Nyama yodabwitsa. Ali ndi miyendo ya kavalo, miyendo ya mbidzi yolumikizana komanso chilankhulo chachitali chamtundu wamtchire - Okapi, nyama wamba. Zabisika m'nkhalango yamvula ya ku Africa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ofufuzawo adazipeza mu 1890.
Nyama imafika kutalika pafupifupi 1.7 m. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala kotheka mpaka metres 2.2. Kulemera mpaka 350 kg. Nthawi yayitali yomwe ali mu ukapolo ndi zaka 30, zachilengedwe sizikudziwika. Malo okhala nkhalango ku Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Tizilombo timene tili ndi achibale a Okapi okha. Simudzaganiziranso koyamba. Mpaka nyama itatulutsa lilime lake. Lilime limawoneka lofanana kwambiri ndi lilime la twiga: bulalu, wautali, wosinthika kwambiri, wabwino kutola masamba. Monga gira, miyendo yakutsogolo ya okapi ndiyitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Khosi limakhala lalitali kuposa, mwachitsanzo, kavalo, koma silingapikisane ndi khosi la gira. Chinthu chinanso chodziwika ndi muluza: zimayenda nthawi imodzi ndi miyendo yawo yakumanzere ndi kumbuyo.
Okapi amatchedwanso "girafi wa m'nkhalango," kapena "twiga wamfupi." Koma okapi akumveka bwino kwambiri. Sichoncho?
Nyama yachikazi imakweza pamwamba pa mnzake ndipo imalemera makilogalamu 25-30 kuposa iyo. Izi ndi zodabwitsa chifukwa girafi ya steppe ili ndi zosiyana: kukula kwake ndi kupitirira 1.5 m - m'malo mwa amuna.
Izi ndi nyama zokhazokha, chifukwa sizipezeka kawirikawiri pagululo. Amalumikizidwa ku gawo lawo. Munkhalango zowirira amadalira makutu awo. Akazi amakhala ndi malo okhazikika, otsekerako omwe amanunkhira.
Mwana wakhanda ali kale ndi theka la ola pambuyo pobereka. Amayi amateteza ana ake kwa adani - makamaka ku akambuku.
Pazaka zitatu, mkaziyo amakhala wachikulire. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yoyembekezera (imatenga miyezi 15) komanso chifukwa imabereka mwana mmodzi, okapi opita pang'onopang'ono.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe nyamazi zikukulira ndizochepa. Chifukwa china ndi munthu yemwe amawononga nthawi zonse malo okhala.
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
OKAPI (Okapia johnstoni) - chinyama cham'manja chakumaso cha banja la twiza. End End to Zaire. Pamakhala nkhalango zamvula zam'malo otentha, pomwe imadyapo mphukira ndi masamba a euphorbiaceae, komanso zipatso za mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Ichi ndi nyama yayikulupo: kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mamita awiri, kutalika pamapewa a 1.5-1.72 m, kulemera pafupifupi 250 kg. Mosiyana ndi twiza, khosi limakhala kutalika pang'ono mu okapi. Makutu aatali, maso akuluakulu owoneka bwino ndi mchira wake womaliza wokhala ndi burashi zimathandizira mawonekedwe a nyama yodabwitsayi. Mtunduwu umakhala wachilendo kwambiri: thupi limakhala lofiirira, miyendo imakhala yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pa ntchafu ndi mapewa. Pamutu pa anyamatawa pali nyanga ziwiri zazing'ono zophimbidwa ndi khungu zomwe zimasinthidwa pachaka. Lilime ndi lalitali komanso loonda, lokongola.
Tengani twiza, onjezerani zebra kwa iyo ndikupeza OKAPI.
Mbiri ya kupezeka kwa okapi ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20 lino. Chidziwitso choyambirira chokhudza nyama yosadziwika chidalandiridwa mu 1890 ndi mlendo wotchuka G. Stanley, yemwe adakwanitsa kupita ku nkhalango za anamwali ku Congo Basin. Mu lipoti lake, a Stanley adanena kuti ma pygmies omwe adawona akavalo ake sanadabwe (mosiyana ndi zomwe amayembekeza!) Ndipo adafotokozanso kuti nyama zofananazo zimapezeka m'nkhalango zawo. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, yemwe anali Kazembe wa Uganda panthawiyo, wa ku England dzina lake Johnston anaganiza zowunika mawu a Stanley: zambiri zokhudza "akavalo" osadziwika zinawoneka ngati zopusa. Komabe, pakuyenda kwa 1899, a Johnston adatha kupeza chitsimikiziro cha mawu a Stanley: choyamba, ma pygmies, kenako mmishonale wachizungu Lloyd, adafotokoza Johnston ngati "kavalo wamtchire" ndipo adanenanso dzina lakwawo - okapi.
Ndipo kenaka Johnston anali luckier: ku Fort Beni, Achi Belgiel adampatsa zidutswa ziwiri za khungu la okapi! Anatumizidwa ku London kupita ku Royal Zoological Society. Kuyendera kwawo kunawonetsa kuti khungu silili la mtundu wina uliwonse wa mbidzi, ndipo mu Disembala 1900 wolemba zinyama Sclater adafotokoza za mtundu watsopano wa nyama, ndikuupatsa dzina la "kavalo wa Johnston."
Pokha mu Juni 1901, pomwe khungu lathunthu ndi zigaza ziwiri zidatumizidwa ku London, zidapezeka kuti sizinali za kavalo, koma zidali pafupi ndi mafupa a nyama zomwe zidasowa kale. Chifukwa chake izi zinali za mtundu watsopano. Chifukwa chake, dzina lamakono la okapi lidasinthidwa mwalamulo - dzina lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri pakati pa ma pygmies ochokera ku nkhalango za Ituri. Komabe, okapi sanakhalebe osatheka. Zofunsira malo osungira nyama sizinaphule kanthu.
Mu 1919 kokha, a Antwerp Zoo adalandira okapi wachinyamata woyamba, yemwe amakhala ku Europe kwa masiku 50 okha. Kuyesa kochulukirapo kudatha polephera. Komabe, mu 1928, mayi wa ku Okapi wotchedwa Tele adafika ku Antwerp Zoo. Adakhala mpaka 1943 ndipo adamwalira ndi njala pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ndipo mu 1954, onse omwe ali kumalo osungirako zinyama a Antwerp adabadwa mwana woyamba wa okapi, mwatsoka, adamwalira posachedwa. Kulima bwino kwa okapi konse kunatheka mu 1956 ku Paris.
Pakadali pano ku Epulu (Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa) pali malo apadera ogwira okapi amoyo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ma okapi amasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama 18 padziko lapansi ndikubereka bwino.
Tikudziabe zochepa zokhudza moyo wa okapi kuthengo. Ndi azungu ochepa okha amene adawona nyama ili yonse mwachilengedwe. Kugawidwa kwa okapi kumangokhala malo ochepa ku Congo Basin, komwe kumakhala nkhalango zowirira komanso zotentha. Komabe, mkati mwa nkhalango iyi, ma okapi amapezeka pokhapokha pena pomwe pali mitsinje ndi mitengo, pomwe masamba obiriwira amatuluka pansi.
Okapi sangakhale pansi m'nkhalango mopitilira - alibe chakudya. Chakudya cha okapi chimakhala ndi masamba okhaokha: Lilime lawo lalitali komanso losinthika, nyamazo zimatenga mphukira yachitsamba kenako ndikudula masambawo ndikungoyenda. Nthawi zina amangodya udzu ndi udzu. Monga momwe katswiri wa zojambula za nyama a De Medina adawonetsera, okapi ndiwotsika mtengo posankha chakudya: mwa mabanja 13 omwe amapanga mtundu wokhawo wamvula, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 30 yokha. Makala ndi makala onyentchera okhala ndi dothi la nitrate kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri adapezekanso zinyalala za okapi. Mwachidziwikire, umu ndi momwe nyamayi imalumikizira kusowa kwa chakudya chamafuta. Okapi amadyetsedwa masana.
Okapi ndi nyama zapayekha. Pokhapokha mkazi akamalowa wamwamuna amakhala masiku angapo. Nthawi zina banja lotere limatsatiridwa ndi ana omaliza a chaka chatha, pomwe abambo akuluakulu samakhala ndi mkwiyo. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 440, kubereka kumachitika mu Ogasiti - Okutobala, nthawi yamvula. Pa kubala, mkaziyo amapuma kumadera akutali kwambiri, ndipo khanda lobadwa kumene limagona masiku angapo, kubisala mumtengo. Mayi amamupeza ndi mawu. Mawu a ok ok okalamba amafanana ndi chifuwa chamtendere, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zingwe za mawu. Mwanawankhosa amapanganso mawu amodzimodzi, koma amathanso kung'ung'udza modekha ngati mwana wa ng'ombe kapena nthawi zina amaliza modandaula. Amayi amakondana kwambiri ndi khandalo: pali zochitika zina pomwe mkazi amayesera kuthamangitsa ngakhale anthu kuchokera kwa mwana. Mwa mphamvu mu okapi, kumva ndi kununkhira kumapangidwa kwambiri.
Okapi amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Africa ku Congo Basin (Zaire). Izi ndi nyama zochepa, zamantha kwambiri, zofanana ndi mtundu wa mbidzi, zochokera ku banja la twiza. Nthawi zambiri a Okapi amadyetsedwa okha, kudutsa m'nkhalango modekha. Okapi ndi omvera kwambiri mwakuti ngakhale ma chikoko samatha kuwadumphira. Amakopa nyamazo m'misampha.
Okapi amatha kuchita zodabwitsa ndi lilime lake sentimita 40, mwachitsanzo, kunyambita kuseri kwa makutu ake akuda ndi malire ofiira. Mkati mbali zonse ziwiri ali ndi matumba momwe amasungira chakudya.
Okapi ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri. Amakonda kusamalira khungu lawo kwanthawi yayitali.
Mpaka kumapeto, sizotheka kuphunzira za moyo ndi zizolowe za okapi. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yosakhazikika pazandale ku Congo yokhala ndi nkhondo zapachiweniweni, komanso chifukwa chamanyazi komanso chinsinsi cha nyama, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika za moyo wawo mwaufulu. Mosakayikira kukhudzidwa kwa mitengo kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta kwambiri, okapi ali ndi anthu 10,000 okha. Pali 45 a iwo mu malo osungira dziko lapansi.
Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi malo awo okhala, koma izi si nyama zakuthengo, chuma chawo chikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo nthawi zina ma okapis amatha kudya limodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kwakanthawi kochepa. Monga Okapi, monga mukudziwa, amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kutchera" ndikudalira kumva mu nkhalango yozungulira, pomwe sangathe kuwona patali kwambiri.
Amadyera makamaka masamba, zitsamba, zipatso ndi bowa, zina zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi poizoni. Akuti ndichifukwa chake, kuphatikiza chilichonse, okapi amadya makala a mitengo yopsereza, yomwe ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri atatha kuyamwa. Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mitundu yambiri yazomera, Okapi amadyanso dongo, lomwe limapatsa thupi mchere komanso mchere wofunikira m'zakudya zake.
Nyamayo imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri: tsitsi losalala ndi mtundu wa chokoleti chakuda ndi ma tepi ofiira, miyendo imakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera, ndipo pamutu (kokha mwa amuna) - nyanga zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Komanso, lilime ndi lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti okapi amatha kutsuka maso awo. Pafupifupi 250 kilogalamu imodzi imafika pamtunda wautali mikono iwiri ndi kutalika (kufota) kwa masentimita 160. Akazi ndiwokwera pang'ono kuposa abambo awo.
Kufalitsa
Dera lokhalo lomwe madera ake okapi amapezeka ndi la Democratic Republic of the Congo. Okapi amakhala nkhalango zowirira kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa dzikolo, mwachitsanzo, m'malo osungirako Salonga, Maiko ndi Virunga.
Kuchuluka kwa okapi kuthengo sikudziwika. Popeza okapi ndi nyama zoopsa komanso zobisalira komanso akukhala kudziko lomwe lawonongedwa ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pa moyo wawo. Kubisika kwa mitengo, komwe kumawalepheretsa malo okhala, mwina kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu. Ziwerengero zowonetsetsa za kuchuluka kwa okapi amatchedwa ziwerengero kuchokera pa anthu 10,000 mpaka 20,000 omwe akukhala mwaufulu [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1311]. Mu malo osungira dziko lapansi alipo zana ndi zitatu.
Moyo
Monga kuwerengera kumeneku, mbedza za okapi zimadalira masamba amtchire: Lilime lawo lalitali komanso losinthika, nyama zimatenga mphukira yaying'ono yachitsamba ndikusiyira ndikusuntha. Kuphatikiza apo, okapi amadya zitsamba, ferns, bowa ndi zipatso. Monga momwe katswiri wa zojambula za nyama a De Medina adawonetsera, okapi ndiwotsika mtengo posankha chakudya: mwa mabanja 13 omwe amapanga mtundu wokhawo wamvula, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 30 yokha. Makala ndi makala onyentchera okhala ndi dothi la nitrate kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri adapezekanso zinyalala za okapi. Mwachidziwikire, umu ndi momwe nyamayi imalumikizira kusowa kwa chakudya chamafuta. Okapi amadyetsedwa masana. .
Okapi amagwira ntchito masana. Akazi akuluakulu amafotokoza bwino madera, pomwe madera achimuna amadutsana ndipo sawafotokozera bwino. Okapi - nyama zomwe zimakhala zokha. Nthawi zina, amapezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma pazifukwa zomwe amapanga, sizikudziwika.
Mimba ya okapi ndi masiku 450. Kubadwa kwa ana kumatengera nyengo: kubadwa kwa mwana kumachitika mu Ogasiti ndi Okutobala, nthawi yamvula. Pa kubala, mkaziyo amapuma kumadera akutali kwambiri, ndipo khanda lobadwa kumene limagona masiku angapo, kubisala mumtengo. Mayi amamupeza ndi mawu. Mawu a akulu okapi amafanana ndi chifuwa chamtendere. Mwanawankhosa amapanganso mawu amodzimodzi, koma amathanso kung'ung'udza modekha ngati mwana wa ng'ombe kapena nthawi zina amaliza modandaula. Amayi amakondana kwambiri ndi khandalo: pali zochitika zina pomwe mkazi amayesera kuthamangitsa ngakhale anthu kuchokera kwa mwana. Mwa mphamvu mu okapi, kumva ndi kununkhira kumapangidwa kwambiri. . Ali ku ukapolo, okapi amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 30.
Mbiri yakupeza okapi
Mbiri ya kupezeka kwa okapi ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20 lino. Chidziwitso choyambirira chokhudza nyama chosadziwika chidalandiridwa mu 1890 ndi mlendo wotchuka, dzina lake Henry Stanley, yemwe adakwanitsa kufika kunkhalango yamwali a Congo Basin. Mu lipoti lake, a Stanley adanena kuti ma pygmies omwe adawona akavalo ake sanadabwe (mosiyana ndi zomwe amayembekeza) ndikufotokozera kuti nyama zofananazo zimapezeka m'nkhalango zawo. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, yemwe anali Kazembe wa Uganda panthawiyo, wa ku England dzina lake Johnston anaganiza zowunika mawu a Stanley: zambiri zokhudza "akavalo" osadziwika zinawoneka ngati zopusa. Komabe, paulendo wawo wa 1899, a Johnston adatha kupeza chitsimikiziro cha mawu a Stanley: choyamba, ma pygmies, kenako mmishonale wachizungu Lloyd, adafotokoza Johnston mawonekedwe a "kavalo wamtchi" ndipo adanenanso dzina lakwawo - okapi. Ndipo kenaka Johnston anali luckier: ku Fort Beni, Achi Belgiel adampatsa zidutswa ziwiri za khungu la okapi. Anatumizidwa ku London kupita ku Royal Zoological Society. Kuyendera kwawo kunawonetsa kuti khungu silili la mtundu wina uliwonse wa mbidzi, ndipo mu Disembala 1900 wolemba zinyama Sclater adafotokoza za mtundu watsopano wa nyama, ndikuupatsa dzina la "kavalo wa Johnston." Pokha mu Juni 1901, pomwe khungu lathunthu ndi zigaza ziwiri zidatumizidwa ku London, zidapezeka kuti sizinali za kavalo, koma zidali pafupi ndi mafupa a nyama zomwe zidasowa kale. Chifukwa chake izi zinali za mtundu watsopano. Chifukwa chake, dzina lamakono la okapi lidasinthidwa mwalamulo - dzina lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri pakati pa ma pygmies ochokera ku nkhalango za Ituri. Komabe, okapi sanakhalebe osatheka.
Zofunsira malo osungira nyama sizinaphule kanthu. Mu 1919 kokha, a Antwerp Zoo adalandira okapi wachinyamata woyamba, yemwe amakhala ku Europe kwa masiku 50 okha. Kuyesa kochulukirapo kudatha polephera. Komabe, mu 1928, mayi wa ku Okapi wotchedwa Tele adafika ku Antwerp Zoo. Adakhala mpaka 1943 ndipo adamwalira ndi njala pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ndipo mu 1954, onse okhala ku malo otetezedwa a Antwerp adabadwa mwana woyamba wa okapi, yemwe anamwalira posachedwa. Kulima bwino kwa okapi konse kunatheka mu 1956 ku Paris. Pakadali pano ku Epulu (Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa) pali malo apadera ogwira okapi amoyo. .