Pazithunzi zakale za ku China komanso kusindikiza kwa silika, chithunzi cha cholengedwa chakunja sichinkaperekedwa nthawi zambiri - nyani wokhala ndi nkhope ya buluu komanso tsitsi lowala lagolide. Azungu anasilira kupangidwa kwa ambuye achi China, osaganizira ngati nyama yotereyi ingakhalepo, idawoneka yosalala komanso yosangalatsa monga chithunzi cha akambuku muzojambula zomwezo.
Zoo
Nyani wa mbewa yagolide (Pygathrix roxellana)
Gulu - Mammals
Gulu - anyani
Suborder - anyani apamwamba
Superfamily - nyani wotsika-wamphongo
Banja - Monkey
Subfamily - nyani woonda
Ndodo - Pigatrix
Anyani amtundu wa agolide amapezeka kumwera komanso pakati China. Anthu okhala pamitengo yayitali kwambiri amakhala ku Volun National Reserve (Sichuan).
Banja - wamwamuna, wamkazi angapo ndi ana awo - amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo ndikutsikira pansi kuti afotokozere za ubale ndi abale kapena anansi. Komabe, pangozi pang'ono, iye nthawi yomweyo akukwera pamwamba pa mitengo.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mutu wa anyani akuluakulu ndi 57-75 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 50-70 cm. Kuchulukitsa kwa amuna ndi 16 kg, zazikazi ndizokulirapo: amatha kulemera mpaka 35 makilogalamu. Amuna atha kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 7, zazikazi - zaka 4-5. Mimba imatenga miyezi 7. Makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana.
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Amadziwika kuti anyaniwa ndi nyama zotentha, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala m'malo omwe mulibe kutentha. Ndi ochepa kwambiri (ma Japan ndi North Africa macaques) omwe adakwanitsa kudziwa magawo. Koma m'malo okwera, kumene kumakhalako chisanu weniweni ndi chisanu ndi chisanu, sizichitika.
M'mbuyomu, ma rhinopithecines satuluka mu lamuloli - malo omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa subtropics ndi otentha. Koma anyaniwa amakhala m'mapiriwo pamalo okwera mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mamitala atatu osamvetseka. Gawo lam'munsi la lambawu limakhala ndi nsungwi za bamboo ndi evergreens. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha pamunsi pa ziro ndi chipale chofewa kumachitika pano. Koma anyaniwa m'malo oterewa amakhala omasuka kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nyani anyawu."
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Koma ndi uti wa iwo amene amatha kugaya makungwa a mitengo kapena singano za paini? Ndipo rhinopithecus amalimbana osati ndi izi zokha, komanso ngakhale ndi ndere. Zachidziwikire, zikafuna kusankha, anyani agolide amakonda zinthu zofananira ndi anyani onse - zipatso ndi mtedza.
Osawopa chipale chofewa ndi chisanu, wokhoza kupeza chakudya kulikonse, golide wadalipo nthawi imeneyo pamene mapiri akumwera ndi pakati China adakutidwa ndi nkhalango yosatha. Komabe, alimi achi China olimbikira ntchito, patatha zaka zana limodzi, adalanda malo atsopano m'nkhalango. Arman David kale paulendo wake wobwerera ku Europe adalemba ndi alarm za kutha kwa nyama zamtchire, zomwe amazikonda kwambiri. Pafupifupi zaka 130 zapita kuchokera nthawi imeneyo. Nthawi yonseyi, pamene kuwonongedwa kwa nkhalango zaku China kukupitirirabe, anyaniwa adavutika kwambiri kuposa ena okhala m'nkhalango: nawonso adazunzidwa mwachindunji. Chakudya cha ku China chimawona nyani aliyense ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali, kuwonjezera apo, ubweya wa rhinopithecus sili wokongola komanso wolimba, komanso "umathandiza" ku rheumatism ...
Omu mwahichile makumi osena, vaka-kwambulula vamuChinese vaze veji kuzachilanga. Nyani zagolide zimatetezedwa; malo osungirako malo ndi malo osungirako zapangidwa m'malo awo. Njira zingapo zolimbana ndi ozizira ziloleka kupha nsomba popanda chilolezo ndikuletsa kuwopsa kwa nyama zodabwitsazi. Tsopano pafupifupi 5,000 5,000 rhinopithecus amakhala m'nkhalango zakomwe. Izi sizambiri, koma mowerengera kuchuluka kwa kukula kumeneku kumatha kukhala ndi moyo wopanda malire. Vuto ndilakuti palibe anthu amodzi: anyaniwa amakhala m'mabanja osiyanasiyana pa zilumba zamnkhalangoyi, olekanitsidwa ndi nyanja yosagonjetseka kwa iwo. Pakadali pano, banja labwino la nyani (wamwamuna wamkulu, akazi ake angapo ndi ana awo azaka zosiyana - nyama 40 zokha) amafunikira nkhalango 15 mpaka 502 kuti azikhala. Chifukwa chake, mabanja ochepa okha amakhala pachilumba chilichonse, kapenanso m'modzi. Kusinthanitsa ma genetic pakati pa magulu a anthu oterewa ndizosatheka, ndipo izi zimawabweza m'mibadwo ingapo. Akatswiri sanapezebe njira zothetsera vutoli. Malingaliro a kusamutsa nyama zazing'ono kumalo amtundu wina kupita kwina kapena kumasula anyani obadwira mu ukapolo akukambidwa. Koma kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu otere, ndikofunikira kudziwa zambiri za rhinopithecus kuposa zomwe zikudziwika tsopano. Tikufuna chidziwitso osati zakapangidwe ka zakudya zawo komanso nthawi yobereka, komanso za ubale womwe uli pakati pa gulu, pakati pa gulu ndi alendo. Mwakutero, anyani agolide amakhalanso odabwitsa monga momwe analiri pomwe ankangowoneka pazithunzi zakale zokha.
Maonekedwe a mbewa Roxolana
Akuluakulu a nyani wamphongo wopanda njoka amakula mpaka ma sentimita 75, koma izi sizimaphatikizapo mchira, womwe nthawi zina umakhala 100% kutalika kwa thupi (kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 sentimita). Akazi amtunduwu ndi okulirapo kuposa abambo.
Kuchulukitsa kwa akazi kumachokera pa kilogalamu 25 mpaka 35, pomwe amuna amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 16.
Kwambiri, mawonekedwe a anyani awa, mtundu wawo umagunda. Chizindikiro chawo sichikutidwa ndi tsitsi, khungu limakhala labluu. Chovalacho nchachikulu, kuzungulira mutu ndipo m'dera la khosi ndimawoneka ofiira, ndichifukwa chake anyani amatchedwa golide. Thupi lonse lilipakidwa pamithunzi yotuwa. Dera lachifuwa ndi gawo lam'mimba ndizoyera. Onani chithunzi - ndi okongola kwambiri, si choncho?
Anyani agolide ali ndi mitundu yodabwitsa.
Moyo Wamtundu Wa Golide
Makamaka ndi nyama zapakhosi. Nthawi zambiri amatsikira pansi, pongofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti, ngati kuli kotheka, anyani amtopola amatha kuthana ndimadziwe ang'onoang'ono.
Asayansi amati anyani agolide amakonda kukhala m'gulu lalikulu la ng'ombe, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa anyaniwa kumafika mpaka pafupifupi nyani 600. M'miyezi yophukira, ma Roxolans amagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 60.
Nyani izi zimamva bwino m'malo otsetsereka. Nthawi zina zimatha kupezeka kumapiri mpaka pamtunda wa 3000 metres, chifukwa chifukwa cha ubweya wofunda, anyani amphongo posintha nyengo sikoipa.
Nyani zagolide ndi zolengedwa zoyenda kwambiri, zimatha kukwera nthambi yayitali kwambiri yamtengo nthawi iliyonse, kuti palibe amene angazigwire.
Kodi zimatheka bwanji kuti abulu amphongo agolide apangidwe?
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo imatha mpaka Novembala. Pofuna kukopa chidwi chaimphona, nyani wamkulu amayamba "kum'nyoza": amayang'ana wosankhidwa wake, kenako amamuthawa. Koma si wamwamuna aliyense amene amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu ngati izi. Zikuwoneka kuti, nyani wamphongo wagolideyo siivuta kutemwa!
Ngakhale zitakhala kuti awiriwo apanga, nyaniyo amayamba kukwatiwa. Yaikazi imanyamula ana amenewo kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Anyani amphongo ali ndi khanda 1 mpaka 2. Pambuyo pobadwa, mayi amasamalira ana, ndipo bambo amangosamalira tsitsi la ana.
Mchaka chachisanu (chachikazi) kapena chachisanu ndi chiwiri (chachimuna) cha moyo, kutha msambo kumachitika mu mbadwo wachichepere
Nyani zagolide ndi makolo achitsanzo.
Adani
Asayansi sadziwa kwenikweni za adani a nyani wosagundika, chifukwa kuthekera kwawo kubisala pakuwatsutsa ndi liwiro la mphezi kumawapulumutsa kwa adani.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nyama zodabwitsazi kukutetezedwa kwambiri ndi boma.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
06.12.2015
Nyani wagolide wokhala ndi nthenga (lat. Rhinopithecus roxellana) ndi imodzi mwazosowa kwambiri komanso zachilendo kwambiri za banja la Martyshkov (lat. Cercopithecidae). Ku China, amatchedwanso chipale chofewa, golide, ndalama ndi silika.
Amakhulupirira ambiri kuti imatha kubweretsa zabwino komanso chuma. Pofuna kukonza chuma, aku China adachiwonetsera pazinthu zapakhomo m'zaka za zana la III.
Woyamba pakati pa azungu kuti awone nyani wosakhazikika m'maso mwachilengedwe anali mmishonale waku France Jean-Pierre Armand David pa nthawi yake yopita ku China mu 70s ya XX century. Khalidwe losangalatsa, malingaliro komanso kusangalala kwa nyaniyo zidamuwonetsa chidwi. Adachita chidwi ndi cholengedwachi kotero adabwera ndi dzina Lachilatini polemekeza Roxolana, mkazi wa sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Kugawa
Bulu wokhala ndi ma snub-nosed amakhala kumapiri okhala ndi mapiri osakanikirana a Southeast China kumadera a Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei ndi Shaanxi. Malo amapezeka pamalo okwera kuyambira 1200 mpaka 3300 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Anthu ambiri azolowera kukhala munkhalango ya Shennongjia kumadzulo kwa Hubei, komwe kwa miyezi yayitali yozizira chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo kutentha kumatsika pansi -20 ° C. M'nyengo yotentha, pamakhala kutentha mpaka 38 ° C, ndipo chinyezi cha mpweya chimakwera mpaka 90 peresenti.
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo movutikira chotere, anyani amathandizira kupuma kwapadera. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri azowona ndi nyama, kupumula kwamphamvu kumapulumutsa mphamvu mukamapuma komanso kuwonekera pakasinthidwe.
Khalidwe
Nyani zopanda mbewa zimagwira ntchito masana. Pachimake zochitika zimachitika m'mawa komanso masana. Munthawi imeneyi, anyani amakhala otanganidwa kuyang'ana kwawo ndikupeza chakudya.
Amamva bwino chimodzimodzi pamitengo komanso pansi. Pamalo olimba amayenda mbali zonse zinayi, koma mosavuta kukhala ndi malo ofukurirapo. Nyani zimakonda kusewera kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi ndipo zimatha kupititsa mpaka 4 km pamtengo wa mitengo patsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, kayendedwe ka nyama kamachepa.
Mtundu wa anyaniwa amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala achimuna, akazi angapo ndi ana awo.
Gululi likhoza kuphatikizira kuyambira 9 mpaka 18 anthu. Wamphongo amatsogolera. Mikangano imabuka pakati pa akazi nthawi yayitali kuti abweretse gawo lalikulu pamagulu awanthu.
Alendo ambiri amafunafuna mtsogoleri ndi kutenga malo ake. Kuyanjana pakati pa anthu opemphedwa kuti asankhe mutu wa azimayi kumachitika chifukwa cha manja, kuwopseza komanso ndewu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala kumbali ya mbuye wawo woyenera ndipo, palimodzi, amathamangitsa ochita nawo alendo osasangalatsa. Mlendo akatsogolera abusa, nthawi zambiri amapha ana a mtsogoleri woyamba.
Kuphatikiza pa magulu amabanja, pali magulu a achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi anyamata achichepere 4-7. Nthawi zina gulu limodzi kapena zingapo zimatha kuphatikizidwa mgulu limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako nkugawikana. Pafupifupi, malo olowa m'malo ndi anthu ali m'manja kwambiri. Malo a gululi amatenga mita 40. km ndipo nthawi zambiri imadutsana ndi zigawo zina.
M'nyengo yotentha, anyani amadya zipatso, zipatso, mtedza ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazomera. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amasinthana ndi ma lichens ndi makungwa a mitengo. M'nyengo yotentha, amakwera mapiri kukhala nkhalango zowirira, ndipo nyengo yadzuwa ikamatsika zigwa.
Kuswana
Nthawi yakukhwima imayambira pa Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Zachikazi, zokonzekera kubereka, zimayamba kupanga maso amphongo. Padzidalira, amayamba mayendedwe afupi pafupi ndi iye, kuyesera kuwonetsa mwamphamvu zokongola zawo.
Nthawi zina mafashoni amakongoletsa kwa maola angapo. Mtsogoleri yemwe ali ndi kunyada kopanda chidwi amawonetsa kulimba kwa chikhalidwe chake komanso kutha kudziletsa.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 6. Ana amabadwa kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi mpaka Epulo. Mayi aliyense nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mkono umodzi wokha. Chovala cha mwana ndi chakuda kupatula pamimba choduwa. Kuphatikiza pa amayi, azimayi ena amatenga nawo mbali polera ake.
Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga zaka 1.5. Kusintha pang'onopang'ono chakudya chokhazikika kumayamba pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Amuna azaka zitatu amasiya gulu la makolo, ndipo akazi nthawi zambiri amakhalamo. Amakhala okhwima pa zaka 5-7.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 48-68. Mchirawo ndi wautali pang'ono kuposa thupi. Zazikazi zimalemera pafupifupi 11-12 kg, ndipo zazimuna zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 18-20. Kulemera kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo.
Thunthu ndi miyendo yake imapangidwa utoto zosiyanasiyana zachikasu. Kumbuyo ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira. Ubweya wake umakhala wautali.
Nkhope ndi yoyera komanso yamaliseche. Kuzungulira maso khungu limapaka utoto wabuluu. Mphuno ndi yopindika komanso yaifupi. Mphuno imatsogozedwa. Mwa okalamba, pafupifupi amafika pamphumi.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa anyani amphongo agolide ndi zaka pafupifupi 20. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa anthu akuyerekeza kuchokera pa nyama mpaka 10,000.