Nyama yamoyo kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi gira. Girafi wamwamuna amatha kukula mpaka mamita 5.8. Koma m'nthawi zam'mbuyomu, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zinkakhala padziko lathuli, zomwe zimatha kupikisana nawo kukula ndi milili.
Pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni makumi atatu zapitazo, munthawi yomwe amatchedwa Oligocene, nkhalango zambiri zamathunzi zidakula m'dera la Kazakhstan masiku ano. Zitsamba zowirira zimasinthana ndi mitengo yobiriwira komanso nyanja zazinyalala. Pamenepo, pakati pa mitengo yobalalika ya beech, nyanga za pansi, mapu komanso nkhuni zazikulu, adalandira malo awo okhala.
Nyamazo zinali pachibale cha zikwangwani zamakono, ndipo monga anangula amakono, adya nthambi ndi masamba omwe amakhala pamwamba pa mtengo.
Indricotherium ndi kholo lakale kwambiri lomwe linali mwa nyama zazitali kwambiri.
Mu gulu la nyenyezi zazikuluzikulu zamtunduwu, inali Indricoteria yomwe inali yambiri kwambiri. Zotsalira za nyama izi mu 1915 zidapezeka ndi katswiri wotchuka wa ku Russia paleontologist komanso wodziwa zamagetsi A. Borisyak. Zinachitika ku Kazakhstan kudera la Turgai. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti A. Borisyak, mwa zina, anali woyamba wa Moscow Paleontological Institute.
Monga momwe zimachitikira m'chiuno, chomwe chinali kholo lakale la kavalo, zotsalira za indricoterium nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo a Oligocene padziko lapansi kotero kuti nyama zonse zomwe zinkakhala nthawi imeneyo, ndi zomwe zotsalira zake zimapezeka strata, adamupatsa dzina Nthawi ya Oligocene. Kuchuluka kwa nyama izi sikunali kokha gawo la Kazakhstan yamakono yokha. Ma Indricoteries anali ochulukanso m'gawo lamakono la Mongolia komanso kumadera ena a China.
Indricotherium idakhala ndi dzina lovuta lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la Indrik-chilombo kuchokera ku nkhani yapamwamba yaku Russia.
Kutalika kwa ma indricoteria kunali kokwanira: kutalika kwake pakufota kumafikira pafupifupi mamita asanu. Ndipo kukula kwa balucheterium, komwe adamupangira, kunganenedwe kuti ndi mchimwene wake, ndipo ankakhala kudera la Mongolia, Pakistan ndi India, anali theka lalitali kuposa mita.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a paleontologists, pansi pamimba ya baluchiteriya gulu lonse la asitikali likhoza kudutsa, ndikumanga anthu asanu ndi mmodzi motsatana.
Komabe, izi, sizinatanthauze kuti ma rhinos opanda nyanga.
Mu 1911, wofufuza wachingelezi C. Cooper adatulukira ku West Pakistan, m'magulu a Oligocene, zotsalira za nyama yayikulu yomwe sichikudziwika sayansi. Dziko la sayansi silinawonebe zotsalira ngati izi. Mulimonsemo, nthawi yomaliza zimphona zoterezi zidapezeka m'magulu a nthawi ya ma dinosaur. Koma chilombochi chidatha kupitilira unyinji wawukulu wakupweteka kwambiri kukula ndi kulemera kwa mafupa awo.
Kutalika kwa kufinya kwa chimphona ichi kunali pafupifupi mikono inayi.
Chilombochi chidapatsidwa dzina la "Baluchiterium", zomwe zimawonetsa kuti amapezeka ku Baluchitsan. K. Cooper moyenerera adatinso kuti iye ndi wa mimbulu yopanda nyanga ndipo sanalakwe.
Ndipo mu 1922, m'chipululu cha Gobi, akatswiri azithunzi zaku America adatha kupeza zidutswa za chigaza cha chimphona china. Mwa zidutswa mazana atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi atatha kupanikizika pamodzi, chigaza cha baluchiterium chidapangidwa. Ndipo zaka zina zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake, m'malo omwewo, anakumba mafupa pafupi ndi baluchiterium.
Malinga ndi R. Andrews, zinali zovuta kukhulupirira kuti nthawi ina padziko lapansi panali chidutswa chachitali, kutalika kwake kuyambira kumunsi kwa mchira mpaka pamphuno kunali pafupifupi mamita khumi. Zinali zovuta kukhulupiriranso kuti kutalika kwa nyamayi kufota kufikira mita sikisi. Ndipo pamene ziphuphu zopanda nyanga izi zitatulutsa khosi lake lamphamvu, ndiye kuti phokoso lake linakwera mpaka mikono eyiti. Ngakhale milalang'amba yayitali kwambiri, zonse zomwezo, imatsalirabe mamita atatu pansi kuposa khonde.
Nthawi ina, buluzi wamkulu ngati brontosaurus ankakhala Padziko Lapansi. Komabe, ngakhale thupi lake silinali labwino kwambiri ngati la Baluchiteriya. Zowona, brontosaurus idapambanabe kutalika kuyambira pamphuno mpaka kumchira, chifukwa chakuti khosi ndi mchira wa brontosaurus zidali zazitali kwambiri.
Koma ngati mutenga ma brachiosaurs atali kwambiri, muyenera kuvomereza kuti adapitilira balochiteri m'njira zonse. Iwo anali awiri kutalika kwake ndi ma brontosaurus m'litali, pomwe kutalika kwake kunali kofanana ndi kutalika kwa Baluchiterium ndipo ngakhale apamwamba kuposa iwo. Ndipo iwo amakhoza kukweza mitu yawo pamwamba pa dziko lapansi osati chifukwa cha eyiti, koma pafupi khumi ndi awiri.
Zowona, popeza onse brachiosaurus ndi brontosaurus sizinyama, kukhala zodzala, ndizabwino kunena kuti sangaphatikizidwe pamgulu la zolengedwa zapamwamba kwambiri.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti akatswiri angapo amakono a paleontologists atsimikizira kuti baluchiterium ndi baluchiterium ndi nyama imodzi yomweyo kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana. Mulimonsemo, onse awiriwa ndi oimira amtundu wofanana wa praceratheria. Araloterias ofotokozedwa mu 1939 nawonso ali amtundu womwewo, womwe adapangidwa ndi A. Borisyak.
Rhinos, poyerekeza ndi makolo awo, Indricotherian, ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso ochepa.
Chilichonse chomwe chinali, koma ndikuvomereza kuti nthawi yomweyo ziphuphuzi zimakhala ndi abale ake omwe adadziwika ndi kukula kwa mbiri.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Megalodon
Megalodons anali anzeru zapamwamba kwambiri omwe akhala zaka 3 miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Dzino la megalodone lokha silingakhale m'manja mwa munthu wamkulu. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 20, ndipo kulemera kwake kudafika matani 47. Kulimba kwa megalodon kunali matani 10!
1. Argentinosaurus
Argentinosaurus - imodzi mwa dinosaurs wamkulu kwambiri omwe adakhalako ku South America, amatchedwa Argentina (komwe idapezeka). Kutalika kwake kunali pafupifupi 36,5 m (120 ft) kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira ndipo amatha kulemera pafupifupi matani 100. Vertebra imodzi yokha inali yayikulu kuposa 1,2 metres!
Nyama zazikulu kwambiri komanso zoopsa kwambiri
Mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo, nyama zinkakhala Padziko Lapansi, zazikulupo komanso zoopsa kotero timangofunika chisangalalo kuti zidasowa anthu asanaonekere. Kodi anali otani? Takambirana kale za ena mwa iwo, ndipo tsopano tikufotokozerani zosangalatsa za ena, olemekezeka, oimira nyama zakufa.
Chamoyo "chokongola" ichi chinakhala zaka 5 miliyoni zapitazo m'chigawo chamakono cha Argentina. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, "argentavis" amatanthauza "mbalame yotchuka ya ku Argentina."
Argentavis ndiye mbalame yayikulu kwambiri kuuluka m'mbiri ya dziko lathuli, yomwe kutalika kwake kunali kosachepera 1.5 m, mapiko akufikira 7 m, kutalika kwa mutu - 45 cm, ndi kulemera - 70 kg. Wow mbalame! Kuthamanga kwa ndege - mpaka 65 km / h.
Anthu aku Argentina ankangodya nyama yatsopano, zodzola chifukwa sizinali zawo. Adasaka nyama zazing'ono, zomwe adazimeza zonse. Monga lamulo, awa anali makoswe.
Chochititsa chidwi. AArgentavis sanatsatire nyama yake, kuwuluka mlengalenga, adatsata gulu lalikulu la nyama zomwe zimayenera kukhala mbalame pakudya masana, ndipo adagwera pamwamba pawo, ndikumenya thupi lake lodwala, moona. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zingapo zidayamba kuzunzidwa, zomwe ma argentavis adazimeza nthawi yomweyo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbalame yokongola imeneyi ndi zaka zana limodzi. Nthawi zambiri a kuAravia anamwalira ali aang'ono, popeza analibe adani m'chilengedwe.
Kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, mkaziyo ankayika mazira 1 pa kilogalamu imodzi, ndikuwasamala ndi amphongo: mmodzi amakhala, wachiwiri amafunafuna chakudya. Ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka, mwana wankhuku amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, koma amatha kukhala kholo lokha ali ndi zaka 10.
"Megistotherium" m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "chirombo chachikulu kwambiri", ndipo nyama yamphamvuyi idakhala padziko lapansi zaka 20 miliyoni zapitazo.
Megistotherium - nyama yayikulu kwambiri yakudya yomwe idakhalapo padziko lapansi - kutalika kwake kupitilira 2 m, kutalika - 4 m, kukula kwa nsagwada - 90 cm ndi 60 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kufika 900 - 1400 kg.
Inali nyama yokhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lalifupi, koma miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri.
Andrewsarch adakhala zaka zoposa 40 miliyoni zapitazo. Iye, ngati megistotherium, anali ndi thupi lamphamvu squat, mutu waukulu (wopitilira 80 masentimita ndi 55 cm mulifupi) ndi ma fangalo akulu, miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zibwano zazikulu ndi mchira wa theka la mita. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, inali yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa megistoteria kukula kwake, ngakhale ndizosatheka kudziwa, chifukwa zotsalira zake zochepa ndizomwe zimapezeka - chigaza chimodzi ndi mafupa angapo. Akatswiri ena a paleontologists amati anali Andrewsarch yemwe anali nyama yayikulu kwambiri yam'madzi, yomwe kulemera kwake kumatha kupitirira matani 1.5!
Mwina, Andrewsarch anali nyama yovuta - adadya nyama yomwe adagwira, koma sanapewe mtembowo.
"Tyrannosaurus" potanthauzira kuchokera ku Latin amatanthauza "buluzi wankhanza". Adakhala m'dera lamakono la North America zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo. Inali nyama yolusa ikuyenda miyendo iwiri. Kutalika kwa mafupa oponderezedwa ndi 12,3 m, kulemera kwa nyamayo, mwina mwina amathanso 7. Amakhala ndi mutu wamphamvu (mpaka 1.5m kutalika), khosi lalifupi, thupi lamphamvu komanso mchira wolemera, womwe unkakhala wopepuka komanso wolola wankhanza kuti usunge malo ofukula.
Mafupa a tyrannosaurus anali opanda kanthu mkati (ngakhale anali olimba kwambiri), omwe adalola kuchepetsa kulemera kwa nyamayo.
Mano akulu kwambiri mwa mano ankhanza omwe amapezeka anali a 30 cm, ndipo malo oyandikira anali pafupifupi 85 cm ndi 70 lonse!
Mwana wankhalwe amatha kuyenda pa liwiro la 70 km / h, lomwe, mukuwona, ndi lambiri kwa chimphona chotere.
Chamoyo "chokondweretsa" ichi chinakonda chakudya chomwe chinali chitangophedwa kumene, ndi zovalazo. Pamolin anali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri lomwe limalola kuti lizinunkhira zovalazo patali kwambiri. Komanso anali ndi maso opatsa chidwi.
Malinga ndi asayansi, wankhanza ndiye mwiniwake woluma kwambiri pakati pa nyama zonse zokhala padziko lapansi. Kugwira wozunzidwayo ndi nsagwada zake, wankhanza adayamba kugwedeza mutu wake kuchokera kumbali kupita kumbali, mpaka adatulutsa chidutswa cha nyama, cholemera chomwe chimatha kufikira 70 kg.
Asayansi, ataphunzira kapangidwe ka nsagwada za buluziyo, adazindikira kuti chakudya chikamalowa pakati pa mano, chidayamba kukokoloka, chomwe chidayamba kuwola ndipo mabakiteriya owopsa adalowa malovu ake. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kuluma kwa tyrannosaurus kunali ndi poizoni, komwe kunapangitsa kuti wopatsidwayo aphedwe komanso atamwalira pambuyo pake.
M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti "mbadwa zamakono" za ankhanza - abuluzi a Komodo nawonso adachitanso chimodzimodzi.
Velociraptor ndi dinosaur wamkulu wapakatikati yemwe amakhala zaka zoposa mamiliyoni 80 zapitazo, kutalika kwake kunali kochepera pang'ono 2m, kutalika - 70 cm, kulemera - pafupifupi 20 kg. Anali ndi miyendo yam'mbuyo yamphamvu yokhala ndi zolimba masentimita asanu ndi awiri, yomwe adalasa mabala akulu ndi adani. Mano ake anali atawerama kumbuyo, zomwe zinkapangitsa kuti agwire nyamayo mwamphamvu. Velociraptor analinso ndi mchira wamphamvu, womwe unamuthandiza kuti asasunthike pakuyima komanso pamene akuthamanga.
Ngakhale anali ocheperako, ma velociraptors nthawi zambiri ankawagwiritsa nyama yayikulu ndipo amapambana nkhondo. Adathandizidwa pamenepa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongola ndi fungo labwino, malingaliro abwino, okonda kupsa mtima komanso sukulu - adasaka, atasonkhana m'magulu akulu.
Velociraptor sanathamangire womutsatira - adadikirira nthawi yoyenera, kenako adamuthamangira ndi liwiro la mphezi. Atagunda, dinosaur uyu adakakamira mano ake m'malo otetezeka - khosi kapena mitsempha. "Chakudya chamasana" chikamwalira, chidacho, chimatsamira mchira wake ndikuyimilira mwendo umodzi, ndikumangirira thupi lachiwiri la womenyayo.
Eestus ndi kholo losatha la shaki amakono, powayerekezera ndi omwe shaki imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri. Inali chimphona cha mita 7, chomwe chinali ndi mano a sentimita khumi, omwe alibe analogue, pomwe iye adalawa pang'ono "chakudya chamasana" pakati.
Kodi mano ake anali osiyana bwanji? Poyamba, sizinatheretu pakhungu - mano okula pang'ono pang'ono pang'onopang'ono atulutsira okalamba pakamwa, chifukwa, mano onse okhathamira ndi otalikirana amatuluka m'mkamwa m'mbali zonse.
Kachiwiri, mano a eestus sanakhale m'mphepete mwa nsagwada, koma pakati, pamzere wowongoka.
Gorgonops ndi nyama yolusa yomwe idakhala zaka 260 miliyoni zapitazo, m'malo mwa ma dinosaurs. Ichi ndi chiweto chachikulu chomenyera nyama (kuyambira 70 cm mpaka 4 m m'litali) ndi miyendo yayitali yam'mbuyo ndi mano amphamvu, ndikumakonda ma herbivores akuluakulu. Mwina amatha kusaka nyama zam'madzi.
Ma Gorgonops anali ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, ndikuyenda bwino kosunthira ndipo amatha kukhala othamanga kwambiri, komabe, adathamanga mtunda waufupi.
Puruszavr ndi kholo lalikulu la ng'ona lomwe limakhala zaka 8 miliyoni zapitazo m'chigawo cha Amazon. Chimphona chachikuluchi chamamita 15, cholemera matani 8-14, chinali ndi chigaza champhamvu kwambiri ndi theka ndi mitagwada zamphamvu zomwe zimaloleza kuluma nyama yake, ndikuphwanya mafupa ake.
Pafupifupi zotsalira zake, akatswiri a paleont nthawi zambiri amapeza zotsalira za nyama zina, zomwe zimawonetsa kukhetsa magazi kwa nyama yomwe imadya.
Monga ng'ona zamakono, purussaur, atazunza nyama, adayamba kuzungulira pamphepete mwake, kupotoza nyama ndikupha wolakwayo.
Entelodont - kholo la nguluwe zakutchire, yemwe amakhala ku North America, Asia ndi Europe zaka 37 - 16 miliyoni zapitazo. Ichi ndi nyama yolusa komanso nsagwada zamphamvu ndi mano akulu, mpaka kutalika mamita awiri. Iye anali waukali kwambiri komanso wowopa osati ena okha, komanso abale ake kuchokera kwa womenyedwayo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mabala ambiri omwe amapezeka pamatupi a entelodonts. Pali lingaliro lina kuti anali malonje.
Azhdarchid ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri komanso yachilendo. Ndizotikumbutsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, timapiko. Thupi laling'ono lomwelo, mutu wawung'ono pakhosi lalitali ndi miyendo yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwe chimapatsa Azhdarchid mlomo wamphamvu kwambiri ndi mapiko akuluakulu, omwe kutalika kwake kudafika mita 15.
Asayansi akutsimikiza kuti Azhdarchids sakanakhoza kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali, adangokweranso mumayendedwe akukulira amlengalenga. Izi, zachidziwikire, adathandizidwa ndi thupi laling'ono ndi mafupa opanda kanthu, omwe amachepetsa kulemera kwa mbalame.
Aazhdarchid anali mbalame zamtunda zomwe zimayenda mosatekeseka pansi, wina akhoza kunena, pamiyendo yawo inayi - miyendo iwiri ndi mapiko awiri, omwe adapumira pansi poyenda.
Zikuwoneka kuti mlomo wawukulu wa Azhdarchids ukhoza kukhala ukonde wabwino wophera nsomba, koma kunalibe nsomba pamenyu a mbalamezi, popeza mapazi awo ang'ono sanali oyenera kuyenda m'madzi. Ngakhale akatswiri ena a paleont amakhulupirira kuti atha kugwira nsomba kuchokera m'madzi, kuyimilira pamwamba pa dziwe pamalo otsika. Kodi zili choncho? Zovuta kunena.
Pamtunda, mbalame zopanda pake izi zimadya nyama zazing'ono ndi zovunda.
Xenosmilus ndi kholo la amphaka amtchire amakono, yemwe mosakayikira anali ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso okongola, koma adachita zankhanza kwambiri ndi womzunza wake (ngati mawu oterowo ndioyenera). Mwachitsanzo, amphaka amtchire amakono, mikango, ikamatagwirana ndi nyama kapena ikuyimangirira, ndiye kuti xenosmilus adatola nyama yayikulu kuchokera ku "chakudya chamadzulo", potero imapangitsa kutaya magazi ndi kufa mwachangu.
Megalodon ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zinkakhala zaka zoposa mamiliyoni atatu zapitazo. Kutalika kwake kunafika 20 mita, ndipo kulemera - 60 matani. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti cholengedwa chachikulu chotere chinali ndi mano okongola - wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa shaki onse nthawi zonse - mpaka 19 cm!
Inde, mdani wamkulu chotere, amafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Megalodon amasaka nyama zing'onozing'ono (nsomba, ma dolphin, ndi zina) ndi anamgumi. Njira yosaka inali yosiyana, ngakhale inali yofala pazochitika zonsezi - megalodon sanathamangitse "chakudya", popeza sichinali cholimba ndipo sichinkakhoza kusambira mwachangu. Adakhala ndikuyembekezera.
Ngati nyama ikuyenera kukhala nyama yaying'ono, megalodon mwachangu adalowetsa m'basayo ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kuthyola mafupa ndikuvulaza mtima ndi mapapu, chifukwa chomwe pomwepo nyama idafa posachedwa chifukwa cha kuvulala.
Menyu wa megalodon ukadakhala ndi nyama yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, chinsomba, chilombocho choyambirira chimayesa kuluma zipsepse, zipsepse kapena mchira kuti imalepheretse wolakwayo, kenako amuphe ndikuwudya.
Spinosaurus ndi dinosaur yayikulu ndi kutalika kwa 20 mi ndi masekondi 10. Ndiwotsogolera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zonse.
Makhalidwe ake anali kupezeka kwa kukula kwamamita awiri kumbuyo ndi kupyapyala, komwe mwina kunathandizira kusaka kwa spinosaur kwa nyama zam'madzi - akamba, ng'ona ndi nsomba.
Megalania ndi bulu wamkulu (wamkulu koposa onse) yemwe adakhala zaka zopitilira 40,000 zapitazo ku kontinenti ya Australia. Kutalika kwake kunafika pa 9 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kunachokera ku 500 makilogalamu mpaka matani awiri.
Mawu akuti "Megalania" adapangidwa kuchokera kuphatikizidwa kwa mawu awiri achi Greek: "Teda" - "wamkulu" ndi "lania" - "wander".
Inali nyama yokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, mutu waukulu wokhala ndi khungu pakati pa maso ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, wokhala ndi mano akuthwa.
Megalania anasaka nyama zazikulu ndipo sanakane carrion, ndipo ngati palibe chomwe angapezeke, adatenga nyama kuchokera kwa omwe amadyera anzawo.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, a Aborigine aku Australia amati awona megalania m'nkhalango, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimapezekabe mpaka pano. Koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zopeka.
Meganevre ndi kholo la chinjoka chamakono, chomwe chinatha zaka 300 miliyoni zapitazo, chomwe mapiko ake amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Chinali chinyama chomwe chimadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi amphibians. Mphutsi zake zinali zathanzi.
Dunklesteus ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhala zaka zoposa 350 miliyoni zapitazo. Nsomba zam'madzi khumi, zolemera pafupifupi matani anayi, zinali ndi mutu wamamita ndi thupi lamphamvu, yokutidwa ndi mamba olimba kwambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi. Dunclesteus analibe mano - m'malo mwake, mafupawo anali atatulutsa zibwano. Mphamvu yakuluma mwamphamvu inali yofanana ndi kuluma kwa ng'ona. Koma panali zodabwitsanso zina zosasangalatsa kwa yemwe wakhudzidwayo ku Dunklesteus - chilombo cham'nyanjayi chimatha kutsegula pakamwa pake kenako ndikugawana "chakudya chamasana" chodutsa. Ngati mafupa ena amadzimadzi amakanika kugaya, iye amawafinya.
Titanoboa ndiye njoka yayikulu kwambiri yomwe idakhalako Padziko Lapansi, idagawidwa ku South America zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo. Kutalika kwake kunaposa 13 kulemera - kuposa tona. Menyu ya titanoba inaphatikizanso akamba ndi ng'ona.
Carbonemis ndi chingwe chomwe chinkakhala kudera lamakono ku Colombia zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo. Kutalika kwa chipolopolo chake kunali masentimita 180, ndipo mkamwa mwake - mano owonda kwambiri, omwe, malinga ndi asayansi, adamulola kuti agwe pansi kudya "moyo". Ngakhale zambiri zodalirika za carbonemis ndizosowa kwambiri.
Ngwazi zamphongo zazikulu
Ngwazi zazikulu (za ku Irishi) zazikulu zinaonekera zaka zingapo zapitazo. Pamene nkhalangoyi inayamba kudutsa malo otseguka, ngwazi zamphongo zazikulu zinazimiririka - ndi nyanga zawo zazikulu (zoposa 5 mita), sizinathe kuyenda pakati pa nthambi zowondera.
Chimbalangondo chamaso achimphona
Chimbalangondo chachikulu chaching'ono (chimbalangondo cha bulldog), chowongoka, chinafika pamtunda wa 3.5-4,5 mita ndipo chinali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri. Anali m'modzi mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimadya zomwe zimakhalapo pa dziko lapansi mu ayezi. Amuna anali akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi ndipo amatha kulemera matani 1.5. Zaka 14,000 zapitazo, zimbalangondozo zimafa.
Giant petite
Gigantopithecus ndi anyani akuluakulu kwambiri nthawi zonse. Amakhala zaka 1 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndizovuta kudziwa zovuta zotsalira, koma asayansi akukhulupirira kuti petitas zikuluzikulu zinali zazitali mamita 3-4, kulemera makilogalamu 300-550 ndipo amadya nsungwi makamaka.
Paraceratherium
Paraceratios (indricoteria) adakhala zaka 20-30 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndi pachibale cha ndewu zamakono, koma analibe nyanga. Paraceratheria ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zinakhalako. Adafika pamtunda wamamita asanu ndipo akulemera mpaka matani 20. Ngakhale mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, sanali olusa ndipo anadya masamba ndi nthambi za mitengo.
Quetzalcoatl
Quetzalcoatl adakhala zaka 66-68 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndiye pterosaur wamkulu kwambiri komanso nyama yayikulu kwambiri kuuluka padziko lapansi. Mapiko a quetzalcoatl amawerengera mamita 12 mpaka 15, ndipo idadya zovalazo ndi ma vertebrates ang'onoang'ono.
Nyanja ya buluu
Nyanja ya buluu (nthawi zina imatchedwa blue whale, kapena kusanza) ndiye nyama yamoyo yayikulu kwambiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko lapansi. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mita 33 ndipo kukula kwake ndi matani 150. Amamadya pa plankton ndipo nthawi zina nsomba zazing'ono. Pofika zaka za 60 za zaka za zana la 20, zinsomba za buluu zinali zitatsala pang'ono kutha, panali 5,000 zokha zotsala. Tsopano kulibe zopitirira 10,000 buluu ndipo kukumana nazo ndikosavuta.