Chilumba cha Bali chili m'gulu la Zilumba Zocheperako za Sunda. Ali m'gulu la zisumbu zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ku Malawi. Bali palokha ili pafupi ndi chilumba cha Java ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi Bali Strait (molondola kwambiri Strait of Bali). Chilumba kuyambira kumadzulo mpaka kummawa chili ndi kutalika kwa 145 km, ndipo kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera - 80 km. Derali ndi 5780 lalikulu mita. km Ndiye kuti ndi malo akuluakulu oti awonongeke. Imakutidwa ndi nkhalango zotentha komanso zowuma, ili ndi mapiri ndi zigwa.

Ndipo pamalo achonde amenewa kwa zaka masauzande, amphaka amtambo wamphamvu amakhala. Adafika ku Bali mosavuta, chifukwa nthawi zakale pachilumbachi panali gawo lalikulu. Koma zaka 12,000 zapitazo, madzi a mnyanja adakwera, ndipo zilombo zidadulidwa kumtunda. Chifukwa chake, panali magulu angapo a akambuku a Balinese. Zinakhalapo molingana ndi kuyerekezera koyipa mpaka zaka za 50s za zana la XX. Pakadali pano, masamba amtunduwu amaonedwa kuti amwalira.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Kambuku wa Balinese anali woimira nyama zoyamwitsa, zomwe zinali m'gulu la nyama zomwe zimadyera, banja la amphaka, linapatsidwa kwa genus panther ndi mtundu wa tiger. Pali malingaliro angapo a kupezeka kwa woimira awa wa banja la mphaka. Woyamba wa iwo akuti mitundu ya Javanese ndi Balinese anali amtundu umodzi ndipo anali ndi kholo limodzi.

Chifukwa cha m'badwo wa ayezi womaliza, mawonedwe adagawika m'magulu awiri ndi ayezi wamkulu. Zotsatira zake, anthu amodzi adakhalabe pachilumba cha Bali ndipo pambuyo pake adatchedwa Balinese, ndipo wachiwiri adakhalabe pachilumba cha Java ndipo adatchedwa Javanese.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Kutalika kwa nyamayi kunkachokera kumodzi mpaka theka kupita mamiliyoni awiri ndi theka mwa amuna komanso kuchokera pa mita mpaka awiri mwa akazi. Kulemera kwa thupi la nyama kumakhala pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 100 a amuna ndi akazi 80. Kutalika kwa kufota masentimita 70-90. Oimira awa a feline predator amakhala ndi zolaula.

Chowoneka mosiyana ndi izi ndi ubweya. Sifupifupi ndipo tili ndi mtundu wa lalanje. Zingwe zamtambo wakuda. Chiwerengero chawo sichochepa kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi akambuku enanso. Pakati pa mikwingwirima yopingasa pali mawanga ozungulira a mtundu wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Dera la khosi, pachifuwa, pamimba komanso mkati mwa miyendoyo muli kuwala, pafupifupi koyera.

Mchira wa nyama unali wautali, mpaka pafupifupi mita kutalika. Anali ndi mtundu wowala komanso mikwingwirima yakuda. Msonga nthawi zonse unali bulashi yakuda. Thupi la nyama yolusa imakhala yolimba, yosinthika ndi minofu yolimba kwambiri. Kutsogolo kwake kwa thupi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kumbuyo. Miyendo ndi yochepa, koma yamphamvu komanso yolimba. Nkhope zam'mbuyo ndizimaso zinayi, kutsogolo zinamaso. Zovala zamkati mwake zidalipo kumiyendo.

Mutu wa nyama ndi wozungulira, wocheperako. Makutu ndi ochepa, ozungulira, omwe ali m'mphepete. Makutu amkati mwa makutu amakhala owala nthawi zonse. Maso ndi ozungulira, amdima, ang'ono. Mbali zonse ziwiri za nkhope ndi tsitsi lopepuka, lomwe limapangitsa chidwi cha ndevu. M'chifuwa pali mizere ingapo yazovala zoyera, zoyera.

Zochititsa chidwi: Nsagwada za nyama yolusa imayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Adayimiridwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mano akuthwa. Mafangawo amaonedwa kuti ndi atali kwambiri. Kutalika kwawo kunafikira masentimita oposa asanu ndi awiri. Adapangira kuti agawire nyamayo mzidutswa.

Kodi kambuku a Balinese amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Woimira banja la amphaka awa amakhala ku Indonesia kokha, pachilumba cha Bali, m'madera ena sipapezeka. Monga dera lokhalamo nyama, nyama zomwe zimakonda nkhalango, zimadzimva bwino m'mipata yopezeka ndi matupi osiyanasiyana amadzi. Chofunika ndi kupezeka kwa nkhokwe komwe iwo ankakonda kusambira ndi kumwa kwambiri ndikudya.

Akambuku a Balinese amathanso kupezeka kumapiri. Okhala m'deralo adawona zochitika pomwe adakumana ndi nyama yolusa pamalo okwera pafupifupi mita ndi theka.

Malo akulu:

• nkhalango zamapiri
• nkhalango zowala
• nkhokwe zotentha nthawi zonse,
• pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi amiyeso yosiyanasiyana,
• mu mangangiri
• m'mapiri.

Kwa anthu akumaloko, nyalugwe la Bailiysky chinali chinyama chodabwitsa, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chinali ndi mphamvu zapadera, mphamvu, komanso mphamvu zamatsenga. Kuderali, nyama zodyera zimatha kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakonda kusaka ziweto. Komabe, anthu amawopa amphaka omwe adadyera ndikuwawononga pokhapokha ngati awonongera banja.

Sizinali zachilendo kuti nyama zizimenya anthu. Komabe, mu 1911, mlenje Oscar Voynich wafika ku Indonesia. Iye, pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a gulu lake, adayamba kupha mdani. Pambuyo pake, kuzunzidwa koopsa ndi kupha chirombo kunayamba. Popeza malo okha omwe kambuku a Balinese ankakhala chinali chilumba cha Bali, anthu sanafune nthawi yayitali kuti awononge nyamayo.

Kodi kambuku a Balinese amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Balinese tiger ndi nyama yolusa. Chakudya chake chinali chakudya cha nyama. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ulesi ndi chisomo, woimira banja la mphakayo alibe wopanda mpikisano ndipo anali woimira gawo lalikulu kwambiri la chakudya. Akambukuwa anali osakaula kwambiri komanso achinyengo. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, sanazindikiridwe panthawi yosaka.

Chochititsa chidwi: masharubu atali adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kalozera m'mlengalenga. Nthawi zambiri, iwo ankakonda kutsatira njira zomwe agwiritse ntchito pafupi ndi magwero amadzi momwe zitsamba zobaya zimafikira.

Akambukuwa anasankha malo abwino kwambiri komanso opindulitsa kwambiri kwa omwe amabisalira ndikuyembekezera. Nyamayo ikayandikira pafupi, nyama yodya nkhonya, yowuluka mothamanga, inagunda nyama, yomwe nthawi zina inalibe nthawi yoti imvetse zomwe zinachitika. Akafuna kusaka bwino, kambuku nthawi yomweyo anatafuna pakhosi pa wovulalayo, kapena anathyola khosi lake. Amatha kudya nyama nthawi yomweyo, kapena kuikoka komwe amakhala. Ngati wolakwirayo alephera kugwira nyama, anaifunafuna kwakanthawi, kenako anapuma pantchito.

Munthu m'modzi wamkulu amadya ma kilogalamu 5-7 a nyama patsiku. Nthawi zina, amatha kudya ma kilogalamu 20. Nyama zinkakonda kusaka madzulo. Amasaka okha, osagwirizana ndi gulu. Munthu aliyense anali ndi gawo lake losakira. Kwa amuna, anali pafupifupi ma kilomita 100, kwa akazi - theka.

Zinali zachilendo kuti nyama zizikhala moyo wongokhala. Kuchokera milungu ingapo mpaka theka ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri amakhala m'gawo limodzi, kenako anasamukira ku lina. Akuluakulu aliwonse amawayika gawo lake ndi mkodzo ndi fungo linalake. Dera la wamwamuna limatha kutsekedwa ndi gawo losakira akazi.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi chakudya cha akambuku:

Tiana sanasake pokhapokha ngati ali ndi njala. Ngati kusaka kunachita bwino, ndipo kuthyolako kunali kwakukulu, nyamazo zinkadya ndipo sizinapite kukasaka masiku 10 mpaka 10, kapenanso zina.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Otsatira anali ndi moyo wosafuna zambiri. Akuluakulu aliyense amakhala mdera linalake, lomwe limalembedwa mothandizidwa ndi mkodzo, lomwe limanunkhira mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, malo okhala ndi zakudya za anthu osiyanasiyana sanazolowere, ndipo ngati zidapitilira, ndiye abambo samangowonetsa zankhanza kwa akazi okha. Kupanda kutero, amatha kumenya ndewu ndikukonzekera kumenyera ufulu wokhala ndi gawo. Nyama zinkakhala m'dera lomwelo kwa milungu ingapo, kenako zimafunafuna malo atsopano oti zidyeredwe ndi malo okhala.

Chochititsa chidwi: Otsatira anali otanganidwa kwambiri madzulo, usiku. Iwo ankapita kokasaka okha, nthawi yaukwati, amasaka awiriawiri. Kusaka kwamagulu kunalinso kotheka pamene wamkazi amaphunzitsa kusaka ana ake akukula.

Akatswiri a balinese anali okonda njira zamadzi. Iwo amasangalala kuthera nthawi yayitali m'madziwe, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Zidani izi zimadziwika ndi ukhondo. Adakhala nthawi yayitali pa mawonekedwe ndi ubweya wawo, popeza kwanthawi yayitali adayitsuka ndikuyinyambita, makamaka atasaka ndikudya.

Mwambiri, nyamayo singatchedwe kuti yankhalwe. Pazomwe zidakhalapo pachilumba cha Bali, kambuku sadaukire munthu, ngakhale kuyandikana. Akambuku a Balinese ankadziwika kuti ndi osambira abwino kwambiri, anali ndi maso owoneka bwino komanso khutu losakhwima, mochenjera kwambiri ndipo mwachangu anakwera mitengo yazitali zosiyanasiyana. Ponena za malo mumlengalenga, adagwiritsa ntchito vibriza.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Nthawi yaukwati komanso kubadwa kwa mwana sinakonzeke ku nyengo kapena nyengo iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri, ana amabadwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa mvula. Pambuyo poti awiriwa adalengedwa panthawi yaukwati, pakati pa mkaziyo padachitika, zomwe zidatenga masiku 100 - 105. Kwenikweni ana amphaka 2-3 amabadwa.

Chosangalatsa: Banja lopangidwa nthawi zonse limakonzekera malo obadwira ana. Nthawi zambiri, idapezeka m'malo obisika, osawoneka koyambirira - m'miyala yamiyala, m'mapanga akuya, mumulu wa mitengo yakugwa, etc.

Kulemera kwa kititi chimodzi kunali 800 - 1500 gramu. Anabadwira khungu, osamva kwenikweni. Chovala chatsopano cha ana akhanda chimawoneka ngati fluff. Komabe, anawo anapeza mphamvu mofulumira ndipo anakula. Pambuyo pa masiku 10-12, maso awo anatseguka, ndipo kumva pang'onopang'ono kunayamba. Amayi amasamalira ana awo mosamala komanso mwaulemu kwambiri, pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri adawakokera m'khola lodalirika komanso lotetezeka. Kittens adadyetsedwa mkaka wa amayi mpaka miyezi 7-8.

Chosangalatsa: Atafika mwezi umodzi, adachoka kwawo ndikuyamba kufufuza malo oyandikana nawo. Kuyambira kuyambira miyezi 4-5, wamkazi pang'onopang'ono adayamba kuzolowera kudya nyama, adawaphunzitsa maluso ndi luso la kusaka.

Nthawi yayitali yokhala munthu m'modzi mwachilengedwe kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 11. Mwana aliyense wakhanda wakhanda anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi amayi mpaka kukafika zaka ziwiri. Amphaka atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, osasiyana, nayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Aliyense wa iwo anali kufunafuna gawo lodziyang'anira pawokha komanso lokhalamo.

Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe a Balinese Tiger

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Mukakhala mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nyama zodyerazo zapakhomozi sizinali mdani pakati pa oimira nyama. Mdani wamkulu komanso wamkulu, yemwe ntchito zake zimaphatikizapo kupezeka konsekonse kwa mitundu ya akambuku, adakhala munthu.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, azungu adawonekera ku Indonesia, pomwe panali Oscar Voynich. Anali iye ndi gulu lake omwe adawombera tiger yoyamba ya Balinese mu 1911. Pambuyo pake, amalemba ngakhale buku lonena za mwambowu, lomwe lidasindikizidwa mu 1913. Kuyambira pamenepo, chidwi chamasewera komanso kufunitsitsa kupha zinayambitsa kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa zaka 25 zokha.

Okhala m'deralo, azungu, a Aborigine adawononga nyama mosasamala mosiyanasiyana: adapanga misampha, misampha, amawombera, ndi zina zambiri. Nyama itawonongedwa kotheratu, mu 1937 anthu anayamba mosalekeza kuwononga chilichonse chomwe chimakumbutsa za kukhalako kwa chilombo: ziwonetsero zakale, zakale, zikopa za nyama ndi zotsalira za mafupa ake.

Chosangalatsa: Osaka ena adawona kuti adatha kuwononga nyama 10-13 nthawi imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Mpaka pano, zotsala zonse za nyama yokongola, yokongola ndi chithunzi chimodzi chomwe chilombochi chatengedwa chakufa ndikuyimitsidwa ndi matanda awo, komanso zikopa ziwiri ndi zikopa zitatu munyuziyamu ku UK. Kuphatikiza pa anthu, mdaniyo analibe adani ena.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Balinese Tiger

Masiku ano, akambuku a Balinese ndi nyama yolusa ya mphaka, yomwe imawonongeratu anthu. Akatswiri a zaumisiri akuti kambuku yoyamba idaphedwa mu 1911, ndipo yomaliza mu 1937. Amadziwika kuti womaliza kuphedwa anali wamkazi. Kuyambira pano, nyamazo zimawerengedwa kuti zatha.

Chochititsa chidwi: Asayansi ena amati m'nkhalango zowirira, zosagonjetseka, anthu angapo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zapakati pa 50s. Zodabwitsa, maumboni a anthu okhala pachilumbachi akuchitira umboni izi. Komabe, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, palibe munthu wina aliyense amene wakumana ndi njati za Balinese kwina kulikonse.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa mitundu ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe, komanso chiwonongeko chowopsa, chiwonongeko chankhanza komanso chosasunthika cha zakuba. Chifukwa chachikulu chosaka ndikutulutsa ndicho mtengo komanso mtengo wokwera wa ubweya wa nyama yachilendo. Akuluakulu aku Indonesia adaletsa kusaka nyama mochedwa kwambiri - kokha mu 1970. Nyalugwe adalembedwa mu Rare Animals Protection Act, yomwe idasainidwa mu 1972.

Anthu akumaloko anali ndi ubale wapadera ndi nyumba yowonetsera ya Balinese. Anali ngwazi ya nthano zopeka ndi zithunzi, ali ndi chithunzi chawo amapanga zikumbutso, mbale, ndi ntchito zina za mmudzimo. Komabe, panali omwe ankatsutsa kubwezeretsa kwa anthu, omwe amadziwika kuti anali anthu osasangalala. Zinali ndi kusungidwa kwa anthu oterowo komwe machitidwe onse ndi zolozera za wolusa ziwonongeka.

Balinese tiger chinali choyambirira chachisomo, kukongola kwachilengedwe ndi mphamvu. Anali msaki waluso komanso woyimira kusintha, nyama zamtundu wa pulasitiki. Tsoka ilo, zolakwika za anthu sizidzamulolanso kuti aziwoneka amoyo.

Kufotokozera

Akambuku okhala pachilumba cha Bali anali ochepa kwambiri kuposa onse. Mu malo osungirako zinthu zakale, zikopa 7 ndi zigaza za nyama izi ziwiri zamphongo zonse zasungidwa. Zogwira zimadziwika ndi gawo lochepetsetsa la occipital. Zikopa zazimuna zimayezedwa mwamakhalidwe. Kwa amuna, kutalika kwake kunali 2.2-2.3 metres, kwa akazi chizindikiro ichi chinali mita 1.9-2.1. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa, kutengera kukula, amuna amalemera 90 mpaka 100 makilogalamu, ndipo kulemera kwa akazi kunali 65-80 kg. Ziwerengerozi ndi zapafupipafupi, chifukwa palibe amene analemetsa amoyo kapena kupha akambuku a Balinese.

Kufotokozera kwa mabungwe a Balinese kunachitika ndi Ernst Schwartz wa zachipatala zaku Germany mu 1912. Panthawiyo, olusa oopsa anali kukhalabe ku Bali, koma malongosoledwe adapangidwa malinga ndi khungu ndi chigaza cha mkazi wachikulire, omwe anali mu Museum ya Senckenberg. Katswiri wofufuza za nyama adawona kuti ubweya ndi waufupi ndipo uli ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje. Pali zingwe zakuda zochepa pakhungu kuposa subspecies ena.

Balinese Tiger kufalikira

Kusaka kwa subspecies kunayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe azungu adawonekera ku Bali. Chilumbachi chidakhala madera achi Dutch ndipo asodzi aku Europe adatulukira, atanyamula mfuti zamphamvu. Pambuyo pake, kuwombera mwatsatanetsatane kwa akambuku a Balinese kunayamba. Misampha yachitsulo yokhala ndi nyambo inamangidwa, ndipo olusa omwe adalowa mmalo anawombera pafupi kwambiri ndi mfuti. Asaka ena anapha amphaka 10-15 m'zaka zochepa. Zonsezi zinkachitika chifukwa cha masewera.

Chifukwa cha kusaka kosaganizira koteroko, akambuku a Balinese pofika zaka za m'ma 30 za XX adasiya kupezanso osaka omwe amafunafuna miseru zapamwamba. Mwambiri, masamba awa adasowa kale panthawiyi. Koma ndizotheka kuti pali amphaka akuluakulu angapo amamba omwe amapita kumapiri ndi kunkhalango. Mu 1941, malo osakira analengedwa pachilumbachi. Koma anali atachedwa kale. Kusungako sikunapulumutse akambuku apadera pakutha.

Akatswiri ena amati oimira ena mwa mabungwe a Balinese adalipobe mpaka pa chiyambi, ndipo mwina mpaka m'ma 50s a XX century. Komabe, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, palibe amene adawonapo akambuku amoyo ku Bali.

Museum ya ku London ku London imasungira zikopa ziwiri ndi zigoba zitatu za akambuku a Balinese. Ichi ndiye chopereka chachikulu kwambiri. Makope amodzi amapezeka m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale a Senckenberg (Frankfurt), Naturkund (Stuttgart), Museum ya Zoor. Ku Indonesia, zotsalira za mbewa zomaliza za Balinese zimasungidwa. Mu 1997, m'modzi mwa mbadwa za m'modzi wa alenje adapereka chigaza ku Museum of Natural History ku Hungary. Ndipo zonse ndizo zotsalira zomwe zimadya mwapadera zomwe zidakhalapo kumodzi mwa Zilumba Zocheperako za Sunda.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti palibe njati imodzi ya Balinese yomwe idagwidwapo amoyo, motero, sinasungidwe ku malo osungirako nyama. Chifukwa chake, palibe chomwe chikudziwika za kubadwira kwa nyama zodyerazi, mikhalidwe yake, ndi njira zosakira. Pali nthano ndi miyambo chabe ya anthu am'deralo, pomwe tabu ya tabby imagwira ntchito yofunika. Koma chidziwitso chotere sichikugwirizana ndi sayansi ndipo sichimapereka lingaliro lililonse la chirombo choona, mphamvu zake, ulesi ndi malingaliro ake.

Kufotokozera kwakunja. Kuswana

Akambuku a Balinese anali osiyana ndi abale awo ang'onoang'ono. Kutalika, amuna amafika masentimita 120-230, zazikazi zinali zazing'ono, masentimita 93-183. Komabe, ngakhale kukula kwamtunduwu kwa adani kunachititsa mantha anthu wamba. Kulemera kwa chilombo sikudaposa 100 kg mwa amuna, ndi 80 kg mwa akazi.

Mosiyana ndi achibale ena, kambuku wa Balinese anali ndi ubweya wosiyana kotheratu. Linali lalifupi komanso lalitali kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha mikwingwirimo ndichoperewera, nthawi zina malo amdima amapezeka pakati pawo.

Mimba ya azimayiyo imatenga masiku 100-110, nthawi zonse pamakhala zovala zokwanira 2-3. Anabadwa akhungu ndi osathandiza, akulemera pafupifupi 1,3 kg. Koma chifupifupi chaka chonsecho iwo adasakira nyama ndi kusaka. Komabe, palimodzi ndi tigress tinakhalabe ndi zaka 1.5-2. Oimira awa a feline adakhala zaka pafupifupi 10.

Habitat

Malo okhala akambuku a Balinese anali Indonesia, chisumbu cha Bali. Izi zamabizinesi sizinawonekebe kumadera ena.

Adatsogolera moyo wofanana ndi ena onse otsala. Amakonda nyama zokhazokha komanso zosochera. Adakhala m'malo amodzi kwa milungu ingapo, kenako adapita kukafuna watsopano. Akambuku ochokera kumayiko ena anatsogola ndi mkodzo, zomwe zimawonetsa malo omwe munthu wina amakhala.

Iwo anali okonda madzi akulu. Mukutentha, kusamba ndikusambira m'madziwe nthawi zonse.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Nyalugwe wa Balinese anali wadyera. Adasaka yekha, koma kawirikawiri munyengo yamatenda adapita kukadya ndi akazi ake. Ngati panali anthu angapo nthawi imodzi pafupi ndi chiweto chogwidwa, ndiye kuti chinali chopweteka ndi ana.

Monga nthumwi zina zamtunduwu, inali mphaka yoyera bwino yomwe imayang'anira ubweya wake, ndikumanyambita nthawi yayitali, makamaka chakudya.

Pakusaka, panali njira ziwiri zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito: kuzembera ndikudikirira yemwe akuvutikayo. Utoto wophimba unathandiza kuti akambuku azitsatira nyama. Nthawi zambiri amasaka pafupi ndi dziwe komanso m'mayendedwe. Pogwira nyama pang'ono, mosamala, idadumphadumpha ndipo idagwira nyama.

Tikudikirira, nyama yolusa idagona, ndipo wofikirayo atayandikira, anagwedeza mwachangu. Pankhani ya kuphonya kopitilira mamitala 150, sanatsatire nyamayo.

Akasaka bwino, monga amphaka ena akuluakulu, akambuku amtunduwu amamwetulira nyama yake, nthawi zambiri akumathyola khosi. Panthawi, amatha kudya nyama mpaka 20 kg.

Posunthira wophedwayo, nyama yomwe inkakhala ndi nyamayo inkanyamula m'mano kapena kuiponya kumbuyo kwake. Akambuku ankakonda kusaka madzulo kapena usiku. Maluso onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa anali chifukwa cha kuphunzitsidwa kwa amayi, osati mtundu wobadwira.

Pa gawo lake, nyalugwe wa Balinese ndiye anali pamwamba pa piramidi ya chakudya, nthawi zambiri palibe amene angapikisane ndi chilombochi. Kwa iye yekha, anthu okhawo akuimira zoopsa.

Zamoyo zachilengedwe

Ng'ombe za Balinese zimachotsedwa ndi munthu. Mwapadera, woyimira woyamba wa mabungwe adawombera kuphedwa mu 1911. Anali munthu wachikulire yemwe anali wokonda kwambiri anthu amderalo. Pambuyo pa izi, kusaka kwakukulu kunayambitsa nyama, ziweto nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo.

Katswiri womaliza adawombera pa Seputembara 27, 1937, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mabanjawo adadziwika kuti anatha. Amadziwika kuti anali wamkazi. Palinso zithunzi zenizeni zomwe zimagwira anthu wamba ndi chilombo chakufayo. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu angapo akhoza kukhalabe ndi moyo mpaka zaka za 50s.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutha kwa kambuku a Balinese ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi anthu osaka nyama (nthawi imeneyo otchuka) kusaka. Nthawi zambiri, adaphedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wofunikira.

Kusaka kunali koletsedwa kokha mu 1970, ndipo nyamayo idatchulidwanso mu 1972 Chilombo Choteteza Chikumbumtima.

Pa chikhalidwe cha anthu okhala pachilumba cha Bali, nyalugwe ankakhala ndi niche yapadera. Anamuchitira ulemu. Anakumana ndi nthano za makolo, fano lake lidagwiritsidwa ntchito zaluso zakomweko.

Komabe, panali ena omwe ankawasamalira nyamayo mwachidwi komanso ngakhale kudana. Chilombochi chitatha, zolemba zambiri ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi kambuku zinawonongeka.

Ku England, Museum ya Britain ili ndi mafupawo mafupa achikopa, zigaza zitatu ndi zikopa ziwiri za nyama yomwe yazitha.

Ubale ndi munthu

Anthu akumaloko adawopa chilombo, adachipatsa mphamvu zamatsenga, analemba nthano za icho ndikugwirizanitsa ndi mphamvu yowononga yakumaso. Anzake amayenera kuthamangitsa ndi kupha nyama zokhazo zomwe zimangosakaza nyama ndi kuwononga minda; sanasake phindu. Kambuku wa Balinese iyemwini sanagwire munthu popanda chifukwa; pazochitika zansanje, sanawonekere.

Kukondera koteroko kunakhalapo mpaka 1911, pamene msakatuli wokonda kwambiri masewera, Baron Oscar Voynich, akuchokera ku Hungary ku Bali. Ndiamene anapha munthu woyamba kudya, zomwe zinakwiyitsa zina zonse zomvetsa chisoni. Kuzunzidwa kwakukuru ndi kusaka kunayamba pa kambuku wa Balinese. Onse aborigine ndi osaka oyendayenda nawo adatenga nawo gawo. Magulu athu anatumizidwa kukagwira chirombocho; ziweto zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo. Kotala la zana linali lokwanira kuti anthu athetseretu anthu owerengera. Mgulu womaliza anawomberedwa mu 1937.

Sizinali zokwanira kuti anthu okhala ku Bali ayeretse chilumbacho kwa olusa, ndipo adayamba kuchotsa zikumbukiro zamtundu uliwonse zokhudzana ndi izi - umboni waumboni, zojambula, zikopa, zinthu zopembedzedwa. Ngakhale izi, akambuku awa akupitilabe gawo lofunikira mu mtundu wa Balinese wachihindu.

Pa chithunzi chomwe chatsala, nyalugwe wa Balinese amagwidwa wakufa ndikuwakhomera pansi ndi miyendo pachimtengo, kumbuyo kwa osaka nyama osaka nyama. Chithunzichi chili cha 1913. Kutanthauzira kwa Museum ya Britain kuli zikopa zitatu ndi zikopa ziwiri - ndipo izi, mwina ndi zomwe zimatsalira pachilombochi.

Mbiri yakale

Pali malingaliro angapo okhudza kuwonekera kwa zilombo pachilumbachi:

• Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, nyalugwe wa Sumatran (wokhala ku Sumatra), nyalugwe wa ku Javanese (wophedwa mu Java kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza) ndipo nyalugwe wa Balinese kale adakhalapo pagawo lalikulu komanso anali amtundu womwewo. Ice Age ikatha, gawo lina lidalowa pansi pamadzi ndipo nyama zazing'ono zomwe zidadyedwa zidasiyidwa wina ndi mzake kuzilumba za malawi - Java, Sumatra, Bali.
• Malinga ndi mtundu wina, kholo lakale lazidyamakanda limasambira bwino, kufunafuna nyama zitha kusambira pachilumba kupita pachilumba. Nyama zina sizinabwererenso, koma zinakhazikika m'magawo atsopano ndikuzikonzanso mwachangu. Pakusintha kuzolowera moyo wina, akambuku adawoneka mosiyana ndi ena, zomwe zidakhudza magawo awo mosiyanasiyana.

Akatswiri a Paleontologists sanapeze umboni wodalirika wa ziphunzitsozi. Koma ma genetics, atasanthula kuchuluka kwa ma DNA, anapeza kufanana - ma genetic pakati pa magulu atatuwo.

Zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimapezeka phunziroli zimapereka chiyembekezo chobwezeretsa chiwombankhanga cha Balinese posamutsa tiger wokhwima wa Sumatran kupita pachilumba cha Bali. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zochizira nyama, nyama zimadutsa mwachangu komanso mosavuta nthawi yosinthira, zimazika mizu m'deralo ndipo kenako zimapeza zikhalidwe za abale awo omwe anazimiririka.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Nyamayi inkakonda kukhala yokhayokha, ikusankha malo okhala ndi malo osungirako, komanso nyama zokwanira. Amakonda komanso amadziwa kusambira bwino, kukhala ndimamva komanso kuwona bwino, adakwera mitengo. Malo ena owonjezerapo okhala m'nkhalango zowirira za mbewa za Balinese anali ndevu zazitali, mtundu wamtunduwu unkapangitsa kuti athe kuphatikizana ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Malo osaka ziweto za amuna sanadutse 100 km 2, akazi - 40 - 60 km 2. Masamba adalembedwa ndi mkodzo. Ziwembu zazimuna zambiri zimatha kukundana ndi ziwembu zazimayi zingapo.

Njira ndi njira zosakira sizinasiyane ndi zamtundu wina wa kambuku. Nyama za tsiku ndi tsiku zinkachokera ku 5 mpaka 6 kg. Chakudya chachikulu ndi agwape, nkhumba zamtchire, zinsomba. Anadyanso nkhanu, achule, nsomba ndi zokwawa. Kusaka nyani, mbalame.

Kubalana ndi kusamalira ana

Akazi amabweretsa nthawi ina iliyonse pachaka, koma kuyambira kumapeto kwa Novembala mpaka Epulo. Mimba sinatenge masiku opitilira 103. Panali ma kitt awiri kapena atatu mu zinyalala.

Banjali linakhazikika m'chipinda chotetezedwa bwino - m'miyala yamiyala, pansi pa mtengo wakugwa kapena kuphanga. Makanda obadwa kumene anali wolemera 900 - 1300 magalamu, anali akhungu, osamva. Pa tsiku lakhumi, maso awo anatseguka. Kudyetsa mkaka kunatenga miyezi inayi kapena isanu. Ana a mwezi amatha kutuluka mdzenje momasuka, patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amayamba kuphunzira kusaka.

Pansi paupangiri wa amayi, abambowo achichepere anali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndiye kuti anadzifufuza okha malo osaka osafunikira. Kutalika kwa moyo wa kambuku wa Balinese sikunadutse zaka 8 - 10.