Armadillo ndi m'modzi mwa oimira nyama zakale kwambiri. Akatswiri a zanyama amamuwona ngati nyama yodabwitsa komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha chipolopolo chachikulu, chomenyera nkhondo, akuti nkhondo zikuluzikulu zakale. Komabe, ataphunzira ma genetic angapo, adalekanitsidwa kukhala mtundu wina ndi kudzipatula, zomwe zimafanana ndi ma antete ndi sloth. M'mudzi wawo wakale, ku Latin America, nyama zimatchedwa "armadillo," zomwe zikutanthauza ma dinosaurs athumba.
Kodi armadillos amakhala kuti?
Armadillos amakhala ku Central ndi South America pamaso pa Strait of Magellan, kum'mawa kwa Mexico, ku Florida, ku Georgia ndi South Carolina kumadzulo kupita ku Kansas, kuzilumba za Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada, Margarita. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: ma savannas, zipululu zopanda madzi, nkhalango zowuma ndi zamvula, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, armarloadil Kappler wam'madzi amapezeka kokha m'nkhalango zamvula za Orinoco ndi chigwa cha Amazon, shaggy armadillo amadziwika malo okwezeka a Peru pamitunda ya 2,400-3,200 mita, armadillo yakumtunda idabisala kudera la Patagonian ku Argentina kulikonse kumwera kwa Strait of Magellan.
Mitundu yambiri yazinthu zakale imapezeka ku South America, ndikuchokera pano komwe gululi limachokera. Pang'onopang'ono, pamene mlatho wam'madzi unalumikiza madera awiriwo, armadillos inalowa kolowera ku North America (apa zotsalira za glyptodonts zimapezeka pamaso pa Nebraska). Mitundu ya zinthu zakalezi inatha, osasiya mbadwa ku North America. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, gulu lankhondo la maulendo asanu ndi anayi (Dasypus novemcinctus) linakhazikika mwachangu kum'mwera kwa United States ndipo likukhala kumeneko mpaka pano. M'zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Florida, zingapo mwa nyama izi zinathawa kumalo osungira nyama komanso kwa eni ake ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa nyama zakuthengo zomwe pang'ono ndi pang'ono zimapita kumpoto komanso kumadzulo.
Armadillo
Armadillo | |||||
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Atatu-Belt Armadillo | |||||
Gulu la asayansi | |||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Banja: | Armadillo |
Armadillo (lat. Dasypodidae) - banja la zinyama lomwe lanyamula mfuti. Amakhala ku Central ndi South America.
Mawonekedwe a Armadillo ndi malo okhala
Kumudzi kwawo, ku Latin America, armadillos amatchedwa armadillos, kutanthauza "ma dinosaurs athumba". Mawuwa amagwirizana osati mawonekedwe a nyama iyi, komanso nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi.
Armadillos adawonekera pa Earth zaka pafupifupi 55 miliyoni zapitazo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, zimapulumuka ndikupitabe kubereka. Kuti apulumuke, kwanthawi yayitali, chipolopolo kapena zida zomwezo zidawathandiza, komwe dzina lawo linachokera.
Nyama ya Armadillo am'gulu la madongosolo a edentulous. Zowonadi, mano a nyama iyi alibe mizu ndi enamel. Alibe zolocha ndi ma fang. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu 20 ya armadillos. Malo awo amakhala South America, ndipo ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umakhala kumwera kwa North America.
Nyama ya Armadillo mu chithunzi amazindikira pafupifupi munthu aliyense. Ngakhale kuti "dinosaur" iyi ndi nyama yachilendo, pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa momwe amawonekera.
Nthawi zina pamakhala zinthu zachilendo kwambiri kwakuti ngakhale anthu aku Latin America samazizindikira kuti ndi nkhondo. Chimodzi mwa nyama zotere ndi nkhondo yankhondo.
Mtunduwu uli ndi mayina ochulukirapo - nthano ya pinki kapena nkhondo yapinki. Amakhala m'magawo ochepa chabe a Argentina. Pokhala moyo wawo, amasankha mayulu owuma amchenga ndi zigwa ndi tchire ndi cacti.
Mu chithunzi, nkhondoyo ili yolumala
Fiyamu ya pinki ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira ochepa kwambiri pabanja la armadillo. Kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a thupilo ndi 9-15 masentimita, ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 90. Mbali ya nkhondo yapinki ndi chithunzi chake.
Amalumikizidwa ndi thupi ndi mzere woonda m'modzi ndi awiri ena pafupi ndi maso. Zida zankhondo zili ndi ma bulu 24 a bony. Nyama ikhoza kupindika mosavuta.
Chipolopolocho sichingogwira ntchito yoteteza kokha, komanso chithunzithunzi cha thupi. Zida zimangokhala kumbuyo, ngati chovala. Thupi lonse (pamimba ndi m'mbali mwa thupi) limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Chovala chofiirira ichi chimawotha armadillo usiku wozizira.
Pali mchira wapinki mu armadillo, womwe umawupatsa mawonekedwe pang'ono pang'ono. Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi masentimita 2,5 ndi 5. Ndi kukula kwake, nyamayo siitha kuyikweza, chifukwa mchira wake umakokedwa nthawi zonse pansi.
Chizindikiro cha phokoso la pinki chimatha ndi mphuno yaying'ono. Maso a nyamayo ndi ochepa, chifukwa nyamayi imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo imatuluka usiku.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ili yolimba kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, chifukwa ndi chida choyenera kukumba mabowo. Chidacho chilichonse chimakhala ndi zala 5, zomwe zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zamphamvu. Chigoba cha nyamayi ndi chochepa thupi, ndiye mutu ndiye malo otetezeka kwambiri.
Malo okhalamo a Armadillo
Malo omwe amagawitsidwira nyamazi ndi Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina. Anthu okhala komweko achotsa nkhondo kalekale, chifukwa nyama yawo amaiona kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali, koma kuchuluka kwa nyama izi ndi zochuluka, motero sizatsala pang'ono kutha. Mwa ena mwa anthu amderali amakhulupirira za mphamvu zamatsenga zamanja, motero amapha nyama kuti apange zitumbuzo m'mafupa awo.
Koma osati chifukwa cha izi, a Armadillas amamwalira. Armadillos palibe usiku. Masana, amabisala m'maenje okumba, ndipo usiku amapita kumeneko kupita kukawotha ndikusaka chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, ndikabwerera, sapeza pogona pokhapokha ndikukumba malo ndi mabatani atsopano. Chifukwa cha mundawo, minda idakutidwa ndi zithunzi zopangidwa ndi armadillos. Mahatchi odyetsa, ng'ombe zimagwera m'maenje awa ndikuphwanya miyendo yawo, yomwe, kwenikweni, eni ake sakonda. Ichi ndiye chifukwa china chakupulula kwa armadillos.
Ngakhale kuti amakhala osachedwa, kuthamangitsa mikwingwirima yamanja, amayesa kudziyika pansi mwachangu, ndipo amatha kuchita bwino. Ngati pazifukwa zina nyamayo ilibe nthawi yokwanira kukumba dzenje ndikubisala pangozi, ndiye kuti imakankhidwira pansi, kubisala ziwalo zofewa za thupi pansi pa chigobacho, kuzipangitsa kuti zisamavute.
Chiwopsezo choopsa cha armadillos ndi magalimoto. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuwombera kwa nyama zolusa. Pokhala mobisa, kumva phokoso lagalimoto ikudutsa, imagunda kwambiri, moyang'anizana, ndikugunda pansi pagalimoto yoyenda, yomwe imathera momvetsa chisoni chirombocho.
Kufotokozera
Zida zimakhala ndi mafupa asanu ndi anayi osunthika okhala ndi khungu la keratinized (masikelo). Mlingo uwu (osteoderm) umapereka chovala cholimba koma chosinthasintha. Armor ndi pafupifupi 16% ya kulemera kwa thupi ndipo imagawidwa m'magawo atatu akuluakulu: pelvic, mapewa, ndi dorsal. Chiwerengero cha magulu owoneka amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 11. Mzere uliwonse umalekanitsidwa ndi wosanjikiza khungu ndi tsitsi. Osteoderm amakula ndikumangotuluka mosalekeza, koma osazimiririka. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamtunda ndi 0.75 m. Kutalika kwa mchira pafupifupi ndi 0.3 m, kumakutidwa ndi mphete 12 - 15 (osteoderm).
Mutu umaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi mamba opindika, kupatula makutu. Amatetezedwa ndi ukali ndi khungu loyipa. Palibenso zizindikiro zankhondo pamiyendo. Nkhope yakutali imakhala ndi pinki hue ndipo imafanana ndi nkhumba mawonekedwe. Nkhope, khosi ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Zida zamiyendo naini zili ndi miyendo yayifupi: zala 4 kutsogolo ndi zala 5 kumbuyo.
Mano athunthu ali mgulu lapa 28 mpaka 32. Ndiachilendo, ang'onoang'ono kukula ndi ma cylindrical mawonekedwe. Mano amakula mu moyo wonse wa mkono. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi malilime atali, omata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire tizilombo.
Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 5.5 - 7.7 kg, ndi akazi - kuyambira 3.6 mpaka 6.0 kg. Kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala kotsika, mkati mwa 30 ° -35 ° C. Popeza ndi unyinji wawo, armadillos amakhala ndi basal metabolic rate 384.4 kJ / tsiku.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Nyama ndi za nyama zomwe zimayamwitsa. Amagawidwa ku gulu lankhondo. Asayansi amati nyamazo zimawonekeranso padziko lapansi m'masiku a dinosaurs. Izi ndi zaka pafupifupi 50-55 miliyoni zapitazo. Mabatani sanasinthebe kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo, kupatula kukula kwakukulu.
Makolo akale a mtunduwu adafika pamtunda wopitirira mamita atatu. Oimira maluwa ndi zinyama adatha kupulumuka ndikukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe awo oyambirira chifukwa cha chipolopolo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mafupa owopsa, omwe adachitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi adani ndi masoka achilengedwe.
Dera
Ma armadillos okhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi amapezeka ku South, Central ndi North America, ndipo ali ndi malo okhala kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yomwe ilipo ya banja la armadillo, kuyambira ku Argentina ndi Uruguay, kudutsa Central America ndi kumwera kwa United States.
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe a zida zankhondo
Zowonetsa momwe mkono umawonekera, chithunzi. Zikuwonetsa kuti nyamayi ndi yotuwa. Mbali yam'mwamba ya mutu, mchira, kumbuyo imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo, chomwe chili ndi zikopa za 4 ndi 6. Pakatikati pa msana pali malamba omwe amatchedwa mabatani - mizere yopingasa ya mbale zosunthika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala 6 kapena 7, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oblong-quadrangular.
Pansi pamaso, omwe ali pamutu waukulu komanso wosalala, palinso zikopa, koma ndizokhazikika. Mlingo wamaonekedwe 6 osakhazikika umakhala kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kwa matako. Kutsogolo kwamiyala yamfuti kuli zovala zazitali zokhotakhota zomwe zimathandiza nyama izi kukumba ngalande ndi ndima mobisa. Kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo - 5 zikhadabo.
Ngakhale pa gawo la thupi lomwe mulibe mamba a zida, khungu limakhala lolimba. Iye ndi wamakwinya, warty, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyota. Tsitsi loterolo limakula kumbuyo, ndikupanga pakati pa mizere ya mbale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma armadillos awa amatchedwa "bristly".
Armadillas ali ndi mano 16-18, 8-9 pa nsagwada iliyonse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mano alibe chovala cha enamel ndi mizu. Nyama imakhala ndi mchira wautali, pafupifupi - 24 cm, thupi la munthu wamkulu limatha kufika theka la mita kutalika. Kutentha kwa mkono wa armadillos kumatha kusinthasintha. Zimatengera kutentha kwa mpweya.
Kusintha kwausiku komanso mobisa komwe kwachitika chifukwa chabwinobwino armadillos amatha kununkhiza komanso kumva, ndipo masomphenyawa sangadzitame chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu. Armadillos amafunika mpweya wocheperako kuposa zinyama zina zambiri zofanana. Mphepo zamlengalenga zimakhazikika, ndizosungunulira mpweya. Chifukwa chake, nyama izi sizingatheke kupuma kwa mphindi zingapo, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri pamoyo wamasiku apansi.
Makhalidwe onsewa adathandizira mitundu ya armadillos kukhalabe munthawi yamavuto achilengedwe, motero mtunduwu wakhala ndi moyo zaka 55 miliyoni! Ndiye chifukwa chake nyama izi zimatchedwa "ma dinosaurs athumba." Kupatula apo, makolo akale amakedzana ankakhala mu nthawi ya ma dinosaurs.
Chiyembekezo chamoyo komanso kubereka kwa armadillos
Ponena za akwati, kukhalapo kwa nyengo yakubadwa kuli chidziwitso cha armadillos achikazi. Pankhaniyi, ukatha umuna, mluza kwakanthawi umayimitsidwa ndikukula, kukhala m'thupi la amayi. Mimba imodzimodziyo mwa akazi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, nthawi zambiri mu 2 litters.
Zotsatira zake, aliyense amabereka ana awiri - wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Amawoneka kale ndikuwoneka ngati makolo awo - amaphimbidwanso ndi chipolopolo, komabe ndiofewa, koma posachedwa kuwuma. Amayi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa mwezi umodzi, kenako ana ake amayamba kusiya dzenjelo ndipo pang'onopang'ono amazolowera chakudya cha achikulire.
Ali ndi zaka 2, zida zankhondo zowongolera zimakhwima pang'onopang'ono mpikisano wawo. Bristle armadillos amakhala mu vivo pafupifupi 10-16 zaka. Kuukapolo, chiwerengerochi ndi chokulirapo: panali nthawi zina pamene nyama izi zidakhala zaka 23.
Kuswana
Armadillos adawonedwa akukhazikika munthawi yachilimwe. Monga lamulo, zimakhala nyama zokhazokha, motero kuyandikira kwa mkazi ndi wamwamuna sikwachilendo. Amakhulupirira kuti mwamunayo amasungabe kuyandikana ndi mkazi kuti atengere ufulu wake ndi kumuteteza kwa amuna anzawo. Nthawi zina, amuna amamenyera akazi amodzi. Ndikotheka kuti kuyandikira kuyandikira kumathandiza abambo kudziwa kuti nthawi yomwe mkaziyo ali pachiwopsezo chokwatirana. Kutaya kuchokera ku tiziwalo timene timakhala ndi fungo losiyana ndi nthawi ya estrus.
Akazi amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lakunja, pomwe amuna samakhala ndi khungu lakunja ndipo ma testes amakhala mkati. Akazi ambiri amakhala ndi estrus kamodzi pachaka, nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pakutenga pakati, dzira limodzi lokha ndi umuna. Blastocysts amakhalabe mu chiberekero pafupifupi masabata 14 asanalowe. Ndiye kuti, pamene lamafutso lomera limafikira kukhoma la chiberekero, limagawika m'magulu anayi ofanana. Mluza uliwonse umakhazikika mu mgulu mwake momwe. Tinthu timeneti totupa timabadwa pafupifupi nthawi zambiri timayambitsa kubadwa kwa anayi ofanana.
Ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimabadwa kumayambiriro kwamasika, pambuyo pa miyezi 4 yoyembekezera. Kulowetsedwa kuzimiririka kumapangitsa kuti ana azitha kuwoneka masika akayamba kutentha komanso chakudya chochuluka.
Pobadwa, armadillos amafanana ndi makolo awo, ochepa okha. Maso amatseguka mwachangu, koma kusungitsa kwawo kumawuma pakapita milungu ingapo. Kukula kwathunthu ndikutha msinkhu kumakwaniritsidwa pazaka 3 kapena 4.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa mkono
Pamenepo komwe nyama ya armadillo imakhala, gawo limadziwika ndi dothi lamchenga. Amanga nyumba zawo pafupi ndi anthill. Pafupifupi pafupi ndi chakudya.
Moyo wokhala pawekha. Ndi nthumwi zina zamtunduwu zimangolankhula nthawi yakuswana. Maola onse masana amatha m'mizere, ndipo usiku ndimomwe amasankhidwa kukasaka.
Ngozi yocheperako imawopseza nkhondo yapinki. Wamantha nthawi yomweyo amadzibisa mumchenga. Kwa izi, mphindi zochepa ndizokwanira kwa iwo, popanda chifukwa amawonedwa kuti ndi opanga zabwino kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi nsapato zazitali amatenga mchenga.
Kuchokera kumbali, mayendedwewa amafanana ndi kusambira. Kusambira kwa mchenga kumakhala koyenda molongosoka ndipo kumateteza mitu yawo ku dothi pomwe kukumba mabowo. Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kupita pansi mobisa.
Kuti adzipulumutse kwa adani, armadillos amagwiritsa ntchito mochenjera ndi carapace. Ngati wolusa aganiza zolowa mdzenje lawo, nkhondoyo imatchinga khomo ndi mafupa ake.
Ikuwoneka ngati nkhata yolepheretsa kudutsamo, ndipo nkhamayo ilibe mwayi wolanda. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ziweto zosowa ndi kusankha mugule nyama yachilendo, dziwani kuti malo mchipinda chake chokonza sichigwira ntchito.
Mitundu yonse ya armadillos imatha kusungidwa, koma mitundu iwiri yokha ndi yoyenera kwambiri. Nyama zomwe zakula mu ukapolo, zosavuta kuposa abale amtchire, zimazolowera anthu, zimawapatsa chikondi, zosangalatsa zamanyazi komanso zosangalatsa. Chifukwa chake pet armadillo Mpira wamalamba asanu ndi anayi ndi lamba-lamba atatu.
Nkhondo yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi ili ndi mawonekedwe apabwino. Ndi mnzake wosagwirizana, zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa kumuwona. Mpira wa armadillo ndi wofanana ndendende ndi wamiyendo 9.
Amakhala moyo wokangalika, amazolowera ndipo amadziwa mbuye wake. Popita nthawi, imakhala yosasinthika. Mutha kusewera naye. Amayankha dzina lanyanjali ndipo amathamangira mbuye wake.
Mitundu yonseyi siyisonyeza zizindikiro zankhanza kwa anthu ndipo imasinthika mosavuta m'malo atsopano.Koma simuyenera kuyembekezera kuti nkhondo itha kutsatira malamulowo, chifukwa ilibe luso lapadera.
Mphamvu ya Armadillo
Menyu yayikulu ya ndewuyo ili ndi tizilombo, nyongolotsi, nkhono ndi abuluzi ang'ono. Nyama iyi ndi nyama yolusa. Nyama yolusa imeneyi imadya nyerere ndi mphutsi, motero nyumba yake, nthawi zambiri, siyikhala kutali ndi anthill.
Zakudya zam'madzi izi mumakhalanso chakudya cham'mera, ngakhale ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa chakudya cha nyama. Gawo lazopezekazo ndizamasamba limakhala ndi masamba ndi mizu yazomera.
Mu chithunzi, achinyamata armadillo
Moyo & Habitat
Zamoyo zamitundu yambiri siziphunziridwa bwino ndi asayansi. Kuchuluka kwa nyamazo kumatsogolera moyo wosangalatsa, koma zochita zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo komanso zaka zomwe akumenya. Achinyamata amatha kusiya mabowo awo m'mawa kwambiri kapena pafupi ndi chakudya chamadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimagwiranso ntchito masana.
Nyamazo zimakonda kukhala zokha ndipo nthawi zina zimangolowa nawo awiriawiri. Nthawi yambiri masana amakhala m'makumba, ndipo usiku amapita kukadya. Zimayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala, nthawi zambiri zimayima kuti zimveke mpweya.
Kuyamwa kwawo kumawoneka kovuta. Ziwalo zam'mbuyo zimapumira kumapazi, ndipo kutsogolo kumaso kwa nsapato. Chigoba cholemera chomwe chimalepheretsanso kuyenda mwachangu, koma zikagwidwa ndi adani zimatha kuthamanga mwachangu ndikubisala mdzenje kapena mumtunda wowala.
Armadillos nthawi zambiri imakhala nyama ya nyama zosiyanasiyana: mimbulu, coyotes, zimbalangondo, anyani ndi anyani. Amasakidwanso ndi anthu, amapha nyama chifukwa cha nyama yofewa, yomwe imakoma ngati nkhumba ndi chipolopolo cholimba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoimbira.
Latin America imadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwirako nyama, koma armadillo amakhala komanso ku South, Central ndi North America, komanso Mexico. M'mayiko angapo, nyamayi imatetezedwa ndi boma, ndipo mitundu ingapo yalemba mu Red Book, koma ngakhale izi zidapitilirabe kuwonongeka. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika makamaka pakati pa mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe yakhala ikusowa kwambiri. Mbaleyi imatha kuwoneka anthu ochepa, kutalika kwa 18 mpaka 80 cm.
Zosangalatsa zokhudza nkhondo
Animal America Armadillo ndi malo osungira zinthu zodabwitsa:
- Amagona mpaka maola 14 mpaka 19 patsiku.
- Amawona zonse zakuda ndi zoyera.
- Amatha kupuma, chifukwa chomwe amabisala kwa adani omwe amakhala pansi pa posungira pomwe amayenda pansi.
- Ndiwo nyama zokha mwa zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa ndi khate.
- Sawopa anthu, ndipo amatha kukwera mnyumba kukafunafuna chakudya.
- Akazi pamikhalidwe yovuta amatha kuchedwetsa kukula kwa pakati.
- Nyama ikakumba dzenje, silimapumira, kuti dziko lapansi lisalowe mundime yopumira.
- Anthu achikulire ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri; amatha kununkhira nyama ngakhale atakhala kutali ndi 10-15 cm mobisa.
- Kutalika kwa nsapato pakati pa chala chachikulu chakumanja kumafika masentimita 18. Nyamayo imatha kuthyola khungwa lolimba la mitengo komanso timiyala tambiri tosaka chakudya.
- Ubwino wa mabatani amakhala akuluakulu kwambiri kuposa zovulaza. Amawononga anthu ochulukitsa azirombo.
- Zingwe za nyama zitha kukhala zakuya kwambiri, ndipo zimafikira mamita 5-7, zimakhala ndi nthambi zosiyanasiyana ndi magawo, ndipo pansi pake mnyumbayo ndi yokutidwa ndi masamba owuma.
- Amuna, kutsimikizira kukhala apamwamba kuposa amuna kapena akazi, amatha kupanga ndewu. Amayesa kugogoda kumbuyo kwa mdani kuti athe kufikira malo osatetezedwa kwambiri.
Amadziwika kuti mkono wopindika sukumanga nyumba yake ndi zibowo zakuthwa, koma ndi mutu. Nyama imayikhomera pansi ndikuyamba kutembenuka, ngati kuti ikung'ambukira. Chifukwa chake, samangokumba kabowo, komanso nthawi yomweyo amapeza chakudya ndikudya.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Animal Armadillo
Chodabwitsa cha nyama zapaderazi zimagona m'gobolomo. Amakhala ndi maofesi angapo omwe amalumikizana: mutu, phewa ndi m'chiuno. Malumikizidwe amaperekedwa ndi nsalu yotanuka. Chifukwa cha izi, madipatimenti onse ali ndi kuyenda kokwanira. Komanso pa thupi pali zingwe zingapo zooneka ngati mphete zokutira kumbuyo ndi m'mbali. Pokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa magulu otere, imodzi mwazithunzizi imatchedwa lamba naini. Kunja, chigombacho chimakutidwa ndi mizere, kapena mabwalo am'mimba.
Miyendo ya chilombo imatetezeredwanso ndi zida. Gawo la mchira limakutidwa ndi mbale zamtundu wamafupa. Mimba ndi mkati mwa miyendo ndizopepuka komanso zowoneka bwino, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba. Tsitsi limatha kuphimba mbale za pakhungu lomwe lili pamwamba pa chipolacho.
Nyama zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira bulauni mpaka pinki. Mtambo wa tsitsi umatha kukhala wakuda, imvi, kapena yoyera kwathunthu. Nkhondo, ngakhale ili yaying'ono, imakhala ndi squat, yayitali komanso thupi lolemera. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu m'modzi kumasiyana kuyambira 20 mpaka 100 cm. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi 50-95 kilos.
Kutalika kwa mchira wa thupi ndi masentimita 7-45. Kuphatikizira kwa armadillos sikokwanira kwambiri kwa thupi. Imatha kukhala yozungulira, yotalika, kapena yopindika patali. Maso ndi ang'ono, ophimbidwa ndi timiyendo takhungu.
Linyama ndi zazifupi, koma zamphamvu kwambiri. Amapangira kukumba mabowo akuluakulu. Zoneneratu zitha kukhala zowindikizika katatu kapena zisanu. Pa zala pali zovala zazitali, zakuthwa komanso zokumbira. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyamayo ndi yopingika kasanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha poyenda kudzera pamakola mobisa.
Chochititsa chidwi. Armadillos ndi zolengedwa zokha zomwe sizikhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mano. Mwa anthu osiyanasiyana, amatha kuyambira 27 mpaka 90. Kuchulukitsa kwawo kumatengera jenda, zaka, komanso mitundu.
Mano amakula pamoyo wawo wonse. Pamkamwa pakamwa pali lilime lalitali lomwe limakutidwa ndi chinthu chowoneka bwino, chomwe nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito kugwira chakudya. Armadillos amatha kumva bwino komanso kumva fungo. Masomphenya mu nyama sizinapangidwe bwino. Samawona mtundu, amango kusiyanitsa ma silhouette. Nyama sizilekerera kutentha pang'ono, ndipo matenthedwe a matupi awo zimatengera kutentha, ndipo amatha kuyambira 37 mpaka 31 digiri.
Bristled Armadillos ku Moscow Zoo
Ngati simukonzekera kupita ku South America, koma mukufuna kuwona nyama zodabwitsa ndi maso anu, ndiye kuti pitani ku Zoo ya Moscow. Nyama yoyamba yofanana pano ingaoneke kumbuyo mu 1964. Koma chilombo sichinakhale kuno kwamuyaya, koma chinabweretsedwa kwakanthawi, ngati gawo la nyama "zoyendayenda". Amachita nawo zokambirana komanso kuwonetsera nyama.
Mu 1975, gulu la "kubwera" linabweranso kumalo osungira nyama. Pakati pawo panali chachikazi komanso chachimuna cha ma lamba omenyedwa ndi lamba zisanu ndi zinayi. Koma ana omwe amayembekezeka kuchokera kwa iwo ali akapolo sanalandiridwe. Mu 1985, nthumwi ya nkhanzazi idaphatikizapo zida 7 zambali zokwana 7 zofika ku Buenos Aires. Kenako adasamukira ku Riga Zoo.
Kuyambira 2000, armadillos akhala akukhala kumalo osungira nyama mosalekeza. Zinakhazikitsidwa pamodzi ndi ma sloth mu mpanda wa "Toothless", omwe amakhala bwino nawo. Pabwaloli lili pakati pagawo lakale ndi gawo latsopanoli, pafupi ndi mlatho.
Chimodzi mwosangalatsa cha bristled armadillo chinayambitsa kusamvetsetsa. Nyamayo inkakonda kugona pamsana pake, nthawi yopumula mwachangu ndi miyendo. Alendo adaganiza kuti nkhondoyo idakhala yolakwika, ndipo adathamangira kukafufuza antchito a zoo kuti awathandize. Izi zachitika nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchitowo adaganiza zolemba, akuti nyamayo imangokonda kugona pamsana pake, ndipo tsopano kusamveraku sikuchitika.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe m'mabowo omwe amapendekera pang'onopang'ono, osawoneka bwino osunthira kumtunda ndi nthambi, ndipo armadillos imathamanga pansi.
Malo osungiramo zida zapakhomo amadzaza ndi mazira, nyama, mkaka, tchizi. Zonsezi ndizosakanikirana, zinthu zina zimawonjezeredwa, kenako nyama zimakondwera kudya izi.
Kodi nkhondo ili kuti?
Chithunzi: Armadillo ku South America
Madera okhala malo okhala nyama:
- Central America
- South America
- Eastern Mexico
- Florida
- Georgia
- South Carolina,
- Trinidad Island,
- Tobago Island,
- Chilumba cha Margarita
- Chilumba cha Grenada
- Argentina
- Chile
- Paraguay
Monga malo okhala, armadillos amasankha malo otentha, otentha komanso otentha. Amatha kukhala kudera losowa nkhalango zowerengeka, zigwagwa, zigwa zamadzi, komanso madera okhala ndi masamba ochepa. Amatha kukhalanso m'malo otetezeka, madera a nkhalango zamvula, zipululu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta kuchokera kwa oimira nyama zanyama imasankha madera awo ndi malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, furry armadillo ndimakhala kumapiri. Imatha kukwera mpaka kufika pamtunda wamamita 2000-3500 kuposa nyanja.
Omenyera nkhondo sachita manyazi ndi kuyandikana kwa munthu. Ma spadical armadillos amadziwika ndi munthu wodandaula. Nditha kuzolowera kuyandikira nthawi zonse ndi munthu. Ngati amudyetsanso komanso osasonyeza mkwiyo, amatha kusewera naye. Nyama zimatha kukhazikika mwachangu ndikuzolowera chilengedwe chatsopano posintha malo okhala.
Kodi armadillo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mammal Armadillo
Mukakhala m'malo achilengedwe, chimadya chakudya cha nyama komanso zomera. Chakudya chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi armadillos chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Mitundu yambiri ya armadillos ndi ma omnivores. Nkhondo yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi imawonedwa ngati yopanda chitetezo.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya:
Amatha kudya nyama zazing'ono zopanda ana, monga abuluzi. Osanyalanyaza zovunda, zinyalala za chakudya, masamba, zipatso. Mazira a mbalame amadya. Monga zakudya zamasamba, imatha kudya masamba abwino, komanso mizu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu ya njoka. Amawamenya, ndikudula thupi la njoka ndi nsonga zakuthwa za mamba.
Chochititsa chidwi. Munthu m'modzi wamkulu amatha kudya nyerere 35,000 nthawi.
Pofufuza tizilombo, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamphamvu zopanga zazikulu, zomwe zimakumba pansi ndikuzikumba. Akakhala ndi njala, amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndi muzzine pansi komanso masamba owuma. Zovala zamphamvu, zakuthwa zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwawerenge mitengo youma, stumps ndi kusonkhanitsa tizirombo totsamira timene tidabisala pamenepo.
Chochititsa chidwi. Zovala zazikulu, zolimba zimatha ngakhale kuyang'ana phula.
Nthawi zambiri, armadillos amapanga mabowo awo pafupi ndi anthillillions akuluakulu, kotero kuti chithandizo chomwe mumakonda nthawi zonse chimakhala pafupi. Nkhondo yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imatha kudyedwa kwambiri ndi nyerere zamoto. Nyama sizimawopa kuluma kwawoko. Amakumba nyemba, akudya nyerere zambiri ndi mphutsi zake. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, zikafika poti sizingatheke kupeza tizilombo, amasinthira ku chakudya chomera.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Bukhu Lankhondo Lankhondo
Nyama zimakonda kukhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito usiku. Achinyamata amathanso kugwira ntchito masana. Ndi nyengo yozizira komanso kuchepa kwakachepa kwa chakudya, amatha kuchoka m'malo awo ogona masana kukafunafuna chakudya.
Mwambiri, armadillos ndi nyama zapayekha. Kupatula zosowa, khalani awiriawiri kapena ngati gawo laling'ono. Nthawi yambiri yomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, amatuluka ndi nthawi yamdima kukafunafuna chakudya.
Nyama iliyonse imakhala mdera linalake. Armadillos imapanga malo angapo mkati mwa malo awo. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kukhala kuyambira 2 mpaka 11-14. Kutalika kwa bowo lililonse pansi panapangika mita imodzi. M'bowo lililonse, nyamayo imakhala masiku angapo mpaka mwezi umodzi. Mizere nthawi zambiri imakhala yosaya, yopezeka pansi padziko lapansi. Iliyonse ya izo imalowamo chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chosawona bwino atasaka, nyama sizingapeze khomo la nyumba yawo ndikupanga yatsopano. Mukamabowola, nyama zimateteza mitu yawo kuti isamere mumchenga. Miyendo yakumiyendo sikugwira nawo ntchito kukumba mabowo.
Nyama iliyonse imasiyira cholembera chokhala ndi fungo linalake mkati mwake. Chinsinsi chake chimabisidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timakhala timagazi tambiri. Armadillos ndiwosambira kwambiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi chipolopolo cholemera sichimasokoneza kusambira, popeza nyama zimapumira mpweya wambiri, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kumira pansi.
Nyamazo zikuwoneka zopanda chidwi, zosafunikira komanso wodekha. Ngati akuwona zoopsa, amatha kudziyika pansi nthawi yomweyo. Nyama ikachita mantha ndi china chake, imadumphadumpha kwambiri. Ngati, ngozi ikayandikira, gulu lankhondo lilibe nthawi yoti lidzigone pansi, amaligwirira, kubisala mutu, miyendo ndi mchira wake pansi pa chigamba. Njira yodzitetezera iyi imawapangitsa kuti athe kufikira adani awo. Komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuthawa kuthamangitsidwa kumatha kuthamanga kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Achinyamata armadillo
Nthawi yaukwati imakhala nyengo, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha. Amuna akhala akusamalira akazi kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, pakati kumachitika, komwe kumatenga masiku 60-70.
Chochititsa chidwi. Pambuyo pa kupangika kwa mluza mwa akazi, kukula kwake kumachedwetsedwa. Kutalika kwa kuchedwa kotereku kumatenga miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Kuchita koteroko ndikofunikira kuti ana azitha kuwoneka munthawi yabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka ana.
Kutengera ndi mtunduwo, mzimayi wina wokhwima pang'onopang'ono amatha kubereka ana amodzi mpaka anayi mpaka asanu. Kubadwa kwa ana kumachitika mopitilira kamodzi pachaka. Komanso, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a akazi okhwima omwe amatenga nawo mbali satengapo mbali pakubala ndipo sabala mwana. Makanda amabadwa ocheperako. Iliyonse yabadwa imawona ndipo imakhala ndi chipolopolo. Imathilira kwathunthu pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri.
Chochititsa chidwi. Mitundu ina ya nyama, kuphatikiza miyendo isanu ndi inayi, imatha kupanga mapasa amodzi a dzira. Osatengera kuchuluka kwa ana obadwa kudziko lapansi, onsewa adzakhala akazi kapena amuna ndikupanga dzira limodzi.
Maola angapo atabadwa amayamba kuyenda. Kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, anawo amadya mkaka wa m'mawere. Munda wa mwezi, pang'onopang'ono amasiya dzenjelo ndikuphatikizira chakudya chachikulire. Nthawi yakutha msambo kwa amuna ndi akazi imayamba atafika chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Nthawi zina, mkazi akamakhala kuti alibe mkaka, ndipo palibe chilichonse chodyetsa ana ake mwamantha, amatha kudya yekha. Nthawi yayitali yokhala moyo wachilengedwe ndi zaka 7 mpaka 13, ukapolo umachulukana mpaka zaka 20.
Adani achilengedwe a armadillos
Chithunzi: Animal Armadillo
Ngakhale chilengedwe chimapatsa armadillos chitetezo chodalirika, chitha kukhala chovuta cha olusa akuluakulu komanso amphamvu. Izi zikuphatikiza oimira olusa a feline ndi banja la canine. Alligators, ng'ona amathanso kusaka armadillos.
Armadillos saopa kuyandikira kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndimphaka ndi agalu. Komanso chifukwa chakuchotsa nyama ndi munthu. Amaphedwa kuti atulutse nyama ndi ziwalo zina zam'thupi momwe zimapangidwira zokongoletsera ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu awonongeke ndizovulaza ziweto. Malo odyetserako ziweto omwe ali ndi mabowo a armadillos ndi omwe amachititsa kuti miyendo ya ziweto izikwiririka. Izi zimakakamiza alimi kupha nyama.Nyama zambiri zimafa pansi pa matayala agalimoto pamsewu waukulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kumenya nkhondo ku South America
Mpaka pano, mitundu inayi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yomwe ilipo ya armadillos yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse. Akatswiri a zaumoyo akuti imodzi mwa nyamazo, gulu lankhondo lamiyendo itatu, mwina inathetsedwa kale. Izi ndichifukwa chonde chochepa. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azimayi okhudzana ndi kugonana sagwira nawo ntchito yobereka. Mitundu ina ya armadillos imatha kubereka mpaka ana amuna khumi. Komabe, ndi gawo limodzi lokha lomwe limapulumuka.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu aku America adawononga zida zamanja chifukwa cha nyama yokoma, yokoma. Masiku ano, ku North America, nyama yawo imawonedwabe ngati chakudya chabwino. Mu 20-30s m'zaka za zana la 20 adatchedwa anaankhosa ndikupanga nyama m'matangadza, akuwononga nyama. Njira zodzitchinjiriza pogwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo chimawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito anthu, popeza samathawa, koma m'malo mwake, amangodzigudubuza. Chimodzi mwazomwe zachititsa kuti mitunduyi ithe ndikuwonongeka kwachilengedwe ndikuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, komanso kudula mitengo.
Armadillo Guard
Chithunzi: Armadillo kuchokera ku Red Book
Pofuna kuteteza nyamazo ndi kuchulukitsa, zinayi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya nyama zomwe zilipo zidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiiriridwa padziko lonse lomwe lili ndi "mitundu yomwe ili pangozi". M'malo omenyerako nkhondo, kuwonongedwa kwawo nkoletsedwa, ndipo kudula mitengo sikokwanira.
Armadillo ndi nyama yodabwitsa yomwe idatchedwa dzina kulemekeza asitikali aku Spain, omwe anali atavala zida zachitsulo. Amatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi kuti apume kwa mphindi zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mpaka pano, moyo ndi machitidwe a nyama sizinaphunziridwe bwino ndi akatswiri azamanyama.
Mitundu, mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi za armadillos
Nyama izi sizingatchulidwe kuwala, komabe, poyerekeza ndi abale awo akale, anthu amakono ndi onenepa.
Mwathunthu, lero pali mitundu 20 ya armadillos. Chachikulu kwambiri ndi chimphona cha armadillo (Priodontes maximus). Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumakhoza kutalika mita 1.5, chilombo cholemera 30-65 kg, pomwe ma hyplodonts omwe anali atatha adafika kukula kwa chipembere ndipo amalemera 800 kapena kuposa pamenepo. Mitundu ina yotsala inali yayikulu kwambiri mpaka pomwe Amwenye aku South America akale amagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zawo ngati padenga.
Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi lamellar (pinki) armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus). Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupitilira 16 cm, ndipo amalemera magalamu 80-100.
Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri komanso wophunziridwa kwambiri ndi nkhondo yankhondo yamiyendo isanu ndi inayi (chithunzi pansipa).
Pakuwoneka ngwazi zathu, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi gulu lamphamvu lophimba thupi lakumwamba. Imateteza armadillos kwa zilombo ndipo imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa msipu womwe nyama zake zimasambira nthawi zonse. Mtambo wamtunduwu umapangika kuchokera ku khungu ndipo umakhala ndi mafupa kapena mipukutu yolimba, yophimbidwa kunja ndi keratinized epidermis. Zikopa zazikulu komanso zolimba zimaphimba mapewa ndi m'chiuno, ndipo mkati mwa kumbuyo kumakhala mikanda yosiyanasiyana (kuyambira 3 mpaka 13) yolumikizidwa ndi chosinthika chachikopa pakati pawo. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi ubweya wakuda mpaka wakuda pakati pa ma scut.
Pamwamba pamutu, mchira ndi malo akunja a malekezero nthawi zambiri amatetezedwa (mu genus Cabassous mchira sophimbidwa ndi zishango). Pansi pa thupi amakhalabe osatetezedwa mu nyama - amangophimbidwa ndi tsitsi lofewa. Pangozi yaying'ono, zida zamanja zitatu zili ndi mpira ngati ma hedgehogs, ndikusiya mbale zolimba pamutu ndi mchira zokha. Mitundu ina imabweza miyendo yawo pansi pazikopa zachikopa ndi zotupa ndikumakanikizira pansi. Ngakhale zilombo zazikulu kwambiri sizitha kutulutsa chilolezo m'manja mwa zida zamphamvu.
Pacithunzi-thunzi, kumenyedwa kwamiyendo itatu kumadumphira mpira.
Mtundu wa chipolopolo nthawi zambiri umasiyana kuchokera ku chikaso chofiirira, mitundu ina chipolopolo chimakhala cha pinki.
Malingaliro amphamvu ndi kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kumawathandiza kukumba. Pali zala 5 zopindika kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, ndipo pamphumi zawo ziwerengerozo zimasiyana 3 mpaka 5 mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'manja akuluakulu komanso ovala zovala zazitali, zikhadabo zakutsogolo zimakulitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kutsegula ma anthill komanso chithaphwi.
Gulu lankhondo la ku Central America (chithunzi pansipa) lili ndi zikhadabo 5 zakuthwa miyendo, kutsogolo kuli kwamphamvu. Chida chake sichachilendo - amaika miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndi zidendene (kuyimilira-kuyenda), ndipo miyendo yake yakumaso ikupindika.
Kuwona kwa ndewu ndikofunikira. Amagwiritsa ntchito kumva komanso kumva kununkhira kuti adziwe nyama zomwe zimadyera komanso zodya nyama. Kununkhiranso kumawathandizanso kuzindikira abale, ndipo nthawi yakubala amadziwitsa za kubereka kwa akazi kapena amuna. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha amuna - mbolo - ndi imodzi mwamtali kwambiri mwa zolengedwa (mwa mitundu ina imafikira 2/3 ya kutalika kwa thupi). Kwa nthawi yayitali, armadillos amadziwika kuti ndi zolengedwa zokha, kupatula anthu, akukumana moyang'anizana, ngakhale pano asayansi apeza kuti sizili choncho: abambo amakwera zazikazi kuchokera kumbuyo, monga zolengedwa zina zambiri.
Khalidwe la Armadillo
Tiyenera kunena kuti moyo wamitundu yambiri ya armadillos mwachilengedwe sunaphunziridwe bwino, ndipo kuyesera kubereka kwawo chifukwa cha maphunziro ogwidwa sikunaphule kanthu. Asayansi amangodziwa zokwanira za mawonekedwe amiyala asanu ndi anayi, chomwe chinali chinthu chofufuzira zakale kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri, kupatula pokhapokha, imakhala usiku. Komabe, chikhalidwe cha zochitika zitha kusintha ndi zaka. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwachichepere kumatha kuwonekera m'mawa kapena kuzungulira masana. Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yozizira, armadillos nthawi zina amagwira ntchito masana.
Amakhala, monga lamulo, mosawerengeka, nthawi zambiri m'magulu awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'makola awo obisalamo ndipo amangopita usiku kukadya.
Burrows ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha kukhalapo kwa armadillos m'gawo. Patsamba lawo, amakumba kuchokera pa mabowo 1 mpaka 20, lililonse kutalika kwa 1.5-3 mita. Nyama zimakhazikika kuphanga lomwelo kuyambira masiku 1 mpaka 30 mzere. Burrows nthawi zambiri imakhala yosaya, kupita molunjika pansi, kukhala ndi 1 kapena 2 olowera.
Chipolopolo cholemerachi sichilepheretsa nyamazo kusambira bwino. Amadzazidwa kwambiri, kuti asamwe madzi.
Khalidwe
Zida zamiyendo zisanu ndi zinayi ndi usiku kapena nyama zamadzulo. Samachita hibernate, koma kumpoto kwa kapangidwe kake, armadillos ndiyomwe ikuyenda kwambiri nthawi yotentha.
Amakumba tchire, mphuno ndi miyendo. Armadillos imatha kukhala ndi mabowo angapo, kuphatikiza imodzi yopangira nesting komanso yaying'ono ingapo ngati misampha ya chakudya. Nyama izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zouluka ngati ndege zisa. Kuphatikiza pa kukhwima awiriawiri kapena kulera ana, armadillos, monga lamulo, sagawana mizere. Komabe, milandu ya achikulire angapo idalembedwa nyengo yozizira.
Armadillos nthawi zambiri amachitirana nkhanza wina ndi mnzake, ngakhale mayi woyembekezera kapena woyamwitsa amatha kudana ndi ana okulirapo. Pa nyengo yakukhwima, nthawi zina amuna okalamba amakhala ochita zachinyamata. Nkhondo yomenyera nkhondo nthawi zambiri imayang'ana bowo, ndipo ikalowa mkati mwake imakhazikika kumbuyo ndikukutambuzira miyendo yake kuti ikhale yovuta kuipeza.
Kubereka
Nthawi yakukhwima m'mabatani omenyera nkhondo imagwera makamaka m'miyezi yotentha. Kukwatirana kumayambitsidwa ndi chibwenzi chachitali komanso kufunafuna akazi ndi amuna.
Mimba imatenga masiku 60-65. Kukula kwa ana kumakhala kochepa: kutengera ndi mitunduyi, ana amodzi mpaka ana anayi amabadwa. Mitundu yambiri imaberekera kamodzi kokha pachaka, ndipo 1/3 yazikazi m'derali nthawi zambiri satenga nawo mbali pa kubereka. Makanda amabadwa amawona ndipo ali ndi chipolopolo chofewa, chomwe chimawuma kwakanthawi. Kwa mwezi umodzi amadya mkaka wa m'mawere, ndiye kuti amayamba kusiya dzenje ndikuyamba kuzolowera chakudya cha achikulire. Armadillos amakula pofika chaka chimodzi.
Kukula kwachuma kwa munthu: Zabwino
Armadillos, kuphatikizapo armadillos okhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakufufuza zamankhwala, chifukwa amadyetsa protozoa angapo, mabakiteriya ndi bowa, omwe amachititsa matenda a anthu. Ndizofunikira kudya nyama zofunika kuzilala. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwidwa chifukwa cha nyama ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira timatumba tosiyanasiyana.
Adani
Ngakhale armadillos amatetezedwa bwino, amakhalabe pachiwopsezo cha adani. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa nyama zazing'ono: kufa kwa mbadwo wachichepere kumakulirakuwirirapo kuposa kumene akulu. Nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsidwa ndi coyotes, lynxes ofiira, cougars, mbalame zina zodyedwa komanso agalu wamba. Achichepere alibe chitetezo chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kakang'ono ndi chipolopolo. Ndipo mbewa, mbewa komanso zimbalangondo zakuda zimatha kuthana ndi nyama yachikulire.
Kugwirizana kwachuma kwa anthu: Zosayenera
Ngakhale akugwira tizirombo, armadillos ikhoza kuwononga alimi. Amadyetsa mbewu zingapo, kuphatikizapo nandolo, chimanga ndi vwende. Mikwingwirima yawo imakhala yoopsa kwa ziweto zomwe zitha kugwera mwangozi. Kuphatikiza apo, burrows ingafooketse msewu ndi madamu. Armadillos amakhalanso onyamula matenda osiyanasiyana.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Armadillos amakhala kumapiri, zipululu, mapiri atchire ndi mapiri a Central ndi South America. Nkhondo yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi yokha Dasypus novemcinctus wopezeka pakati komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, kumalowera kumpoto mpaka ku Nebraska.
Armadillos amakhala moyo wachisangalalo, wobisala m'matumba masana. Ambiri ndi osakwatira, mabanja ochepa komanso ochepa magulu. Amakhala ndi moyo wonga dziko, amafukula pansi mwangwiro, akudzikumbira mabowo okha ndi kukumba chakudya. Amatha kuthamanga kwambiri, amatha kusambira. Pakakhala ngozi, amathawa, kubisala m'thengo, kapena kuwira mwachangu pansi. Ma armadillos atatu okhala ndi miyendo itatu (Malingaliro) amatha kupinda mu mpira, ngati funde la hedgehog. Ma airways a armadillos ndi opindika ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati mpweya wosungirako, kotero nyama izi zimatha kupumira kwa mphindi 6. Izi zimawathandiza kudutsa matupi amadzi (nthawi zambiri armadillos amangoyenda pansi). Mphepo yomwe imakololedwa m'mapapu imakwanira kulemera kwa chipolopolo cholemerachi, kulola kuti nkhondo iyende.
Ma armadillos ambiri amadya tizilombo, kuphatikizapo nyerere ndi chimbudzi, mphutsi zawo ndi ma invertebrates ena, amathanso kudya zovomerezeka, zina zazing'ono komanso, nthawi zina, zamitundu.
Kusamalira zachilengedwe
Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zida zamanja ngati chakudya. Ndipo masiku ano, nyama yawo imadziwika kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali ku Latin America. Ku North America, nyama zomwe zimadya nyama izi sizili zotchuka masiku ano, komabe, mkati mwakukhumudwa kwambiri kwa zaka za m'ma 30 za zana la 20, anthu amatcha zida zankhondo kuti "Hoover mwanawankhosa" ndikusungira nyama yawo mtsogolo. Njira yodzitetezera yolimbana ndi zilombozi inapangitsa kuti zida zamanja zizigwera anthu. Nyamayo siitha kuthawa, ndipo imapinda mgolo, imakhala yopanda chitetezo.
Koma chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa ziwombankhondo ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo awo chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, adakhumudwitsa alimi ndi ntchito zawo zokumba, nchifukwa chake owafalitsawo adawapha.
Mpaka pano, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yalembedwera mu International Red Book kukhala osatetezeka kapena kuwopsezedwa, chiwopsezo chotsika chikuwonetsedwa mwa mitundu iwiri, ndipo zambiri zinayi sizokwanira asayansi.
Palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudzana ndi moyo wa armadillos m'chilengedwe, koma mwina ndi zaka 8-12. Ali mu ukapolo, maimidwe awo azitali amatalika - mpaka zaka 20.