Lark)
• Mitundu: Pristiophorus nancyae - masishala am'madzi aku Africa
• Mitundu: Pristiophorus nudipinnis - Saw Shark waku Australia (shinthi wamkono wamfupi)
• Wowona: Pristiophorus schroederi - Bahamas sawshark
• Mitundu: Pristiophorus peroniensis - Pylonos waku South Australia (Little sawshark)

Banja: Echinorhinidae - shark-spiked, kapena shaki zoletsa (bramble shark)

Mtundu: Echinorhinus - Plaque Shark

• Mitundu: Echinorhinus brucus - shark Plaque, kapena shark-spiked, kapena shaki alligator, kapena crocodile shark (Bramble shark)
• Mitundu: Echinorhinus cookei - Pacific shaki (Prickly shark)

Banja: Oxynotidae - shaki za Triumph, kapena ma centrines (shaki Zovuta)

Chingwe: Oxynotus - shaki za Trierals, kapena ma centrines

• Mitundu: Oxynotus bruniensis - Centrina ya ku Australia (Prickly dogfish)
• Zomera: Oxynotus caribbaeus - Caribbean centrino (Caribbean roughshark)
• Mitundu: Oxynotus centrina - Common centrina, kapena shark nkhumba (Angular roughshark)
• Zomera: Oxynotus japonicus - Japan centrino (wakuyu waku Japan)
• Zomera: Oxynotus paradoxus - Sailing Centrina (Sail-fin roughshark)

Wogwidwa (wonenepa) shaki

Thupi lotha kusinthasintha limakhala lalitali pafupifupi 1.5-2 m. Mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira. Zomwe zimapanga gill zimapanga zikwama zachikopa zomwe zimawoneka ngati chovala. Wotsogola woopsa wazika mu Cretaceous. Shaki amatchedwa fosil wamoyo chifukwa chosakhalako kwa masinthidwe. Dzinalo lachiwiri limalandiridwa m'malo osiyanasiyana pakhungu.

Banja: Centrophoridae - shaki zazifupi, kapena ma shaki (a Gulper shaki)

Chingwe: Centrophorous - Shark wofupikitsa

• Mitundu: Centrophorus acus - Shaki wautali, wamfupi (Pacific gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus atromarginatus - Shark Yofupikitsidwa Pazifupi (shark gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophorous granulosus - Brown Shorthaired Shark (Gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus harrissoni - Shark Wofupikitsa wa ku Australia (Shaki yofinya)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus isodon - Shark wakuda wa gulper
• Mitundu: Centrophorosusitanitan - Shark Yachidule Yofalikira (Shark Wotsala-wotsika pang'ono)
• Zomera: Centrophoro moluccensis shark - Wocheperako-gulper shark
• Mitundu: Centrophorus niaukang - Shark waku East-Throated (Shark waku Eastern gulper)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus robustus - South China Short-Nosed Shark (South China gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus seychellorum - shaki za Seychelles zazifupi-zolimba (shaki ya Seychelles gulper)
• Zomera: Centrophoramu squamosus - Shaki yokhala ndi imvi yofupikitsa (Shaki yokhala ngati gulper)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus tessellatus - shaki yayitali, yodulira pang'ono (Mose gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophoro uyato - Shark Wocheperako-Wofupika (Shaka wa gulper)
• Zomera: Centrophorus westraliensis - Shark Wamadzulo Wam'madzi Wam'madzi (Western gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophorus zeehaani - Shark Wam'manja Wamfupi (Kumwera kwa nsomba)
• Zomera: Centrophorous sp.A - Shark wa Mini-mfupi (Mini gulper shark)
• Mitundu: Centrophorous sp.B - Shaki wokongola wamtali wamfupi (Shark gulper shark)

Chingwe: Deania - Deania, kapena akhwangwala ataliatali

• Mitundu: Deania calcea - Spiny Shark wautali (nsomba yamlomo wamphamvu)
• Mitundu: Deania hystricosa - Spiny Dania (Round longnose dogfish)
• Mitundu: Deania profundorum - Deep Sea Dania, kapena South African Thorn Shark (Arrow-head dogfish)
• Mitundu: Deania quadrispinosum - nsomba zazitali kwambiri

Shaki zazikulu

Zimphona, zopitilira 15 m, zimatenga malo achiwiri pambuyo poti nsomba zazinsomba zikhale zazikulu. Kupaka utoto wonyezimira ndi madontho. Chimakhala m'madzi onse otentha am'nyanja. Osamaika ngozi kwa anthu. Imadyera pa plankton.

Chodabwitsa cha mchitidwewu ndi chakuti shaki imatsegula pakamwa pake, zosefera zikuyenda matani 2000 amadzi pa ola limodzi.

Mako Shark

Pali abale amtundu waufupi komanso abale omalizira. Kuphatikiza pa Arctic, nkhalangoyi imakhala m'nyanja zina zonse. Pansi pa mamita 150 pakuya sikugwa. Makungu wamba amatalika 4 m kutalika ndi 450 kg.

Ngakhale kuti ambiri mitundu ya nsomba zomwe zilipo kale owopsa, mdulidwe wa imvi ndi chida champhamvu chopanda. Amakhala othamanga kwambiri kufunafuna magulu a mackerel, masukulu a tuna, nthawi zina amalumpha pamadzi.

Goblin shark (brownie, chipembere)

Kusodza mwangozi nsomba zomwe sizimadziwika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pafupifupi 1 mita, kudapangitsa asayansi kuzindikira: mitundu ya shaki yomwe yasowa Skapanorinhus, yemwe amadziwika kuti adakhalako zaka 100 miliyoni zapitazo, ali moyo! Kuwombera kwachilendo pamutu kumapangitsa shark kuti iwoneke ngati papypus. Alendo kuyambira kale adapezekanso kangapo patatha zaka pafupifupi 100. Okhala osowa kwambiri.

Banja: Dalatiidae - achiwombera chakumanja, kapena achangu a Dalatali (achina a Kitefin)

Mtundu: Dalatias - Dalatia, kapena Shark Wakumanja

• Zotengera: Dalatiasopano - Black Shark, kapena Dalatia, kapena Shark waku dzanja lamanja la America (Kitefin shark)

Mtundu: Euprotomicroides - Shark Zowala

• Mitundu: Euprotomicroides zelyeschia - Shark wowala bwino (Wachitsulo wowala)

Mtundu: Euprotomicrus - Dwarf Shark

• Mitundu: Euprotomicrus bispinatus - Shark wankhanira (Pygmy shark)

Mtundu: Heteroscymnoides - Shark Spiky Shark

• Mitundu: Heteroscymnoides marleyi - Shark wa m'mphuno wamtundu wautali (shaki ya m'mphuno yayitali)

Mtundu: Isistius - Shark Zoyatsa

• Mitundu: Isistius brasiliensis - Shark Yoyatsa Kwaku Brazil (Shaka wa Cookie)
• Mitundu: Isistius labialis - South China Luminous Shark (South China cookiecutter shark)
• Mitundu: Isistius plutodus - Shark Wowala (Shark-cook cookieecutter shark)

Mtundu: Mollisquama - Malliskwama

• Onani: Mollisquama parini - Shark of Parina, kapena Malliskwama (Pocket shark)

Mtundu: squaliolus - Dwarf Spiny Shark

• Mitundu: squaliolus aliae - Shaki yaing'ono-eye pegmy
• Mitundu: squaliolus laticaudus - shaki yofinya yokhala ngati shark (Spined pygmy shark)

Carpal wobbegong

Mu cholengedwa chachilendo, nkovuta kuzindikira wachibale wa zilombo zam'madzi, zomwe zimawopsa kwa zolengedwa zonse zam'madzi. Zoyipa zam'mlengalenga zimagona m'tulo lodzaza ndi ziphuphu.

Kuzindikira zipsepse, maso ndizovuta kwambiri. Shaki nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mustachioed ndi kumetedwa kuti akhale mphonje m'mphepete mwa mutu. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilendo, ogwera pansi nthawi zambiri amakhala ziweto zam'madzi zoyenda pagulu.

Zebra Shark (Chui)

Mtundu wowona uli ngati kambuku, koma palibe amene adzasinthe dzina lake. Kambuku ya Shark nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madzi ofunda a nyanja, pamtunda wa mamita 60 m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zokongola nthawi zambiri zimagwera m'magulu a ojambula pansi pamadzi.

Mbidzi shaki pa chithunzi akuwonetsa woyimira wa fuko lake. Mizere yosalala ya zipsepse ndi thupi, mutu wozungulira, zotupa zachikopa ndi thupi, komanso tinthu timawoneka bwino. Kwa munthu sikuwonetsa kukwiya.

Pylone Shark

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya oimira gululi ndi njira yokhotakhota yopumira pampando yofanana ndi nkhuni, ya tinyanga yayitali. Ntchito yayikulu ya thupi ndi kusaka zakudya. Amalima dothi pansi ngati akufuna kugwiriridwa.

Pakachitika ngozi, fundani mache, ndikupweteka mabala kwa mdani ndi mano akuthwa. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu ndi mita 1.5 Shaki amakhala m'madzi otentha am'madzi, pafupi ndi South Africa, Japan, Australia.

Ma pilonos okhala ndi fupi

Kutalika kwa msambidwe wa sawtooth ndi pafupifupi 23-24% ya kutalika kwa nsomba. "Maso" wamba "achibale amafikira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi. Mtundu wake ndi wa imvi, mimba ndi yopepuka. Zotsatira zoyipa zimapezeka kuti asodzi akuvulaza ozunzidwa, ndiye kuti adye. Amakhala moyo wapadera.

Gnome Pylonos (African Pylonos)

Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugwira kwa ma pilonos amtali (kutalika kwa thupi lochepera 60 cm), koma kulibe kufotokozedwa kwasayansi. Mitundu ya shaki kukula kwake kakang'ono - rarity. Monga abale, amadzala pansi pamtunda wamchenga.

Flat Shark (squat, angelo papa)

Mawonekedwe a nyamayo amafanana ndi mbola. Kutalika kwa nthumwi zambiri za mtolowo ndi pafupifupi mamita 2. Amagwira ntchito usiku, masana akudziwirira tulo ndi tulo. Amadyetsa zochepa zolengedwa. Shaki za squat sizankhanza, koma zimayankha pazomwe zanyengerera, zomwe zimasiyana.

Squatins amatchedwa ziwanda zamchenga kuti azitha kusaka kuchokera pagulu kutiponya mwadzidzidzi. Kukula kumakhazikika pakamwa.

Zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zachilengedwe, zaka mamiliyoni 400 zomwe zimakhala munyanja, ndizowerengeka komanso zosiyana siyana. Mwamuna amaphunzira dziko la shaki ngati buku losangalatsa ndi mbiri yakale.

Harlequin shark

Harlequin shark Kodi dzina lautundu wabanja la oboola m'mphepete mwaukadaulo. Mitundu iyi imaphatikizapo mtundu wokhawokha wa asodzi aku Somalia. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe tafotokozayi, imadziwika kuti ndi yopanda tanthauzo.

Kutalika kwawo nthawi zambiri sikapitirira 46 cm, mtundu wake ndiwowoneka bwino, wofiirira-wofiyira, thupi limakhala lathanzi, maso ndi opindika, komanso pakamwa patatu. Amakhala kumadzulo kwa Indian Ocean.

Harlequin shark

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mitundu yotereyi idafotokozedwa kokha mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi. Chifukwa chomwe zolengedwa zimabisidwa kwa anthu kwa nthawi yayitali ndizomveka. Amakhala akuya mozama, nthawi zina mpaka 175 m.

Mulimonsemo, apamwamba kuposa 75 m, oimira ang'ono ngati fuko la shaki, monga lamulo, samawuka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba nsomba zoterezi zimagwidwa pagombe la Somalia, pomwe oyimira amitundu adadziwika nalo dzina.

Shaki wamutu wakuda

Zolengedwa izi, zomwe zimakhala zamtundu komanso banja la dzina lomwelo ndi dzina lawo, ndizofunikira m'njira zambiri. Pokhala nsomba zazikuluzikuluzikulu, monga shaki zonse, zimawonetsedwa ngati chinthu, chomwe ndi, moyo womwe sunasinthe kuyambira nthawi zakale zam'mbuyomu, mtundu wa zolengedwa. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zina zakale za kapangidwe kawo. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa msana.

Kuphatikiza apo, maonekedwe a zolengedwa zotere ndizachilendo kwambiri, ndipo mukayang'ana pa iwo mutha kusankha kuti mukuwona njoka zam'madzi, koma osati shaki. Mwa njira, anthu ambiri amaganiza motero. Makamaka moto wankhanira umafanana ndi nyama zapamadzi zomwe zikuwoneka panthawi yomwe zilombo izi zimasaka.

Shaki wamutu wakuda

Ozunzidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zing'onozing'ono za cephalopod. Kuwona nyama ndi kuponyera molunjika, monga njoka, cholengedwa ichi chikugwada ndi thupi lake lonse.

Ndipo nsagwada zake zazitali zam'manja, zokhala ndi mizere yopyapyala ya mano akulu komanso ang'ono, zimasinthidwa kuti zimame lonse lapansi. Maso a bulauni amtundu wa zolengedwa zoterezi kutsogolo ndizakutidwa ndi makutu akhungu lachilendo.

Cholinga chawo ndikubisala mipata yotseguka. Pakhosi, pakumera kwa gill, kuphatikiza, kumakhala ngati mawonekedwe opaka khungu. Zonsezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi chovala, komwe o shaki amatchedwa opunduka. Nyama zotere zimapezeka m'madzi a Pacific ndi Pacific Ocean, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mozama kwambiri.

Wobbegong Shark

Wobbegongs ndi banja lonse la akhaki omwe agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, ndipo adagawidwa mitundu 11. Oimira awo onse amakhalanso ndi dzina lachiwiri: asodzi amapa. Ndipo sizimangowonetsa mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake, ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zolondola kwambiri.

Chowonadi ndichakuti nsomba izi zimangofanana ndi abale awo ambiri ochokera ku fuko la shark, chifukwa thupi la Wobbegongs ndi lathyathyathya modabwitsa. Ndipo chilengedwe chidawadalitsa ndi mitundu yotereyi mwamwayi.

Wobbegong msodzi wapa

Zinyama zodya nyama zam'nyanja ndi zam'nyanja, ndipo zikafuna kusaka, zimakhala zosawonekeratu kuti ndizogwirira ntchito motere. Amalumikizana ndi pansi, pafupi pomwe amayesera kuti azikhalapo, zomwe zimathandizidwanso kwambiri ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa zolengedwa izi.

Amadyetsa nsomba za cuttlefish, octopus, squid ndi nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono. Mutu wozungulira wa Wobbegongs umasandulika kukhala umodzi ndi matupi awo osalala. Maso ang'ono sawoneka bwino pamenepo.

Ziwalo zogwira nthumwi zoimira superorder ya cartilaginous nsomba ndi anyani amphongo omwe amapezeka pamphuno. Ndevu zoseketsa, ndevu ndi ndevu zazimvekere zimakupukutani. Kukula kwa okhala pansi pano kumatengera mitundu. Miyeso ya ena ndi pafupifupi mita. Ena akhoza kukhala okulirapo.

Chojambulira pazachizindikiro ichi ndi chowbegong - chimphona cha mamita atatu. Zinyama zimakonda kukhala m'madzi otentha kapena otentha kwambiri, kwinakwake pafupi.

Amapezeka kwambiri munyanja ziwiri: Pacific ndi Indian. Ochenjera osamala amakhala moyo wawo m'malo obisika pansi pa matanthwe, ndipo ena osiyanasiyana samayesa kuukiranso.

Brownie Shark

Umboni wina wosonyeza kuti dziko la shaki ndi losamveka kusiyanasiyana kwake ndi mtundu wa shaki, wotchedwa shark wa shblin. Mawonekedwe a zolengedwa izi ndi achilendo kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kuyang'ana ngati fuko la shaki mukamayang'ana. Komabe, oimira awa a nyama zam'nyanja amawonedwa kuti ndi otere, ponena za banja la Scapanorinch.

Mitundu ya brownie Shark

Miyeso ya anthu amchere amchereyi ndi pafupifupi mita kapena kupitilira. Phokoso lawo limadaliratu modabwitsa, pomwe akuyamba kupanga fosholo kapena oar. M'munsi mkamwa mwake mumatuluka, muli mano ambiri okhazikika.

Zinthu zoterezi zimawoneka zosasangalatsa, koma zophatikizika ndi zomveka zosamveka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake shaki yotere idalandiridwa ndi mayina omwe atchulidwa kale. Kuti izi ziziwonjezeredwa khungu lodabwitsa kwambiri, la pinki, lomwe cholengedwa chimadziwikiratu ndi zinthu zina zamoyo.

Imakhala yowonekera, kwambiri kotero kuti mitsempha yamagazi imadutsamo. Kuphatikiza apo, poganizira zodabwitsa zake, munthu wokhala munyanja yayikuluyi amasintha kowawa kwambiri pakukwera.

Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, osati maso ake okha, m'lingaliro lenileni, amakwawa kuchokera munjira zawo, komanso mkatikati kudzera pakamwa amatuluka. Cholinga chake ndi kusiyana kwa kupanikizidwa kuzama kwa nyanja ndi pansi pake, zomwe zimakonda kuchita zinthu ngati izi.

Brownie Shark

Koma izi sizinthu zonse zosangalatsa za zolengedwa izi. Awo, omwe atchulidwa kale, mano opindika ali pafupifupi ndendende ndi mano a shaki zoyamba, makamaka popeza shaki za mtunduwu zomwe zimawoneka ngati mizukwa yamakedzana yasungidwa pansi pa nyanja.

Mitundu ya oimira osowa awa a padziko lapansi ndi malire ake sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Koma shaki zanyumba zomwe mwina zimapezeka munyanja zonse, mwina kupatula madzi okha a kumpoto kwa kumpoto.

Mbambo ya nkhandwe

Shaki za banja lino, popanda chifukwa, adalandira dzina loti aphulitsidwe a mnyanja. Mbawala ya nkhandwe ndi cholengedwa china chilichonse chomwe chimatha kulanda mchira wake wachilengedwe.

Kwa iye, iyi ndi chida chovuta kwambiri, chifukwa agwiritsa nawo nsomba zomwe amadya. Ndipo ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pakati pa fuko la shaki, ndi njira yake yosakira, ndiyo yokha ndi yokhayo.

Mbambo ya nkhandwe

Mchira wa cholengedwachi ndi gawo lodabwitsa kwambiri la thupi lomwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja: lobe yapamwamba yakumapeto kwake ndiyotalika modabwitsa komanso kufananiza ndi kukula kwa shaki yokha, ndipo imatha kufikira mamita 5. Komanso, zolengedwa zotere zimakhala ndi mchira wawo mochenjera.

Ziwombankhanga za Fox sizimapezeka m'malo otentha okha, komanso m'madzi opanda phokoso kwambiri. Amakhala ku Pacific Ocean pafupi ndi gombe la Asia, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakonda gombe la North America chifukwa cha zomwe amakhala.

Silika shaki

Cholengedwa chimadziwika kuti ndi banja la achimvi. Mamba a plakoid omwe amaphimba thupi lake ndi ofewa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake shaki ya silika amatchedwa motero. Mtunduwu wochokera ku fuko la shaki umadziwika kuti ndi wofala kwambiri pamadzi ofunda padziko lapansi kulikonse. Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa zotere zimatsika mozama osaposa 50 m ndikuyesera kukhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Silika shaki

Kutalika kwa shaki zotere kuli pafupifupi 2,5 m, misa siyinso yayikulu kwambiri - kwinakwake pafupifupi 300 kg. Mtunduwo ndi wa imvi, koma mthunziwo ndi wokhazikika, umapereka chitsulo. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa shaki zotere ndi: kupirira, kumva kwambiri, chidwi komanso kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe. Zonsezi zimathandiza zilombo zoterezi kusaka.

Atayang'anizana ndi masukulu a nsomba panjira, amangopitilira kuyenda mwachangu, ndikutsegula pakamwa pawo. Tuna ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri. Makamaka anthu samazunza shaki zotere. Koma anthu angapo, pakachitika mkwiyo wawo, ayenera kusamala ndi mano akuthwa awa.

Mzere waku Atlantic

Shaki yotereyi imadzitcha mayina ambiri. Mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mayina ndi "porpoise". Ngakhale mawonekedwe a zolengedwa zam'mawawa, kwa shaki ayenera kuwonedwa koposa momwe kuliri si kwachibadwa.

Thupi lawo monga mawonekedwe a torpedo, lalitali, zipsepse zimapangidwa bwino, pakamwa pamakhala pakamwa lalikulu, monga momwe amayembekezeredwa, ali ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri, mchira womala ngati mawonekedwe a crescent. Maso a cholengedwa choterocho ndi amtambo, amaso akulu akuda. Kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi pafupifupi 3 m.

Mtundu wa hering'i waku Atlantic

Khalidwe la asodzi oterowo ndi mayendedwe osakhalitsa omwe amachokera nthawi yobadwa mpaka nthawi ya kufa. Umu ndi momwe alili komanso mawonekedwe ake. Ndipo zimafa, ndikupita pansi pa nyanja.

Amakhala, monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, m'madzi a Nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mbali zake kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Nyama ya amphaka imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino, ngakhale kufunikira kwake koyeserera asanadye kulipobe.

Bahamas matchuni

Mitundu ya asodzi otere, a banja la pilonos, ndiyosowa kwenikweni. Ndipo mitundu ya nyama zam'madziyi ndiyocheperako pang'ono. Zimapezeka mu Nyanja ya Caribbean, komanso m'malo ochepa, pamalo pakati pa Bahamas archpelago, Florida ndi Cuba.

Shaki za ku Bahamian shark

Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha asodzi otere, chomwe chinakhala chifukwa cha dzinali, chimakhala chamtali ndipo chimatha kutalika kotalika komanso kotalika. Mutu wa zolengedwa zoterezi ndi wotambasulidwa komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, thupi limakhala loonda, lalitali, komanso loyera.

Zamoyo zotere zimagwiritsa ntchito kutuluka kwawo, komanso zingwe zazitali kukasaka chakudya. Zakudya zawo sizosiyana kwenikweni ndi mamembala ambiri a fuko la shaki. Muli: shrimp, squid, crustaceans, komanso nsomba zazing'ono za bony. Kukula kwa shaki nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 80 cm, ndipo kumakhala kwakukulu.

Banja: Etmopteridae - shaki zamankhwala, kapena achinthi owunikira (achinyamatawa)

Chingwe: Aculeola - Shark

• Mitundu: Aculeola nigra - Black Shark (Hook-dzino mbwa)

Mtundu: Centroscyllium - Amphaka Amphaka

• Mitundu: Centroscyllium Exelsum - High-fin dogfish
• Mitundu: Centroscyllium nsaluii - Black Dogfish
• Mitundu: Centroscyllium granulatum - Granular dogfish
• Mitundu: Centroscyllium kamoharai - Mkango Wamtundu Wakuda wa Kamokhara (Bare-chikopa cha nsomba)
• Mitundu: Centroscyllium nigrum - Mkango Wamkazi Wam'maso (Comb-dzino mbwa)
• Mitundu: Centroscyllium ornatum - Shququite mbwa wa Exquisite (Ornate dogfish)
• Zomera: Centroscyllium ritteri - Shark-White-shark (White-fin dogfish)

Chingwe: Etmopterus - Black Shark, kapena Thorny Shark

• Mitundu: Etmopterus baxteri - New Zealand Black Shark (New Zealand lanternshark)
• Onani: Etmopterus benchleyi - Ninja Shark (Ninja lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus bigelowi - Flabby Black Shark (Blurred lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus brachyurus - Shark wamkono wamfupi (Chofupikitsa mchaka wamkono)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus bullisi - Striped Spiny Shark (Linedernshark)
• Zomera: Etmopterus burgessi - Broad -outout shark wakuda (Broad-snout lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus carteri - Cylindrical Black Shark (Cylindrical lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus caudistigmus - Shark wakuda shark (Mchira wa malo achitetezo)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus compagnoi - Brown shark wakuda (Brown lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus decacuspidatus - Wakuda Wakuda wankhonya (Shonje-dzino lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus dianthus - Pinki Shark (Pinki larkernshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus dislineatus - Mphete Wakuda Wosasenda (Lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus evansi - Shark wamkamwa wakuda (mkamwa wakuda)
• Zomera: Etmopterus fusus - Shaki yakuda yakuwala (Pygmy lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus gracilispinis - Shark wakuda shark (Broad-banded lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus granulosus - Southern Black Shark (South lanternshark)
• Zomera: Etmopterus hillianus - Caribbean Black Shark (Mafuta aku Caribbean)
• Zotengera: Etmopterus joungi - Shark wakuda wamfupi (chofewa chowoneka bwino)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus litvinovi - Shark wamaso amtundu wamtundu (lanternshark wamaso amaso)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus lucifer - Woyaka Wakuda Wampaka (Mkanda wakuda)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus molleri - Molark's Black Shark (lanternshark ya Moller)
• Zomera: Etmopterus perryi - Wocheperako Wamng'ono (Shambalala wakuda)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus polli - shark wakuda waku Africa (lanternshark wa ku Africa)
• Zomera: Etmopterus princeps - Great Black Shark (Great lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus - Shark Black Shark (zabodza lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus pusillus - Crow Shark (Smooth lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus pycnolepis - Shaki yakuda ya Emery (Dense-lanternshark)
• Zomera: Etmopterus robinsi - West Indian Black Shark (West Indian lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus schultzi - Fringed Black Shark (Fringe-fin lanternshark)
• Zomera: Etmopterus chosema - Shark wakuda (Sculpted lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus sentosus - Horned Black Shark (Thorny lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus spinax - Shark wa Usiku, kapena Black prickly shark (Velvet-belly lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus splendidus - Pacific Black Shark (Splendid lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus tasmaniensis - Tasmanian Etmopterus (lanternshark waku India)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus unicolor - Bristled Black Shark (Bristled lanternshark)
• Wowona: Etmopterus viator - Woyendetsa shark wakuda (Woyenda
• Mitundu: Etmopterus villosus - shaki wakuda waku Hawaii, kapena shark wa ku Hawaiiian (lanternshark waku Hawaii)
• Zomera: Etmopterus virens - Green Spiny Shark (Green lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus sp.A - Shadin spiny shark (Guadalupe lanternshark)
• Mitundu: Etmopterus sp.B - Shark wa ku China wolowa (Chile lanternshark)
• Zotengera: Etmopterus sp.C - Prickly Shark Papua (Papua yokhala ndi mchira wamfupi)

Jen: Miroscyllium - shaki zodabwitsa

• Mitundu: Miroscyllium sheikoi - Rasp wakuda shark (Rasp-dzino dogfish)

Choyambitsa: Trigonognathus - Shaka za Triangular

• Mitundu: Trigonognathus kabeyai - Serpentine Spiny Shark (Viper dogfish)

Banja: Somniosidae - Shark Aang'ono, kapena Ma Shows Amtondo (ogona)

Mtundu: Centroscymnus - Shark-eyed-White

• Mitundu: Centroscymnus coelolepis - Shark-eyed spiny shark, kapena shark Portuguese (Portuguese dogfish)
• Mitundu: Centroscymnus cryptacanthus - Shark Wamaso Oyera (White Roundskin dogfish)
• Zomera: Centroscymnus owstoni - White-Eyed Shark wa Auston (Wopanda chikopa)

Mtundu: Centroselachus - Thin-Shark

• Mitundu: Centroselachus crepidater - shark wamtunda wammphuno wautali (nsomba yayitali kwambiri ya mphuno)

Mtundu: Proscymnodon - Velvet Spiky Shark

• Mitundu: Scymnodon ichiharai - Japan Spiny Shark (Japan velvet dogfish)
• Mitundu: Proscymnodon macracanthus - Great-spine velvet dogfish
• Onani: Proscymnodon plunketi - Spiny Planet Shark (Shark wa Plunket)
• Mitundu: Scymnodon ringens - Spiky Spiky Shark (Knife-dzino mbwa)

Mtundu: Scymnodalatias - Scymnodalatia

• Mitundu: Scymnodalatias albicauda - White-mchira wa mbedza (White-mchira wa nsomba)
• Mitundu: Scymnodalatias garricki - Azores dogfish (Azores dogfish)
• Mitundu: Scymnodalatias oligodon - Rare Tooth Scimnodalatia (Sparse-dzino mbwafish)
• Mitundu: Scymnodalatias sherwoodi - Shark wodalirika, kapena Sherwood's scimnodalatia (nsomba ya Sherwood)

Mtundu: Somniosus - Polar Shark

• Mitundu: Somniosus antarcticus shark wa Antarctic (shark wakugonera kumwera)
• Mitundu: Somniosus longus - Frog polar shark (Frog shark)
• Mitundu: Somniosus microcephalus - shark wa polar wa Greenland, kapena shark wazoyala pang'ono, kapena Atlark shark (Greenland shark)
• Mitundu: Somniosus pacificus - Shark wa polar Pacific, kapena shark waku North Pacific (shark waku Pacific)
• Mitundu: Somniosus rostratus - Shark wautali wamphepo (Shark wagona pang'ono)

Chingwe: Zameus - Shark Odabwitsa

• Mitundu: Zameus ichiharai - Japan Spiny Shark (Japan Velvet Dogfish)
• Zomera: Zameus squamulosus - Spiny Spiny Shark (Velvet dogfish)