Dzina lachilendo komanso lochititsa chidwi la mbalameyi limadzutsa mafunso. Kodi nchifukwa chiyani chiwombankhanga chimatchedwa chosadya nyani? Kodi amadya nyani? Tiyeni tiwone!
Chiwombankhanga chimakhala m'nkhalango za Philippines Islands zokha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yayikulu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Ili pafupifupi kukula kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide, kulemera kwa chiwombankhanga kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 8, ndipo mapiko ake amatha kufikira mamita awiri.
Maonekedwe a mbalameyi ndiwowoneka bwino komanso osakumbukika - mlomo wamtali, wopindika komanso wopindika, ma thunzi achikasu achikasu, maula ndi amtundu wakuda pamtunda komanso zonona, ndipo wokongoletsa amakongoletsa mutu wa chiwombankhanga, nkusintha kukhala nthenga zowoneka bwino za nthenga.
Ngakhale zinali zazikulu, chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chinayamba kuwonekera ndikufotokozedwa mu 1896. Tithokoze izi ndi wasayansi J. Whitehead, yemwe panthawiyo anali ku Philippines ndipo adachita chidwi ndi mbalame yayikuluyi.
Zambiri sizinali zodziwika za iye, motero adatcha "nyani nyani" chifukwa chakuti malinga ndi nzika zakomweko, amadya zakudya zamalonda wamba. Ndipo adayamba kutcha ziwombankhanga za chiwombankhanga chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akunja a zolengedwa izi.
Monga momwe zidakhalira, anyani sakhala ndi chakudya chokhacho komanso zopanda chakudya cha chiwombankhanga chachikuluchi. Komwe nthawi zambiri amapeza ndi kudya agologolo, mileme, agologolo, njoka ndi zina zokwawa, komanso mbalame zazing'ono.
Koma anali ndendende mayina owopsa, mwatsoka, zomwe zidachititsa kuti mbalamezi ziwonongedwe kwambiri. Boma la Philippines, kumene, layamba kuchitapo kanthu. Chiwombankhanga tsopano chagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizindikiro cha dzikolo, nzoletsedwa kutulutsa mbalame zamoyo kapena zinthu zilizonse kwa iwo kunja kwa Philippines, ndipo dzina la mtunduwo lidasinthidwa kukhala "chiwombankhanga cha Philippines."
Izi zidabweretsa zotsatira. Pakadali pano pali anthu pafupifupi 400 amtunduwu, koma kuchuluka kwawo kukukula pang'onopang'ono. Zowona, ndizovuta kwambiri kuziwerenga molondola, chifukwa cha kubisa kwa mbalame.
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines ndi mbalame yokhulupirika kwambiri, zimapanga maukwati amoyo. Masewera awo okondweretsa amasangalatsa wopenyerera - wamphongo amapanga ma pirouette odabwitsa mlengalenga patsogolo pa iye wosankhidwa.
Pali dzira limodzi lokha pamagetsi a chiwombankhanga, pomwe pali thukuta limodzi. Ndipo, ngakhale atatha miyezi 10 mbalameyo ikuwuluka kale ndikusaka bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhalabe ndi makolo awo kwakanthawi.
Mkhalidwe wamlengalenga ndi nkhalango ndiyofunikanso kwambiri pakupulumuka kwa mitundu yodabwitsayi. Kupatula apo, ngakhale kuti mbewa imodzi iziyenda bwino, ziwombankhanga zimafunikira 25 masikweya mita. km wa nkhalango. Chifukwa chake, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kudula mitengo kwa mitengo ku Philippines.
Zachidziwikire, onse aboma komanso akatswiri azachilengedwe achitapo kanthu kuti ateteze chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines ndi mitundu ina kuti isawonongeke. Koma munthu amafunika kuyambiranso ntchito zake kuti asataye mwayi wowona mbalame yayikuluyi padzikoli.
Mutithandiza kwambiri, ngati mumagawana nkhani pagawo lapaintaneti komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.
Tumizani ku njira yathu.
Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chiwombankhanga cha Philippines
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines ndi mbalame yayikuluyikulu yolemera masentimita 86 mpaka 102 mulifupi ndi mlomo wawukulu komanso nthenga zazitali kumbuyo kwa mutu, zomwe zimawoneka ngati shaggy crest.
Philippine Mphungu (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
Zowonjezera zamaso ndiz zakuda, zonunkhira kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi korona wokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono. Thupi lakumtunda limakhala lofiirira wakuda ndi utoto wopepuka wa nthenga. Pansi ndi pansi pa mzere ndi zoyera. Iris ndi imvi. Mlomo wokwera komanso wodukidwa, waimvi. Miyendo yake ndi yachikaso yokhala ndi zopindika zakuda.
Amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana maonekedwe.
Minkhusu ndi yokutidwa ndi yoyera pansi. Ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zazikazi zaku Philippines ndizofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zachikulire, koma nthenga zomwe zili pamwamba pake zimakhala ndi malire oyera. Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chowuluka chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawere oyera, mchira wautali ndi mapiko ozungulira.
Kufalikira kwa Mphungu wa Philippines
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chikuchitika ku Philippines. Mtunduwu umafikira ku East Luzon, Samara, Leyte ndi Mindanao. Mindanao imakhala ndi unyinji wa mbalame, kuchuluka kwake kukuyerekeza ndi magulu awiriawiri mpaka 23 mpaka 233. Mabanja asanu ndi limodzi amakhala ku Samara ndipo mwina awiri ku Leyte, komanso awiri pa Luzon.
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chowuluka chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawere oyera, mchira wautali ndi mapiko ozungulira.
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Chiwombankhanga cha Philippine (lat.Pithecophaga jefferyi) ndi wa gulu la Hawks wa banja (Accipitridae) kuchokera ku dongosolo Falconiformes. Mbalame yachilendoyi imadziwika kuti ndi chiwombankhanga chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ku Philippines, pa Julayi 4, 1995, adalengezedwa ngati chizindikiro padziko lonse. Chithunzi chake chili pamasitampu 12 a ku Philippines ndi ndalama zoperekedwa pakati pa 1981 ndi 1994. Kupha mbalame yotere kumayang'anizana ndi chindapusa chachikulu kapena kumangidwa kwa zaka 12.
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chinapezeka koyamba ndi katswiri wazomera zanyumba waku England John Whitehead mu 1896. Adazitcha dzina la bambo ake a Jeffery Pithecophaga jefferyi. Liwu loyamba mu dzina Lachilatini mu Chirasha limatanthawuza "nyani-wakudya".
Kufalitsa
Kukhazikika kwa omwe amadya nyani ndi mpaka kuzilumba zazikulu zinayi: Samar, Luzon, Mindanao ndi Leyte. Zimapezeka pamalo ena okwana ma kilomita 140,000. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, anthu onse akuyerekeza mbalame 200-600.
Ambiri okhala chisa ku Mindanao. Pokhala chisa, amasankha madera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda komanso mitengo yayitali, makamaka kuchokera ku banja la Dipterocarpaceae, mpaka kutalika kwa 40-70 m.Akhalanso kuti azikhalanso m'nkhalango zowerengeka pamalo okwera mpaka 1800 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Malo osakira a banja limodzi amafikira pafupifupi lalikulu lalikulu mita 133. km Mtunda pakati pa zisa kuyambira 9 mpaka 18 km. Nthawi zambiri, theka la malo osaka ndi nkhalango, ndipo theka lachiwiri ndi malo otseguka. Chisa chimakonda kukhala m'malire a nkhalangoyi.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Poyamba, chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chidadziwika kuti chinali chodyedwa ndi nyani, popeza nyama yoyamba kusaka inali ndi masamba osapweteka m'mimba mwake. M'malo mwake, kudya kwa mbalame kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo kumakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama, zokwawa komanso mitundu ina ya mbalame. Chakudya chomwe chimapezeka m'chisa cha chiwombankhanga chimayambira kamphaka kakang'ono ka gramu khumi mpaka gombe laku Philippines lolemera 14 kg.
Mtundu wa nyama zomwe umadya zimasiyanasiyana pachilumba ndi chilumba ndipo zimatengera nyama zomwe zikukhala. Ku Mindanao, mbalame yodya nyama imadyera makamaka pama agologolo am'matchi ndi mandimu ouluka, ndipo pa Luzon, anyani, nkhandwe zowuluka, makoswe, abuluzi ndi njoka. Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chinkawonekanso chikusaka ana agalu ndi agalu ang'ono.
Odyera anyani amakonda kusaka awiriawiri. M'modzi mwa iwo amakhala mosadukiza panthambi yomwe ili pafupi ndi omwe angachitiridwenso nkhanza, ndikuyang'ana kuti adziyang'anire. Pakadali pano, mlenje wina amatsika kunthambi zapamwamba ndikuukira wozunzidwayo.
Ngati kuukira sikulephera, kuyesako kumabwerezedwanso. Ziwombankhanga zochokera ku Mindanao zimagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kugwira ma lemurs ouluka usiku.
Nthawi zambiri, ana a mphutsi amawukira gulu la anyani. Ma macaque ndi chiwombankhanga chimalemera pafupifupi chimodzimodzi, kotero kuti kusaka koteroko kumatha kukhala koopsa. Mlenje atha kukhala ndi miyendo ngati adagwa kuchokera kumtunda waukulu mpaka pansi limodzi ndi nyama nthawi ya nkhondoyi.
Kuswana
Akazi amakhala okhwima akafika zaka 5. Amuna amakhala atatha zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Chiwombankhanga chimapanga maukwati amoyo, ndipo pokhapokha wina atamwalira mnzakeyo amapeza mnzake.
Nyengo yoswana imayamba mu Julayi. Kuyambira kwake kumakhudzidwa ndi nyengo komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ubwenzi ndi chizindikiro chomanga chisa. Dongosolo lake limafikira 1.5 m.
Chidacho chili pamtengo pamtunda wa mamita pafupifupi 30. Monga mbalame zina zazikulu zodya nyama, omwe amadya nyani amakamangira momwe amawapangira nsanja yayikulu yopangidwa ndi nthambi zazing'onoting'ono. Mabanja amatha kugwiritsanso ntchito chisa chomwe kale chomanga kuti chikule ana awo.
Masiku 10 asanaike dzira, mkaziyo amagwera mumkhalidwe wapadera. Amasiya kudya ndi kumwa madzi ambiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, madzulidwe, dzira limodzi limatuluka mu chisa. Ngati chiwombankhanga chimafa molawirira, ndiye chachikazi chimayikira dzira lina. Njira ya makulitsidwe imatha mpaka masiku 68.
Makolo onse awiriwa amabereka mwana, ngakhale wamkazi amatenga nthawi yambiri kuchita izi. Kwa milungu 7 akhala akudyetsa chiwombankhanga ndikuchitchinjiriza ku mvula ndi dzuwa.
Ana a chiwombankhanga ang'onoang'ono amachoka chisa ali ndi zaka 4-5, ndipo pakusaka kwawo koyamba amapita tsiku la 304 atabadwa. Moyang'aniridwa ndi makolo, anapiyewo ndi miyezi 20.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa chiwombankhanga ku Philippines kumafika masentimita 100 ndi mapiko otalika mpaka masentimita 220. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 8 kg. Kulemera kwa amuna sikupitirira 6 kg.
Mchira wautali ndi mapiko amfupi amathandizira mbalame kuuluka mosavuta m'makona a mitengo. Mlomo wa mbalame ndiwotalikirapo komanso wokwera. Mutu wake ndi wopepuka, kumbuyo kwa mutu kumakhala kachiyambidwe ka nthenga zazitali. Mimba ndi yopepuka, ndipo kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi ofiira.
Thumba lakhazikitsidwa ku Davao, Philippines kuti ateteze chiwombankhanga ndi malo awo okhala. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, adakwanitsa kupha mbalame zaukapolo ndipo adayambitsa kale kutulutsa anthu ake kuthengo. Mbalame 36 zimakhala mchikwama, 19 mwa izo zidaleredwa muukapolo.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 86-102. Kutalika kwamphongo kwa amuna ndi 95 masentimita, kwa akazi, motero masentimita 105. Kugonana kwamphamvu ndi 10% kocheperako kuposa kufooka. Kulemera kwa mbalame kumasiyana kuchokera ku 4.7 mpaka 7 kg. Achinyamata pafupifupi makilogalamu 4.5 kwa amuna ndi 6 kg kwa akazi. Wingspan ndi masentimita 185-220. Mlomo utali wautali masentimita 7. Mchira wake ndi wautali. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 42-45. Vocalization ndi whist high whist. The Philippine harpy imasinthidwa bwino kuti iwuluke m'nkhalango, ndiye kuti, imatha kuyenda mosavuta.
Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli nthenga zazitali zofiirira zomwe zimapangira kukokana kwa shaggy. Imafanana ndi mkango wamkango ndipo imapangitsa mbalameyo kuti izioneka ngati kamwana kakang'ono. Zowoneka bwino pamapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi zofiirira zakuda, ndipo thupi lakumbuyo limakutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera. Mikwingwirima yakudutsa imawonedwa pa mchira. Miyendo yake ndi yachikasu yokhala ndi zopindika zakuda. Mlomo uli ndi mtundu waimvi. Maso ndi amaso amtambo.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Mbalame zoterezi zimadyera kwambiri nkhalango za Philippines. Zisa za awiriwo zimapangidwa motalikirana pafupifupi 13 km kuchokera ku mzake. Ndipo madera ozungulira amayandikira mita 133. km Kuuluka kwawo kumathamanga, kuthamanga, kufanana ndi kuthawa kwa kabawi ang'ono. Chakudya cha chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chimadalira kwambiri malo. Mafuta ndi omwe amasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa 10 g mpaka 14 kg. Mwakutero, ngwazi zaku Philippines zimalemera kwambiri. Zomwe zimadyera kwambiri ndi anyani, mbalame, agologolo, mileme. Zonenepa zimadyanso. Awa ndi njoka, yang'anira abuluzi. Kusaka anyani nthawi zambiri kumachitidwa awiriawiri. Mbalame imodzi imakhala pamtondo pafupi ndi gulu la anyani ndikuyichotsa. Ndipo chachiwiri panthawiyi kuuluka mwakachetechete ndikugwira nyama.
Kusunga kowonera
Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti uli pangozi. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndikukula kwa malo olimapo. Ziwopsezo zathandizanso. Nthawi zina chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chimakodwa ndi anthu wamba pa mbambo. Pafupifupi mbalame 50 za mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama ku Europe, USA, Japan. Mtundu woyamba wa kubereka unayamba mu 1992. Masiku ano, kusaka nthumwi za mitunduyo sikuletsedwa. Chifukwa chopha munthu wazaka zakubadwa, akakhala kundende zaka 12 ndi chindapusa chachikulu.
Zolinga Zakuchepetsa Mphungu Zaku Philippines
Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango ndi kugawikana kwakanthawi komwe kumachitika pakudula mitengo, kutukula kwa nthaka kwa mbewu zomwe zalimidwa ndizomwe zikuopseza kwambiri kupezeka kwa chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines. Kutha kwa nkhalango yokhwima kumapitilirabe mwachangu kwambiri, kotero kuti pali mahekitala 9,220 km2 okha. Kuphatikiza apo, madera ambiri a nkhalango zotsalira adatulutsidwa. Kukula kwanyumba yamigodi kumadzetsa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka.
Kusaka kosalamulirika, kusaka kwa mbalame kumalo osungira nyama, ziwonetsero ndi malonda ndizoopsa kwambiri ku chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines. Ana aakazi osadziwa zambiri amagwera mumsampha wosaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pochotsa mbewu kungayambitse kuchepa kwa kubereka. Ziweto zochepa zomwe zimaswana zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimatha kubereka.
Mkhalidwe Wosungira Chiwombankhanga cha Philippines
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines ndi chimodzi mwazitundu zosowa kwambiri za chiwombankhanga padziko lapansi. Mu Buku Lofiyira, iyi ndi mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa chiŵerengero cha mbalame zosowa kwachitika m'mibadwo itatu yapitayi, kutengera kukuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa malo.
Chiwombankhanga cha Philippines ndi chimodzi mwazitundu zosowa kwambiri za chiwombankhanga padziko lapansi.
Njira Zosungirako Ziwombankhanga zaku Philippines
The Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) ndiotetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Philippines. Kugulitsa kunja ndi kupititsa kunja kwa mbalame ndizochepa pa CITES ntchito. Pofuna kuteteza chiwombankhanga chachilendo, zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana zaperekedwa patsogolo, kuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo oletsa kutsatira ndi kuteteza zisa, kufufuza, ntchito yodziwitsa anthu zambiri, ndi ntchito zobwezeretsa akapolo.
Ntchito yachilengedwe imachitika m'malo angapo otetezedwa, kuphatikizira Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park ku Luzon, Kitanglad MT, ndi mapaki achilengedwe ku Mindanao. Pali Philippine Eagle Foundation, yomwe imagwira ntchito ku Davao, Mindanao ndipo imayang'anira kuyesayesa kwa kubereka, kuwongolera ndi kusamalira nyama zamtchire za ku Philippines. Thumba likuyesetsa kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yoti ikhazikitsenso mbalame zosowa zodya. Ulimi wowononga ndi kuwotcha umayendetsedwa ndi malamulo apafupi. Amayala obiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza malo okhala m'nkhalango. Pulogalamuyi imaperekanso kafukufuku wina pakugawa, kuchuluka, zosowa zachilengedwe ndi zoopseza zachilengedwe.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Habitat halo
Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, zilumba za Philippines zilipobe. Unali ufumu wa nyama ndi mbalame, ndipo chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chinkamva bwino apa. Panali nyama zokwanira zokwanira.
Mphungu ndi nyama
Komabe, zonse zasintha tsopano. Pafupifupi 80% ya nkhalango yamvula ku Philippines iwonongedwa. Nkhalangoyi imagwetsedwa kuti ipange zida zomanga, ndipo malo odikirawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zatsopano, kapena kulimidwa malo olimapo. Zonsezi zimathandizira kuti malo okhala mbalamezi achepetsedwa kwambiri. Inde, kuti chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chizitha kupeza chakudya chake, chimafunikira malo osachepera 50 km.
Chimaliziro cha Harpy Monkey Eater
Kuyambira 1960, chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chakhala chikutetezedwa ndi boma, ndiye kuti mapulogalamu oyamba oteteza mbalame yachilendoyi adawonekera. Pazilumba zina, chiwombankhanga chikupitirirabe kukhala ndi ufulu, koma ziwerengero zake sizikukula.
Pachilumba cha Mindanao, chomwe kale chinali malo othawirako a chiwombankhanga ku Philippines, malo adapangapo malo osungika anthu okhawo omwe alipo, komanso mbalame zovulala zomwe zidagwa kuchokera ku chisa cha anapiye. Ntchito yophunzitsira ikuchitika pakati pa anthu okhala kuzilumba za Philippines ku kufunika kosungira chiwombankhanga. Anthu okhala komweko amalandila ndalama, omwe, atapeza chisa cha chiwombankhanga, amachiyang'anira.
Chiwombankhanga
Amamuteteza kwa alimi ndi andewu.Vuto ndiloti chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines sichiberekera mundende, kotero kuyesera konse kuti chizitetezedwe ndicholinga choteteza malo okhala. Koma, komabe, kufa kwa mbalame mpaka pano kumapitilira kulosera kwamtsogolo konse.
Popeza tayamba kulankhula zosiya moyo wa nyama, ndipo izi, mwatsoka, zikudikirira mwiniwake wa ziweto, tikufuna kukambirana za tsamba lomwe linaperekedwa pamaliro a nyama ku Kiev. Pamenepo mutha kutero, ngati ndinu wokhala likulu, muike chiweto chanu pamlingo wa maliro a anthu. Tsambali likuthandizani pokonzekera zonse, lingaliro lamalo pamanda a ziweto, kapena, pofunsidwa ndi eni ake, akuthandizeni pakuwotcha mtembo.
Ndipo kumbukirani - tili ndi udindo chifukwa cha iwo amene achotsa!