The heroine yankhani yathu lero sangatchulidwe kuti ndi nyama yokongola. Kwa ambiri, mafutawa amanjowa amadzetsa mayanjano osasangalatsa. Izi chikugwirizana ndi maonekedwe a nyama, ndi njira yopanga chakudya kwa iwo. Koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti mafutawa adalembedwa mu Red Book ngati nyama, kuchuluka kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Munkhaniyi tikufotokozerani chomwe ma hyenas ali, zomwe ali nazo komanso momwe amasiyana ndi zina zoperewera.

Kufalikira kwa Hyena

Uku ndikuyimira bwino banja laling'ono la hyena. Mitundu yokhayo kuchokera kubanja lomwe limapezeka kunja kwa Africa. Kugawidwa ku North Africa, Asia, kuyambira ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean mpaka ku Bay of Bengal. Amakhulupirira kuti fambo la mizera ku Asia ndi mpikisano wothirira nkhondo yolimbana ndi zida zazikulu - nyama. Imapezeka ku Central ndi North-Western India, kumwera anthu akucheperachepera ndipo kulibe ku Ceylon, komabe, monga m'maiko akum'mawa.

Ku Africa, kumwera kwa Sahara, mafutawa amapezekanso, koma kumwera kwa chigawo chiwerengero cha nyama chikuchepa. Idadzaza kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Nepal, Afghanistan, Chigawo cha Arabia, kukafika ku Dzungaria ndi ku Tibet. Madera akumpoto kwa malo omwe amakhala ndi mapiri a Kopetdag (Turkmenistan) ndi mapiri a Greater Caucasus. Milozo hyena Caucasus mu Russia sichipezeka okha malire a kum'mwera kwa Dagestan. Komabe, samakhala komweko, ndipo nthawi zina amadutsa Terek kuchokera ku Azerbaijan.

Zojambula zakunja

Kutanthauzira kwa mitsempha yopukusira, yomwe imapezeka m'mabuku ambiri okonda nyama, ikuwonetsa kuti ndi nyama yayitali yokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali yokhala ndi thupi lalifupi, lopindika pang'ono komanso miyendo yolimba. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yifupi. Mchirawo ndi wamisala ndipo wafupikitsidwa. Chovala chimakhala chosowa, cholimba komanso chophatikizira.

Mutuwo ndi waukulu ndipo m'malo mwake, kupukutira pang'ono, pang'ono makutu, makutu akulu, ndipo mbali pang'ono malembedwe. Mitengo yopyapyala ndi omwe ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa zolengedwa - zolengedwa zawo zimafika mpaka ma kilogalamu makumi asanu pa sikweya sentimita.

Kumbuyo kwa hyena kumakhala kotsalira, kotsalira, komwe kumakhala tsitsi lalitali. Pangozi, amakwera pa mane ndipo nthawi yomweyo zilombozi zimawoneka zazitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwake.

12.01.2019

Striped hyena (lat. Hyaena hyaena) - m'modzi mwa anthu anayi opulumuka a banja la Hyena (Hyaenidae) ndikukhala kunja kwa Africa. Ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural limatchedwa kuti pafupi ndi malo osatetezeka. The chonse cha anthu Akuti pa anthu 5-14 zikwi. M'madera ambiri okhala, nyama sizisowa.

Ku Aigupto wakale, ukhondo wamamba unaletsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusaka nyama zazing'ono, komanso kunenepa ndi kudyedwa. Izi zikuwonekera ndi ma frescoes pamanda a wolemekezeka wakale ku Egypt, Mereruki, omwe adapezeka m'mudzi wa Sakkara, makilomita 30 kumwera kwa Cairo.

Nyama iyi ili ndi luntha ndipo ndiyosavuta kuphunzitsira ikamaganizira za momwe imakhalira m'maganizo. Pakati pa anthu ambiri, siabwino ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi mphamvu yonyansa.

Ku India, lilime la hyena limawonetsedwa ngati othandizira othandizira chotupa, ndipo mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza rheumatism. Ku Afghanistan, ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi lake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithumwa.

Kugawa

Malo amenewa amakhala ku North ndi East Africa, West ndi Central Asia, komanso ku Indian subcontinent. Mitambo yopyapyala imapezeka m'malo otentha pomwe pali nyengo youma kapena youma komanso yokhala ndi zitsamba zopota. Zimapewa nkhalango ndi zipululu, ngakhale kuli anthu ochepa m'chigawo chapakati cha Sahara ndi Peninsula ya Arabia.

Ku Israel ndi Algeria, nyamayi imakonda kuonedwa pafupi ndi malo okhala. Si kuopa anthu, ndi anagwidwa aang'ono, n'zosavuta zikhale.

Ku Pakistan, idawoneka pamtunda wotsika ndi 3300 m, ndipo m'malo okwezeka a ku Ethiopia mpaka 2200 m pamwamba pa nyanja, ngakhale ambiri amasankha malo otsika kuti akhale. Mpaka pano, ma subspecies 5 amadziwika. Mabungwe osankhidwa amakhala ku India. Northhist H.h. barbara ndi wamkulu kuposa anthu ena onse amitundu.

Khalidwe

Mitambo yopyapyala imakonda nyengo yotentha ndipo imapewa zigawo zomwe nyengo yozizira imatenga masiku opitilira 80. Palinso malo omwe kumakhala kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya pansi -15 ° C. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku theka-chipululu ndi shrub savannas.

Kuchulukana kwa anthu ndikotsika kwambiri. Sizidutsa nyama ziwiri zikuluzikulu ziwiri pamtunda wa 100 km.

Zochita zimadziwonekera usiku. Pa mvula ndi nyama mitambo nyengo mukhoza kupita kwa chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo madzulo. Masana, amapuma m'malo obisala pansi, m'miyala ya m'matanthwe kapena m'makumba oyang'aniridwa mozikoka omwe ali ndi mulifupi mwake 70 cm komanso kutalika kwa 5 m.

Maubwenzi osiyanasiyana. Oimira amtunduwu amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri kapena mabanja, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wawekha. Ku Kenya, akazi amatsatira polyandry, amakhala mnyumba imodzi ndi amuna awiri kapena atatu. Oyimira akazi, monga lamulo, amakwiya mwa mtundu wawo.

Malo osaka a munthu m'modzi, mosaganizira jenda, kuyambira 44 mpaka 82 lalikulu. km Eni ake amalembera malire awo ndi chinsinsi cha tezi. Imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena beige ndipo imayikidwa pamiyala kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo.

Akakumana ndi abale ankhanza, chilombo chopsa mtima, chimakweza mchira wake ndi tsitsi kumbuyo kwake kuti ziwopseze mdani ndi kukula kwake. Pakakhala nkhondo, ma duelists amayesetsa kuluma wotsutsa pakhosi ndi m'miyendo. Wogonjetsayo akuwonetsa pempho lake loti amuchitire chifundo ndi mchira wake ndi mutu kutsitsidwa, ndikumangirira thupi lake pansi.

Pamene anthu pamodzi wa gulu lomwelo, amasonyeza ansangala Kukoka zopangitsa kumatako ndi kunyambita kumbuyo pa wina ndi mzake, atagwira mchira pamalo anamuukitsa. Msonkhano uli chete, nyamazo zimapanga mawu ochepa, zokhala ndi kamphepo kochepa chabe. Choseketsa chazinthu zodziwika bwino za choko chamawonekedwe (Crocuta crocuta) sichikupezeka mu zida zawo.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mu zakudya za milozo mizere carrion amapezeka. Amadyanso mitembo kapena amakhutira ndi zotsalazo za chakudya cha omwe amadyera anzawo. Amadya osati nyama, komanso mafupa ong'amba, ziboda ndi nyanga ndi nsagwada zawo zamphamvu. Matupi amapezeka ndi fungo, chifukwa cha fungo lokhazikika kwambiri.

Pophatikiza zochitika, akambuku amadziphimba ndi mazira a mbalame ndi kudya nyama, mbalame zokwawa, makoswe komanso tizilombo. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. M'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba za m'madzi zimaponyedwa kumtunda. Pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, ali ofunitsitsa kukokolola mumulu wa zinyalala ndikusangalala ndi zinyalala.

Pofufuza chakudya, mtunda wa 7 mpaka 27 km ukuphimbidwa.

Afisi amatha kumwa madzi amchere, koma pofuna kuchotsa masiku ludzu kapena maolivi. Popewa mpikisano wosafunikira, nthawi zambiri amasunga zovalazo m'malo awo okhala.

Kuswana

Hyaena hyaena amabereka chaka chonse osamangidwa ndi nyengo iliyonse. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka za 24-36, koma anyani amayamba kubereka pambuyo pake, atakwanitsa kutenga udindo waukulu.

Mimba imatenga masiku 90-92. Wamkazi amabweretsa dzenje kuchokera pa ana 2 mpaka 6 agalu ogontha. Pakubadwa amakutidwa ndi ubweya wa bulauni ndipo amalemera 600-700 g Maso amatseguka m'masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi anayi.

Makanda a milungu iwiri asanatuluke amatuluka kudzenje lawo ndikudziwa dziko lozungulira iwo.

Akakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, amayamba kusewera zolimba ndikuyesera chakudya cholimba. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga miyezi iwiri. Anthu ena pagululi amatenga nawo mbali pantchito yakukula. Zimenezi akuwonetseredwa pafupi chaka. Amuna nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zakukhosi kwawo kwa makolo komanso achinyamata komanso kulolera zanzeru za ana awo.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 65-90 masentimita, ndipo mchira 25-5 cm. Amakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 66-75. Akazi ndi opepuka pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kugonana kwa dimorphism kulibe kukula. Mtambo wamtambo ndi wautali, wamatumbo. Pamapewa, ntchentche kapena imvi yachikasu imafikira kutalika kwa 20 cm. Imachokera m'makutu kumbuyo kwake konse. Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wowonda.

Malo am'mutu ndi muzzle ndi zakuda. Makutu ndi aatali kwambiri, owongoka komanso owongoka. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakale umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi yopepuka mpaka imaso yachikasu, kuyambira milozo zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi zinayi zakudutsa zomwe zimadutsa mbali.

Pali miyendo yambiri yakuda pamiyendo. Miyendo kutsogolo ndi yaitali kuposa kumbuyo. Pamapazi, zala 4. Amakhala ndi zikhadabo zonenepa zomwe sizibwerera.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa milozi pafupifupi zaka 20.

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Ma Hyenas amakhala ku Africa konse, Middle East ndi India. Ngakhale ma hyenas amadziwika kuti ndi a scavenger, amodzi mwa olusa anzeru kwambiri komanso angwiro ndi amtundu wawo.

Ma Hyenas adatulukira ku mawonekedwe awo amakono kumapeto kwa Miocene (9 ± 3 miliyoni zapitazo). Azibambo awo anali a banja la a Viverra, ndipo oyimira woyamba a mitundu ya hyena ankawoneka ngati Viverra, kapena civet. Pa nthawi ya chitukuko, anali ndi mano olimba otha kukukutira fupa. Ndipo masiku ano, mano oterewa ndi chizindikiro cha amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ilipo. Ku Pleistocene, komwe kunayamba pafupifupi zaka 2 miliyoni zapitazo, panali nyama yomwe inkadziwika kuti hyena. Unali wowirikiza kawiri kukula kwa mafuta okhala amoyo.

Spotted hyena ndiye wamkulu komanso wodziwika bwino ku Africa. Malo ake amakhala osiyanasiyana - zipululu, zitsamba, nkhalango ku Africa konse kumwera kwa Sahara, kupatula kum'mwera kwenikweni ndi Congo Basin. Mitundu ina iwiri ya hyenas imakhala m'dera limodzi. Ubweya wowoneka bwino ndi wautali ndi wokhazikika komanso wolimba, khaki kapena bulawuni wowoneka bwino komanso wopanda mawonekedwe. Malangizo a paws ndi mchira ndi muzzle ndi a bulauni kapena ngakhale akuda, ndipo pakhosi ndi mapewa ake amakhala owuma pang'ono.

Brown hyena amakhala mdera laling'ono kwambiri, koma akuwoneka kuti amatha kupulumuka pafupifupi malo alionse. Imapezeka m'chipululu, m'malo okhala ndi udzu ndi zitsamba, m'nkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwa South Africa. Ubweya wake wakuda wakuda ndi wautali komanso wamakhalidwe opakika kuposa ubweya womwe umawoneka. Imakhala yolimba mapewa ndi kumbuyo. Chifukwa chake, mafutawa amawoneka okulirapo kuposa momwe aliri.

Mitambo yopyapyala - yaying'ono kwambiri mwa mitundu itatuyo - imakhala kumpoto kwa abale ake. Amakonda malo otseguka kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, Middle East, Arabia, India komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union. Sichikhala kutali ndi K) km kuchokera pamadzi. Amakhala ndi imvi kapena ubweya wonyezimira wakuda, bakha ndi shaggy, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yofiirira, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli kolimba mpaka 20 cm.

Ziphuphu zonse zimakhala ndi mapewa pamwamba pa kumbuyo kwa thupi, ndipo msana suikukhala lofanana ndi nthaka, koma mbali yayikulu. Amakhala ndi kugundana kwamphamvu chifukwa ndi ma pacers. M'makutu owoneka, makutu amakhala owongoka, ndipo otuwa komanso amizere - owongoka.

Ngakhale ma hyenas amatha kupezeka masana, amakhala olimbikira nthawi yamadzulo komanso mumdima, ndipo masana amakonda kupuma mdzenje kapena pafupi nawo. Nyumba ya hyena imakhala ndi chokulitsa ngalande za nyama zina, kapena kupeza malo obisika pakati pa miyala kapena m'nkhalango. Ma Hyenas amakonda kwambiri gawo lawo, mosamala amateteza danga lozungulira khomalo, ndikuganiziranso malo awo akuluakulu osaka. Kukula kwa tsamba lino kumasiyana kwambiri, zimatengera kuchuluka kwake komanso chakudya. Ziphuphu zimayang'ana malire a dera lowonongedwa ndi chinsisi kuchokera ku ma gland otulutsa ndi gland onunkhira pakati pa zala, komanso mkodzo ndi ndowe. Tizilombo tamadontho tambiri tomwe timapangidwira kwambiri ndimtundu wa bulauni. Amazindikira mitundu iwiri ya pasitala yoyera - yoyera ndi yakuda, yomwe imayimira udzu.

Mitundu yofalikira mwina ndi yocheza kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yonse. Amakhala m'magulu akulu, kapena magulu, momwe mumatha kukhala anthu 80. Nthawi zambiri, mabanja amakhala ndi nyama 15. Mbawala zazikazi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna ndipo zimakhala ndi udindo waukulu, zomwe sizimapezeka kawirikawiri pakati pa olusa.

Nawu mndandanda wocheperako wochokera kwa Peter Hugo (wobadwa mu 1976 ndipo anakulira ku Cape Town, South Africa). Ndi wojambula waku South Africa yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula, ndipo ntchito yake imagwirizana ndi miyambo yazikhalidwe za anthu aku Africa. Hugo mwiniwake amadzitcha yekha wojambula ndale wokhala ndi kalata yaying'ono p. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za wojambulazi ndi mndandanda wa "Ma Hyenas ndi Anthu Ena". Pazithunzi za bambo wokhala ndi fisi, Hugo adalandira mphotho m'gulu la "Portraits" ku 2005 World Press Photo Contest.

Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)

Abdullah Muhammad ndi Mainasar Hyena ku Oger Remo, Nigeria. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)

Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)

Mammy Ahmad ndi Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara hyena. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)

Mallam Galadima Ahmad ndi Jamis ku Abuja, Nigeria. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)

Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)

Mwambo wamoni wa amuna ndi akazi onse ndi wazaka zonse ndiovuta kwambiri - nyama iliyonse imakweza mbali yake yakumbuyo kuti inayo imve fungo la ziwalo zake. Amalumikizananso ndi kukuwa ndi mawu ena, omwe ochepa okha amatenga khutu la munthu. Ma Hyenas ali ndi mawu okweza, osiyana, amatha kumveka kwa makilomita angapo. Nthawi zina fuko lodziwika limatchedwa kuseka chifukwa cha kufuula kwake komwe kumawoneka ngati kuseka. Mabulosi akuda amakhala ndi moyo wopatula. Amakhala m'mabanja a anthu amodzi ndi anayi, ndipo amasaka okha. Chizindikiro cha kupatsana moni, ziphuphu zofiirira zimavutikiranso, mutu ndi thupi, kwinaku ndikulimbana ndi mane, koma zimapanga mawu osiyananso.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mpaka posachedwa, anthu amakhulupirira kuti ma nyemba onse amapangika mbuna ndipo amadyera zotsalira za mitembo yanyama yophedwa ndi ena omwe amadyera anzawo. Komabe, zidadziwika kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akuthwa, kununkhira bwino komanso njira yocheza nawo, ndi amodzi mwa ochenjera kwambiri komanso oopsa.

Mphesa zowala zimatha kusaka zokha, koma nthawi zambiri zimathamangitsa pagulu. Ziphuphu zimathamanga mpaka 65 km / h ndipo chifukwa chake zimatha kupezeka ndi nyama monga zebra ndi zonyansa. Amugwira wendo ndi miyendo kapena mmbali ndi kumugwira mpaka afe. Kenako, gulu lonse limasunthira pansi ndikukalikhadzula. Fisi amathanso kudya makilogalamu 15 a nyama munyumba imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, amathamangitsa anthambi atangokhala ndi ana, chifukwa makanda ndi osavuta kugwirira ntchito.

Nsagwada ya hyena yamabala ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa adani onse. Ndi iwo, amatha kuwopsya ngakhale mkango ndi kambuku ndi kuluma mosavuta mafupa akulu kwambiri a buffalo. Tizilombo ta m'mimba timakhala kuti timabaya mafupa. Matumbo awo amakhala oyera chifukwa cha calcium yomwe mafupa amadya.

Chakudya cha malo owoneka bwino chimadalira malo ake ndi nyengo yake. Zakudya za hyena zimaphatikizapo ma buluzi, mikango, nyalugwe, njovu, njati ndi mitundu yonse ya anyani omwe amakhala m'malo awo, komanso tizilombo, zokwawa komanso udzu. Amadya zovunda zilizonse zomwe zimachitika panjira yawo, ndipo nthawi zina amakumba zinyalala pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe anthu amakhala.Nthawi zonse pamakhala anthu ambiri amene amafunsira munthu amene waphedwa, nyamazo zimang'amba chamoyocho ndikuthawa nazo kuti wina asang'ambe nyama mano.
Amadyapo zovunda, kumayang'ana mothandizidwa ndi fungo lamphamvu. Amasaka okha ndi awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri, anyani ang'ono, komanso ana a nkhosa ndi ana, amatenga nawo gawo. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizanso tizilombo, mazira, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ngati hyena apeza tunga lalikulu, ikhoza kuluma chidutswa chachikulu ndikibisala m'malo obisika kuti mudzadye nthawi ina.

Mbera zofiirira zimadyanso nsomba zakufa komanso nyama zakufa zam'madzi.

Nthawi yomwe ma hyenas amawonongera pakusaka ndi kufunafuna chakudya zimatengera kupezeka kwa chakudya. Ma brown hyenas amatha maola 10 kapena kuposa pamenepo patsiku kufunafuna chakudya.

Mitundu ya Hyenas nthawi iliyonse pachaka, komabe, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana amabadwa pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Januwale. Wodzala ndi ziphuphu wamafuko ndi a mabanja awo, komanso zankhondo zofiirira, woyenda wamwamuna amakwatirana ndi mkazi wokhala pagulu lomwe adakumana naye panjira. Mimba mu bulauni yofiirira imatenga masiku 110. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ana agalu awiri. Kubala mwana kumachitika mdzenje - dzenje lalikulu pamalo otseguka ndi udzu (mbali ina ya malo oterowo ikuwoneka pachithunzichi). Zazikazi zingapo zimasonkhana mu bowo limodzi ndikupanga ana. Mosiyana ndi pafupifupi onse omwe amadana ndi ana, ana agalu akuda amabadwa ndi maso otseguka. Kuphatikiza apo, ali kale ndi mano. Ngati ndi kotheka, ana agalu amatha kuthamanga akangobadwa.

Ana agalu onse amayikidwa m'manda moyang'aniridwa ndi akazi amodzi kapena awiri. Amayandikira padziko lapansi kuti mayi athe kuwadyetsa mkaka, koma pazifukwa zotetezeka sasiya dzenje mpaka atatsala pang'ono miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pazaka izi, amapita ndi amayi awo kukasaka kapena kukafunafuna chakudya. Fisi sabweza nyama yawo mdzenje kuti nyama zodya nyama sizitha kupeza pobisalira chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu la zovalazo. Mizu imawonekera miyezi 4. Chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ana agalu 'aletsedwa kuyamwa'.

Mukusamba komanso maonekedwe akhungu, nthawi yayitali ndi yochepa - masiku 90. Zinyalala za bulauni za bulauni zimakhala ndi ana agalu awiri, ometa - asanu. M'mitundu yonseyi, ana agalu amabadwa ali khungu ndipo osatetezeka, maso awo amatseguka pakatha milungu iwiri. M'magulu abanja a bulauni ma brown, osati amayi okha, koma akazi onse amatha kudyetsa mwana mkaka. Ana agalu atakwanitsa miyezi itatu, anthu onse am'banjamo azinyamula chakudya m'dzenje.
Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba, mayiyo amaleka kudyetsa ana agalu mkaka, koma kwa miyezi ingapo amakhalabe m'banjamo.

Mu theka loyamba la XX century. ziphuphu zimawonedwa ngati tizilombo toopsa kwa anthu okhala m'mizere, ndikuwonongeka. Mtunduwu pafupifupi unawonongedwa kumwera kwa South Africa. Chifukwa cha kusaka pamodzi komanso kugawa chakudya pagulu, azungu omwe adawoneka bwino adalimbana ndi chiwawa cha anthu kuposa mitundu ina iwiriyo, ndikupulumuka ambiri.

Ziphuphu zofiirira komanso zamizere m'madera ambiri zatsala pang'ono kutha. Mwamunayo anawapha, chifukwa awononga banja lake. Cholinga china chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu kukukula kwatsopano kwa mayiko ndi mpikisano ndi mitundu yosinthika - ma fisi owoneka.

Umu ndi momwe Aristotle adanenera za chirombo ichi: "Iwo anali amisala komanso amantha, ovutitsa matupi awo ndikuseka ngati ziwanda. Amadziwanso zosintha kugonana, osakhala amuna kapena akazi." Alfred Brem nawonso sanapeze mawu okoma kwa iwo:

"Ndi nyama zochepa zomwe zili ndi nkhani yosangalatsa ngati ya fisi ... Kodi mumamva momwe mawu awo amafanana ndi kuseka kwa satana? Chifukwa chake dziwani kuti mdierekezi amaseka mwa iwo. Abwerera kale kale! ”

A Elian, wolemba buku la The Colourful Stories komanso On the Nature of Animal, analemba kuti: "M'mwezi wathunthu, fisi imabweza kuwala, kuti mthunzi wake ugwere pa agalu. Popeza adagwa ndi mthunzi, samatha kuyankhula, koma mafiyawo amawanyamula ndi kuwawononga. ”

Pliny anali "wokoma mtima" pang'ono kwa iwo; adaona ngati nyamayo ndi yothandiza, m'lingaliro loti ambiri atatha kupanga mankhwala (Pliny adawabweretsera tsamba lonse).

Ngakhale Ernest Hemingway, yemwe amadziwa bwino zikhalidwe za nyama zosiyanasiyana, amadziwa za ziphuphu zokha kuti ndi "hermaphrodites akuipitsa akufa".

Palibe chodabwitsa kuti nyama yodabwitsayo siinachite chidwi ndi ofufuzawo. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chosasinthika ndipo chidasinthidwa kuchokera ku buku kupita ku buku, kukhala zonena kuti palibe amene adatsimikizira.

Ndipo mu 1984 kokha ku Yunivesite ya Berkeley (iyi ndi ku California) adatsegula malo ophunzirira ziphuphu. Asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito kumeneko aphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za nyama zachilendozi.

Banja la hyena limaphatikizapo mitundu inayi: maanga, bulauni, mafambo amtundu ndi nkhandwe zadothi. Zotsirizirazi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi abale ake: ndizocheperako kuposa ma fisi ena onse, ndipo zimadyetsa makamaka tizilombo, nthawi zina zimasewera anapiye kapena makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Earthwolf ndi osowa kwambiri, adalembedwa mu International Red Book.

Tsopano ma hyenas amayesedwa moyenerera ngati dongosolo la malo otseguka a ku Africa. Kudya mitembo ya nyama zakufa, nyama izi zimaletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa m'chipululu ndi zipululu. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti popanda zolengedwa zonyozeka zakalezi, ma savannah akanatha kukhala dothi lopanda ana.

Nanga bwanji nyama zoseketsazi ndizodabwitsa? Poyamba, thupi la nyemba limatha kukana tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo ndi mliri wa anthrax ku Luangwa mu 1897, pomwe mvuu zopitilira 400 zidamwalira ndi matendawa. Ndipo mitembo yawo, yomwe idapangitsa kuti matendawa afalikire, idadyanso ma hyen. Ndipo sikuti zimangodzivulaza zokha: magulu oseketsa nawonso adakwanitsa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwawo pakudya popanda grub yaulere.

Kuphatikiza apo, mafinya amakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimatha kukuta mafupa, komanso nyanga, ndi ziboda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mulibe mafupa amanyama m'matanthwe aku Africa.

Gawo lotsatira la ziphuphu ndi kuti poyamba mukaona, komanso kuchokera kwachiwiri, komanso kachitatu, ndizosatheka kudziwa komwe ali komanso komwe ali. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti pomwe amuna amakhala ndi “gawo” lamphongo, zazimayi zimakhala ndi chinthu chofanana ndi icho, mukamayang'anitsitsa zimasandulika kukhala hypertrophic clitoris. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mafupa akhala akuti ndi hermaphrodites.

Cholinga cha "mphamvu zachikazi" zochititsa chidwi chotere ndi testosterone, momwe m'magazi azimayi apakati mumatuluka magawo khumi, pomwe mwa zolengedwa zina zimayamwitsa kuchuluka kwa "mdani" wake - estrogen - kumawonjezeka nthawi imeneyo. Testosterone ndiyomwe imayambitsa kukhazikitsa machitidwe a amuna, asayansi akuwafotokozera ndi chikhalidwe chamwano cha akazi. Mwa njira, chachikazi chimakhala pamutu pake. Nyama zina, mtsogoleriyo akhoza kukhala wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. Mu ma hyenas, ndi mayi yekha yemwe angakhale chinthu chachikulu. Kugonana koyenera kwa ma hyenas nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, kwamphamvu komanso mwankhalwe kuposa abambo, omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosaoneka bwino.

Koma, ngakhale zonsezi, mafinya ndi amayi osamala kwambiri. Kuthamangitsa amuna kuti asagwire nyama, iwo anali oyamba kuvomereza ana ake kwa icho. Mwa njira, fisi amadyetsa mkaka wa ana ake kwa miyezi pafupifupi 20. Komabe, ndiyenera kunena kuti amayi amakonda kwambiri ana awo. Fisi akapita kukasaka, ana awo amakhalabe oyang'aniridwa ndi "alonda" omwe angawateteze, koma sadzawadyetsa, ndiye tsoka lalikulu lingachitike kwa amayi awo ...

Achichepere mu hyenas amakhalanso achilendo. Poyamba, akatswiriwa sanavomerezane kuti aziwatcha chiyani: tiana kapena ana agalu, chifukwa sanasankhe kuti ndi banja liti la hyena lomwe lili pafupi. Koma mosasamala momwe amatchulidwira, ana amabadwa amawona, ali ndi mano opanga bwino komanso amakwiya kwambiri. Kwa iwo, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumayambira pomwepo pakubadwa. Kitundu iliyonse (kapena ana agalu) safuna kukhala woyamba pakati pa abale ake, koma yekhayo. Chomwe chimapangitsa zonsezi ndi testosterone yemweyo, yomwe imadumphira mu zinyenyeswazi zokongola izi. Pakapita kanthawi, msambo wake umatsika, ndipo ana opulumuka amakhalanso ndi moyo zochulukirapo kapena pang'ono.

Ziphuphu ndi othamanga abwino. Pakusaka, amatha kufikira liwiro la 65 km / h ndikuusunga makilomita asanu. Poona nyamazi, akatswiri akana nthano ina yokhudza kuseka anthu ku Africa. Ndikusaka, osati kusaka nyama zakufa, ndiyo njira yopezera chakudya. Amadyera kwambiri nyumbu, amadya pafupifupi 10% ya chiwerengero chawo chaka chilichonse, potero amathandiza kuwongolera.

Ndipo kaloti ochokera ku savannah amadya zowola nthawi yadzuwa. Kenako zitsamba zimapita kukafunafuna madzi ndi chakudya, zikusiyanso mitembo ya abale olimba. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe mafinya amapezera chakudya, akafika, nyama zimadya chilichonse, kuphatikiza mafupa, nyanga ndi ziboda, ngakhale udzu ungathe kuwotchera ukhondo. Mukakwanira chisangalalochi, mafinya amatha kugwira dzanja kapena kupukusira kwa mnzake wosaganizira, osazindikira ngakhale pang'ono.

Atatha kudya, nyamazo zimapumula kumapeto kwa masana, zimagona pansi pamthunzi ndikudziwaza ndi dothi. Mwambiri, amakonda kusamba kosiyanasiyana - ndi madzi, matope, ndi fumbi. Pali chida chimodzi cholumikizidwa ndi kukhudzika kwawo, zomwe sizikupanga kuti madongosolo aku Africa azioneka okongola pamaso pa munthu: ziphuphu zimakonda kukhazikika pazotsalira. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti njirayi itatha kununkhiza, kuyiyika pang'ono pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, monga asayansi azindikira, kununkhira kowonekera kwambiri, kumakhala kwaulemwini kwambiri. Koma mafisi sanakhalepo ndi chidwi ndi maluwa onunkhira pa ubweya wa anthu amtundu wawo ...

Nawa, magulu akuseka mlengalenga mu Africa.

magwero
http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-29371/
http://www.animalsglobe.ru/gieni/
http://superspeak.ru/index.php?showtopic=540

Nayi chikumbutso cha nyama zosangalatsa: Chakudya chamadzulo, coati kapena mphuno chabendipo apa Pangolin wokhala ndi zida. Chabwino, okongola Red Wolf (Cuon alpinus)

Dzira loyambilira la Carl Faberge

Inali mphatso yochokera kwa Alexander Wachitatu kwa mkazi wake pa Isitara.

Mkati mwa dzira yolk anali akukankhira golide, mu yolk a enameled golide nkhuku ndi nkhuku mkati kabuku korona wachifumu ndi diamondi ndi rube m'khosi ndi unyolo mu mawonekedwe a mazira (monga nthano za Koshchey!).

Korona ndi kuyimitsidwa zimatayika. A Maria Fedorovna anasangalala ndi mphatsoyo. Fabergé anakhala bwalo jeweler ndipo wakhala anapanga mazira chaka. Panali zochitika ziwiri: dzira liyenera kukhala lapadera ndipo payenera kukhala kudabwitsidwa mkati!

Zovala za Chikopa cha Salmon

Ngati undershirt yotentha jekete wachifumu mwana anapangidwa kuchokera nsomba khungu. Adasoka ndi mayi-Nanai waku Chigwa cha Amur, ngakhale chinthucho chikuwoneka ngati chovala chovala bwino kuchokera kumsonkhano wouziridwa ndi East wa Dries Van Noten.
Ukadaulo wopanga ndi wovuta kwambiri: khungu linapangidwa mwanjira yapadera, yoyesedwa ndi Nanai akuganiziridwa ndi zana la XI. Khungu anali kutsukidwa yachinyengo, titanyowa zouma, myalas anachitira ndi nyumba yapadera, ndipo kenako akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osokera.

Pikipiki yamagulu ankhondo IMZ-8.1031P "Ural"

Zomwe zatchulidwa pakuyendetsa njinga yamoto ya Irbit zidavomerezedwa ndi Deputy Director wa Federal Border Service (FPS), Colonel General M.L. Kushel. Monga zinachitika pa kutukula za atenga anayesa ndipo anakhala "alendo".

Pamafunika kuti muikonzere ndi galimoto yoyendetsa njinga yamagalimoto, kukhazikitsa taptt mmenemo kuti mukweze mfuti ya makina a RPK-74M, perekani makinawo ndi mutu wowonjezera ndikuyika chida chida - simudzalemba zonse. Galimoto yoyendetsa makina adapangidwa ndi opanga A. Shelepov ndi V. Yanin. Galimoto yatsopano kuzindikiridwa IMZ-8.1031P (malire a IMZ).

Ku Irbit, mitundu iwiri ya njinga zamoto zankhondo idapangidwa, ndizosiyana pamagalimoto okhaokha. Ntchito yoyamba ndi masiyanidwe, wachiwiri - pa zowalamulira. Kutsiriza kwa kalavani yam'mbali kuti ikwaniritse yomwe idayikidwapo idachitika ndi wopanga A.V. Khalturin, ndipo adapanga kuti njirazi zigwirizane ndi njinga yamoto ngakhale zitayikidwamo - kusiyanitsa kapena kakanema.

Woyendetsa woyesa A. Yu. Tyulenev adauza: "Masiyanidwe mwina ife skated msanga. Sitinaloledwe kukwera ndi zida, ndipo tinasinthanitsa ndi katundu wofanana. Pa msewu wopendekeka, galimoto idayenda mosavuta, ndipo chifukwa chocheperako magudumu, zimawoneka kuti mphamvu ya injiniyo idakwera kwambiri. Pamene galimoto kudutsa puddles, ndi matope maenje anali kukhala osamala. Ngati wilo imodzi yamagalimoto idagunda, njingayo idayima, ndipo yachiwiri - idazungulira mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha izi, mwini wa "kusiyanitsa" amayenera kukulitsa njira yapadera yoyenda. Atakwera njinga yamoto ndi kamera zowalamulira - ndi nkhani ina. Pa mseu wabwino mumathamanga ndionyamula olumala, monga zimakhalira "Ural". Mukafika kudera lofooka (chithaphwi chachikulu, mapepala am'madzi, sandwich), mumayimitsa, kudula mu wheelchair drive ndikumapumira ngati thirakitala osaterera, kupopera madzi, dothi kapena mchenga. Kuthana ndi vuto linalake, amasiya ndi lophimba pa ophimba pagalimoto. Kupanda kutero, pa asphalt, njinga yamoto imakhala yosalamulirika (kusuntha molunjika kokha). Ndipo - monga momwe zimakhalira "Urals" ...

Choncho mungachite ndi opanda ungwiro. Ogwiritsa ntchito njinga zamoto odziwa bwino (othamanga, oyesa) amakhala ndi "kusiyanasiyana", ndipo oyendetsa njinga zamoto omwe sakudziwa zambiri omwe amayenera kuyendetsa mumisewu yopanda msewu, kupita pagalimoto yolumikizika. Kodi yankho labwino ndichotheka?

Ine ndikuganiza choncho: potseka masiyanidwe ndi zida kuchepetsa awiri gawo. Komabe, ndimayendedwe owonjezereka ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono amitundu yosiyanayi yamagetsi, kupanga mapangidwe otere (komanso nthawi yotsika mtengo) sikophweka. Apa makasitomala amakhutira ndi njira ziwiri zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mu 1997, IMZ bungwe la FPS anayamba kupanga magalimoto 100. Chimaliziro chinawabalalitsa iwo konsekonse, ndipo iwo anapita kumayiko ena. Colonel wa asitikali oyendetsa ndege V.T. Berezenec, yemwe watumikira ku Kosovo kwa miyezi 10 kuyambira pa February 2000, akuti: "Ine anapita" Ural "ndi masiyanidwe a. Galimoto idayenda mokongola m'misewu yamapiri ndipo osandikhumudwitsa. Ndikukumbukira kuti ndinali ndi mwayi woyendetsa njinga yamoto ngakhale nditadzaza ndi anthu atatu kuphatikiza zida. "

Mu 2000, "alonda" anali utoto ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kubisa (Russian ndi NATO) The UN ndi woyera. Border Guard yawonetsedwa pazowonetsa zingapo. Pa Nizhny Tagil URAL EXPO ARM-2000, zosankha ziwiri zidawonetsedwa: ndi mfuti ya makina a RPK-74M ndi Konkurs-M anti-tank missile system (ATGM).

Pulezidenti Russian Vladimir Putin, yemwe anapita chionetserocho, anaona awiri njinga yamoto Irbit ndi bwino za iwo. Vladimir Vladimirovich sindiye yekha pakuwunika kwake kwagalimoto zowopsa.

Kuwombera kuchokera ku ATGM komwe kwakwezedwa pa IMZ-8.1031P kunakhala kotsika mtengo kakhumi kuposa kuchokera pamakina omwewo pagalimoto yonyamula zida. Mpaka mumayesto mmene kudya kotunga unsembe udindo yowotcha, nanga dzuwa la moto, koma kuti adzakhala mkulu, mopanda kukaika. Kwa ife, tikuwona: IMZ-8.1031P yokhala ndi cam clutch ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa kusiyanitsa komanso yosavuta kugwira ntchito.

Wopangidwa mu 2001 ndi injini wapamwamba wa 750 cm3, idakhala SUV yeniyeni. Akumuyembekezera ku Russia ndi mayiko ena. Amalota makope a njinga zamotozi m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale - IMZ ndi Polytechnic likulu.

MISONKHANO YOPHUNZITSIRA IMZ-8.1031P MOTORCYCLE

M'lifupi, mm - 1700

Kutalika, mm - 1100

Chilolezo chokwanira pantchito yonse, mm - 125

mbali ngolo - Mgwirizano

Kukula kwa matayala, mainchesi - 4,00-19

Kuthamanga kwambiri, km / h - 90

kulemera makilogalamu youma - 310

Zolemba malire pazowonjezera, kg - 255

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamafuta, l - 19

Control mafuta pa 100 kukafika pa khwalala pa liwiro la 50-60 Km / h, L - 7,8

Mtundu - mikwingwirima inayi, awiri-silinda, pamutu, akutsutsa

Bore, mm - 78.0

Sitiroko, mm - 78,0

Kugwira voliyumu, cm3 - 750

Chiwerengero cha compression ndi 7.0

Mphamvu yayikulu, h.p. - 40

Kuthamanga kwa Crankshaft pa mphamvu yayikulu, 1 / mphindi - 5500

Kukhazikitsa - woyamba, woyambitsa

Clutch - yowuma, iwiri-disc

Final galimoto - cardan ndi awiri magiya bevel

Wheelchair Drive - Cam Coupling ndi Cardan Shaft

Oleg Kurikhin "MOTORCYCLES A NEW RUSSIA"

Gorokhova Nadezhda Mikhailovna. "Pykhtina. Nkhani Za Mudzi ”

Ndidabadwa mu Seputembara 1941 ku Pykhtino mnyumba 2. Pambuyo pake, makolo adagula gawo la nyumbayo pafamuyo, ndipo mu 1947 tidasamukira kumeneko. Magetsi adali anayatsa nyumba Lucino, pambuyo anagula makandulo ndi kuziika mu mbiya.

Kuyambira 1949, ndinaphunzira pasukulu ina ku Vnukovo, ndidaphunzira zaka zonse 10. Pambuyo pake, sukulu iyi idapatsidwa nambala 13. Mu kalasi yoyamba, tidapita ndi Nina Maslakova, Vova Plokhov ndi Vova Roshkin.

Chapakatikati, kupita kusukulu kunali kovuta. Ine ndikukumbukira nthawi ina m'chaka ife Lesch Maslakov, m'bale Nina womwe unachitikira pa mtsinje, podikira "Aleshin Botschagow," ife anatuluka n'kupita kuphiri Shelbutovoy ndipo anawoloka kumunda ku sukulu. Ankapita panthawiyi mu nsapato za mphira. Ndipo pobwerera, mtsinjewo udadzaza ndi kusefukira. Kenako mlathowo unali wotsika kwambiri, komanso tinazungulira pansi pathu. madzi anali pamwamba nsapato zake, koma sakanachitira mwina, timapita pa zitsulo. Nsapato zidatunga madzi ozizira amtsinje, ndipo tidanyowa tidathamangira kunyumba kuti tiume.

Pambuyo pake adayamba kupanga damu, koma pomwepo sanadzaze mpaka kumapeto, koma anasiya njira yopangira madzi. Kamodzi tidayenda ndi Vovka Plokhov, ndipo adagwa mu njira iyi. Mtsinje anali mofulumira kwambiri. Ine ndi anyamata aja tidatha kumugwira Vovka, ndipo botolo lake lidasambira. Sindikumbukira momwe tinafikira, koma zonse zidatha bwino. Pambuyo pake, malangizo adabwera kusukulu kuti ana a Pykhta sayenera kuloledwa kupita okha. Ndipo ife anadikira mzake kusukulu kuti bwinobwino kwambiri kuyenda pamodzi m'mudzi.

Ndipo nthawi ina nthawi yozizira kunali namondwe wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti palibe chomwe chidawoneka. Tinasiya sukulu ndikulunjika kumudzi. Titafika kumtsinje, zidapezeka kuti tawonongeka pamsewu ndipo sitinapite kubuloko, koma ku Dam. Ndipo ku nyumba anali akali kudutsa m'munda.

Zinali zovuta ndi madzi, amapita kukatenga zidebe zothirira, kapena mtsinje, kapena dziwe. Milatho idapangidwa pambuyo pake patapita nthawi, ndipo tidapita kale kukachapira zovala. Komanso sizinali zophweka kupita pachitsime cha kumwa, kudzera pabwalo lathu panali njira yopita kuchitsime kudzera mumtsinje. The otsetsereka pa miyala kumbuyo pabwalo athu anali okuya kwambiri, ndipo njira ang'ono mpaka ku zithunzi zitatu. Kubwerera mmbuyo kunali kovuta kwambiri, njirayo inali yopapatiza komanso yamchenga. Ndi rocker sizinali bwino kwenikweni. Panthawi inayake, adayamba kuba m'munda: mwina mabanki amatha kutha mpanda, kapena china. O, amene sankadziwa, koma amayi anga anapita ku munda ndipo anapempha kutseka ndimeyi. Ndunayi idatsekedwa posachedwa, ndipo njira idapangidwa kupita kuchitsime cha Malashina Gora (kuseri kwa nyumba No. 41). Panalipo chitsime kuseri kwa Basovs, kutali ndi malo osewerera apano. Anali pafupi m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, koma m'madzi osefukira anali wosefukira.

Nthawi zonse ng'ombe amene ankakhala mu holo. Tinkakhala ndi nkhuku ndi atsekwe, panali mbuzi, nthawi zonse timakhala ndi nkhumba. Mimbulu idasungidwa komanso oyandikana nawo. Ngati tidula nkhumba, ndiye kuti tidagawa, pang'ono amatengedwa ndi azakhali a Nastya Maslakova, pang'ono ndi Aunt Vera Odinokova. Ndiye anadza kwa anansi ena anapha nkhumba ndi kale anapereka gawo la ife. Ndipo kenako enawo adadulidwa. Tinkakhala ndi nyama nthawi zonse.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, tinali ndi zosangalatsa: Ine, mnzanga Nina ndi amayi ake, Aunt Nastya Maslakova, zojambula zokongoletsera ndi mtanda wa ku Bulgaria. Tinagula zithunzi ndi masitolo thonje nakhala m'nyumba ya munthu wina, kodi needlework. Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri.

Inde, panali zosangalatsa zina. Wina akasewera ukwati, amakweradi mawindo kuti adzaone chikondwererochi, kamodzi, pa ukwati wa Sonya Mokrova, amatilowetsa pachitofu. Ife chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano ndi Utatu, ndi pa Isitala anyamata kumidzi nthawi adagulung'undisa mazira m'phirimo.

Zithunzi zomwe zalembedwa patsamba la gorokhovaya Nadezhda Mikhailovna. Nkhani kuchokera m'buku la “Puff. Nkhani Za Mudzi ”.

Merkushina Antonina Kirillovna. “Puff. Nkhani Za Mudzi ”

Unali pa Meyi 22, 1937, Nikolov Day, amuna am'mudzimo adakhala pansi kuti achite chikondwererochi, adasewera makadi. nyumba adathamanga Agogo Masha ndipo anakuwa kuti, "Kirill, Sasha akubala inu atakhala apo?". Kenako bambo adagwira ntchito pafamu yolumikizana, adatenga kavalo kuchokera pamenepo, ndikuyika amayi ndi mkazi wake Masha m'galimoto, ndipo adathamangira kuchipatala ku Peredeltsy. Sanachite. Agogo anga aakazi adabereka ndi amayi ake mu "ana", nkhalango yotchedwa kusungidwa kwa Nkhani, pamalo ophunzirira. Popeza Ndinabadwa. Ndipokhapo pomwe tidakafika kuchipatala.

Nkhondo itayamba, ndinali ndi zaka 4. Abambo adayitanidwira kutsogolo, ine ndimakhala kunyumba, mchimwene wanga Petya ndi amayi. Tinapita ku munda ntchito, chinachitika, mayi anga zikutifikitsa ndi kunena, "Apa m'pofunika tinyamuke udzu, koma zimenezi sizingatheke kwambiri." Chifukwa chake tidalandira "timitengo", zomwe zimalemba masiku antchito. Ndadzaza mabedi, ndipo mchimwene Petya hoeed, anali wamkulu kuposa ine, anali ndi zaka 7. Amayi pa famuyo anali cholumikizira, pamodzi ndi azakhali a Nyusha Basova, ndipo amafunika kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pantchito. Nthawi zina tidafika kuthandiza mayi anga, Lisa Utkin, ndipo iye ali ndi ife anapita ku munda mwamsanga ntchito mayi yachibadwa. Palibe ndalama yomwe idalipira pantchito, koma panali zolimbikitsira kukonza, mwachitsanzo, kavalo amaloledwa kulima dimba pansi pa mbatata.

Pomwe tsopano nyumba zakumidzi zozama komanso komwe akumanga pansi panthaka, panali munda waukulu wa tirigu ndi rye. Mundime iyi, amayi ndi azakhali a Lisa adatuta mbali iyi ndi chikwakwa, ndipo ife, ang'ono, tinatola mitolo, ndikuunjikiza.

Wood sanali, anapita ku nkhalango kudula umene unadulidwa mzere mkulu-voteji. Zotumphuka kuti zitha kutenthetsa nyumbayo ndi china chake. Zowonadi, bowa ndi zipatso adatola m'nkhalangomo; panali Hazel wamkulu.

Kuyandikira kwa Vnukovo Airport kudadzipangitsa kumverera, ndege za adani zimakonda kuponya bomba. Ntchito floodlights, tinakwera iwo. Timabisala kwa achifwamba, tidakhala nthawi imeneyi pantchito zathu. Ndipo malo opangira mafuta tsopano ali kuti, pafupi ndi poyimilira, ndege yathu inaonongeka. Panyumba yathu inali yomaliza pamudzi, ndipo oyendetsa mabala okhala ndi magazi amatifikira tikuwomba, ndipo amayi ndi azakhali a Lisa anali kuwazunza. Koma mwamsanga iwo kuti abwere ndi kuwafikitsa amaziona ngati ndege anagwa.

Pomwe zidalengezedwa kuti nkhondoyi yatha, tonse tidalira ndikulira ndi chisangalalo, momwe zimakhalira zosangalatsa, momwe ziliri zabwino! Tidadikiradi kuti abambo abwere kunyumba.

Pankhondo, bambo ake adagwidwa ndikugwidwa ndikupita ku Germany. Ife takhala tikuyembekezera kalata yochokera kwa atate wake, koma kalata sanali onse. Adamasulidwa, koma m'mbuyomu, momwe zidaliri, adagwidwa - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiwosaka. Kuchokera ku Germany, bambowo adathamangitsidwa kupita ku Ashgabat. Amagwira ntchitoyo mmisiri wopala matabwa komanso pulasitala. Letters sankaloledwa pochitika, ndipo sindikudziwa momwe ndi amene anapereka kalata yekha mu 1947. Titalandila nkhani kuchokera kwa iye - ndipamene tidakondwera!

Nthawi zonse ndimajambula chithunzi chake. Kumayambiriro kwa 1948, Papa adamasulidwa patchuthi, ndipo anabwera kwa ife. Ndimakumbukira, mu nyumba yakale ya pansi wanga, ndipo iye amayenda pakhomo. Zachidziwikire, panali misozi, ndipo chilichonse padziko lapansi ... Abambo athunthu adamasulidwa kunyumba kumapeto kwa chaka.

Ndimakumbukira bwino momwe akaidi aku Germany omenyera nkhondo adatsogolera m'mudzi mwathu. Adawongolera kupita ku Vnukovo. Nkhondo itatha, dziko la Germany adamanga nyumba zizinji kumeneko, ndipo maofesi ena ndege.

Nkhondo itatha, ndidapita kusukulu, ndidaphunzira ku Izvarino. Pambuyo pake adasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Izvarino kupita ku sukulu ya Pakhul. Amapita kusukulu atavala jekete, ovala bwino, china pamiyendo chawo chinali: buti kapena nsapato zina zakale zomverera. Ndani kodi tipite ndi kupita. Kuyambira kalasi yachisanu, sukulu idatsegulidwa ku Vnukovo, pomwe ndidamaliza mpaka grade 7.

Mu tchuthi cha m'mudzimo, maukwati nthawi zonse ankakondweretsedwa. Ndikukumbukira kuti azakhali anga a Nastya Maslakova adaperekedwa kuti akwatire mwana wawo wamkazi Nina. Mayi anga anali munthu wansangala, perky, akazi onse, bungwe anasonkhana, ndipo iwo anapita kulemekeza. M'mbuyomu, nthawi zonse mumapita kukakhala ndi ulemu, mkwatibwi amapereka mphatso chifukwa cha izi. Tsiku lotsatira anapatsidwa keke yomwe mkwatibwi anaphika, botolo. Amayi, azakhali a Vera Odinokova, azakhali a Tanya Sugrobova adzapita ku famuyo ndikamavina ndikamavina.

Ndili mwana, ndinkakonda wankhanza. Tidali ndi a Obidin Tolya, anali olemera panthawiyo, ndipo bambo ake, Amalume a Seryozha, adamugulira bwato la mphira. Ndipo ingoikani Zoyka Odinokova mwa iye, ndipo asambira limodzi. Zachidziwikire, takhumudwitsidwa - amapitilira, koma sitinatero. Chabwino, ife podnyrnem pansi ngalawa, koma mungaimitse izo. Zoyka adalumpha, ndipo magalasi ake okha ndi omwe akuyang'ana m'madzi.

Ngakhale Tolya ankakonda kwambiri kuyenda mumtsinje, ndipo tinamutsatira. Amangosula, kulowa m'madzi kuti akasambe, ndipo titavala thalauza lake ndi T-sheti, timavutika ndi mipeni ndi misozi pamenepo.

nyumba zake zonse: ndipo zipatso ndi zipatso. Koma, monga akunena, "m'munda wachilendo ndiwosangalatsa." Pafupi ndi Shelbutovo panali dimba lalikulu, gooseberries ndi wakuda currants adakula, ndipo tinapita kumeneko kukagula zipatso. Ine, Zoya Odinokova ndi Vovka Obidin, m'bale wa Anatoly. Ine ndinaima apo, zipatso ong'ambika ndipo apangidwe mu matumba a jekete wake, ndi Zoya Vovka wosiyana ine, ndipo anagwira tcheyamaniyo. Ndipo pamene ndimathamangira kudutsa m'munda wa tirigu ndipo nditangomva momwe amaphulira kuchokera kwa bogeyman - ndinatero muudzu ndipo ndikuthawa chifukwa cha mantha, kenako ndinalumpha ndikuthamanga. Nditathawa mu kalabu ku Vnukovo ndipo ndinathamangira kudamu. Vovka ndi Zoyka adatengedwa kupita ku khonsolo yaku mudzi. Kale pa damu kudutsa m'mudzi bizinesi, ine ndikuyang'ana pozungulira nyumba ndi makolo athu, mayi ndi amalume Sergei Obidin, ndipo ndinawauza za m'thumba mwake gooseberries kukokera azichitira. Amayi, zachidziwikire, otembereredwa, adalonjeza kuti azitsuka jamu ili kuti asanyoze.

Moyo wachikulire ukuyambira molawirira, ndinapita kuntchito kuyambira wazaka 15. Amagwira ntchito m malo ogulitsira ku Moscow pa Solyanka.

Mu njira zambiri, iwo moyo kupyola mu munda wake. Mayi anga anali ndi ng'ombe, monga ndimakumbukira. Ngati sichoncho ng'ombe, tikadafa ndi njala. Amayi amapita ku Dorogomilovo, anali ndi makasitomala awo, amawanyamula mkaka kupita nawo kuzipinda. Back kumudikirira ndi bagels, shuga.

Tinkakhalanso ndi nyama zina. Ngati bambowo anali kudula nkhumba, amapita kukagulitsa nyama ku dachas la Olemba a Moscow. Kumene, kumene, anthu anali kukhala olemera kuposa ife. Iwo anapita kamodzi ndi mwamuna wanga, Eugene, analowa m'nyumba Utesova, ndipo apa iye akubwera ndi wantchito. Amamupangira nyama yawo, kenako amakambirana:

"Thirani magalamu 100," abambo akufunsa.

- Bwerani, mukumvera chisoni chiyani?

- Chabwino, apo, kutsanulira iwo pang'ono, - anati Utesov wantchito.

Zotsatira zake, adachoka atamwa, ndipo panjira yopita kwawo, ku Likovo, pafupi ndi nyumba ya Pasekovs, anaba galu. Galuyu wakhala m'banja lathu pafupifupi zaka 10, galu amatchedwa Baikal.

Zithunzi zomwe zili munkhaniyi kuchokera pa nkhokwe ya Merkushina Antonina Kirillovna. Nkhani m'buku "Pykhtina. Nkhani Za Mudzi ”

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Mzere wa Strena

Hyaena hyaena ndi nyama yomwe imadya nyama zamtunduwu. Zimatanthauza Hyaenidae banja. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana. Pali zosiyana pang'ono kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mtundu wake.

Kwenikweni, amagawidwa ndi malo:

• Hyaena hyaena hyaena makamaka zofala India.
• Hyaena hyaena barbara - woyimiridwa bwino Kumpoto kwa Africa.
• Hyaena hyaena dubbah - amakhala kumadera akumpoto kwa Africa. Kugawidwa ku Kenya.
• Hyaena hyaena sultana - zofala ku Arabiya.
• Hyaena hyaena syriaca - Yopezeka ku Israel ndi Syria, yomwe imadziwika ku Asia Minor, pang'ono ku Caucasus.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Mimbulu yopyapyala imawoneka ngati nyama zinayi nthawi imodzi: nkhandwe, nkhumba yamtchire, nyani ndi njuchi. Dzinalo lama hyena linaperekedwa ndi Agiriki akale. Atazindikira kufanana ndi nkhumba zakutchire, iwo adachemera Hus chilombo. Nkhope yakeyonse yokhala ngati fisi imafanana ndi nkhope ya nyani; mikwingwirima yopindika imakhala yofanana ndi kambuku.

Anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana omwe akukhala m'ma kontrakitala osiyanasiyana amati ndi zodabwitsazi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo. Ma ambuts omwe ali ngati ma hyenas amagwiritsabe ntchito ngati zisangalalo m'mitundu yambiri ya ku Africa. hyena The imatengedwa kuti ndi totem nyama. Amawerengeredwa ngati achitetezo a fuko, mabanja ndi oteteza banja.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Chinyama chamizeremizere

Korona waming'alu, mosiyana ndi abale ake, samalira kwambiri, koma osalira. Iwo akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ku mitundu ina mwa khutu. Zimapanga phokoso lalikulu, zokutira ndi zong'ung'udza. Imakhala ikugona, ngati kuti ukutsikira. Miyendo yakutsogolo yayitali kuposa yopondera. Long khosi apuma chachikulu mutu waukulu ndi ikhale pamphuno yosamveka ndi maso aakulu. Misozi imasokoneza gawo la mutu. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zazikulu, zopindika zitatu.

Vidiyo: Fisi Yemilo

Milozo afisi ndi yaitali, shaggy manyenje wa imvi ndi khosi lalitali ndi kumbuyo. Mtundu ndi imvi yachikasu yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yotsika thupi ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa pamiyendo. Mu wachikulire milozo yopyapyala, kutalika kuyambira kumunsi kumutu mpaka kumunsi kwa mchira kumafika pa 120 cm, mchira - 35 cm.

Fisi imakhala ndi mano olimba komanso minofu yolimba ya nsagwada. Ichi chizathandiza chilombo kupirira mafupa amphamvu nyama zikuluzikulu monga giraffe, Chipembere njovu.

Chosangalatsa: Ziphuphu zachikazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe abodza ogonana. Ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi amuna. Kwa nthawi yayitali ankakhulupirira kuti hyena hermaphrodite. Ndipotu ina mwa chuma lanthano chilombo. Mu nthano ndi nthano, kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa kugonana kumakhazikitsidwa ku hyena.

Akazi ndi okulirapo, ngakhale opepuka kulemera. Amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, chifukwa cha izi, amakhala akhama pantchito. Milozo afisi kulenga awiri, ndipo nthawi zina moyo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mtsogoleri amakhala wachikazi nthawi zonse. M'malo achilengedwe, nthawi yomwe nyama imadya imakonda kukhala zaka 10-15. M'malo opangira nyama ndi malo osungira nyama, mafutawa amakhala zaka 25.

Anthu wovulidwa hyena?

Chithunzi: Bukhu Lofiyira la Hyena

Mitambo yopyapyala ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe umapezeka kunja kwa Africa. Itha kupezeka ku Central Asia, Middle East ndi India. Afisi moyo mu Morocco, pagombe la kumpoto kwa Algeria, m'madera kumpoto kwa Sahara.

Chosangalatsa: Ma Hyenas sakhazikika kumadera omwe amakhala ndi chipale chofewa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, mizere yopyapyala imatha kukhala m'malo otentha kwambiri kuyambira masiku 80 mpaka 120, pomwe kutentha kumatsika mpaka -20 ° C.

Awa ndi nyama zotentha zomwe zimakonda nyengo yotentha komanso yanyengo. Amayang'anila kupulumuka m'madera youma ndi madzi pang'ono. Mitambo yopyapyala imakonda kukhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Awa ndi ma savannah owuma, nkhalango za mthethe ndi zitsamba, mapiri ndi zipululu. M'malo am'mapiri, milozo yopyapyala imatha kuwoneka pamalo okwera mpaka 3300 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mu Africa North, ndi hyena wovulidwa wakonda mitengo poyera ndi malo phiri ndi pamaso pa mitengo anamwazikana.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale akanagonjetsedwa ndi chilala, mafinya samakhazikika patali. Nyama zimafunika kumwa kosalekeza. Pamaso pa madzi, zimadziwika kuti ma hyenas amakhala akubwera nthawi zonse kuzinthu zothirira.

The mipata polowera mu khola wovulidwa afisi ndi awiri a ku masentimita 60 75 cm. Kuya kwa mpaka 5 m. Izi dzenje ndi khonde yaing'ono. Pali nthawi zina zomwe mafambo amakono amapukutira mpaka ma 27-30 mita.

Makulidwe ndi Kunenepa

Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira kuli pafupifupi masentimita zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri. Mchirawo ndi wautali masentimita makumi atatu ndi asanu, kutalika kwake pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera ku kilogalamu makumi awiri ndi kasanu mpaka makumi anayi ndi kasanu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nyama izi zimasiyana ndi kugonana kapena msinkhu kapena kutalika Komabe, amuna akhoza kukhala pang'ono kwambiri. Mwa chilengedwe, milozo yopyapyala imakhala yoposa zaka 12, ndipo m'malo osungira nyama - mpaka zaka 25.

Kodi fisi wamilozo amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mzere wa Strena

Milozo hyena - mkangaziwisi ungulates zakutchire ndi ziweto. Zakudyazo zimatengera malo ndi nyama zomwe zimayimiridwamo. Zakudyazo zimatengera zotsalira za nyama zophedwa ndi nkhokwe zazikulu, monga zodonthetsa kapena zodyetsa zazikulu zamiyendo: nyalugwe, mkango, nyalugwe ndi kambuku.

Mitengo yokhala ndi mitsempha yoyambilira imatha kukhala ziweto.Potsatira ng'ombe nyama msipu, afisi ikuyendayenda odwala ndi kuvulaza nyama, akutumikira monga medic. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti umapha ziweto komanso kusaka zitsamba zazikulu. Pali umboni wochepa pa izi. Maphunziro a zotsala fupa, tsitsi ndi ndowe m'chigawo chapakati cha Kenya anasonyeza kuti wovulidwa afisi komanso kudya nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi mbalame.

Chosangalatsa: Ziphuphu sizisamala kudya akamba amphaka. Ndi nkhono zawo zamphamvu, amatha kuthyola zipolopolo zotseguka. Ndiyamika mano amphamvu komanso olemera nsagwada minofu afisi amathanso kuswa ndi pogaya mafupa.

Chakudyacho chimathandizidwa ndi masamba, zipatso ndi ma invertebrates. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kupanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya zawo. Nyama bwinobwino adzapulumuka ndi madzi pang'ono kwambiri, ngakhale mchere. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, monga mavwende ndi nkhaka, zimadyedwa nthawi zonse ngati m'malo mwa madzi.

Pofufuza zakudya, mafinya owongoka amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Mu Egypt anawona gulu laling'ono la nyama Bay m'munsili katundu ndi ndalama osauka makilomita 8 mpaka 50 pa ola limodzi. Ma Hyenas adayenda m'chiyembekezo chofunafuna nyama zamitundu yayitali: ngamila ndi nyulu. Mumakonda kudya mafinya usiku. Kupatulapo - mitambo kapena nthawi mvula.

Mawu

Kuyankhulana momasuka sikumapangidwanso, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi mawu omveka osamveka komanso mawu angapo omwe mafiyala amapanga pakamenyana ndi anthu amtundu wina. The loudest, lofalitsidwa phokoso nyama kuti angamvele kawirikawiri ndithu - "cackling" kulira. Nyamandayo imamveka yomweyo ikasekerera.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Chinyama chamizeremizere

Moyo, zizolowezi ndi makhalidwe a afisi wovulidwa zosiyanasiyana mabacteria malo. Ku Central Asia, nzimbe zimakhala zokhazokha pamodzi. Ana agalu a chaka chapitacho amakhalabe m'mabanja. Akulu amenewa amathandiza kusamalira zinyalala akhanda. Amayi am'banja amasungidwa moyo wawo wonse.

Chapakati pa Kenya, malenzi amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Iwo harems komwe mwamuna ali akazi angapo. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimakhalira limodzi. Awa ndi magulu aanthu atatu komanso pamwambapa. akazi nthawi zina zokhudzana ndi mzake, ndi chipinda osiyana.

Ku Israel, mafisi amakhala okha. M'malo omwe mafambo okhala ndi mikwingwirima amakhala m'magulu, malo ochezera amakhala mwadongosolo kotero kuti amuna amalamulira. Afisi yang'anirani gawo secretions awo zopangitsa kumatako ndi kusiyanitsidwa.

Amakhulupirira kuti fambo lamizeremizere ndi nyama yamadzulo. Komabe, makamera amisala amakhala ndi mitambo yopepuka masana m'malo opezeka anthu.

Habitat

Milozo hyena wakonda zipululu dongo, koma amapezeka m'tsinde miyala. Imakhala m'malo opanda nthaka, nthawi zambiri yokutidwa ndi zitsamba zaminga. Fisi amapezeka m'miyala yamiyala ndi m'miyala, komanso m'misewu yotseguka yopanda udzu. Kuyesera kukhazikika mu chipululu, pamafunika momasuka ndi madzi. Dziwe liyenera kukhala lopanda ma kilomita khumi.

Izi ndi zowaza ndi njira yodyetsera. The zakudya tichipeza utagwa zanyama zosiyanasiyana ndi chakudya zinyalala. Samakana kudya mitembo yonse yaimuna ndi yayitali, monga mbidzi, miyala, mbidzi. Ngati minofu yofewa idadyedwa kale ndi wina, hyenas kumata mafupa.

Milozo hyena zowonjezera zakudya zake mbewu, zipatso, mbewu, nsomba, tizilombo, nthawi zina kupha yaing'ono nyama, makoswe, akalulu, mbalame, nyama zokwawa. Ofufuzawo adazindikira mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya zinyama zomwe zimatha kukhala nyama zamiyendo. Anthu ena aphunzira kusaka nyama zoweta (mbuzi, nkhosa, agalu). A chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafupa a nyama ndi ngakhale anthu mu zakudya nyama m'madera ena a m'dera limasonyeza kudalira pa afisi kuchokera miyambo ndi moyo am'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Middle East, miyala yamanda, kuwonjezera pamachitidwe awo, imalepheretsa mafinya: sawalola kukumba manda ndikudya zotsala za anthu.

Milozo ya Hyena Yemilo

Nyama imeneyi zimagwiritsa yogwira usiku. Usiku, mafutawa amayenda pamalo ake okha, ngakhale amakonda kupuma pagulu la abale angapo. Masana iye amabisala m'mizimba yambiri kapena m'miyala yamiyala. kamakumba una awo youma amanga chisokonezeko, mapanga kapena zikukhazikitsa mu kamakumba una wakale wa yoongoka, porcupines ndi nyama zina.

Mafuta amapita mwakachetechete, pamtunda kapena pagawo, ndipo sangathe kuzindikira ngakhale akukhala pafupi ndi munthu. Kuthamanga kwake sikupitirira kilomita eyiti pa ola limodzi. Kudziwa malangizo a chakudya kufufuza, hyena sagwiritsa ntchito mphepo malangizo, nthawi yomweyo bwinobwino izo zinabweretsa gusts fungo zovunda. Iye ndi mlendo komwe amapezeka zinyalala zotayidwa pafupi ndi malo okhala, m'minda yamtundu wa zipatso.

Mitambo yopyapyala ndiosamala kwambiri. Iye ali champhamvu ndi fungo ndi kumva: nyama akhoza kumva kuti palibe kwa khutu la munthu. Amagwira patali kwambiri mawu omwe olusa ena amapanga. Nthawi zambiri amatsogolera mafisi ku nyama, omwe atha kukhala patali. Komanso, wovulidwa hyena azichitira nyama ndi dongosolo olfactory kulankhulana. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino la chinyezi, chomwe ndi chinsinsi cha madera awo. Chochititsa chidwi, nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi fungo lapadera.

Zinthu zokhudza

Mbale yopyapyala imawerengedwa kuti ndi yocheperako, chifukwa imabala chakudya payekha. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri mafambo omwe amakhala m'mizere amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amatsogozedwa ndi mkazi wamkulu. Magulu awa, yodziwika ndi bungwe lina chikhalidwe. Achinyamata am'banjali amathandizira kudyetsa achichepere pobweretsa nyama kunyumba.

Ngakhale maubwenzi amtunda siali achizolowezi cha mizere yamafambo, koma panthawi imodzimodzi. Nora kawirikawiri ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa, choncho, nkomwe kuwateteza. Achichepere amawonetsa kugonjera kwawo kwa achikulire. Zosokoneza pagulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala nkhondo yamwambo, pomwe ma fisi amayesa kugwirana m'masaya awo. Woluza nkhondo limasonyeza subordination kusonyeza khansa kumatako.

Mitambo yokhala ndi miloza nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito nyama zina. Kuchokera pagulu lalikulu, mwachitsanzo, mikango, imasungidwa patali mwaulemu (pafupifupi mita makumi asanu). Pazifukwa zosadziwika, wovulidwa afisi zinthu zimadalitsidwa cha Crocuta crocuta (zamaangamaanga hyena) ndi kulola kuti akachotse zofunkha. Akazi achikulire ndi ochitirana nkhanza wina ndi mnzake, ndipo amakhala otchuka kwa amuna.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Mzere wa Hyena Cub

Mu wamkazi milozo hyena mu kutentha chikuchitika kangapo pachaka, zomwe zimawachititsa wakhama kwambiri. Fisi kumaswa mawoko pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Asanabadwe, mayi woyembekezera amafunafuna dzenje kapena kukumba yekha. Zinyalala avareji ana agalu atatu amabadwa, kupatula nthawi zambiri limodzi kapena anayi. Ma hyenas achichepere amabadwa ali akhungu, unyinji wawo ndi pafupifupi magalamu 700. Patatha masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi anayi, maso ndi makutu awo amatseguka.

Pa zaka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi wa ana agalu amatha kudya ndi kupukusa chakudya chotafuna. Koma chachikazi, monga lamulo, chimapitilirabe kuwadyetsa mkaka, kufikira atatembenuka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kukhala chaka. Kutha kwa akazi mwa mizere yovutikira kumachitika pakatha chaka chimodzi, ndipo amatha kubweretsa zinyalala zawo zoyamba zaka 15-18. Komabe, kuchita afisi kubereka koyamba mu miyezi 24-27.

Kusamalira ana kumachitika kokha ndi akazi. Fisi yachimuna siziwoneka mu khola. Asayansi anayeza m'mapanga awiri mu Karakum chipululu. M'lifupi mwake malowedwe anali 67 cm ndi 72 cm.Mtunduwu, mabowo amapita pansi pa nthaka mpaka akuya ma 3 ndi 2.5 metres, ndipo kutalika kwawo kunafika pa 4.15 ndi 5 m, motsatana. Chochola chilichonse chimayimira danga limodzi lopanda "zipinda" ndi nthambi.

Pa yemweyo afisi nthawi m'mene angatetezedwe mu Isiraeli, yodziwika ndi dongosolo zovuta kwambiri ndi kwambiri kutalika - mpaka 27 m.

Adani achilengedwe a milozo

Chithunzi: Striped Red Book Hyena

Kuthengo, mu hyena wovulidwa ndi yaing'ono adani zokwanira. Si mdani wamkulu wazolowera zilizonse okhala m'dera lomwelo.

Izi ndichifukwa cha zikhalidwe za hyena ndi machitidwe ake:

• Hyena sichifa mosatekeseka kwambiri, osakhumudwitsa mu gululo,
• Amasaka chakudya makamaka usiku,
• Mukakumana ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu, imakhala malo osachepera 50m,
• Limayenda pang'onopang'ono, zigzagging.

Izi sizitanthauza kuti fisi sasemphana ndi nyama zina konse. Pali nthawi zina pomwe mafinya amayenera kulimbana ndi nyalugwe ndi njuchi pofuna kuthamangitsa chakudya. Koma m'malo munthu wolemera zochitika izo sizipanga ogwirira zikuluzikulu mitundu ina ya adani a afisi.

Tsoka ilo, izi sizinganenedwe za anthu. Mitambo yopyapyala ili ndi mbiri yoyipa. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti aukire ziweto ndi ngakhale kukathira nkhondo manda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa anthu komwe amakhala m'malo am'madzi kumawawona ngati adani ndipo amayesera kuti awononge posachedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitsempha yamizeremizere nthawi zambiri imakhala chinthu choopseza.

Mu Africa North, amaganiza kuti ziwalo za afisi kuchiritsa zosiyanasiyana matenda. Mwachitsanzo, mafupa a chiwindi akhala akuyesera kuchiza matenda amaso. Amakhulupiriranso kuti khungu la fambo lakakulidwe limatha kuteteza mbewu kuimfa. Onse kumam'phunzitsa izi chakuti hyena akufa chinthu chotentha pa msika wakuda. Kufufuza makamaka ma fisi amapangidwa ku Morocco.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Photo: The wamkazi milozo hyena

Palibe deta yeniyeni yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti fisi wokhala ndi milozo, mosiyana ndi mafuta amtunduwu, si nyama yomwe ili pakatipo. Tikhoza kunena kuti ngakhale dera yaikulu kwambiri, chiwerengero cha afisi wovulidwa pa wina gawo munthu ali wamng'ono.

Malo ochuluka kwambiri pomwe ma hybras amitengo adawonapo amakhala ku Middle East. Anthu ochulukirapo adapulumuka pa Kruger National Park ku South Africa komanso m'chipululu cha Kalahari.

Mu 2008, Union Mayiko kwa Conservation ya Nature ndi Natural Resources anapanga hyena milozo pa mndandanda wa mitundu ovutikawo. Mitambo yopyapyala imalembedwanso m'bukhu la International Red Book. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikizidwa ndizovuta za anthu. Anapeza pa zaka za tsankho afisi n'kuzitentha adani a anthu am'deralo mu Africa North, ndi India ndi ku Caucasus.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma hyenas amakhala m'malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow, likulu la Egypt, Cairo, American Fort Worth, Olmen (Belgium) ndi malo ena ambiri. Mitambo yopyapyala imakhalanso ku Tbilisi Zoo, koma, mwatsoka, nyamayo idamwalira mu 2015, pomwe kusefukira kwamphamvu ku Georgia.

Security wovulidwa hyena

Chithunzi: Bukhu Lofiyira la Hyena

Mitambo yopyapyala imaperekedwa kwa nyama zapafupi ndi mitundu yomwe imawopsezedwa kuti itha. The International Red Book zinandipangitsa mu 2008, ndipo mu Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russian - by 2017.

Pofuna kuteteza anthu ambiri, mizere yozungulira imasungidwa m'malo osungirako nyama ndi m'malo osungira anthu. Masiku ano, nyamayi ikhoza kupezeka m'mapaki adziko la Africa - mwachitsanzo, ku Masai Mara (Kenya) ndi Kruger (South Africa). Afisi moyo mu malo ndi Badkhyz (Turkmenistan), ndipo mu malo otetezedwa a Uzbekistan.

Muukapolo, kuchuluka kwa chiyembekezo cha hyenas kumakhala pafupifupi kuwirikiza chifukwa chosamalidwa mosamala ndi kuwongolera kwa veterinarians. M'malo osungira nyama, amaberekana, koma anthu amakonda kudyetsa ana. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka ka m'mene angatetezedwe wamkazi hyena ana zonse limakokera miyendo ndipo angathe kuwapha.

Kutchire, kuba pangozi ndi ngozi yayikulu kwa mitsempha yolumidwa. Amakhala makamaka ku Africa. M'mayiko African ndi zilango okhwima kwa kusaka oletsedwa. Ma hyenas amasungidwa pafupipafupi ndi magulu owunika zida. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hyenas nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndipo, amatenthedwa ndi ma tranquilizer, ophatikizidwa ndi tchipisi. Iwo asapasana younikira kayendedwe ka nyama.

Milozo yamizere - Ichi ndi cholusa cholusa chomwe chili ndi zizolowezi zosangalatsa komanso chikhalidwe. Mbiri yopanda tanthauzo ya Hyena imangokhala chifukwa cha zamatsenga komanso mawonekedwe ake achilendo. Ambiri, ndi wofatsa kwambiri ndi mtendere nyama ndi mtundu wa mwadongosolo zinyama.