Magnetic Pole - malo oyenera padziko lapansi, momwe mizere yamphamvu ya mphamvu yapadziko lapansi imayang'aniridwa pamakona a 90 ° pamwamba.
Mtengo wa maginito kumpoto | (2001) 81 ° 18 ′ s. w. 110 ° 48 ′ W d H H G I O L | (2004) 82 ° 18 ′ s. w. 113 ° 24 ′ W d H H G I O L | (2005) 82 ° 42 ′ s. w. 114 ° 24 ′ W d H H G I O L | (2010) 85 ° 00'00 ″ s w. 132 ° 36'00 ″ s d H H G I O L | (2012) 85 ° 54'00 ″ s w. 147 ° 00'00 ″ s d H H G I O L |
Mzimbe wam'madzi waku South | (1998) 64 ° 36'a Y w. 138 ° 30 ′ mu d H H G I O L | (2004) 63 ° 30 ′ S w. 138 ° 00 'c. d H H G I O L | (2007) 64 ° 29'49 ″ Yu w. 137 ° 41'02 ″ c. d H H G I O L | (2010) 64 ° 24'00 ″ Yu w. 137 ° 18'00 ″ c. d H H G I O L | (2012) 64 ° 24'00 ″ Yu w. 137 ° 06'00 ″ c. d H H G I O L |
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi, mitengo yamatsenga si malo amodzimodzi.
Mtengo wa maginito kumpoto
Komwe kumpoto kwa maginito kumpoto sikugwirizana. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, mtengo umakhala pansi pa madzi oundana mkati mwa malire a Canctanan Arctic. Izi zikutifikitsa kuti singano ya kampasi imaloza kumpoto osati kwenikweni, koma pafupifupi.
Tsiku lililonse, mtengo umayenda molumikizana, komanso, umayenda kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo mwachangu pafupifupi makilomita 10 pachaka, motero mgwirizano wake uliwonse ndi wosakhalitsa komanso wolondola. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, mtengo wakhala ukusunthira mwachangu ku Taimyr. Mu 2009, kuthamanga kwa mtengo wamagalamu wakumpoto kunali makilomita 64 pachaka.
Monga mkulu wa bungwe loona za zachilengedwe ku Canada a Unduna wa Zachilengedwe a Malawi a Larry Newitt ananena ku Ottawa mu 2005, maginito a kumpoto kwa Earth, omwe "anali" a ku Canada kwa zaka zosachepera 400, "achoka" m'dziko lino. Mtengo wamagalasi, womwe umatha kuyenda, wakhala pansi pa madzi oundana mkati mwa malire a Canctan Arctic kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 17 ndipo wadutsa malire a Canada mailo 200. Ngati izi ndizolondola, mu 2020 North Magnetic Pole iyenera kulowa mu Arctic yaku Russia.
Polarity
Pachikhalidwe, kutha kwa maginito, kuwonetsa njira yakumpoto, kumatchedwa mtengo wakumpoto maginito, ndi mapeto osiyanitsa - kumwera. Monga taonera pamwambapa, kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wakumpoto wa dziko lapansi ndi mtengo wakumpoto wapadziko lapansi sikungatheke. Chifukwa chake, ngati talakwitsa zinazake, titha kunena kuti kampasi yomwe ili ndi gawo la buluu imaloza kumpoto (kutanthauza kuti magawo a kumpoto kwa Dziko lapansi).
Mitengo ya Geomagnetic
Mitengo ya Geomagnetic ndi malo omwe nkhwangwa yamagetsi yamagetsi (yomwe ili gawo lalikulu pakukweza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lonse lapansi) imadutsana ndi dziko lapansi. Popeza maginito apamwamba ndi mtundu wongoyerekeza wa mphamvu yapadziko lapansi, mitengo yam'madzi ya geomagnetic ndi yosiyana malowa ndi mitengo yamagineti, momwe maginito ake ali 90 °.
Nkhani
Juni 1, 1831 ndi wofufuza wowonera wa ku England James Ross, mwana wa mchimwene wa Kaputeni John Ross mu zisumbu zaku Canada, pa Peninsula ya Butia, pa Cape Adelaide (70 ° 05'00 ″ N 96 ° 47'00 ″ W HG I OL) maginito oyendetsa dziko lapansi kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi apezeka - dera lomwe singano yamagalasi imakhala m'malo oma, ndiye kuti, maginito ndi 90 °. Mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimayesedwa ndi James Ross pamalo omwe akuwonetsedwa anali 89 ° 59 '. Mu 1841, James Ross adazindikira komwe kuli mzere wazam'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi (75 ° 05'00 ″ S lat. 154 ° 08'00 ″ E H G I O L) wokhala ku Antarctica, kudutsa 250 km kuchokera pamenepo. Chipolopolo cha maginito ku Southern Hemisphere chinafikiridwa koyamba pa Januware 15, 1909 ndi David, Mawson, ndi Mackay kuchokera kuthamangitsidwa kwa E. G. Shackleton: pamlingo ndi mgwirizano ndi 72 ° 25′00 ″ S. w. 155 ° 16'00 ″ mu e. H G I O L kukhudzika kwa maginito kunali kosiyana ndi 90 ° ndi ochepera 15 '.
1831: kutsimikiza kogwirizana koyambirira kwamgwirizano wamtundu wamagalasi ku Northern Hemisphere
Mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 19, kusaka koyamba kwa miyala yamphamvu yamagetsi kunachitika potsatira miyeso yachindunji ya maginito oyenda pansi. (Kukopa kwa magnetic - ngodya yomwe kampasi imasowa ikulamulidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi mlengalenga. Zindikirani ed.)
Woyenda panyanja wachingelezi John Ross (1777-1856) anayenda mu Meyi 1829 pa sitima yaying'ono "Victoria" kugombe la England, kupita ku Arctic gombe la Canada. Monga ambiri otsutsana naye patsogolo, Ross akuyembekeza kupeza njira yakunyanja yakumpoto kuchokera ku Europe kupita ku East Asia. Koma mu Okutobala 1830, madzi oundana adazungulira Victoria kummawa kwa chilumbacho, komwe Ross adatcha Land of Booth (polemekeza wothandizira wa ulendowu, Felix Booth).
Wakhazikika mu ayezi pagombe la Dziko Lapansi, Butia Victoria adakakamizidwa kuti azikhala pano nthawi yozizira. Wothandizira wamkulu pa ulendowu anali mwana wa mchimwene wa John Ross, James Clark Ross (1800-18182). Panthawiyo, zinali zodziwika kale kutenga ndi inu maulendo onse ofunikira zida zamagetsi, ndipo James adagwiritsa ntchito izi. M'miyezi yambiri yozizira, adayenda mphepete mwa Butia ndi maginometer ndikuwona maginito.
Amamvetsetsa kuti mtengo wamatsenga uyenera kukhala kwinakwake pafupi - kupatula, singano yamagalasi imawonetsedwa zazikulu kwambiri. Pokonza mfundo zoyeserera, James Clark Ross posakhalitsa adazindikira komwe angayang'anire mfundo yapaderayi motsogozedwa ndi maginito. M'ngululu ya 1831, iye, pamodzi ndi mamembala angapo a gulu la a Victoria, adayenda makilomita 200 kulowera kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Butia ndipo pa Juni 1, 1831 ku Cape Adelaide ndikugwirizana ndi 70 ° 05 ′ s. w. ndi 96 ° 47 ′ W D. adapeza kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zinali 89 ° 59 ′. Chifukwa chake kwa nthawi yoyamba magwirizanidwe amtundu wa maginito ku Northern Hemisphere anali atsimikiza - mwakulankhula kwina, ogwirizanitsa a mtengo wamatsenga waku South.
1841: Kutsimikiza koyamba kwa mgwirizano wa ma pilogu apamwamba ku Southern Hemisphere
Mu 1840, James Clark Ross wokhwima adakwera zombo za Erebus ndi Terror paulendo wake wotchuka wopita ku chimwala champhamvu ku Southern Hemisphere. Pa Disembala 27, zombo za Ross zidakumana koyamba ndi ayezi ndipo pa Chaka Chatsopano cha 1841 zidawoloka Arctic Circle. Posakhalitsa, Erebus ndi Terror anayang'anizana ndi mapaketi oundana omwe amayambira kutsogolo kupita m'mphepete mwa phiri. Pa Januware 5, Ross adapanga lingaliro lolimba mtima kupita kutsogolo, mwachindunji kudutsa ayezi, ndikupita momwe angathere. Ndipo patatha maola ochepa akuwukira koteroko, zombo sizinagwire mwadzidzidzi madzi oundana: Ice pack inasinthidwa ndi madzi oundana omwe anabalalika apa ndi apo.
Pa Januware 9 m'mawa, Ross mosayembekezereka adayamba kupunduka, nyanja yopanda ayezi! Ichi ndi chomwe amapeza koyamba pa ulendowu: anapeza nyanjayi, yomwe pambuyo pake idatchedwa ndi dzina lake, Nyanja ya Ross. Kumbali yakumanja kwa maphunzirowo kunali dziko lamapiri, lakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa lomwe linakakamiza zombo za Ross kuyenda kumwera ndipo zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizikutha. Mukuyenda m'mphepete mwa gombe, Ross, mwachidziwikire, sanataye mwayi wopeza madera akumwera kwambiri kuti apatsidwe ufumu wa Britain, motero Mfumukazi Victoria Land idapezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, anali ndi nkhawa kuti gombe likhoza kukhala cholepheretsa panjira yopita kumalire a maginito.
Pakadali pano, momwe kampasiyo idakulira. Ross, yemwe anali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pakuyeza maginito, adamvetsetsa kuti palibe oposa 800 km omwe amakhalapo mpaka pamagalimoto amagetsi. Palibe amene wamuyandikira pafupi. Posakhalitsa zidawonekeratu kuti Ross sachita mantha pachabe: maginawo anali momveka bwino kwinakwake kumanja, ndipo gombe molimba mtima linatsogolera zombozo kutali ndikulowera kumwera.
Njira idatseguka, Ross sanataye mtima. Zinali zofunikira kwa iye kuti azisonkhanitsa deta yochulukirapo ya magnometric momwe ingathere m'malo osiyanasiyana pagombe la Victoria Land. Pa Januware 28, kuchokerako kunayembekezeredwa ndi kudabwitsidwa kodabwitsa kwambiri paulendo wonse: chiphalaphala chachikulu chodzutsidwa chinakula patali. Pamwamba pake panali mtambo wakuda wautsi, wopakidwa ndi moto, womwe umatulukira kuchokera kumphepo. Ross adatcha volcano uyu dzina lake Erebus, ndipo oyandikana nawo - ochulukirapo komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono - adamupatsa dzina la Terror.
Ross adayesa kupitanso kumwera, koma posakhalitsa chithunzi chosayerekezereka pamaso pake: patsogolo lonse, pomwe diso limatha kuwona, panali mzere woyera, womwe, m'mene umayandikira, unakwezeka koposa! Zombozo zitayandikira, zinaonekeratu kuti patsogolo pawo, kumanja ndi kumanzere, kunali khoma lalikulu lamadzi oundana lokwana 50 metre, lathyathyathya pamwamba, popanda ming'alu kumbali yoyang'ana kunyanja. Mphepete mwa ayezi, lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Ross.
M'mphepete mwa ayezi, lomwe pano amatchedwa Ross
Pakati paFebruary 1841, atayenda mtunda wamakilomita 300 kudutsa pa khoma la ayezi, Ross adaganiza zosiya kuyesanso kupeza njira yodumphira madzi. Kuyambira tsopano, panali msewu wopita kwawo.
Kutuluka kwa Ross sikungaganizike kukhala kopanda phindu. Kupatula apo, adatha kuyesa mphamvu zamagalasi pazinthu zambiri kuzungulira gombe la Victoria Land ndipo potero amayamba kuyimitsa mawonekedwe a mphamvu ya maginito molondola kwambiri. Ross adawonetsera mgwirizano wamtengowu: 75 ° 05 ′ s. sh., 154 ° 08 ′ mu. Mtunda wocheperako wolekanitsa zombo zaulendo wake kuchokera pamalopo anali 250 km okha. Ndiwo muyezo wa Ross womwe ungaganizidwe kutsimikiza koyamba kogwirizana ndi maginito ku Antarctica (North Magnetic Pole).
Kodi nchiyani chikuwopseza kusintha kwa matanda a dziko lapansi?
Choyamba, kusintha kwa mtengo kudzasinthiratu mawonekedwe a dziko lathuli, nyengo, maluwa ndi nyama. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mitengo ndi kayendedwe ka mizere ya lithospheric, ma kontrakitala ayamba kuyenda. Madzi oundana ayamba kusungunuka, kukweza milingo yamadzi a mdziko lapansi, kusefukira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, potero pansi pa madzi padzakhala gawo lalikulu la dzikolo. Kusungunula ayezi kumabweretsa mafunde ozizira ndipo kumapangitsa kuti nyengo isinthe. Ku Siberia, zipilala zimatha kuyamba kukula, ndipo Africa ikugona ndi chipale chofewa. Malo ena adzasefukira konse. Nyanja ya Pacific ikuyenera kupendekera, ndipo Atlantic, m'malo mwake, idzakulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa unyinji wamtundu wa nyama ndi zomera, kutha kukuyembekezereka. Zotsatira zakusunthika kwa ma kontinenti, kumanga mapiri angapo, zivomezi, tsunami, ndi matsoka sizimalamulidwa.
Zikuwoneka kuti zonsezi si nthabwala. Palibe amene anganeneretu zenizeni tsiku lomwe kubisa kwa ma plus kudzachitika, koma, mwachidziwikire, tikulowera izi mwachangu komanso mwachangu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwawonetsero ndikuwonetseratu izi. Mwachitsanzo, chipale chofewa ku UAE, mvula yamphamvu m'chipululu, kutentha kosasinthika ku Australia, komwe kenako kunasintha mwadzidzidzi kukhala mvula yomwe inali isanakhalepo, nyengo yozizira yachilendo ku Russia ndi zina.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake Mars amawonedwa mozama ngati "nyumba yatsopano"; sipadzakhala zomwe zikuchitika Padziko lapansi pano, chifukwa sizimazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Maginito ake amatilola kukhala komweko popanda zomwe zingatiwopseze padziko lapansi. Sipadzakhala kuyenda kwa ma pilospheric mbale ndi zina zambiri.
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Tipitiliza kuphunzira mitu ya tebulo la Januware. Mukufuna chiyani trudnopisaka :
"Kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa mitengo yam'madzi yapadziko lapansi posachedwa. Kafukufuku wazomwe zimayambitsa maphunzirowa.
Mwanjira inayake ndinawonera kanema wotchuka wa sayansi pankhaniyi, wowombedwa pafupifupi zaka 6-7 zapitazo.
Kumeneko, zidziwitso zidawonetsedwa pakuwoneka ngati dera losasangalatsa kum'mwera kwa Atlantic Ocean - kusintha kwa polarity ndi kusagwirizana kochepa. Zikuwoneka kuti pamene ma satellayithi awuluka kudera lino ayenera kuzimitsidwa kuti zamagetsi zisawonongeke.
Inde, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi zikuwoneka kuti njirayi iyenera kuchitika. Inanenanso za mapulani a European Space Agency kuti akhazikitse ma satelita angapo ndi cholinga chofufuza mwatsatanetsatane zamatsenga a Earth. Mwinanso zosowa za phunziroli zidasindikizidwa kale ngati ma sateligi adatha kukhazikitsa za izi? "
Mizati yam'mlengalenga yapadziko lapansi ndi gawo la gawo lathu la maginito (geomagnetic) la pulaneti lathu, lomwe limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka komanso faifi tinthu tating'onoting'ono mkati mwa Dziko lapansi (m'mawu ena, kusinthasintha kwapakati pa dziko lapansi kumatulutsa gawo la geomagnetic). Khalidwe la mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi limalongosoleredwa ndi kutuluka kwazitsulo zamagetsi kumalire a dziko lapansi ndi chovala.
Mu 1600, wasayansi wa ku England, a William Gilbert, m'buku lake "Pa maginito, mphamvu zamatsenga ndi maginito akuluakulu - Earth." Adawonetsa Dziko Lapansi ngati maginito akuluakulu osachiritsika omwe nkhwangwa zake sizigwirizana ndi axir ya kutembenuka kwa Earth (ngodya pakati pa nkhwangwa izi zimatchedwa kutsika kwa maginito).
Mu 1702, E. Halley amapanga mamapu oyamba a Earth. Cholinga chachikulu chakupezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi ndikuti chapakati pa Dziko lapansi pali chitsulo chotentha (chozungulira chabwino cha mafunde a magetsi omwe amapezeka mkati mwa Dziko lapansi).
Mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi imapanga makina oonera zakuthambo, ndipo imafalikira makilomita 70-80,000 motsogozedwa ndi Dzuwa. Chimateteza kumtunda kwa Dziko lapansi, chimateteza ku zinthu zoyipa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, mphamvu zazikulu komanso kuwala kwa chilengedwe, kuzindikiritsa momwe nyengo iliri.
Pofika mu 1635, Gellibrand anazindikira kuti mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi ikusintha. Pambuyo pake zidakhazikitsidwa kuti pali kusintha kwamuyaya komanso kwakanthawi kochepa mu mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi.
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe nthawi zonse ndikupezeka kwa mchere. Padziko lapansi, pali magawo omwe maginito ake amalephera kwambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwazitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Kursk wamatsenga womwe umapezeka kudera la Kursk.
Chomwe chimapangitsa kusuntha kwakanthawi kochepa ka mphamvu kazinthu zakuthambo padziko lapansi ndi kagwiritsidwe ka “mphamvu ya dzuwa”, i.e. kusintha kwa mitsinje ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi Dzuwa. Mphamvu zamatsenga zamtunduwu zimalumikizana ndi maginito a Dziko lapansi, "mkuntho wa mphamvu" umayamba. Kukula ndi mphamvu yamkuntho wamatsenga imakhudzidwa ndi zochitika za dzuwa.
Pakazaka zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri (kamodzi pa zaka 11.5), mkuntho umachitika kuti kulumikizana kwa wayilesi kusokonekera, ndipo singano ya kampasi imayamba "kuvina mosasamala".
Zotsatira za kulumikizana kwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga "mphamvu ya dzuwa" ndi chilengedwe cha Dziko lapansi kumpoto kwa mtunda ndi chinthu monga "aurora borealis".
Kusintha kwa magome am'mlengalenga a Earth (maginito inversion, English geomagnetic reversal) kumachitika zaka chikwi 11.5-12,5. Ziwerengero zina zimanenedwanso - zaka 13.000 komanso zaka 500,000 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo kuwunika komaliza kunachitika zaka 780.000 zapitazo. Zikuwoneka kuti kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Dera la Magnetic Earth ndi chinthu chosakhalitsa. M'mbiri yonse ya dziko lathuli, mphamvu zam'mlengalenga zomwe zasintha padziko lapansi zasintha kuzungulira kwazaka zoposa 100.
Kuzungulira kwa kusintha kwa mitengo ya Earth (kogwirizanitsidwa ndi pulaneti Yomwemwini) kungathe kudziwitsidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi (mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha kwa ma ax a precession), komwe kumakhudza chilichonse chomwe chikuchitika Padziko Lapansi ...
Funso loyenera limakhala kuti: kudikirira liti kusintha kwa maginito apadziko lapansi (kutembenuza maginositi a pulanetiyo), kapena cholendewera mbali ya "yovuta" (malinga ndi malingaliro ena, ndi equator).
Njira yosunthira mizati yamagineti yajambulidwa kwazaka zoposa zana. Zipolopolo zaku North ndi South (NSR ndi SPS) "zimasamukira" nthawi zonse, zikusunthira kutali ndi zolengedwa za Dziko lapansi (mbali ya "cholakwika" tsopano yakhala madigiri 8 kwa NSR ndi madigiri 27 a SPS). Mwa njira, zidapezeka kuti zigawo za dziko lapansi zikuyenda nazonso: nkhwangwa ya pulaneti imasuntha pa liwiro lalitali pafupifupi 10 cm pachaka.
North Magnetic Pole idapezeka koyamba mu 1831. Mu 1904, pamene asayansi adapanga miyeso kachiwiri, zidapezeka kuti mtengo udasuntha mailosi 31. Kampasi yamagalasi imaloza kuchimake, osati yachilengedwe.Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti pazaka chikwi zapitazi, mtengo wamatsenga umasunthira kutali kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Siberia, koma nthawi zina amapita kwina.
Pole ya North Magnetic Pole sikhala chete. Komabe, monga kumwera. Kumpoto koyambirira kwakhala kukuyenda kuzungulira Arctic Canada kwa nthawi yayitali, koma kuyambira 70s ya zaka zapitazi kayendedwe kake kwatenga njira yowonekeratu. Ndi liwiro lomwe likukula tsopano kufika pamtunda wa 46 km pachaka, mtengo unathamangira pafupifupi molunjika ku Russia Arctic. Malinga ndi zonena za Canadian Geomagnetic Service, pofika chaka cha 2050 izikhala m'dera la zisumbu za Severnaya Zemlya.
Kusuntha mwachangu kukuwonetsedwa ndikuti mphamvu yamphamvu yapadziko lapansi pafupi ndi mitengoyo idafooka, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 ndi pulofesa waku France wa geophysics, Gauthier Hulot. Mwa njira, mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi yachepa ndi pafupifupi 10% popeza idayamba kuyesedwa koyamba mu 30s ya 19 century. Zoona zake: mu 1989, nzika za Quebec (Canada), chifukwa choti mizimu yoyendera dzuwa idasweka ndi chishango chazitsulo zamagetsi ndikupangitsa kusokonekera kwambiri pamagetsi amagetsi, adasiyidwa opanda kuwala kwa maola 9.
Kuchokera pa maphunziro a sayansi ya kusukulu, tikudziwa kuti magetsi akuwotcherera wopangirako momwe amayendera. Poterepa, kusuntha kwamilandu kudzatentha ionosphere. Phula limalowa m'malo osalowerera ndendende, izi zimakhudza kayendedwe ka mphepo pamtunda wa 200-400 km, motero nyengo yonse. Kusunthika kwa mtengo wamatsenga kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa zida. Mwachitsanzo, pakatikati patali m'miyezi yotentha sikungakhale kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi. Kugwira ntchito kwa satellite navigation sikudzasokonezedwanso, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya ionosphere, yomwe mwa magawo atsopano siyikugwira ntchito. Geophysicists amachenjezanso kuti pamene North Magnetic Pole ikuyandikira, mafunde ophatikizika adzakulira mzere wamagetsi aku Russia ndi ma grid a mphamvu.
Komabe, zonsezi sizingachitike. Mtengo wakumpoto wa maginito ungasinthe mayendedwe aliwonse kapena kuyimilira, ndipo izi sizingatheke. Ndipo kwa South Pole palibe zonena za 2050 konse. Mpaka 1986, adasunthira mwamphamvu, koma kuthamanga kwake kudagwa.
Chifukwa chake, Nazi mfundo zinayi zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyandikira kapena kubwezeretsa kale m'munda wa geomagnetic:
1. Kutsika kwazaka 2,5 zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa gawo la geomagnetic,
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kukomoka kwa mphamvu m'munda posachedwa,
3. Kuthamanga kothamangitsidwa kwa mtengo wamatsenga,
4. Zomwe zimagawidwa ndi mizere ya maginito, yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi gawo lakukonzekera kulowererako.
Pali kukambirana kambiri pazotsatira zomwe zingachitike pakusintha mitengo ya geomagnetic. Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana - kuchokera pakukonzekera bwino mpaka pakusokoneza kwambiri. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu amatchulapo kuti mazana ambiri obwezeretsa zochitika mu mbiri yakale ya Dziko Lapansi, koma sizinatheke kukhazikitsa ubale pakati pa kuzimiririka kwakukulu ndi masoka achilengedwe ndi zochitika izi. Kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwechi chili ndi mphamvu zambiri zotha kusintha, ndipo njira yolowera mkati imatha kutenga kanthawi, motero pali nthawi yokwanira kukonzekera zosinthazo.
Lingaliro losiyana silimapatula kuthekera kwakuti kubisala kungachitike pamoyo wamibadwo yotsatira ndipo kudzakhala tsoka kwa chitukuko cha anthu. Ndiyenera kunena kuti lingaliro ili limasokonezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwaumboni komanso zopanda umboni. Mwachitsanzo ndi lingaliro kuti mkati mopupulika, ubongo wamunthu umakumana ndi kuyambiranso, wofanana ndi momwe zimachitikira ndi makompyuta, ndipo zidziwitso zomwe zili mkati mwakezo zidzathetsedwa. Ngakhale izi zidanenedwa, malingaliro okhulupilika ndi osavuta kwambiri.
Dziko lamakono ndilotalikirana ndi lomwe linali zaka masauzande zapitazo: munthu adayambitsa mavuto ambiri omwe adapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lopanda chida, losavuta kusungika komanso losakhazikika. Pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti zotsatirapo zakusintha kwenikweni zidzakhala zoopsa kwambiri chitukuko cha padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo kutayika konse kogwira ntchito kwa World Wide Web chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa njira zoyankhulirana ndi wailesi (ndipo zichitikadi panthawi yakusokonekera kwa malamba a radiation) ndichimodzi mwa zitsanzo zamwadzidzidzi wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa njira zoyankhulirana ndi wailesi, ma satellites onse alephera.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi cha kuthana kwa geomagnetic papulaneti lathu, cholumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa maginitogalamu, chimawerengedwa m'mabuku ake aposachedwa ndi Pulofesa V.P. Shcherbakov aku Borok Geophysical Observatory. Munthawi wamba, chifukwa chakuti nkhwangwa ya geomagnetic dipole imayang'aniridwa pang'onopang'ono mozungulira kuzungulira kwa Dziko lapansi, maginito amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chothandiza pakuyenda kwamphamvu kwa tinthu tosunthika kuchokera ku Dzuwa. Pang'onopang'ono, ndizotheka kuti phulusa limapangira gawo lakutsogolo kwa mpendadzuwa pamtunda wotsika momwe ma plasma a dzuwa amatha kufika padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa Dziko lapansi m'malo aliwonse otsika komanso pang'ono, izi zimachitikanso tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo. Ndiye kuti gawo lalikulu ladziko lapansi limakumana ndi mphamvu zowononga maora 24 aliwonse.
Komabe, asayansi aku NASA apereka lingaliro lamabodza la kunena kuti kusintha kwa mtengo kungalepheretse Dziko Lapansi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatiteteza ku zozungulira zam'mlengalenga ndi zoopsa zina zakuthambo. Komabe, mphamvu yamatsenga imatha kufooketsa kapena kukulitsa pakapita nthawi, koma palibe umboni kuti ikhoza kutha kwathunthu. Munda wofooka kwenikweni ungapangitse kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa ma radiation apadziko lapansi, komanso kuwunikira kwa ma auroras okongola pamitunda yotsika. Koma palibe chomwe chiti chichitike moopsa, ndipo mpweya wowoneka bwino umateteza Dziko lapansi kuzinthu zowopsa za dzuwa.
Sayansi imatsimikizira kuti kusintha kwa mitengo - kuchokera pakuwonera mbiri ya dziko lapansi - ndizofala zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono patadutsa zaka masauzande ambiri.
Mitengo yachilengedwe imasinthasintha mosalekeza padziko lapansi. Koma izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimachitika mwachilengedwe. Chizindikiro cha dziko lathuli, chozungulira ngati cham'mwamba, chimafotokoza za cizungulidwe kuzungulira mtengo pafupi ndi zaka pafupifupi 26,000, molingana ndi kusamuka kwa mitengo yachilengedwe, kusintha kwanyengo pang'ono kumachitika. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa mafunde am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amakatentha. Koma Dziko lomwe likung'ambika ndi gyroscope yokhala ndi mphindi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe, mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi chinthu chosagwirizana. kukana zoyesayesa kusintha mawonekedwe a mayendedwe ake. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kokhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka dziko lapansi ndipo, mochulukirapo, "zina zake" sizingayambike chifukwa cha kuyenda kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magma kapena mphamvu yokoka yokhudzana ndi mphamvu iliyonse yapadziko lapansi yomwe ikudutsa.
Nthawi yodabwitsayi imatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati tinthuti tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, tikuyandikira Dziko lapansi mwachangu ma kilomita 100. Choopsa choopsa pa moyo wa anthu komanso padziko lonse lapansi lapansi ndikusintha kwa mizati ya geomagnetic. Mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lathuli, yomwe imawonedwa masiku ano, ikufanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chimtengo chachikulu cha maginito oikidwa pakati pa Dziko lapansi, chizilowera mbali ya kumpoto chakumwera. Ndondomeko yoyenera, iyenera kuyikidwa kuti North Magnetic Pole itayang'ane ndi South Geographic Pole ndipo South Magnetic Pole imayang'anizana ndi North Geographic.
Komabe, izi sizowopsa. Kafukufuku wazaka mazana anayi zapitazi awonetsa kuti mitengo yamagineti imazungulira kuzungulira kwawoko, ikusunthira pafupi madigiri khumi ndi awiri zaka zana zilizonse. Mtengowu umafanana ndi zotchingira pakatikati pa ma kilomita khumi mpaka makumi atatu pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndimitengo ya maginito pafupifupi zaka masauzande mazana asanu, mitengo yamphamvu yapadziko lapansi imasintha malo. Kuwerenga momwe miyala yamiyala yamibadwo yosiyanasiyana imathandizira asayansi kudziwa kuti nthawi yosinthira maginito amatenga zaka zosakwana faifi sauzande. Kudabwitsa kotheratu kwa asayansi omwe akuphunzira moyo wa Dziko Lapansi ndi zotsatira za kusanthula mphamvu zamatsenga zakuyenda kwamtunda wa kilomita, ndikutsanulira zaka 16.2 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo posachedwapa apezeka kum'mawa kwa chipululu cha Oregon.
Kafukufuku wake, wopangidwa ndi Rob Cowie waku University of California ku Santa Cruz, ndi Michelle Privot aku University of Montpelier, adawonetsa chidwi mu geophysics. Zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka ndi mphamvu zakuwala za mwala wophulika zimawonetsa kuti dothi lam'munsi liumitsidwa pamalo omwewo, pomwe chimayambira chimasunthira mtengo, ndipo, pomaliza, pamtunda wina. Ndipo zonsezi zinachitika masiku khumi ndi atatu. Kupeza kwa Oregon kumapangitsa kuti zivomereze kuti mitengo yam'mlengalenga ya Earth ingasinthe malo pazaka zingapo zapitazo, koma milungu iwiri yokha. Nthawi yotsiriza izi zinachitika zaka pafupifupi 700,000 zapitazo. Koma kodi izi zingatiwopseze bwanji tonsefe? Tsopano maginitojeni amaphimba Dziko Lapansi pamtunda wamakilomita chikwi chimodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndipo amatetezedwa ngati chishango panjira ya mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ngati kusintha kwa mitengo kumachitika, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya maginito panthawi yolowerera ikachepa ndi 80-90%. Kusintha kwakukulu kotero kudzakhudza zida zosiyanasiyana zamaluso, nyama zamtchire, komanso, anthu.
Zowona, anthu okhala Padziko Lapansi ayenera kukhala otsimikizika chifukwa chakuti pakubwezeretsa mitengo ya Dzuwa mu Marichi 2001, kuzimiririka kwa maginito sikunalembedwe.
Zotsatira zake, kufalikira kwathunthu kwa zoteteza za Dziko lapansi, kwakukulukulu, sizingachitike. Kubwezera maginito oopsa sikungakhale tsoka padziko lonse lapansi. Kukhalapo kwa moyo pa Dziko Lapansi, komwe kwasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza, kumatsimikizira izi, ngakhale kusowa kwa maginito ndi chinthu chosavulaza nyama. Izi zidawonetsedwa bwino ndi zoyesa za asayansi aku America, omwe mu zaka makumi asanu ndi amodzi adamanga zipinda ziwiri zoyesera. Chimodzi mwa izo chinali chozungulira ndi chinsalu champhamvu chachitsulo, chomwe chimachepetsa kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi kambirimbiri. Chipinda china, malo padziko lapansi adasungidwa. Makoswe ndi clover ndi tirigu anaikamo. Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, zinafika kuti mbewa zomwe zinali m'chipinda chotetezedwa zimataya tsitsi mwachangu ndipo zinafa kale kuposa olamulira. Khungu lawo linali lokwera kuposa nyama za gulu lina. Ndipo iye, potupa, adafinya mizu ya tsitsi, yomwe inali chifukwa cha dazi loyambirira. Zomera m'chipinda chopanda mphamvu zamagetsi, kusintha kunazindikiranso.
Zivutikanso kwa omwe akuyimira ufumu wa nyama, mwachitsanzo, mbalame zosamukira, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wa kampasi yomanga ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamagalamu pozungulira. Koma, kuweruza ndi ma depos, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama mkati mwa kulowetsedwa kwa mizati yamatsenga sikunachitike kale. Zikuoneka kuti izi sizingachitike mtsogolo. Kupatula apo, ngakhale atayenda mopendekera mwamphamvu motani, mbalamezo sizingathe kupirira nazo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zambiri, monga njuchi, zimatsogozedwa ndi Dzuwa, ndipo nyama zoyenda m'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito miyala yamphamvu kwambiri pansi pamadzi kuposa yapadziko lonse lapansi. Makina oyenda, njira zolumikizirana zopangidwa ndi anthu, adzakumana ndi mayeso akulu omwe amawalepheretsa. Makampasi ambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yoyipa - amangoyenera kutayidwa. Koma mukasintha mitengo, pamakhala zotsatira zabwino - ma aurora borealis amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi - pakadali milungu iwiri yokha.
Tsopano, pali malingaliro angapo azinsinsi za chitukuko :-) Wina amatenga izi mozama.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, tikukhala mu nthawi yapadera: kusintha kwa mitengo pa Dziko Lapansi ndi kusinthika kwa dziko lathu lapansi kukuchitika kawiri, komwe kuli dziko lofanana ndi malo anayi mbali zonse. Zotukuka Kwambiri (CC) kuti muchepetse mavuto obwera chifukwa cha ngozi zakuthambo, kusintha kumeneku kumachitika bwino kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino yobweretsa nthambi yatsopano ya Supercivilization of God-manhood. Oimira CC akukhulupirira kuti nthambi yakale ya Anthu siyabwino, chifukwa m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi ikadatha kuwononga pafupifupi kasanu moyo padziko lapansi pakadakhala kuti sikunachitapo kanthu kuti CC ilowererepo.
Masiku ano, pakati pa ophunzira, sagwirizana pa nthawi yomwe kusintha kwa mitengo kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, izi zidzatenga zaka masauzande angapo, pomwe Dziko Lapansi silidzakhala lotetezedwa ku radiation ya dzuwa. Kwina, zimangotenga milungu yochepa kuti musinthe mitengo. Koma deti la Apocalypse, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, akutiuza a Mayans akale ndi Atlanteans - 2050.
Mu 1996, mtsogoleri wotchuka wa sayansi ku America S. Runorn adaganiza kuti zoyeserera kuzungulira sizinayende mochulukirapo kamodzi mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi ndi maginito. Akuwonetsa kuti kupendekera komaliza kwa geomagnetic kunachitika pafupifupi 10,450 BC. e. Izi ndizomwe a Atlantic omwe adapulumuka pambuyo pa chigumula adatidziwitsa, kutumiza uthenga wawo mtsogolo. Amadziwa za kusintha kwakasinthidwe kwakanthawi kazinthu zingapo za Dziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 12,500. Ngati pofika mu 10450 BC e. Onjezani zaka 12,500, ndiye kuti timalandiranso chaka 2050 n. e. - chaka chotsatira mwadzidzidzi tsoka lachilengedwe. Tsikuli linawerengedwa ndi akatswiri pakubweza komwe kuli mapiramidi atatu achiiguputo omwe ali mu chigwa cha Nile - Cheops, Chefren ndi Mikerin.
Asayansi aku Russia amakhulupirira kuti anthu anzeru zaku Atlantic adatibweretsera chidziwitso cha kusintha kwapadera kwa mapiri a Dziko lapansi kudzera mu kudziwa malamulo a kupulumutsira omwe amakhala mwabadwa mwa mapiramidi atatu awa. A Atlanteans, zikuwoneka kuti anali otsimikiza kuti tsiku lina m'tsogolo mwawo chitukuko chatsopano chiziwoneka Padziko Lapansi, ndipo oimira ake adzayambiranso malamulo othandizira.
Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, anali anthu aku Atlantic omwe amatsogolera pakupanga mapiramidi atatu akuluakulu mu chigwa cha Nile. Onsewa adamangidwa pamtunda wamtunda wa 30 kumpoto ndipo amayang'aniridwa ku Kadinolo. Mbali iliyonse yamapangidwewo imayang'ana kumpoto, kumwera, kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Palibe mawonekedwe ena padziko lapansi omwe amadziwika omwe angapangidwe molondola molondola kuzowongolera zakadinolo ndi cholakwika cha madigiri 0,015 okha. Popeza omanga akale adakwaniritsa cholinga chawo, zikutanthauza kuti anali ndi ziyeneretso zoyenera, chidziwitso, zida zoyambira ndi zida zoyambira.
Timapitirira pamenepo. Mapiramidi amaikidwapo pamakadi omalizira ndi kupatuka kwa mphindi zitatu masekondi asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera ku meridian. Ndipo manambala 30 ndi 36 ndizizindikiro za kukhazikitsa! Madigiri 30 a mlengalenga amafanana ndi chizindikiro chimodzi cha zodiac, 36 - kuchuluka kwa zaka komwe chithunzi cha thambo chimasunthira theka.
Asayansi adakhazikitsanso njira zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa piramidi, ngodya za kukhazikika kwa nyumba zawo zamkati, makulidwe akuwonjezereka kwa masitepe ozungulira a molekyulu ya DNA, omwe amapindika molingana ndi zina, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, asayansi, atlants, adaganiza zogwiritsira ntchito zonse zomwe zikupezeka kwa iwo. njira zomwe zidatiwonetsera tsiku lodziwika bwino, lomwe limagwirizana ndi chinthu china chachilendo kwambiri cha zakuthambo. Imabwerezedwa kamodzi pa zaka 25,921. Pamenepo, nyenyezi zitatu za Orion Belt zidakhala pamalo ocheperapo pamwamba pamlengalenga. Biosiyi ili mu 10 450 BC. e. Umu ndi momwe ma sages akale anathandizira kwambiri anthu kuti apezeke tsikuli kudzera m'mabuku a nthano, kudzera pa mapu a gawo la nyenyezi zam'mlengalenga, zojambulidwa mu chigwa cha Nile pogwiritsa ntchito mapiramidi atatu.
Ndipo mu 1993, wasayansi waku Belgian R. Buwell adatenga mwayi pa malamulo a kulowererapo.Mwa kusanthula kwa makompyuta, adawulula kuti mapiramidi atatu akuluakulu ku Egypt adayika pansi pomwe nyenyezi zitatu za Orion Belt zidakhala kumwamba mu 10 450 BC. e., pomwe iwo anali pansi, ndiye kuti, poyambira kayendedwe ka mayendedwe awo kuthambo.
Kafukufuku wamakono wa geomagnetic awonetsa kuti pafupifupi 10450 BC. e. panali kusintha pompopompo kwa matanthwe a Dziko lapansi ndipo diso linasunthira madigiri 30 mosiyanasiyana kuzungulira kwake. Zotsatira zake, dziko la padziko lonse lapansi lidabwera. Kafukufuku wa Geomagnetic wopangidwa kumapeto kwa ma 1980 ndi asayansi aku America, Chingerezi ndi ku Japan awonetsa china. Zoopsa zoyipazi zinkachitika kawiri kawiri m'mbiri ya Dziko Lapansi zaka pafupifupi 12,500! Anali iwo, mwachionekere, omwe adawononga ma dinosaurs, ndi mammons, ndi Atlantis.
Opulumuka pambuyo pa chigumula cham'mbuyomu mu 10 450 BC e. ndipo a Atlanteans, omwe adatitumizira uthenga wawo kudzera mu mapiramidi, adalonjeza kwambiri kuti chitukuko chatsopano kwambiri chidzaonekera Padziko Lapansi kale kwambiri zisanachitike komanso kutha kwa dziko. Ndipo mwina adzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera kukumana ndi tsoka lomwe lili ndi zida zokwanira. Malinga ndi kunena kwina, sayansi yawo inalephera kupeza zofunikira za pulaneti ngati "somersault" ya dziko lapansi ndi madigiri 30 panthawiyi. Zotsatira zake, padasinthika mayendedwe onse a Dziko lapansi ndendende madigiri 30 ndipo Atlantis adapezeka ku South Pole. Ndipo kenako anthu ake onse amangozizira, monga mammore mosakhazikika nthawi yomweyo padziko lapansi. Oimira okhawo a Atlantic omwe akutukuka kwambiri omwe panthawiyo anali padziko lonse lapansi padziko lapansi omwe anali kumapeto omwe adatsala amoyo. Adali ndi mwayi wopulumuka chigumula. Chifukwa chake anaganiza zotichenjeza, ife anthu amtsogolo kwakutali kwa iwo, kuti kusintha kwa mtengo uliwonse kumayendetsedwa ndi "nthawi ina" yadziko lapansi ndi zotsatirika zina.
Mu 1995, maphunziro owonjezera atsopano adachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zopangidwira makamaka mtundu uwu wa kafukufuku. Asayansi adatha kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane pakuwonetseratu kusintha kwa mitengo yomwe ikubwera komanso kuwonetsa mozama tsiku la chochitikachi - 2030.
Wasayansi waku America G. Hancock akuti tsiku la chimaliziro chapadziko lonse layandikira kwambiri - 2012. Amatsimikiza pa imodzi mwa makalendala a chitukuko cha Mayan ku South America. Malinga ndi wasayansi, kalendala iyenera kuti idatengedwa ndi amwenye kuchokera ku Atlanteans.
Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi nkhani ya Long Mayan, dziko lathuli limapangidwa mozungulira ndipo limawonongedwa ndi nthawi 13 ya baktuns (kapena zaka pafupifupi 5120). Kuzungulira kumeneku kunayamba pa Ogasiti 11, 3113 BC. e. (0.0.0.0.0) ndipo idzatha pa Disembala 21, 2012 e. (13.0.0.0.0). A Mayans amakhulupirira kuti patsikuli mathero adziko lapansi adzafika. Ndipo zitatha izi, ngati muwakhulupirira, chiyambi cha kuzungulira kwatsopano ndikuyamba kwa Dziko Latsopano kudza.
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena a paleomagnetologists, mizati yam'mlengalenga yapadziko lapansi yatsala pang'ono kusintha. Koma osati m'lingaliro la philistine - mawa, tsiku lotsatira. Ofufuza ena amatcha zaka chikwi, ena - zikwi ziwiri. Kenako Mapeto adziko lapansi, chiweruzo chomaliza, chigumula, chomwe chafotokozedwa mu Apocalypse, chidzabwera.
Koma anthu adaneneratu kale za kutha kwa dziko lapansi mu 2000. Ndipo moyo umapitilirabe - ndipo ndi wokongola!
Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtengo wamatsenga ku Northern Hemisphere mu 1904
Patha zaka 73 kuchokera pamene James Ross adatsimikizira mgwirizano wa maginito mu Northern Hemisphere, ndipo tsopano wofufuza wotchuka ku Polar ku Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) wachita kafukufuku wazovuta zamphamvuzi. Komabe, kusaka mtengo wapamwamba sikunali cholinga chokha cha kuthamangitsidwa kwa Amundsen. Cholinga chachikulu chinali kutsegula njira yakumpoto chakumadzulo kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Atlantic kupita ku Pacific. Ndipo adakwaniritsa cholinga ichi - mu 1903-1906 adanyamuka kuchokera ku Oslo, kudutsa m'mphepete mwa Greenland ndi Northern Canada kupita ku Alaska pa bwato laling'ono loti "Joa".
Njira ya Amundsen Expedition 1903-1906
Pambuyo pake, Amundsen adalemba kuti: "Ndifuna kuti loto langa la Northwest Sea Route likalumikizidwe mu ulendowu ndi cholinga china chofunikira kwambiri cha sayansi: kupeza komwe kuli maginito komwe kuli."
Anayandikira ntchito yasayansiyi mwakuona zonse ndikukonzekera mosamala kuti ikwaniritse: adaphunzira malingaliro a geomagnetism kuchokera kwa akatswiri otsogola ku Germany, ndipo komwe adapeza zida zam'magamu. Kuchita nawo, Amundsen adayendayenda mdziko lonse la Norway m'chilimwe cha 1902.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu yoyamba yaulendo wake, mu 1903, Amundsen adafika ku King William Island, yomwe inali pafupi kwambiri ndi mtengo wamatsenga. Mphamvu yamagetsi apa inali 89 ° 24 ′.
Ataganiza zokhala pachilumbachi pachilumbachi, Amundsen nthawi yomweyo adapanga malo enieni owoneka bwino a geomagnetic, omwe anapenyerera mosalekeza kwa miyezi yambiri.
Kutentha kwa chaka cha 1904 kunali kodziwika bwino “m'munda” ndi cholinga chofuna kudziwa zolumikizana mogwirizana ndi mtengo. Amundsen adachita bwino ndipo adapeza kuti chimangirizo chimasunthira kumpoto kwenikweni pomwe adapezako James Ross. Zinapezeka kuti kuyambira 1831 mpaka 1904 mtengo wamatsenga unasunthira 46 km kumpoto.
Tikuyang'ana mtsogolo, tikuwona kuti pali umboni kuti nthawi iyi ya zaka 73 mtengo wamatsenga sunangoyenda pang'ono kumpoto, koma adalongosola kuzungulira pang'ono. Pena pofika chaka cha 1850, adayimitsa kaye mayendedwe ake kuchokera kumpoto chakumwera kufikira kumwera chakum'mawa ndipo atangoyambanso ulendo watsopano wakumpoto, womwe ukupitirirabe mpaka pano.
Magnetic pole Drift ku Northern Hemisphere kuyambira 1831 mpaka 1994
Njira yodutsa pamagalimoto aku South molingana ndi zotsatira zaulendo wazaka zingapo
Nthawi yotsatira komwe magawo apamwamba ku North Hemisphere anali kutsimikizika mu 1948. Ulendo wamiyezi yambiri waku fjords waku Canada sunafunike: zitatha izi, tsopano zinali zotheka kuti afike pamalowo maola ochepa - ndege. Panthawiyi, chimwala champhamvu ku Northern Hemisphere chinapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Allen ku Prince of Wales. Kutalika kwambiri apa panali 89 ° 56 ′. Zidadziwika kuti kuyambira nthawi ya Amundsen, ndiye kuti kuyambira mu 1904, mtengo "wabwerera" kumpoto pafupifupi 400 km.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, malo enieni a nyamayi ku Northern Hemisphere (South Magnetic Pole) yakhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse ndi akatswiri a maginito aku Canada omwe amakhala pafupipafupi pafupifupi zaka 10. Kufufuza kwamtsogolo kunachitika mu 1962, 1973, 1984, 1994.
Pafupifupi pamalo pomwe panali maginito mu 1962, malo opangira ma geomagnetic anapangidwa pachilumba cha Cornwallis, m'tauni ya Rezolyut Bay (74 ° 42 ′ N, 94 ° 54 ′ W). Masiku ano, kupita ku South Magnetic Pole ndikungoyenda mwachidule helikopita kuchokera ku Rezolyut Bay. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti popanga njira zoyankhulirana m'zaka za XX, tawuni yakutali kumpoto kwa Canada imapitilizidwa ndi alendo.
Tiyeni tipeze chidwi kuti, polankhula za mizati yam'mlengalenga ya Dziko Lapansi, tikulankhula zazinthu zingapo. Chiyambireni ulendo wa Amundsen, zinaonekeratu kuti ngakhale kwa tsiku limodzi maginitoyi siimayima, koma amayenda "pang'ono" mozungulira msewu wina.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusunthika koteroko, mwachidziwikire, ndi Dzuwa. Mitsinje ya ma cell tinthu tomwe timalumikizidwa ndi mpweya wathu (mphamvu ya dzuwa) imalowa mu mphamvu ya Dziko lapansi ndikupanga mafunde azinthu zamagetsi mlengalenga. Zomwezo zimapanga mphamvu zamagetsi zina zomwe zimakhudza gawo la geomagnetic. Chifukwa cha zosokoneza izi, mitengo yamatsenga imakakamizidwa kuti aziyenda tsiku ndi tsiku. Kutalika kwawo ndi kuthamanga, kumene, zimadalira mphamvu ya kusinthasintha.
Ulendo watsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera kuulendo waku 1994 womwe umadutsa South Magnetic Pole patsiku lopatsa bata (mkati mwake) ndi tsiku logwira ntchito mwamphamvu (chowongolera chakunja) Midpoint ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Ellef Ringnes ndipo imagwirizanitsa 78 ° 18 ′. w. ndi 104 ° 00 ′ z. e .asunthika poyambira pomwe James Ross amayambira pafupifupi 1000 km!
Njira yakuyenda kotereku ili pafupi ndi llipse, ndipo mtengo ku Northern Hemisphere ukupanga mozungulira mozungulira, ndikuwonekera ku Southern Hemisphere - motsutsa. Zotsirizirazo, ngakhale m'masiku amkuntho wamatsenga, zimasiya mzere osapitirira 30 km. Ndodo ku Northern Hemisphere, pamasiku otere, imatha kupita 60-70 km kuchokera kumalire. Pamasiku abata, kukula kwamlifupi kwa mitengo yonseyo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Magnetic pole Drift ku South Hemisphere kuyambira 1841 mpaka 2000
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, mbiri yakale, mayeso amomwe amagwirizanitsa ndi chimanga cham'madzi ku Southern Hemisphere (North Magnetic Pole) yakhala yovuta kwambiri. Chachikulu chifukwa cha kusatheka. Ngati kuchokera ku Rezolyut Bay kupita kumalo opangira maginito ku North Hemisphere kumatha kufikiridwa ndi ndege yaying'ono kapena helikopita m'maola ochepa, ndiye kuchokera kum'mwera kwa New Zealand kupita kugombe la Antarctica ndikofunikira kuuluka zoposa 2000 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndipo muyenera kuchita kafukufuku m'malo ovuta a bara bara. Kuti tiwone bwino kuthekera kwa North Magnetic Pole, tiyeni tibwerere koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Kwa nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa James Ross, palibe amene adalimbikira kufufuza North Magnetic Pole kupita ku Land of Victoria. Woyamba kuchita izi anali mamembala omwe amachoka pa Chingelezi yemwe anali wofufuza polar wa ku England Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874-1922) paulendo wake mu 1907-1909 pa ngalawa yakale ya Nimrod.
Januware 16, 1908 sitimayo idalowa mu Ross Nyanja. Kuyala kwambiri kumtunda kwa Victoria Land kwa nthawi yayitali kunapangitsa kuti asayandikire kugombe. Pokha pa february 12 ndi pomwe zidatha kusamutsa zinthu zofunika ndi zida zamagalometric kupita kumtunda, pambuyo pake Nimrod adabwerera ku New Zealand.
Zinatenga milungu ingapo kuti osaka ma Polar omwe atsalira pagombe amange nyumba zina kapena zovomerezeka. Adaluso khumi ndi asanu adaphunzira kudya, kugona, kulankhulana, kugwira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri. M'tsogolo inali nyengo yozizira ya polar. Nyengo yozizira yonse (ku South Hemisphere imachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi chilimwe chathu), mamembala amtunduwu anali kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi: meteorology, geology, kupima magetsi wamlengalenga, kuwerenga nyanja kudzera muming'alu mu ayezi ndi ayezi weniweniwo. Zachidziwikire, pofika masika, anthu anali atatopa kale, ngakhale zolinga zikuluzikulu za ulendowo zidali patsogolo.
Pa Okutobala 29, 1908, gulu limodzi lotsogozedwa ndi Shackleton lokha lidayamba ulendo wawo wopita ku South Geographic Pole. Zowona, kutuluka kwake sikunamufikire. Pa Januware 9, 1909, mtunda wa makilomita 180 kuchokera ku South Geographic Pole, a Shackleton adaganiza zosiya mbendera pano ndi kutembenuza gululo kuti lipulumutse anthu anjala ndi otopa.
Njira yotsogola ya mtengo wamatsenga ku Antarctica kuyambira 1841 mpaka 2000. Maudindo a North Magnetic Pole omwe adakhazikitsidwa muulendo mu 1841 (James Ross), 1909, 1912, 1952, 2000 akuwonetsedwa. Mabwalo akuda ndalemba malo ena ku Antarctica
Gulu lachiwiri la akatswiri ofufuzira zapa polar, motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wofufuza miyala ndende ku Australia, Edgeworth David (1858-1934), mosadalira gulu la Shackleton, adanyamuka ulendo wopita ku mtengo wamatsenga. Panali atatu a iwo: David, Mawson ndi Mackay. Mosiyana ndi gulu loyambalo, analibe chidziwitso pakufufuza kwa polar. Atachoka pa Seputembara 25, anali atayamba kale kukonza pofika Novembala ndipo, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama kwambiri, adakakamizidwa kuti azikhala pagawo lokakamira. Antarctica anawaphunzitsa maphunziro ovuta. Amakhala ndi ludzu komanso kutopa, adagwa pafupifupi m'phompho lililonse.
Mawson pafupifupi wamwalira pa Disembala 11. Adagwa m'modzi mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo chingwe chodalirika chokha chidapulumutsa moyo wa ofufuzayo. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, woponya mapaundi 300 adagwa pamwala, pafupi kukoka anthu atatu atatopa ndi njala. Pofika Disembala 24, mkhalidwe waumoyo waomwe amafufuza polar anali atakulirakulira, adavulala nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha chisanu ndi kutentha kwadzuwa, ndipo Mackay adayambanso khungu.
Koma pa Januware 15, 1909, adakwaniritsa cholinga chawo. Kampasi ya Mawson idawonetsa kupatuka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera kumunsi kokha mwa 15 ′. Atasiya pafupi ndi katundu aliyense m'malo, adafika pamagalamuwo ndi kuponya kamodzi kwa 40 km. Chipolopolo cha maginito ku Southern Hemisphere of Earth (North Magnetic Pole) chidagonjetsedwa. Atakweza mbendera yaku Britain pamtengo ndikudzijambula, apaulendo anafuula "Hurray!" Katatu A King Edward VII ndipo adalengeza dziko lino ngati chuma cha korona waku Britain.
Tsopano anali ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha - kukhalabe ndi moyo. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa omwe adafufuza polar, kuti apitirizebe ndi kuchoka kwa Nimrode pa 1 february, amayenera kuyenda maola 17 patsiku. Koma anali akadali masiku anayi mochedwa. Mwamwayi, Nimrode yekha adachedwa. Chifukwa chake posakhalitsa atatuwa olimba mtima atasangalatsidwa ndi chakudya chamoto munyanja.
Chifukwa chake, David, Mawson ndi Mackay anali anthu oyamba kukhazikika pamtengo wamatsenga ku Southern Hemisphere, pomwe tsikulo lidali pamlingo wogwirizana ndi 72 ° 25 ′. W., 155 ° 16 ′ mu. d. (300 km kuchokera pamalo omwe anayeza Ross nthawi imeneyo).
Zikuwonekeratu kuti kunalibe mawu onena za ntchito yayikulu yoyezera. Kuyang'ana m'munda mooneka ngati malo okhaokha kudalembedwa kamodzi, ndipo izi zimagwira ngati chizindikiro osati zowonjezera zina, koma kungobwerera mwachangu pagombe, komwe ma Nimrod makabati ofunda amayembekezera ulendo wawo. Ntchito yofunikayi yolumikizirana ndi chimanga cha maginito silingafanane ngakhale pang'ono ndi ntchito ya akatswiri a geophysicists ku Arctic Canada, omwe akhala akuwunikira zaka zingapo kuchokera pamtengo masiku angapo.
Komabe ,ulendo womaliza (kutuluka kwa 2000) unachitika pamlingo wokwera bwino. Popeza North Magnetic Pole anali atachokapo kale kumtunda ndipo anali munyanja, ulendowu unkachitika ndi chombo chonyamula zida zapadera.
Zoyeza zinawonetsa kuti mu Disembala 2000 North Magnetic Pole inali moyang'anizana ndi gombe la Adele's Earth pamlingo woyanjana ndi 64 ° 40 ′ s. w. ndi 138 ° 07 ′ mkati. d.
Gawo lochokera m'bukali: Tarasov L.V. Earthagine. - Dolgoprudny: Nyumba Yofalitsa "Akatiri", 2012.