- Swordsmen (lat.Xiphophorus) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zokhala ndi ubweya wa banja Pecilius (Poeciliidae) wa dongosolo Carp-like (Cyprinodontiformes).
Kugawidwa m'madzi oyera aku Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras) ndi Mexico. Mtundu umasintha kuchokera pakuda mpaka ndimu.
Mitundu ingapo ndiyotchuka pakati pa asodzi am'madzi.
Maganizo ofananira (anapitilizidwa)
Nkhaniyi imanena za nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti bakha mandby. Kwa nsomba zam'madzi abwino zomwe zimadziwika kuti Chinese perch, onani nsomba zaku China.Mandarin bakha (Latin: Synchiropus splendidus) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zazing'ono zowoneka bwino zochokera ku banja la a Lyre (Callionymidae).
Ngati titenga nsomba za m'madzi zokhala ndi moyo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndizosiyanasiyana. Kutengera ndi gulu la B. Posekert (Germany), lomwe limafotokoza nsomba zam'madzi zoyera zamadzi. Si nsomba zonse m'magulu kapena genera zomwe ndi viviparous. Si nsomba zonse zaukali zomwe zili pagome, popeza zambiri sizingasungidwe mu aquarium kapena zam'madzi (mwachitsanzo, shaki za viviparous).
Makhalidwe
Izi nsomba zimachokera ku Central America ndipo zimapezeka m'madzi a Honduras, Mexico ndi Guatemala. Malupanga athengo amadziwika ndi mtundu wopera, poyerekeza ndi miyala ya m'madzi. Xiphophorus hellerii imatha kukhala yonse mukuthamanga komanso madzi, m'malo omwe kuli algae ndi tizilombo tambiri.
Xiphophorus hellerii imawoneka yayikulu kwambiri - yamphongo imakhala ndi kukula kwa 10-11 cm, yachikazi ndi yayikulu - 12 cm, oyimira aquarium ndi ochepa. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo: zaka 3-5. Mtundu wa thupi ukhoza kukhala wosiyana - pamiyeso yamtchire, masikelo oteteza ku maolivi achikasu, mwa amuna mchira wautali umaonekera. Wofiyira, wobiriwira, wachikaso, wamawangamawanga, akuda - aliyense wa malupanga awa amatha kupezeka m'mizinda yakunyumba.
Dimphphism ya kugonana imanenedwa: pa maliseche aakazi aakazi palibe lingaliro lalitali lalitali ngati "lupanga", lamphongo limakhala nalo. Wamphongo amakhala ndi anal analipinda kukhala “chubu” (gonopodia). Ma anal anal aakazi amakhala ozungulirazungulira. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma chromosome ogonana, nthawi zina anthu opanga malupanga amatha kusintha kugonana - akazi amakula m'munsi mchira, ndikuyang'anira akazi ena.
Onerani kanema wothandiza pakusunga malupanga.
Malamulo Okhatikiza
Magawo oyenera am'madzi momwe nsomba zimakwanira ndi: kutentha: 22-26 ° C, acidity 6.5-7.5 pH, kuuma - pafupifupi 5 mpaka 15 °. Chisamaliro chokwanira chitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kusefedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo yamkati, kubwezeretsa sabata ndi 20% ya madzi abwino ndi oyera. Onetsetsani kuti mwatseka thanki ndi chivindikiro - malupanga ndi otakataka ndipo adadumpha.
Zomera zazitali zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono kapena otambalala ndizoyenera kukongoletsa: elodea, cryptocoryne, anubias, echinodorus, masamba-muvi, wallisneria ndi ena. Monga dothi, mchenga kapena miyala yamiyala ndiyabwino. Ikani zimbudzi zambiri mu thanki kuti akazi azitha kubisala kwa amuna anzawo.
Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana: perekani zakudya zouma, zouma, zouma ndi zomera. M'malo achilengedwe, Swordsmen amadya zomera ndi algae, kotero, zomwe zimakhala mu zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya bwino. Xiphophorus hellerii amadya nyongolotsi zam'magazi, machubu, corotra, cyclops, daphnia, artemia, mphutsi zamatenda, letesi ndi sipinachi, zimadyetsa spirulina. Mutha kuperekanso zida zakugwa, mapepala okhala ndi chizindikiro.
Tayang'anani pa gulu la alupanga.
Zosiyanasiyana
Red Swordsman ndi mawonekedwe wosakanizidwa a Green Swordsman ndi Red Pecilia. Amadziwika ndi mamba owala, mamba wofiyira adapezeka chifukwa cha kusankha okhwima kwa akuluakulu. Kusamalira nsomba ndikosavuta, imasinthika mosavuta ku aquarium wamba. Kutentha kwa madzi akukonza: 22-25 ° C, acidity 6.5-7.5 pH, kuuma kwapakatikati.
The Black Swordsman ndi mbadwa ya Green Swordsman ndi Black Pecilia. Thupi ndi lalitali komanso lopapatiza, mtundu wa masikelo ndiwowoneka wakuda, wowoneka bwino wofiirira. Maso ndi osalaza ndi mwana wosautsa. Kuswana kwamtunduwu ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mkazi amatha khansa ya pakhungu - yowonjezera khungu pakhungu. Nthawi zina wamkazi amatha kukhala wopanda chonde, chifukwa chake kubereka kumakhala ndi magawo oyenera amadzi. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mtundu, zazikazi siziyenera kudutsana ndi amuna amtundu wina. Zovala zokongola zimapezeka ndikuwoloka kwa malupanga wobiriwira ndi pecilia wakuda.
Calico Swordsman - adatipatsa dzina chifukwa cha mitundu itatu ya masikelo. Mabulangeti akuda ndi ofiira amabalalika pazithunzi zoyera. Kudzola mafuta kumavulanso - ndizovuta kupanga mtundu wa calico. Masiku ano, okonda madzi am'madzi amayesera kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya Pecilia ndi "malupanga" kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino, koma pakadali pano sanapambane.
Rainbow Xiphophorus hellerii ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umayambitsidwa kudzera mwa malupanga oyera achi Bulgaria. Mitundu ya masikelo ndi yobiriwira imvi, yokhala ndi lalanje wonunkhira, mikwingwirima yofiirira imawoneka pa iyo. Zipsepazo zimapaka utoto wofiirira.
Tiger ofiira amakono a Xiphophorus hellerii - mtunduwo udawoneka mu 40s m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ku Moscow. Mtundu wa masikelo ndi ruby, pali mawanga akuda pamenepo. Mphezi zam'munsi za mchira ndizitali, melanosis ndiyosowa. Mukamaswana, ndibwino kuti musankhe nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zakuda zakuda ndi gawo lakuda chisanadze.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira 20 yophatikiza imadziwika, yosiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a thupi ndi kukula kwake. Thupi la nsomba ndi wandiweyani, wamtali, wothinikizidwa mbali ziwiri. Zachikazi ndizokulirapo poyerekeza ndi zazimuna, komanso zazitali kwambiri.
Kutalika kwamunthu wamkazi wamkazi kumakhala pakati pa 12-15 cm, ndipo kutalika kwamphongo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 8,5.0.0. Pamtundu wonse wa anthu wamba ndi oimira ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana, pali mzere umodzi wofiirira wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. kukulanso, komanso zingwe zingapo zamaonekedwe ofiira. Malo amkamwa amatseguka pang'ono ndikuwongolera bwino kuti azitulutsa kuchokera kumtunda wamadzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malupanga a Aquarium ndi anthu omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe amasiyananso mitundu yawo.
Kusiyana kwampangidwe kwamtunduwu ndi kukhalapo kwa munthu wamtali komanso wowonda, xiphoid gawo lotsika la caudal fin mwaimuna. Dzinalo losadziwika bwino la mtunduwu limachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe oterowo. Mtundu wa nsomba yachilengedwe ukhoza kuyimiriridwa chikasu, chofiira, chobiriwira kapena lalanje.
Mwa chikazi, khungu la zipsepse ndi thupi limakhala, monga lamulo, lotuwa kwambiri komanso losasinthika. Nsomba zouma za Aquarium zimapakidwa utoto wowala kwambiri, zoyera kwambiri, zofiirira, ndimu ndi lalanje, zofiirira komanso zakuda, komanso mafunde a calico amapambana. Chinanso chosiyana ndi mapangidwe a zipsepse, omwe amatha kuvekedwa, zovala zam'madzi ndi mpango.
Habitat, malo okhala
Swordfish ndi nsomba zochokera ku Central America, komwe nthumwi zamtunduwu zimapezeka mumtsinje ndi madzi amadzi a Mexico, Goduras ndi Guatemala. Wonyamula lupanga amapezekanso m'madzi oyenda komanso oyenda, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale m'matumba ochepa kwambiri kapena m'malo opanga ma hydraulic.
Pakutha kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, nsomba yowala ndi yachilendo idayambitsidwa ku Europe, pomwe idayamba kutchuka kwambiri ngati chiweto cha aquarium. Pambuyo pake, iwo malupanga adabwera ku Russia. Mpaka pano, oimira amtunduwu adadzikhazikitsa mwamphamvu kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zotchuka kwambiri komanso zotchuka zam'madzi.
Swordfish ndi yosasamala kwenikweni pankhani yosunga nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe ndizoyenereradi kwa oyamba kapena osadziwa nsomba am'madzi. Komabe, munthu ayenera kuyandikira mosamala nkhani zakusankha ndi kukonzekeretsa nsomba, agwirizane ndi mitundu ina ndi mawonekedwe a mkhalidwe wa malupanga, komanso kusankha zakudya zoyenera.
Kutentha kwamadzi mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala 22-26 ° C ndi kutsika kovomerezeka mpaka 15 ° C. Kuuma kwamadzi a Optimum kuli mumtunda wa 8-25 ° dH wokhala ndi acidity ya 7-8 pH.
Kukonzekera kwa aquarium, voliyumu
Swordfish ali m'gulu la nsomba zazikulu zokwanira, choncho kukula kocheperako kumayenera kukhala malita 50. Nthawi yomweyo, malo okhala osungira malupanga ayenera kukhala okwanira mokwanira. Monga lamulo, anthu malupanga safunikira kupanga mapangidwe apadera, koma kuyang'ana magawo amadzi oyenera ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu chokhala bwino ndi ziweto zotere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malo osungirako miyala okhala ndi malupanga akuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro, chifukwa chaimbwe komanso nsomba zochuluka zomwe zimatha kutuluka.
Swordfish imafunika kusinthidwa kovomerezeka ndi kusungidwa kwamadzi apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kukhazikitsa kusintha kwakanthawi kwa sabata pafupifupi kotala la buku kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukhale nsomba zabwino kwambiri. Dziwani kuti malupanga safuna mpweya wambiri, kotero kusinthanso kwamadzi kawirikawiri sikofunikira.
Nsomba zimakhala momasuka zikalengedwa zam'madzi zopezeka m'madzi, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi vallisneria, echinodorus, cryptocoryne, richchia ndi duckweed, kutengera mosavuta zachilengedwe. Sikuti ndikofunikira kupereka malo ogona a malupanga, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kupatsa nsombazo malo owonekera kwaulere posambira.
Khalidwe loyenderana
Aswidi ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala mwamtendere komanso zodekha, koma akatswiri samalangiza okhazikitsa mtunduwu ndi mtundu womwe ndi wocheperako. Okhala ochepa okhala m'madzimo nthawi zambiri amaphwanyidwa ndi mtunduwu. Ndi oyandikana nawo ofanana kukula ndi mikhalidwe yofananira kapena kupsya mtima, ogwira malupanga am'madzi, monga lamulo, samakumana ndi mikangano.
Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osungunuka komanso otsogola kwambiri, moyo waulesi, akuluakulu malupanga atha kupanga zipsepse. Mwa zina, amuna amtunduwu amalolerana wina ndi mnzake posakhala ndi oimira nsomba zina, kuphatikizapo akazi. Malupanga amatha kuphatikizana ndi ma pecillia, ma guppies ndi ma mollies, koma sangakhazikike mu ma aquariums palimodzi ndi ma cichlids aku South America ndi ku Africa, zakuthambo ndi Akars. Achi Swords amavutika kuti agwirizane ndi oimira aliyense a banja la cyprinid, kuphatikiza koi carp, nsomba zagolide ndi zebrafish yaying'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'makomo otambalala amuna ambiri opanga malupanga amatha kukhazikika modekha, mwa akazi awiri kapena atatu amuna okhazikika amuna.
Mitembo yambiri, komanso nsomba za golide, zimadyanso nyama, motero zimatha kuwononga ngakhale munthu wamkulu komanso munthu wamkulu walupanga. Komanso mwapadera sikulimbikitsidwa kukola barbs, shrimps ndi nkhono, crustaceans yaying'ono kwambiri, kwa omwe ali malupanga.
Malupanga ndi ma guppies, omwe amabadwira mwachangu mu viviparous, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana komanso ofanana m'njira yamakhalidwe. Poterepa, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amamwalira mu aquarium ambiri amachepetsa kwambiri.
Zakudya, zakudya
Amuna a malupanga ndi osazindikira kwenikweni pankhani ya chakudya. Nsomba zotere zam'madzi ndizoyenera kukhala m'gulu la omnivores, ndipo zimakonda kudya kwambiri, motero, zimakhala zosangalatsa kudya zouma ndipo zina zophika kale zopangidwa ndi granules, phala ndi tchipisi, komanso chakudya chamoyo komanso chazizira mthupi. Chakudya chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi nsomba mumagulu aliwonse amadzi a aquarium, komanso chotsalira pansi kapena kugwera pansi.
Zakudya za akuluakulu a Malupanga ziyenera kuphatikiza zakudya zamasamba, zomwe zimatha kukhala ma flakes kapena granules zomwe zimakhala ndi spirulina kapena mapiritsi apadera a algal. Mwa zina, algae ochokera kumakoma a aquarium, zodzikongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera ndizofunitsitsa kudya nsomba zamtunduwu. The thanzi la aquarium malupanga ogwira ayenera kukhala olingalira komanso osiyanasiyana.
Zofunika! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mukagula chakudya chouma chilichonse cha nsomba, muyenera kuyang'anira kwambiri tsiku lakapangidwe ndi moyo wa alumali, chifukwa chake ndikosayenera kugula chakudya cholemetsa.
Zakudya zotchuka komanso zotchuka kwambiri za nsomba zam'madzi zamtunduwu zimayimiriridwa ndi zakudya zouma zopangidwa kale. Mulingo woyenera wopangidwa ndi kampani "Tetra". Zakudya zoterezi zimayimiriridwa ndimadyetsedwe amodzi amitundu yamtundu wamtundu wa nsomba, komanso zakudya zapadera kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu. Makamaka zakudya zabwino ndizodyetsa mwachangu.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Kuswana malupanga ndi ntchito yosavuta. Nsomba zotere zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Feteleza zimachitika mkati mwa mkazi, ndipo mwachangu amabadwa pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka.
Zofunika! M'mikhalidwe yokhala ndi zakudya zambiri komanso kutentha kwamadzi pamlingo wa 26-27 ° С, kubereka ana mwa akazi a Upanga kumatha kumachitika pafupifupi pamwezi.
Matenda obereketsa
Swordsmen ndi nsomba za ku aquarium zosagwirizana zomwe zimatha kupirira zovuta ngakhale zovuta, koma chinsinsi cha kukonzekera kwawo bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo abwino, madzi apamwamba am'madzi komanso chakudya chovomerezeka.
Malupanga amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda ambiri am'madzi amumadzi, ndipo palibenso njira zina zomwe amathandizira. Moyo wa nsomba zoweta pogwiritsa ntchito miyambo wamba yam'madzi, umakhala wa gulu lalitali, chifukwa mukakhala ndi moyo wabwino, nsomba zotere zimatha kukhala ndi zaka zosakwana zisanu.
Ndemanga za eni
Anthu ogwira ntchito malupanga a Aquarium ndiwosewera kwambiri komanso amakonda kusewera, osadzikuza komanso amasangalatsa eni ake a ziimbidwe zamitundu mitunduyi. Nsomba zotere ndizosavuta kuswana, sizifuna chidwi chapadera kapena kuwonjezeka, ndipo mtengo wamalingaliro amtunduwu ndi wokwera mtengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Azimayi a malupanga amatha kusinthitsa amuna kuti akhale amuna, ndipo izi sizikupezeka kwa amuna.
Malinga ndi akatswiri apamadzi am'madzi, kuthekera kwa asupanga kuti azikhala limodzi ndi mitundu yambiri yam'madzi amodzi ndikubala mwachangu chaka chonse ndizabwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oimira amtundu wazovala zamtundu wa Ray azakhale wotchuka kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe
Malupanga ali ndi mchira wapachiyambi - mawonekedwe a lupanga. Chochititsa chidwi ichi chidapatsa dzinalo dzinalo. Mchirawo ungakhale wokulungidwa, kapena (wa malupanga malupanga) - mu mawonekedwe a mphezi. Thupi ndi lokwera, mbali - lathyathyathya. Kupaka utoto ndizosiyana kwambiri: ofiira, lalanje, wakuda, chikaso. Zimachitika kuti thupi la nsomba ndi mtundu umodzi, ndipo zipsepse - zimzake. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna. Koma mtundu wa amuna ndi owala. Amasiyanitsidwanso kuchokera kwa akazi ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a caudal: mwaimuna, imakhala ndi mikondo.
Mawonekedwe a kamwa sakhala zachilendo, amatseguka pang'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti nsomba zisamavula chakudya pamadzi.
Mitundu ya Malupanga
Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe oimira ake amasiyana maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a zipsepse.
- Green Swordsman: wonyezimira wa maolivi, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira komanso zingapo m'mbali mwake, lupanga lokhala ndi malire.
- Chuma: Awa ndi malupanga obiriwira, koma alubino wokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira, kubzala kwamtunduwu ndivuto, "ana" samasunga makolo awo nthawi zonse.
- Choyera chachi Bulgaria: komanso albino, okhazikika pokhazikika pamene akuswana.
- Chakuda: wosakanizidwa ndi nsomba yakuda ya pecilia komanso wamalupanga wobiriwira. Imakhala yakuda, yokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wabuluu.Kubalanso kumakhala kovuta chifukwa oyimilira amtunduwu amadwala chifukwa chokhala ndi utoto wowonjezereka.
- Kufiyira: yopezeka podutsa pecilia wofiira ndi malupanga wokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
- Chintz: utoto ndi utoto utatu - pamtundu woyera (waukulu) pali malo ena akulu akulu akuda ndi ofiira.
- Utawaleza: wobiriwira wonyezimira komanso wonyeka lalanje, malaya ofiira m'thupi.
- Brindle: ofiira ndi mawanga akuda, ndipo lupanga lakuda kwathunthu. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa matani amdima, nsomba zamtunduwu sizigwirizana ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamtambo.
- Phiri: wachikasu, ndi zonunkhira zonona. M'mphepete mwake muli zingwe zopota zamtundu wowala kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri idawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya kuswana. Mwachitsanzo:
- Swordsman Swordsman Wokwera,
- Wosokerera wakuda
- Limbas,
- Chakuda ndi choyera
- Lupanga la Gahena
- Khwangwala,
- Koi
- Berlin
- Montezuma
- Evelyn,
- Viennese,
- Simpson.
Asayansi akugwira ntchito yopanga mitundu ya nsomba komanso mawonekedwe a zipsepse. Nayi zipsepse zomwe zimawonekera pakati pa omwe ali malupanga chifukwa cha zoyesa kubzala: zoluka-zitatu, zophimbidwa, zamtambo. Pali nsomba zokhala ndi malupanga awiri (m'malo mwa imodzi) malupanga achitsulo.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngakhale popanda kutengapo gawo kwa obereketsa, malupanga amatha kusangalatsa modabwitsa. Ngati pali nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'madzimo, ndiye kuti zimatha kubereka zodabwitsa ndi zomwe sizikudziwika mpaka kalekale. Tsoka ilo, sizingatheke kukonza mphatso zachilengedwe monga mawonekedwe atsopano, ngakhale atakhala ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba kwambiri.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
M'mene nsomba zimakhalira ku North ndi Central America. Maiko monga Guatemala, Mexico, komanso Honduras. Zosungirako zomwe zimatha kubereka ndizosiyana kwambiri: mitsinje yotentha yomwe imakwera m'mapiri komanso matalala opanda phokoso, abwino komanso owuma pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuti dziwe lisakhale lakuzama kwambiri, monga zazing'ono, zokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, pali tizilombo tambiri ndi algae ofunika kudyetsa malupanga.
Makulidwe ake ndiakulu kuposa omwe am'madzi am'madzi: 10 cm - wamwamuna, 13 cm - wamkazi (poyeza wamwamuna, kutalika kwa "lupanga" sikuganiziridwa).
Nayi mitundu yocheperako yachilengedwe:
- Swordsman of Cortes,
- Micromy,
- Clementia
- Montezuma.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Ngakhale kuti opanga malupanga ndi amtendere, kuswana ndikuwasunga mu malo okhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndikosayenera: zazikulu zimawopseza ang'onoang'ono. Komanso kusankha kwa oyandikana ndi nsomba zokhala phee ndikosayenera - awo malupanga amatha, akapezerera masewera, angawononge zipsepse.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusunga amuna amalupanga achimuna. Sakhala ochezeka kwambiri wina ndi mnzake, amati utsogoleri ndi nkhondo. Pali njira yochokera mu izi: kukhazikika mu "nyumba" imodzi wamwamuna m'modzi wokhala ndi "harem", kapena "gulu" la amuna atatu kapena kuposerapo, ndiye kuti chisamaliro cha wolupayo sichidzawongoleredwa kwa mdani mmodzi, ndipo mikangano idzachepa kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe abwino a "banja" ndi amodzi amphongo awiri kapena atatu - mmodzi wamkazi sikokwanira, njonda yake imatha kuyendetsa "kukomoka").
Aquarium ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, otambalala. Voliyumu - kuchokera 50 malita ndi zina. Yerekezerani kuti nsomba iliyonse ili ndi malita atatu a madzi, ndipo iyi ingakhale njira yabwino. Kutalika kwa nyumba yagalasi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita makumi atatu.
Sizomwe zimapangidwira kapena mtundu wa dothi (izi zitha kukhala miyala yaying'ono, mchenga) ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa nsomba zimayikidwa m'magulu apakati komanso apamwamba pamadzi. Koma payenera kukhala zomera zochulukirapo, kuphatikiza mtundu wina wa mafupa okumba, malo okhala - kwa malupanga izi ndizofunikira.
Kutentha kwamadzi kumachokera madigiri 18 mpaka 26, acidity yake (7-8 pH) ndi kuuma (8-25 dH) ndizosafunanso.
NGOZI: lakuthwa kwambiri kusintha kwa madzi am'madzi, mwa maperesenti oposa 0.3 mu tsiku limodzi, kumatha kubweretsa kupsinjika kwa anthu okhala m'madzimo. Sungani pH yokhazikika.
Madziwo ayenera kukhala oyera, ayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata (pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku lonse liziwonjezedwa). Kuphatikiza apo, kusefedwa kumafunikira (fayilo imodzi yamkati ndi yokwanira) ndikuwongolera (kufunika kwake kudzasowa ngati aquarium sinakhale "yambiri").
Nsomba zodzipatula, monga mukudziwa, zimakhala bwino m'madzi opanda kanthu, komabe, sikofunikira kuti opanga malupanga azitsatira - amapeza "nyumba" m'madzi atsopano.
Ponena zowunikira, gawo lofunikira limaperekedwa kwa "malo obiriwira": mbewu zoyandama pamadzi ndizowunikira zomwe zili bwino - kuwala komwazikana ndikukhala malo otetezera mwachangu nthawi yomwe nsomba idzabereka.
CHITSANZO: bambo wa malupanga nthawi zina amadumphira m'madzi. Pofuna kupewa zovuta, kuphimba aquarium ndi galasi.
Ndipo musaiwale kudzisangalatsa - kongoletsani aquarium momwe mumakomera. Mwachitsanzo, ikani chikwangwani chomwe chili ndi malo am'madzi kumbuyo kwa aquarium, ikani zodulira zakale monga ma amphoras akale pansi. Chifukwa chake zidzakhala zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa kuti mutsatire moyo wa okhala m'madzi.
Kudyetsa
Kusamalira, kukonza komanso kuswana nsomba ndizosatheka popanda kudya moyenera. Zosinthazo ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana: Chakudya chamoyo ndi chisanu, chimanga. Zakudya za mbewu ziyenera kukhala zazitali kwambiri. Kutengera malo omwe chilengedwe chimakhala ngati nsomba zokhala ndi mapiri zimakonda mwala wosalimba, yesani kugula nsomba zam'madzi zopangira masamba. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusiyanitsa chakudyacho ndi nyama yowiritsa ndi nsomba, nyama yamafuta ochepa, chikho cha nkhuku, mkate wowuma.
Nayi magulu amitundu yazakudya oyenera malupanga:
- youma
- masamba
- wamoyo (nsonga zamwazi, ma cyclops, tubule, daphnia, artemia).
Ngati mwiniwake wa nsombazo akufunika kupita paulendo wamalonda, amalupanga amatha kukhala popanda chakudya kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Adzagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa pamasamba a zomera komanso pagalasi lamadzi ngati chakudya, kudya nkhono zazing'ono, atazigudula kale pazipolopolo.
Koma izi ndizadzidzidzi. Ndipo chisamaliro chatsiku ndi tsiku sichimangofunika zakudya zachikhalidwe zokha, komanso mankhwala apadera azitsamba ndi mavitamini kuti asunge ndi kulimbikitsa mtundu wa nsomba.
Chisamaliro chapadera ndichobwezeretsanso achinyamata, nayi mndandanda wa zazing'ono:
- fumbi lamoyo (tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri),
- chitoliro
- microworm
- ozungulira.
Eni nsomba ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chouma mosavuta. Chowonadi chawo chachikulu chimaperekedwa ndi kampani ya Tetra. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi njira ya "munthu payekha" yoyendamo yoyendayenda - chakudya chapadera cha mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba, kuphatikiza ndi nsomba za nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, Tetra imapereka chakudya chapadera: kwa mwachangu, kuphatikiza mtundu wa nsomba. Chikwama cha gramu 12 cha Tetra chakudya chouma cha malupanga chimakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 50.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Achi Swords amamva bwino m'madzi omwewo okhala ndi nsomba zofanana kukula kwawo. Icho:
Malupanga amakhala amtendere, koma ngati akuvutika chifukwa chosowa kuwala m'madzimo, amatha kukumana ndi mavuto ndikuwukira anzawo. Amakhulupiliranso kuti nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala zowonda, koma zachikale nthawi zambiri zimakhala zankhanza.
Matenda a malupanga, chithandizo ndi kupewa
Choyambirira kuchita mukamagula nsomba ndikuwunika ngati akuwonetsa matenda. Nsomba zotere sizofunika kugula, zochepa kubzala mu aquarium yanu ku kampani yathanzi la thanzi.
Njira yina yodzitetezera: poyambira obwera kumene kukhala okalamba, amasungidwa kwa mphindi 20 m'madzi amchere (spoonful mchere pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Njirayi imayeretsa nsomba ku majeremusi kuchokera kunja.
Swordfish siwowawa ngati nsomba zina. Matenda awo ndi tizilombo komanso fungal. Zimachitika kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimakhala zopanda chakudya, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Izi zitha kupewedwa pogula chakudya kuchokera kwa ogulitsa okhazikika.
CHITSANZO: Mukapeza nsomba yodwala, ikanikeni pamalo ena osungira madzi kuti isawononge enawo.
Utali wamoyo
Nsomba zimakhala zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira: m'madzi okhala ndi anthu ambiri, moyo wa malupanga ndi wafupikitsa. Zomwezi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba kwa madzi am'madzi. Kutentha kwa madzi ndi thupi la nsombazo ndi zofanana, ndipo ndizochulukirapo, momwe metabolic amapangira thupi la nsomba, ndipo moyo wawo umapita mwachangu.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Wosolola malupanga wamkazi, mosiyana ndi wamwamuna, alibe lupanga. Ngati, mwa amuna, mawonekedwe a chiwerewerewo afotokozedwa, ndiye kuti gonopodia imaphunziridwa (uyu ndiye malipiro, osintha pang'ono). Chikazi chimakhala ndi chopota chozungulira;
Wamphongo amapeza gonopodia ali ndi miyezi 3-4. Kutha msambo kumachitika mwa malupanga pomatha miyezi isanu. Koma chomwe mwana amakhala - "chibwenzi" kapena "msungwana" - akhoza kuweruzidwa ndi kutentha kwa madzi: ngati amakhalabe pa madigiri 29, "anyamata" ochulukirapo amapanga.
Chotuluka
Izi ndi nsomba za viviparous. Kuchulukitsa kwaakazi kumachitika mkatikati mwa thupi lake, kumanyamula mwachangu mpaka kumapeto komaliza - pafupifupi milungu isanu. Mpaka makumi asanu mwachangu amatha kubadwa nthawi.
Palibe chifukwa chodzutsa chidwi cha mnzake pa mnzakeyo: ndiwokhazikika, ndipo chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimafunikira mwiniwake ndikuchotsa mzimayi nthawi zina mnzake. Kuberekera kumatha kuchitika popanda kutenga gawo laimuna, komanso zonse chifukwa chachikazi chimasunga mkaka mkati mwake wouma ndipo nthawi ina iliyonse imatha kudzithira umuna.
Ngati pakufunikira kuthamangitsa kubereka, ndikofunikira kupereka chisamaliro chotere - kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi mpaka madigiri 25-27, pH iyenera kukhala 6.8-7.8, ndipo mulingo wa nitrate ndi ammonia m'madzi uyenera kukhala wochepa.
Nthawi yakubadwa imatha kuweruzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha malo amdima pafupi ndi anus ya nsomba: ngati kukuchita mdima (ndipo mdimawo ndimayang'ana mwachangu m'thupi), zikutanthauza kuti kubwezeretsanso posachedwa kudzakhala mu aquarium. Osaphonya mphindi, kuyika mayi woyembekezera mu aquarium ina, apo ayi ena akuluakulu malupanga amatha kudya mwachangu.
Cofunika: kuti kubadwa kuchitike bwino ndipo mwana apulumuke, payenera kukhala nkhokwe zazitali mu Aquarium, chifukwa ndi pomwe pamakhala ana ambiri amabwera padziko lapansi.