Aha ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda terrarium. Aga ngati mtundu wamtundu uli ponseponse ku Central ndi South America ndipo, chifukwa cha thandizo laumunthu, wawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwake, makamaka m'zaka za zana la 20 lino.

Inde Inatumizidwa ku Florida (USA), kenako idatumizidwa ku mayiko onse omwe amalima nzimbe kuti azilamulira tizirombo (tizilombo ndi makoswe) (D. Conran, 1965).

Zala aga ngati chala choliza ndi nyanga, imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Imafika 250 mm kutalika ndi 80-120 mm mulifupi (W. Klingelhdffer, 1956). Nthawi zambiri imapakidwa utoto wakuda, mbali yakumbuyo ndiyopepuka, ndipo mawanga, kukula kwa achinyamata ndi kowala kuposa akuluakulu.

Mwa amphibians onse, aga amakhala ndi khungu lodziwika bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi imatha kukhala pafupi ndi madzi osalimba (ndikugawika mkati mwake), ikukhala ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe chomwe sichitha kufikirika kwa ena okhala ndi nyama zam'madzi.
Inde kumakhala njira yamadzulo, yobisala masana m'misasa.

Kubwezeretsanso misozi kwaphunziridwa bwino. Mwachilengedwe, mibadwo imakonda malo osungira kwakanthawi komwe amadzaza nthawi yamvula ikayamba. Monga lamulo, kumera kumachitika pakadutsa masabata anayi oyamba mvula ikangotentha (M. Hoogmoed, S. Gorzula, 1979) - makamaka mu February-June. Pachaka, chachikazi chachikulu chimatha kusesa mazira 35,000 (W. Klingelhdffer, 1956) - Pakati pa nyengo ya kubereka, abambo amatulutsa mkokomo, kulira kokweza komwe kumawoneka ngati kubangula kwa galu.

Zithunzi Zapamwamba Aga

Zambiri inde muyenera malo akulu. Pansi muyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi la masentimita 10, lomwe ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi peat ndi moss (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba kucha). Izi zofunda zizisinthidwa pafupipafupi. Kuwunikira sikuyenda bwino, koma kuwotcha kumafunikira, kutentha koyenera kwambiri ndi 25-28 "C. Mu terrarium, malo osungirako ndi pogona amafunika.

Kudyetsa aga sikovuta. Amadyanso tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, mbewa zatsopano ndi makoswe, samakana ma slog ndi achule. Yosimbidwa ndi j. Matz (1978), eya, amadya zipatso zamphesa ndi kuphika mpunga ndi chisangalalo.

Mu 1977, magulu awiri azithunzithunzi adabwera ku Moscow kuchokera ku zilumba za Fiji, pomwe adayikidwapo mu boma lozunguliridwa ndi O. Shubravy. Kukula kwa malo ojambulira ndi 500 X 500 X 500 mm. Ili ndi dziwe lathyathyathya lopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, palibe dothi.

Nyama zimasungidwa masana pamtunda wa 23-25 ​​° C, usiku 20 ° C. Anadyetsedwa ntchentche, ma slgs ndi mawonde. Mkazi anali wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamwamuna (9 - 18 cm, 6 - 12 cm).

Mu Marichi 1979, maula adawonetsa koyamba zogonana, koma kufalikira sikunachitike.
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1980, tinayamba kukonza nyama kutuluka.

Kwa miyezi iwiri, mikanda idadyetsedwa kwambiri (makamaka ntchentche - Musca domestica). Kuti tithandizire kukhwima, tinatsata maphwando am'malo otentha, ndipo mingoloyo itayatsidwa, timabayidwa ndi choriogonic gonadotropin. Hafu ya ola pambuyo pa jekeseni, panali chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zochitika zogonana amuna. Kulimbana kawirikawiri kunachitika pakati pawo, limodzi ndi kulira kwadzidzidzi. Sanapange zokonda izi kapena mzawo.

Zithunzi Zapamwamba Aga

Patatha masiku awiri jakisoni wa gonadotropin, agam adabayidwa ndi pituitary gland ya toad (Bufo viridis). Onse awiri opanga adayikidwa mu 400-litre plexiglass aquarium. Mulingo wamadzi mu aquarium ndi 20 cm, kutentha kwa madzi ndi 24 ° C, pH 8.5. Kunalibe nthaka. Mwa mbewu ntchito vallisneria. Pa Epulo 6, banja loyambalo lidakula; mkazi akameza mazira pafupifupi 3,000 ngati zingwe zamdima.

Patatha masiku atatu, banja lachiwirili linabereka, koma caviar sanaphatikizidwe. Pa Epulo 8, mphutsi zimasungidwa mazira okhathamiritsa, ndipo patapita masiku atatu adasambira. Mapaipi adakula mwachangu. Ankadyetsa zimbambo, kupatsidwa Micro Min, kenako amasinthidwa kuti azidyetsa mapuloteni (nyama yosenda), nyama yosenda). Madzi ankathandizidwa kwambiri.

Patatha mwezi umodzi, nyama zidadutsa metamorphosis. Ana ake anali ocheperako modabwitsa poyerekeza ndi opanga (pafupifupi kutalika pafupifupi 10 mm). Pambuyo pa metamorphosis, mitu idadyetsedwa Drosophila.

Panthawi yoyeserayi, mafunso ambiri adatibweretsera omwe sitinathe kuwathetsa pokonzekera. Zomwe zidapangitsa kuphedwa kwa achinyamata pambuyo pa metamorphosis? Chifukwa chiyani, ngakhale adabalika, padalibe chikhalidwe chokwatitsa, makamaka, "kuyimba" kwa amuna? Kodi nchifukwa chiyani mkanda wachiwiri, eya, udatulukira?
Sitingayankhe mafunso awa pano. Kuyesa kwathu kuyenera kuonedwa ngati gawo loyamba.

O. SHUBRAVY, A. GOLOVANOV Moscow Zoo

Kufotokozera

Aha ndi yachiwiri pazovala zazikulupo (zazikulu ndizovala za Blomberg): thupi lake limafika masentimita 24 (nthawi zambiri 15-17 cm), ndipo unyinji wake umaposa kilogalamu. Amuna ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Khungu la aga limapangidwa keratinized, warty. Mtundu wake si wowala: pamwamba ndi woderapo kapena waimvi wokhala ndi malo akulu akuda, m'mimba mwake ndi wachikasu, ndipo ndimawonekedwe abulawuni. Wodziwika ndi zotulutsa zazikulu za parotid m'mbali mwa mutu, zomwe zimapanga chinsinsi chakupha, komanso mafupa a infraorbital crests. Tizilombo ta chikopa timangopezeka m'miyendo ya kumbuyo. Monga mitundu ina yamadzulo, chiphalaphalachi chokhala ndi tulo tosalala.

Zida-aga zimapezeka kuchokera kumiyala yamchenga yamchenga kupita kumphepete mwa nkhalango zotentha ndi mitengo yamangati. Mosiyana ndi anyani ena ambiri, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi am'mbali mwa mitsinje m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kuzilumba. Mwa izi, eya, ndipo ndiri nalo dzina lasayansi - Bufo marinus, "Zipolopolo zam'nyanja." Khungu, keratinized khungu la aga silikuyenera kusinthana ndi mpweya, ndipo, chifukwa chake, mapapu ake ndi amodzi omwe amapangidwa kwambiri pakati pa amphibians. Aha amatha kupulumuka chifukwa chosowa madzi osungidwa m'thupi mpaka 50%. Monga zimbudzi zonse, amakonda kukhala tsiku m'misasa, akupita kokasaka madzulo. Khalidwe limakhala lokha. Aha amasuntha mwachidule. Kutenga malo achitetezo, kulowetsani.

Ng'ona, nkhanu zam'madzi zatsopano, makoswe am'madzi, akhwangwala, heron ndi nyama zina zomwe sizikhudzidwa ndi chiphe chawo. Mapaipi amadyedwa ndi nyumbu za chinjoka, nsikidzi zamadzi, akamba ena ndi njoka. Anthu ambiri amadyera limodzi lilime, kapena amadya m'mimba.

Kufalitsa

Malo okhala zachilengedwe zamakhwalawa amachokera ku Rio Grande River ku Texas kupita pakati mwa Amazonia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Peru. Kuphatikiza apo, mibadwo yakuthana ndi tizirombo tina idabweretsa makamaka ku gombe lakummawa kwa Australia (makamaka kum'mawa kwa Queensland ndi gombe la New South Wales), kumwera kwa Florida, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, zilumba za Japan za Ogasawara ndi Ryukyu, ndi ma Pacific ambiri ndi zilumba za Pacific, kuphatikiza Hawaii (mu 1935) ndi Fiji. Aha amatha kukhala mu kutentha kwa 540 ° C.

Habitat

Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi mitundu yayitali yazinthu zachilengedwe. Aga amakonda kuthera nthawi yawo yambiri m'malo omwe ali ndi dothi louma, komabe, akamasungunuka, nthawi zambiri amasamukira ku biotope okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.

Ambiri mwa amphibians amatha kupezeka ku South America, komanso kumwera kwa North America.

Frog aga imakonda kukhala m'malo obiriwira nthawi zonse komanso opanda mvula, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'malo oterera, m'nkhalango zovuta, zopanda mitengo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'minda, m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi mitsinje, komanso kumapiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Anthu akuluakulu ndi opatsa chidwi, zomwe sizimakhala zaphokoso: samangodya arthropods ndi zina zamtundu wina (njuchi, kafadala, milili, mphemvu, dzombe, nyerere, nkhono), komanso anzeru ena am'mapiri, abuluzi ang'ono, anapiye ndi nyama zofanana ndi mbewa. Osanyalanyaza zovunda ndi zinyalala. M'mphepete mwa nyanja mumadya nkhanu ndi jellyfish. Palibe chakudya cannibalism angathe kumwedwa.

Kufotokozera

Toad aga (kuchokera ku Latin. "Sea toad") - amphibian, omwe ndi amtundu wopanda dongosolo ndipo ndi wamkulu kwambiri pamitundu yonse yazithunzithunzi yomwe imakhala ku America. Kukula kwake Zida za Aga zimayambira 15 mpaka 30 sentimita, ndipo zimatengera jenda, zakudya, malo ndi chilengedwe.

Kulemera anthu akulu pamenepa nthawi zambiri amaposa kilogalamu imodzi. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi.

Izi zimatha kukhala zaka zambiri, koma sizikhala zopitilira zaka khumi, koma zikaikidwa m'malo abwino, zimatha kupitilira.

Pali nthawi zina pomwe ma aga adakwanitsa kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 40, koma osayesa kubwereza zomwe zalembedwa, chifukwa chogwiranso ntchito bwino ma labotale ndi zida zambiri zodula zidzafunika. Colours, zala, nthawi zambiri, imvi kapena zofiirira, zakuda zakuda, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimawoneka kumbuyo. Mimba yake ndi utoto wachikasu, ambiri mawanga a bulauni amayikidwa.

Miyendo yakutsogolo ilibe ziwalo, ndipo pamiyendo yakumbuyo imafotokozedwanso.

Kuseri kwa mabowo kumakhala tiziwawa todzadza ndi poizoni wambiri.

Zimakhala zovuta kusunga nyama izi ngati zoweta, chifukwa zimafunikira njira yayikulu kwambiri komanso yolondola yopangira komanso kukonza malo oyenera.

Pansipa pali magawo onse omwe muyenera kuwonetsetsa ngati mukufuna kulimbikitsa chovala cham'nyumba mwanu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zomera

Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti malowa amakonda kwambiri kukumba pansi kuti akumbire. Munthawi zachilengedwe, izi zimawathandiza kuti azitha kukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, kuyembekezera nthawi yamasana ndikusaka bwino.

Chifukwa chake, kubzala mbeu m'nthaka mkati mwa terata ndi ntchito yosayamika, chifukwa anthu amphibi posachedwapa azidzikumba.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika pansi, kupanga mapangidwe osinthika ndikupanga zofanana ndi zachilengedwe, zolengedwa kapena zobzalidwa mumiphika zotsekedwa zomera, mwachitsanzo: ivy, mitundu yaying'ono ya ficus, philodendrons, orchid, tradescans, philodendrons, orchids kapena bromeliads.

Kumbukirani kuti pakukula zazomera zilizonse zoberekera sizofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo, ndipo ngati mukuvutikira kupeza ndi kusunga mbewuzo mkati mwamadzi moyenera, ndiye kuti zitha kunyalanyazidwa.

Zofunikira za Terrarium

Kwa nyama izi, mtundu wam'madzi wamadzi ndi woyenereradi bwino, osachepera voliyumu yomwe muyenera kukhala osachepera malita 40 pamunthu aliyense.

Chofunikira malo ogwirira ntchito ochitika bwino ndi kupezeka kwa kuwotcha kwamasana mu mawonekedwe a nyali yagalasi, chopondera moto, chingwe chowotchera kapena nyali ya incandescent yoyendetsedwa pansi.

Pamalo otentha, masana kutentha sayenera kupitirira +32 ° C, ndipo usiku +25 ° C, kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali ku terarium masana kumayenera kukhala kuchokera ku +23 ° C mpaka +29 ° C, ndipo usiku kuyambira +22 ° C mpaka +24 ° C.

Kuti malalawo asankhe bwino pogona pokha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika nthambi zingapo, malo otayirira mkati; mutha kugula zida zapadera mu malo ogulitsira nyama monga mabwalo amnyumba kapena nyumba zina.

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito crumbut crumb kapena peat yamahatchi popanda zinyalala monga zinyalala. Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwachi chisakanizo cha masamba a opal, mchenga ndi peat (1: 1: 1).

Mutha kuyikanso miyala yotalika masentimita 5 pansi pa aquarium, ndikuyiphimba ndi nthaka yabwino pamwamba ndi mainchesi 8-10.

Mbale yoyamwa iyenera kukhala pamthunzi, makamaka pakona patali kwambiri kuchokera kumalo opepuka.

Nyama izi ndizosafunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe kamadzi, zimatha kumwa ndikusambira mulimonse, koma madzi ochepa brackish ndi abwino kwa iwo. Pakukonzekera kwake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wamchere (1 tsp mchere pa 2 malita a madzi).

Kuyatsa kukonza aga ndikusankha, popeza nthawi yayikulu yogwira ntchito imagwera madzulo ndi nthawi yausiku.

Komabe, kuti muchepetse kuyamwa kwa ziweto zanu ndikuwonjezera kamvekedwe ka chitetezo, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa nyali ya UV mu terarium nthawi yamasana.

Zokha, zala zakumanja ziyenera kukhudzidwa pang'ono momwe zingathere, popeza ndizowopsa. Mukatha kulumikizana nawo, ndikofunika kusamba m'manja moyenera pansi pamadzi ndi sopo.

The terrarium iyenera kutsukidwa kwathunthu kwa zinyalala osachepera kangapo pamwezi, kuchotsa zonse zomwe zimakhalamo ndikuchisambitsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa chitukuko cha matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya azisamba.

Kudyetsa

Kunyumba, mikanda ya achikulire imadya pang'ono - kamodzi kamodzi pakapita masiku atatu. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zakudya zawo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zaka.

Mapaipi amafunika kupatsidwanso khungu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya algae, crustaceans yaying'ono, protozoa, invertebrates yaying'ono, kuyimitsidwa kwa chomera ndi ma aquarium forage a tadpoles.

Oimira ochepa amtunduwu akapangidwa kuchokera ku ma tadpoles, ndikofunikira kuti awasamutsire ku chakudya china, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti apatse ntchentche za Drosophila, zingwe zazing'ono zamagazi ndi ma crickets ang'ono. Mukamakula, mutha kuwonjezera agogo, nyongolotsi, mabuluku, pang'ono pang'ono muyenera kuphatikiza mbewa, kenako makoswe, ndi nkhuku zomwe zaswedwa posachedwa. Zala zazing'ono ndi ma tadpole zimayenera kudyetsedwa tsiku lililonse.

Nyamazi zimathanso kusinthidwa kukhala chakudya chopanda moyo, chifukwa izi, zigamba za nkhuku kapena nyama ina iliyonse yoyambira kapena nsomba ndizoyenera kwambiri.

Makoswe ndi makoswe amatha kuvulaza matulalawo akayamba kuwaukira, motero amalimbikitsidwa kuti atha kuyenda, kuwononga msana wawo asadye.

Pazakudya za ziweto zanu muyenera kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi calcium yambiri. Kutsindika makamaka kuyenera kuyikidwa pa mavitamini B12, B6, B1, phytin ndi calcium glycerophosphate. Potere, kudyetsa ana ang'ono kuyenera kuchitika kangapo pa sabata, ndipo kwa akulu, kudyetsa kamodzi pa sabata kudzakwanira.

Vutoli

Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa poizoni kumapezeka m'matumbo am'mbuyo-khutu, komabe, mukamakambirana ndi amphibian uyu, ndikofunikira kulingaliranso kuti poizoni amapezekanso m'matumbo omwe amapezeka thupi lake lonse, ngakhale ochepa.

Kwa ana, zoterezi zimatha kupha. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti sikuti ming'alu yachikulire ndiyomwe ili ndi poizoni, komanso anthu achichepere kapena ma tadpoles.

Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuyanjana kwa ziweto zanu ndi ziweto izi, chifukwa palibe nthawi zochepa pamene galu kapena mphaka yemwe akusewera ndi aga afa ndi poizoni.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Zovala zamtunduwu zimakonda kuyendetsa usiku wokangalika, nthawi zambiri zimagona masana, zitaikidwa m'matalala kapena pogona.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti musokoneze kwambiri kugona nthawi yamasana, chifukwa izi zimatha kusokoneza mitsempha yachilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zina mu thanzi la ziweto zanu. Chifukwa chake, kudyetsa bwino kumachitika usiku kapena kumapeto kwa tsiku. Agi sasangalala nawo akamatenge, atakhazikika ndikuyang'aniridwa pafupi, ngati mungazolowere chiweto chanu pochita izi, sizingamupweteketseni.

Oimira onse amtunduwu amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi kuwonekera kwa aliyense m'banjamo, kapena, osachitapo kanthu.

Izi amphibians khalani ndi moyo wamphamvu kwambiri: sunthani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamtunda, pangani mawu ochepa ndipo sangakupatseni chisangalalo chachikulu mu nthawi yanu, kutanthauza usiku, nthawi.

Nthawi zina njira yokhayo yowapangitsira kuti akhale ndi moyo ndikuwawonetsa chakudya chawo.

Kuswana

Mutha kuyamba kupanga zala zofotokozedwazo atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi. Nthawi ya masewera ukwati yogwira chimayamba kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Pa kuswana kwa terrarium, nthawi ya Meyi imadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yakukhwima.

Musanayambe njirayi, muyenera kukonzekera malo opingasa okhala ndi chosungira chotseka.

Manja, akachoka nyengo yawo yozizira, amaikidwa pamalo otsekera, momwe amayeserera mwachangu nyengo yamvula, mwa kuiponongera ndi madzi (kangapo patsiku) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zonyamula mpweya.

Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsime zomwe zimakhala m'madzimo sizigwera pansi pa 60%. Atasunga ulamulirowu kwa sabata limodzi, aquarium amatsegulidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi chosungira. Ndipo kwa mwezi umodzi amapitilizabe kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri mu terarium.

Madzi dziwe liyenera kuyimbidwa nthawi zonse ndi kuchiritsa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa pampu, compressor ya aquarium kapena fyuluta yakunja.

Pambuyo pa mating, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala kwa maola angapo, yaikazi imayikira mazira angapo motsutsana, nthawi zambiri kuyambira pa 8 mpaka 7000, yomwe imawoneka ngati nthiti yayitali, yoterera.

Izi zikachitika, mitu ya akulu ikhoza kuyikidwako m'mbali mwake.

Pakupita masiku ochepa, ma tadpoles ayamba kuwoneka kuchokera ku caviar, chitukuko chomwe oyimira achinyamata amtunduwu angatenge mwezi umodzi. Kutentha kwamadzi, koyenerera bwino kukula kwa ma tadpoles, kuyenera kukhala +23 mpaka +25 degrees. Popewa kuponyera zinyalala podyera tadpoles wocheperako ndi ena otukuka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisanjidwewo ndi kukula ndikuwadzala m'malo osungira osiyanasiyana.

Ndikofunika kuti malo osungira madzi am'madzi azikhala ndi milatho yapadera yotulutsira anthu omwe adamaliza metamorphosis kupita pagombe.

Chifukwa chake, tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idayankha mafunso anu onse okhudza mitundu yamitundu iyi.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muyang'anire mosamala kuti chiweto chanu chisathawe, pafupipafupi komanso mokwanira, kumudyetsa, kuyang'anira thanzi lake ndikutchinjiriza anthu ena ndi nyama kuti zisamuvulaze, ndiye kuti wolumikizana uyu amasangalatsa maso anu kwazaka zambiri ndi kukhalapo kwake.

Chiphe

Inde, chakupha m'magawo onse a moyo. Chikhodzicho chikasokonekera, tiziwalo tating'ono timakhala ndi chinsinsi choyera chokhala ndi bufotoxins, chimatha "kuwombera" kwa adani. Vuto la Aga ndilamphamvu, limakhudza makamaka mtima ndi mitsempha, zimapangitsa kutsokomola, kupsinjika, kusanza, kuwonjezeka magazi, nthawi zina kufa ziwalo kwakanthawi ndi kufa chifukwa chomangidwa mtima. Za poizoni, kulumikizana kosavuta ndi tiziwopsezo tokwanira ndikokwanira. Poiz kudutsa mucous nembanemba wamaso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa kumabweretsa ululu waukulu, kutupa, ndi khungu kwakanthawi. Kuchulukitsa kwa khungu la aga pamwambo wawo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu aku South America kunyowetsa mivi. Amwenye achi Choco ochokera kumadzulo kwa Colombia adamwetsa mkaka poizoni ndikuwayika m'matumba a bamboo atapachikidwa pamoto, kenako ndikutola chakupha chachikaso m'mbale zadothi. Khwangwala waku Australia anaphunzira kutembenuzira makalatawo ndipo, atagunda ndi mulomo, kuti adye, amataya mbali zina ndi tinthu tokhala ndi poizoni.

Mtengo wamunthu

Anayesa kupanga zida zankhondo kuti atulutsire tizirombo tambiri paminda ya nzimbe ndi minda yabwino ya mbatata, chifukwa chofalitsa motalikirana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chawo ndikukhala tizirombo tokha, poyizoni poizoni chakudya ndi amphibians wamba.

Zala-aga ku Australia

Mitolo 102 inaperekedwa mu June 1935 kupita ku Australia kuchokera ku Hawaii kuti azilamulira tizirombo ta nzimbe. Ali ku ukapolo, anakwanitsa kubereka, ndipo mu Ogasiti 1935 ana ang'onoang'ono oposa 3,000 anamasulidwa pamalo aboma kumpoto kwa Queensland. Poyerekeza ndi tizirombo, mibadwo idakhala yopanda tanthauzo (chifukwa adapeza nyama zina), koma mwachangu adayamba kuchuluka kuchuluka kwawo ndikufalikira, mpaka kumalire a New South Wales mu 1978 ndi Northern Territory mu 1984. Pakadali pano malire a mitundu iyi ku Australia amasunthidwa kumwera ndi kumadzulo ndi 25 km chaka chilichonse.

Anthu ochulukirachulukirachulukira akuwopseza kwambiri zachilengedwe zaku Australia.

Pakadali pano, eya ali ndi vuto pa zilombo za ku Australia, kudya, kupsinjika ndi kuyambitsa poyizoni wa nyama zakunyumba. zotsatira zake ndi mitundu yapafupi ya achule ndi abuluzi ndi marsupials zing'onozing'ono, kuphatikizapo anthu a mitundu osowa. Kufalikira kwa aga kumalumikizidwa ndi kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa malo okhala malo owoneka bwino, komanso abuluzi akuluakulu ndi njoka (njoka zakufa ndi nyalugwe, njoka yakuda). Zikuwonongetsanso njuchi, kuwononga njuchi za uchi. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ingapo imasaka mwanzeru izi, kuphatikizapo khwangwala ku Australia ndi kite wakuda. Njira zothanirana ndi aga sizinapangidwebe, ngakhale pali malingaliro ogwiritsa ntchito nyerere za nyama pacholinga ichi ( Iridomyrmex purpureus ) .

Zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi zala

Mitundu iyi idapezeka ku zilumba za Hawaii, ndipo mu 30s adachokera ku zilumba kupita ku Australia kuti awononge tizirombo. Masiku ano amawononga kwambiri nyama za ku Australia, chifukwa amadziwitsa poizoni nyama zomwe sizigwirizana ndi poyizoni wawo komanso kufunafuna mikanda ina.

Toad aga ili ndi amodzi mwa mapapo opanga opanga kwambiri.

M'miyala yaku South America yotchedwa Bufo marinus, ma enzyme a hallucinogenic amamasulidwa pakhungu. M'malo mwake, amafanana ndi mankhwala a LSD. Mkhalidwe woledzera umakwiyitsa bufotenin, womwe umabweretsa kuchepa kwakanthawi. Pakufukulidwa kwa mzinda wakale wa Meyi ku Mexico, zotsalira zambiri zamalovuzi zidapezeka pafupi ndi zipupa za kachisi.

Amakhulupirira kuti a Mayans adapeza poizoni kuchokera kuma chala osati kuti awaphe, koma kuti athe kupeza zotsatira zoyipa. Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pamiyambo yachipembedzo pomwe amadzimana. Nthawi yomweyo, wovutitsidwayo komanso miyambo ina yonseyo anali m'manja mwa mankhwalawo.

Ndipo amwenye ochokera kumadzulo kwa Colombia adviika mivi pamutu uwu. Wachichaina adagwiritsa ntchito poizoni ngati mankhwala.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.