Falcon Saker Falcon ndi wakupha wakupha ndipo ndiamodzi mwa oopsa kwambiri, ngati mkango kapena cheetah, koma pakati pa mbalame, mwansanga komanso mwakachetechete kupha nyama yake - mawu awa amatha kufotokozera mbalame yolusa komanso yokongola iyi.
Kodi Saker Falcon imawoneka bwanji ndipo imakhala kuti?
Zowonjezera za Saker Falcons ndizosiyanasiyana, mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi mitundu iwiri - imvi yokhala ndi mithunzi yoyera komanso bulauni yofiyira. Pathupi pali zotchedwa "masharubu" - mizere yakuda ikuyenda m'khosi, nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka mu saker yokhala ndi kuwala, mitundu inanso ikhoza kukhalapo, koma siyidzatchulidwa.
Ili ndi mchira wautali, mphete zachikaso zilipo mozungulira maso a bulauni. Amuna amakhala ochepa thupi ndipo amakhala ndi akazi ochepa - nthawi zambiri amalemera mpaka 1 kg, ndipo wamkazi amalemera mpaka 1.5 kg. Saker Falcon ndiyosavuta kusokoneza ndi gyrfalcon kapena peregrine falcon, mbalamezi ndizofanana kwambiri.
Amafuna kukhazikika m'malo opangira nkhalangoyi, chinthu chomwe chimawasankha kukhala malo okhala nkhalango yapafupi, mtsinje kapena malo ena osungirako zokhala ndi gawo lotseguka, lomwe limakhala malo omwe magwero ake onse amapezeka. Imasaka makilomita 20 kuchokera pachisa (mtunda wokwanira kwa mbalame yolusa).
Kufotokozera kwa kusaka nyama yokongola iyi
Zakudya za woimbayo (falco cherrug) zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makoswe ndi zolengedwa zina zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri khwangwala, nkhunda, mpheta, ngakhale abuluzi amagwera m'manja mwake.
Maonekedwe ake ndi owopsa kwa omwe akhudzidwa ndi tsokalo kuti munthu athe kuwona momwe nkhalangoyi imatsikira pakuwuluka kwa wobowolayo m'gawo lake. Wopezedwa akapezeka, falcon imathamangira kwa iyo mwachangu kwambiri (kuthamanga kwa madzi amatha kulowa 250 km / h). Kugwa kumachitika mbali zina zakumanja, koma kuvutikaku kumagwera mbali ya wolakwiridwayo ndipo ngati kuli kwamphamvu kwambiri, wogwidwayo amafa pomwepo, nthawi zina amataya gawo lina la thupi.
Chofunikira ndikuti ndi kukwezedwa kopitilira muyeso, wobowoletsa, akumenya, osachedwa, koma amangomutenga pafupi ndi omwe akumenyedwayo, zomwe zitha kukhala zodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa ziyenera kudzipweteka zokha zikamenyedwa. Ngati mbalameyo ndi yomwe yamenyedwayo, ndiye kuti imadikirira nthawi yomwe igwere pansi.
Chigoba chake cholimba, komanso mafinya otanuka, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwombelere mwamphamvu kwambiri popanda kuwopa thanzi lanu, amathandizira kupewa kuvulala ndi kukhumudwa.
Ngati wozunzidwayo sanaphulepo chifukwa chomenyedwa koyamba, ndiye kuti amayambiranso, kutsiriza nyama yokhayo, pambuyo pake atha kudya pang'onopang'ono kapena kuwononga nayo chiweto.
Kubala ndi kupanga nesting ya Saker Falcons
Ngakhale mawonekedwe a mbalame modabwitsa, wolumayo pakadali pano ndi mbalame zosowa kwambiri ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Mbalamezi zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka chimodzi - ndiye kuti nyama yolusa imayamba kumva kuti ikalamba komanso yolimba kuti ipitirize mtundu wawo ndikuyamba kusamalira ana, kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, masewera akukhwima akuyamba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti samamanga zisa zawo, ngakhale pamasewera akukhwima amayeseza kuti akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga. Saker Falcons imagwira zisa za mbalame zina, kukhala komweko kwa zaka zingapo limodzi. Milandu imakhalanso yotheka pamene Saker Falcons ilibe ngakhale imodzi, koma zisa zingapo pafupi.
Kutengera ndi malo okhala, Saker Falcons amatha kusankha zisa zomwe sizokhala pamitengo yokha, komanso miyala - pali milandu pomwe Saker Falcons imagwira zisa za chiwombankhanga, zomwe zimawonetsa mphamvu zawo. Akapeza chisa chomwe akufuna, komanso atamaliza kukhwima, chachikazi chimayikira mazira 1 mpaka 5, omwe amakhala ndi chikasu chofiirira.
Kuteteza ndi kuyikira mazira sikuchitika kokha mwa mkazi, komanso ndi wamwamuna, kugawana maudindo pakati pawo. Pambuyo makulitsidwe nthawi, yomwe imakhala m'chigawo cha mwezi umodzi, anapiye. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, anapiyewa amakhala ngati okalamba ndipo amatha kupanga ndege zazifupi.
Ndikufuna ndikulakalaka kuti anthu azichita bwino osati kungosunga, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, zomwe zimayenereradi kukhala ndi mbiri ngati imodzi mwazonama zoopsa zakumwamba.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Mtunduwu pakadalipo umakhala wokhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa kwa mizere yosakwanira, yomwe imapangitsa kuti kusanthula kwa deta kuzinthu za DNA zikwaniritsidwe. Sitingakhale ndi chiyembekezo chakuti kafukufuku wamankhwala okhala ndi zitsanzo zochepa adzawonetsa zomwe zili zabwino pagulu lonse. Ma radiation a mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamoyo ya makolo a Saker Falcon, yomwe idachitika mchigawo choyambirira kumayambiriro kwa Late Pleistocene, ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kanema: Wofiyira
Saker Falcon ndi gawo loyenda lomwe lafalikira kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Asia kudera lakum'mawa kwa Mediterranean. Ali mu ukapolo, falcon yaku Mediterranean ndi Saker Falcon zimatha kubala, kuphatikiza kuyanjana ndi gyrfalcon ndizotheka. Dzina lodziwika bwino la saker limachokera ku Chiarabu ndipo limatanthawuza "falcon".
Chochititsa chidwi: Saker Falcon ndi mbalame ya ku Hungary yopeka komanso mbalame ya ku Hungary. Mu 2012, woimbayo adasankhidwanso mbalame ya m'dziko la Mongolia.
Zoyala za Saker pamphepete chakumpoto chakumapeto kwa mapiri a Altai ndizochulukirapo, zimakhala zakuda kwambiri komanso zowonekera m'malo otsika kuposa anthu ena. Amadziwika kuti Altai falcon, m'mbuyomu amadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wa "Falco altaicus" kapena ngati wosakanizidwa pakati pa wozungulira ndi gyrfalcon, koma kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa kuti amati ndi mtundu wamatsenga.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cheglok
- Falco subbuteo subbuteo ndi munthu wapadera wamtunduwu. Amakonda kukhala ku West Africa, ku Europe ndi Asia, kupatula mbali yakumwera chakum'mawa. Izi subspecies ndi mbalame yosamukira. Kwa nthawi yozizira, amachoka kunyumba kwake ndikupita ku Africa ndi Asia.
- Falco subbuteo streichi ndi woimira wamkulu wa falconry order. Amakhala kum'mwera kwa Asia, umakhala gawo la China kupita ku Myanmar ndi Indochina. M'nyengo yozizira, samawulukira kulikonse.
Malonda ofananira ndi cheglock:
- African cheglok Falco cuvierii - pafupifupi buku lenileni la cheglok. Amakhala ku Africa.
- Cheglok Falco longipennis wa ku Australia ndi wofanana ndi masiku onse, koma osati wowonjezera. Wamkazi samayikira mazira atatu kupitilira. Australia, East Indonesia ndi New Guinea ndiwo malo amtunduwu.
- Cheglok Eleonora Falco eleonorae - yokulirapo kuposa masiku. Adatchulidwa dzina la mayi wachikale wa ku Sardinia, yemwe adapereka lamulo la kuteteza mbalamezi kwa anthu. Amakhala ku Greece, Croatia, Sicily, Malta komanso kugombe la Africa.
- Siliva filigree Falco concolor - ili ndi chilengedwe pamtundu wowala wofanana ndi siliva. Chimadzaza Africa.
- Cheglok Falco severus wam'mawa - amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi African cheglok. Amakhala kudera la savannah kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, nkhalango zotentha za ku Asia ndipo pafupifupi gawo lonse lobiriwira la Australia.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi wojambula amawoneka bwanji?
Saker Falcon ndizochepera pang'ono kuposa gyrfalcon. Mbalame izi zimawonetsa kusiyana mautundu ndi mawonekedwe, kuchokera pa chokoleti cha chokoleti choyenera kupita ku kirimu kapena msipu wa maudzu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mafunde. Ma balabu ali ndi mawanga oyera kapena otumbululuka pazinthu zamkati za nthenga za mchira. Popeza mtundu pansi pa mapiko nthawi zambiri umakhala wolocha, umawoneka wowoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi malekezero amdima akuda ndi nsonga za nthenga.
Akazi a Saker ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi abambo ndipo nthawi zambiri amalemera kuyambira 970 mpaka 1300 g, ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 55, mapiko ali ndi masentimita 120 mpaka 130. Amuna ndi ocheperako komanso amalemera kuyambira 780 mpaka 1090 g, pafupifupi, kutalika kwa masentimita 45, mapiko Masentimita 100 mpaka 110. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi “tinyanga” tating'ono ta mikwingwirima yakuda m'mbali mwa mutu. Pambuyo pa kusungunuka mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mapiko, kumbuyo, ndi chovala cha mbalame chimakhala tint imvi. Mawotchi abuluu amasanduka achikasu.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa woyeretsa zimasiyana kwambiri pamitundu yonse yogawa. Anthu ku Europe amakhalabe m'malo abwino odyetserako ziweto m'malo mwake, apo ayi amasamukira kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean kapena kum'mwera ku East Africa.
Mapiko a khonde ndi lalitali, lalitali komanso lowongoka, lalitali lakuda pamwamba, lopindika komanso lopota. Pamwamba pa mchira ndi bulawuni wowala. Gawo lodziwika ndi mutu wopepuka wa zonona. Ku Central Europe, mtunduwu umadziwika mosavuta ndi malo omwe ali ndi zamizeremizere, m'malo omwe amadziwika kuti Mediterranean falcon (F. biarmicus feldeggi), pali mwayi wosokoneza.
Kodi wojambulayo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Saker Falcon ku Russia
Ma Balabans (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Saker Falcons") amapezeka m'malo opanda chipululu komanso nkhalango kuyambira Kum'mawa kwa Europe kupita ku Central Asia, komwe amakhala "chipululu chazipululu". Balaban amasamukira kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa Asia ndi madera ena a Africa nyengo yachisanu. Posachedwa, kuyesayesa kwachitika pofuna kufalitsa ma balabans kumadzulo kupita ku Germany. Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri kudera lonse la Palaearctic kuyambira Eastern Europe kupita kumadzulo kwa China.
Amabala:
Oimira nyamazo nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira kapena kuuluka kwa:
Pocheperako, anthu osochera amafika m'maiko ena ambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi pano chikuphunzirabe. Saker Falcons chimadzala pamitengo pamtunda wamamita 15 mpaka 20 kumtunda, m'mapaki ndi m'nkhalango momasuka m'mphepete mwa mzere wa mitengo. Palibe amene anaonapo gulu lanyumba likumanga chisa chake. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zisautso za mbalame zamtundu wina, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala m'magulu akomweko ndipo amakhala. Amadziwika kuti m'malo osafikika audindo wawo, akudya amagwiritsa ntchito zisa pamiyala.
Kufalikira kwa mbalame
Khonde la balaban limaphatikizapo zigawo zapakati pa Asia. Mitundu ya mbalame imapezeka ku Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Altai, kum'mwera kwa Krasnoyarsk Territory, m'chigawo cha Irkutsk, Buryatia, ndi Transbaikalia. Balaban imapezekanso m'maiko ngati Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China.
M'nyengo yozizira, anthu okhala kumpoto kwa bulu amapita ku Ethiopia, Peninsula ya Arabia, komanso kumadzulo kwa China. Mbalame zakum'mwera zimakhala kukhala pansi.
M'madera onse okhala, kuchuluka kwa balaban ndi kotsika.
Kodi khola imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chojambulira chikuuluka
Monga falcons zina, balabans ali ndi mikondo yoluka, makamaka yogwira nyama. Amagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wawo wamphamvu, wododometsa kudula msana wa womenyedwayo. Nthawi yakubzala, nyama zazing'ono monga agologolo pansi, ma hamsters, jerboas, gerbils, hares ndi pikas zimatha kupanga 60 mpaka 90% ya zakudya za saker.
Nthawi zina, mbalame zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi, monga zinziri, hazel grouse, pheasants, ndi mbalame zina zam'mlengalenga, monga abakha, herons, ngakhale mbalame zina zodya nyama (kadzidzi, ma kestrel, ndi zina), zimatha kukhala 30 mpaka 50% ya nyama zonse. m'malo ambiri okhala ndi nkhalango. Saker Falcons amathanso kudya abuluzi akuluakulu.
Zakudya zazikulu za balaban ndi:
Saker imasinthidwa mwakutchire kusaka pafupi ndi nthaka m'malo otseguka, kuphatikiza kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo, motero, imakhala ndi makoswe apakatikati. Amayang'anitsitsa malo owuma a udzu, monga zipululu, mapiri, mapiri, malo olima komanso mapiri.
M'madera ena, makamaka pafupi ndi madzi komanso kumadera akumatauni, gologolo amasintha kukhala mbalame ngati nyama. Ndipo kumadera ena ku Europe, amadya nkhunda ndi makoswe wamba. Mbalameyi imalondola nyama yake pamalo otseguka, ikuyang'ana nyama yochokera kumiyala ndi mitengo. Khonde limatsogolera chiwombankhanga mozungulira, ndipo siligwera mlengalenga, ngati abale ake ena.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa wowaza. Tiwone momwe falcon amakhalira kuthengo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Falcon Saker Falcon - mbalame yolusa. Amadyetsa timiyendo tating'ono (mwachitsanzo, ma gopher), komanso mahatchi, nkhunda, mapiri, abakha, abuluzi akuluakulu. "Zakudya" zonse zomwe zingatheke zimawopa kwambiri owononga. Wovutitsidwayo akaona phokoso lakumwamba, amayang'ana pansi osasiya kabowo. Nthawi yomweyo, a Saker Falcons samasaka pafupi ndi zisa zawo, ndipo zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito ichi.
Saker falcon imayang'ana nyama, ngati lamulo, pafupi ndi madzi, pafupi ndi miyala kapena mitengo, ndiye kuti, m'dera lomwe likuwoneka bwino. Nsembe imawulukira wovutikayo kuthamanga kwambiri, nthawi zina imatha kufikira makilomita mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu pa ola limodzi. Pambuyo pofikira nyama, mbalameyo sinachedwe. Pankhaniyi, wopanga samalandira kuvulala, chifukwa chonse ndi chigaza cholimba ndi mafupa.
Mbalame imapha wovutayo ndi liwiro la mphezi ndipo mwakachetechete kwambiri: ikugwa mbali yakumanja, imenya mwamphamvu m'mbali mwake. Monga lamulo, imfa imachitika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zikapanda kuchitika, wodetsayo amaphulitsanso, kenako kupha wozunzayo. Mbalameyo imatenga chakudya nthawi yomweyo m'malo mwake kapena chimanyamula kupita ku chisa.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Saker Falcon
Balaban imapezeka m'malo otetezedwa okhala ndi nkhalango, zipululu, malo otseguka komanso malo ena ouma okhala ndi mitengo yobalalapo, miyala kapena ma pyloni amagetsi, makamaka pafupi ndi madzi. Itha kuwoneka kuti ili pathanthwe kapena mtengo wamtali, komwe mutha kuyang'ana malo osakanikirana kuti mupange.
Balaban ndiwosamukira kwina. Mbalame zochokera kumpoto kwa malo osungirako zimasamukira kwambiri, koma mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera kwambiri zimangokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Mbalame nthawi yozizira m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yofiira ku Saudi Arabia, Sudan ndi Kenya zimaswana makamaka kumadzulo kwa mapiri akulu a Central Asia. Zoyipa zosunthira zimasuntha makamaka kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala mpaka Novembala, ndipo kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zinthu zosamukasamuka kumachitika kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Epulo, anthu otsiriza otsiriza kufika kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Kusaka ndi wobaya ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wamabodza, omwe samaperewera pakulakalaka kosaka ndi hawk. Mbalame zimakonda kwambiri mwiniwake, motero zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi asaki.
Saker Falcons si mbalame zamtendere. Amakonda kusakhazikitsa zisa zawo pafupi ndi mitundu ina yoswana. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo, Saker Falcons amakakamizidwa kuti aziswana pafupipafupi, koposa kale. M'malo okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka, ma sakela nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pafupi. Mtunda wapakati pa awiriawiri umachokera pa awiriawiri kupita anayiawiri kwa 0,5 km² kupita awiriawiri omwe ali pamtunda wa 10 km kapena kupitilira m'mapiri ndi mapiri. Nthawi yocheperako imakhala gawo limodzi pamtunda uliwonse wa 4-5,5 km.
Kutha kwa nyama
Kwa zaka zapitazo, munthu akhala ali "mfumu" yadziko lonse lapansi:
- Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kumasungidwa,
- Munthu yekha ndiamene angathe kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pa chilengedwe,
- Anthu adathamangitsira nyama zambiri, palibe mdani wina aliyense amene angafanane ndi ife pachizindikirochi.
- Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, msonkho womwe umakhudzidwa umayamba kukula mofulumira.
Inde, zoona, meteorite imodzi kapena kuphulika kwa mapiri angapo kunadzetsa mavuto ambiri kotero kuti anthu onse "amasuta mosatekeseka." Anthu sangafanane ndi masoka achilengedwe ngati sizokhudza nyukiliya.
- M'mayiko onse otukuka, pali zoletsa zina pa ntchito za osaka,
- Pali Bukhu Lofiyira ndi mindandanda ina momwe mitundu yomwe ilipo kale komanso itatha kale yalembedwa,
- Ma Zapovednik amapangidwa ndipo mapulogalamu amabwera kuti azisamalira kuchuluka kwa nyama iliyonse,
- Othandizira omwe alibe chiyembekezo chokhudza tsogolo la zamoyo zonse akulimbana bwino ndi zosemphana ndi anthu komanso mabungwe onse.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Falcon Saker Falcon
Kukopa chachikazi, amuna amatenga nawo mbali pazowoneka mlengalenga, ngati nthumwi zina zambiri za banja la falcon. Male Saker Falcons amayenda kudera lawo, akumakuwa kwambiri. Amaliza ndege zawo zowonetsera pofika pafupi ndi malo abwino okhala. Pokumana kwambiri ndi wokondedwa wanu kapena amene mukufuna kukhala naye pachiwonetsero, olambira amagwada.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amadyetsa akazi nthawi yakuswa. Pomwe mukuchita chibwenzi ndi mnzake, yamphongo imawuluka mozungulira ndi chovala chamawoko, kapena imabweretsa kwa mkaziyo pofuna kuwonetsa kuti ndiwopatsa chakudya chabwino. Mu ana mumakhala mazira awiri mpaka 6, koma nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwake kumachokera pa 3 mpaka 5. Pambuyo pakuyika dzira lachitatu, makulidwe amayamba, omwe amakhala masiku 32 mpaka 36. Mwambiri, monga ndi falcons ambiri, ana aamuna amakula msanga kuposa atsikana.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Tiyeti tating'ono timakutidwa ndi fluff ndipo timabadwa ndi maso otsekeka, koma timatsegulidwa patatha masiku angapo. Amakhala ndi molts awiri asanafikire kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu. Izi zimachitika akakhala ndi chaka chopitilira.
Zachikazi zimafika paunyamata pafupifupi chaka amuna asanakwane. Mikwingwirima imayamba kuwuluka pakati pa zaka 45 ndi masiku 50, koma imangokhala m'gawo lodyerako masiku ena 30 mpaka 45, ndipo nthawi zina motalika. Ngati pali chakudya chachikulu chakomweko, mbewuyo imatha kukhalira limodzi kwakanthawi.
Pokhala chisa, amphaka amalira kukopa chidwi cha makolo ngati ali okha, ozizira, kapena anjala. Kuphatikiza apo, zazikazi zimapanga phokoso laphokoso “laphokoso” kulimbikitsa ana awo kuti atsegule milomo kuti apeze chakudya. Ana ake akamadya bwino, anapiyewa amakhala bwino kuposa ana omwe amakhala wopanda chakudya. Pamagulu okhutiritsa, anapiye amagawana chakudya, komanso amafunitsitsana akayamba kuuluka. M'malo mwake, pakakhala chakudya chochepa, anapiye amateteza chakudya chawo kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo mwina amathanso kuba makolo awo.
Adani achilengedwe a khonde
Chithunzi: Saker Falcon m'nyengo yozizira
Saker Falcons sakhala ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera kuthengo kupatula anthu okha. Mbalamezi zimakhala zaukali kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe amathandizidwira kwambiri ndi onyenganyawa ndikuti, posankha munthu wogwiriridwa, amalimbikira. Balaban amatsatira kulanda kwawo mosasunthika ngakhale khwangwala.
M'mbuyomu, adagwiritsa ntchito masewera achiwonetsero chachikulu ngati mphoyo. Mbalameyi inkathamangitsa wofayo mpaka kupha nyamayo. Saker Falcons ndi osaka opirira, osaletseka. Amangoyenda mumlengalenga kapena kukhala pansi kwa chitseko, akuyang'anitsitsa nyama komanso kukonza malo omwe akufuna. Akazi nthawi zambiri amalamulira amuna. Nthawi zina amayesetsa kuba anzawo.
Mtunduwu uli ndi mavuto awa:
- kugwedezeka kwamagetsi pamagetsi amagetsi,
- kuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa ntchito chifukwa cha kuchepa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapiri ndi malo owuma chifukwa chakukula kwa ulimi, kukhazikitsa malo,
- kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kuweta ng'ombe, komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mbalame zazing'ono
- gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa, omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa anthu akumaloko,
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pachaka, kuchuluka kwa Saker Falcons wogwidwa kumakhala pafupifupi 6 625 8 400 mbalame. Mwa awa, ambiri (77%) ndi akazi achichepere, otsatiridwa ndi 19% mwa akazi achikulire, 3% ya amuna achichepere ndi 1% ya amuna achikulire, omwe mwanjira yomwe imapangitsa kudana kwambiri.
Chiwerengero
Zaka 40 zapitazo, Saker Falcon inakhala malo owoneka bwino achipululu, mapiri ndi mapiri osunthika kuchokera ku Austria ndi Bulgaria kupita ku Far East. M'matanthwe ndi mapiri a ku Europe omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi munthu, adapulumuka modabwitsa "kutukuka kwamdziko lapansi" ndi nthawi ya DDT. Koma wojambulawo adawonongedwa ndi umbombo wa anthu.
Mu 70s. kupanga mafuta kwayamba kumayiko a Persian Gulf ndipo ma sheikh omwe anali olemera pamaso pawo kwenikweni adatsitsimutsanso chipembedzo chabodza choti sichinabadwe. Saker, monga nthawi yakuwukira kwa a Huns komanso munthawi ya ulamuliro wa ufumu wa Genghis Khan, adasandulika chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi chuma, komanso nthawi yomweyo zosangalatsa za zikuluzikulu zamafuta akum'mawa. Anayamba kugwira Sokolov zikwizikwi ndipo nyamazo zinayamba kuyandikira pang'onopang'ono molondola ndi mzere woopsa, ndikutsatiridwa.
Kale mu 70s. Saker Falcons adasowa mu mapiri a Western Kazakhstan, m'ma 80s. - m'nkhalango zopondera m'chigawo cha Volga, komanso pofika m'ma 90s. - komanso mu gawo lonse la steppe ndi nkhalango zokhazikitsidwa ndi gawo la ku Europe la Russia. Mtundu wamba womwe, womwe anthu ake amawerengera pafupifupi masauzande a awiriawiri, wasowa kwambiri, omwe pakali pano siopitilira 15,000 awiriawiri. Ku Russia, osapitilira 2000 a chisa, adakhazikika makamaka kumwera kwa Siberia.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi wojambula amawoneka bwanji?
Kuwunika kwa zomwe zikupezeka kunapangitsa kuti padziko lonse lapansi pakhale anthu pafupifupi 17,400 - 28,800, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri ku China (3,000-7,000awiri), Kazakhstan (awiriawiri a808-5,628), Mongolia (2792-6980 awiriawiri) ndi Russia (5700- 7300 awiriawiri). Chiwerengero chochepa cha ku Europe chikuyerekezedwa ndi awiriawiri a 350-500, omwe ndi ofanana ndi 710-990 okhwima. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Europe ndipo mwina ku Mongolia chikuchulukirachulukira, koma kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu akuyerekeza kukhala kopanda pake.
Ngati tilingalira kuti m'badwowo watenga zaka 6.4, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kwayamba kale kutsika (osachepera m'malo ena) mpaka zaka za 1990, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'zaka 19 zapitazi za 1993-2012 zikufanana ndi kuchepa kwa 47% (malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwapafupipafupi) ndi kuchepera kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa 2-75% pachaka. Popeza kusatsimikizika kwakukulu pamalingaliro ochulukirapo omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, malingana ndi deta yoyambirira, mtunduwu umachepetsedwa ndi osachepera 50% pamibadwo itatu.
Chosangalatsa: Saker Falconers amakonda Balobanov chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, zomwe zimabweretsa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. M'malo mwake, pafupifupi 90% ya zabodza pafupifupi 2000 zomwe zimakodwa chaka chilichonse nthawi yosamukasamuka ndi akazi.
Ziwerengerozi ndi zodabwitsazi, chifukwa ma zabodza ena omwe amagwidwa mobera amawagulitsa ndikupititsa kunja, motero sizingatheke kudziwa chiwerengero chenicheni cha oyimba m'matchire chaka chilichonse. Nkhupakupa ndizosavuta kuphunzitsira, choncho misampha yambiri yoyipa imakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, abodza ambiri amamasula ziweto zawo, chifukwa m'miyezi yotentha yotentha ndizovuta kuzisamalira, ndipo mbalame zambiri zophunzitsidwa zimathawa.