Lowani pazokambirana

Gawanani ndi anzanu

Anthu ambiri amakonda ziweto, koma si nyumba iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi mphaka kapena galu, ndipo si aliyense amene angayime nayo pazifukwa zaumoyo. Nyama zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungathe kukhala nazo kunyumba, mutatenga nthawi pang'ono kuti musamalire ndi kusamalira, ndiz nsomba zam'madzi. Zosiyanasiyana, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a ziweto izi zimakopa chidwi cha onse akulu ndi ana. Kuti nsomba ikhale ndi nthawi yayitali ndikupereka moyo ku mbadwo watsopano, ndikofunikira kuti athe kuzisamalira moyenera ndikusintha madzi mu aquarium munthawi.

Mitundu yamalo obwezeretsa madzi

Madzi ndiye malo omwe nsomba zimakhazikika, chifukwa mtundu wake, ungwiro ndi zida zamafuta zimagwira. Mwachilengedwe, malo am'madzi amadzisintha, pochita izi pang'onopang'ono, osapanga chisangalalo kwa okhalamo. Zoyenera, nsomba zam'madzi zimasowa zofanana, ndipo ngati zingafunike, zitha kupangidwa. Pali njira zingapo zosinthira madzi mu aquarium:

• posintha zonse zomwe zidalipo,
• posintha chinyezi chochepa ndi chatsopano.

Iliyonse mwanjirazi ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake, kotero kusankha kuyenera kuzindikirika, apo ayi mutha kuvulaza nsomba.

Mu aquarium yatsopano, yomwe imagulidwa nsomba zomwe zilipo, nthawi zambiri kulibe madzi, ndipo isanadzaze moyenera mukasambe mkati mwa thankiyo, kuyeretsa ndi dothi ndi fumbi lomwe linadzaza kale. Pazithandizo zapamtunda, ndikofunikira kuti musagwiritse ntchito zowononga zamphamvu, zotsalira zomwe zimatha kulowa mkati ndikusungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la nsomba zam'madzi.

Ngati mumagula kale madzi am'madzi ndi madzi, zomera ndi nsomba, choyambirira ndikofunikira kufunsa wogulitsa kuti adzaisinthe, ndi momwe angachitire.

Katswiri wodziwa bwino amafotokoza bwino ma nuances onsewo, ndipo ziweto zatsopano zimadziwa bwino chilengedwe chatsopanochi mwachangu kwambiri. Wogulitsa alibe chidziwitso chochulukirapo, ndikofunikira kuti adziwe mtundu wa kusintha kwa madzi ndi nthawi ya njirayi.

Moperewera

Kusintha kwakanthawi kwamadzi kwa nsomba za ku aquarium ndikofunikira, chifukwa zinyalala zochokera m'moyo wa nsomba, zomera, ndi nzika zina zimayamba kudziunjikira, zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito awo. Kukhala ndi malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo am'madzi ndi nsomba zingapo komanso zochepa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zabwino, mutha kusiya madziwo osakhala kwanthawi yayitali osasintha. Ngati nsomba khumi ndi zingapo kapena zingapo zikukhala m'madzimo, ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kusintha malo am'madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuyera kwa zomwe zili m'madzimo.

Zosungira zachilengedwe zilizonse momwe nsomba zimakhalira, ikuyenera kukhala ndi mafunde, yomwe imayambitsa madzi atsopano, ndikupereka kufalikira kwamayenda. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti mapangidwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amayamba, ndipo moyo wonse pang'onopang'ono umafa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa poizoni ndi ma nitrate. Mukasintha pang'ono zamadzimadzi, mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa, zomwe zingakhudze onse okhala m'madzimo, kumbali ina, nsomba zimayamba kufa.

Mantha ochita akatswiri pamsika wama nsomba azisamba zokhudzana ndikusintha madzi ndi zokhudzana ndi chifukwa Pambuyo pa njirayi, kusintha kwa microclimate ndi chilengedwe, ngakhale gawo limodzi lokha lisinthe. Zabwino pankhaniyi ndikuthamanga mwachangu kubwezeretsa kwakhazikika ndikukhazikika kwa onse okhala m'madzimo.

Ngati theka la malo okhala m'madzi asinthidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti zimatenga milungu iwiri kuti mubwezeretse momwe ziliri, ndipo nsomba sizingalolere nthawi imeneyi, ngakhale kufa.

Zokwanira

Popeza pali njira ziwiri zosinthira madzi mu aquarium, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njirayi kapena njirayi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwunika:

• wamba wam'madzi,
• kuchuluka kwa kusefa kwa madzi,
• nthawi yomwe kusintha kwamadzi kumadzi kumapangidwira,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala.

Ngati mungasinthe chilengedwe cham'madzi sabata iliyonse, ndiye mulingo woyenera kwambiri ukhale m'malo mwa 10% ya voliyumu ndipo sipadzakhalanso, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale zochuluka zowonjezera zachilengedwe, kusintha mtundu wa pH. Ngati muchita izi kawiri pamwezi, mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mpaka 20%, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 30%. Nthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amake kumawonjezeka ndikuyamba kuvulaza nsomba. Ngati pakufunika kupanga feteleza aliyense, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe 30% ya madziwo kuti muchotse zinthu zowonjezera zomwe sizikufunikiranso mu aquarium.

M'malo ochepera tikulimbikitsidwa ngati madzi amadzimadzi akumwa, komanso pakukhazikitsa mankhwala omwe anakonzedwa. Kusintha malo opitilira 50% amadzi amadziwona kuti ndi koyipa kwa nsomba. Kusintha kwathunthu kumaphatikizapo kuthira thankiyo, ndikuthira madzi atsopano, pazifukwa zomveka zofunika, awa ndi:

• kukula kwa tchire, komwe kumasanduka vuto lenileni ndipo sikumathetseka mwanjira ina iliyonse,
• kukhalapo kwa fungus ntchofu mu aquarium kapena zinthu zokongoletsa mkati mwake,
• kuipitsidwa kwa dothi ndi chiyambi cha njira yake yopangira acidization,
• kuwoneka m'madzi a matenda omwe amakhudza mbewu ndi nsomba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira madzi konse ndi koyipa kwambiri kwa nsomba ndipo kungayambitse kufa kwawo, koma popanda iwo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana.

Nsomba zomwe zidapanga kale chilengedwe china chake zimasiyidwa ndipo zimakakamizidwa kuzolowera, zomwe zingasiyane kwambiri ndi zomwe zidapita. Zomera zimadutsanso gawo lina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba asinthe, omwe akuwala.

Veterum ya Aquarium: Kuyerekezera mitundu yabwino kwambiri

Ichi ndi ntchito yama batire ambiri opakidwa phukusi la aquarium. Imakhala ndi chikwama momwe zinyalala zimasungidwira. Zimakupatsaninso nthawi ikafika yoti musinthe madzi mumadzi anu popanda zovuta zambiri. Imakhala yowonjezereka kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 cm ndipo imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Mwanjira ina, iyi ndi vacuum pansi yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woyeretsa miyala yomwe ilipo pansi pa gawo lanu.

Pambuyo poti ma aquarium abzalidwe ndi kukhala ndi nsomba, wokonda masewera ayenera kuyesetsa kusunga boma lokhazikika mmenemo. Pa kukula kwa nsomba ndi kupewa matenda angapo, kuphatikizika kwamankhwala ena komanso kwachilengedwenso, kosungidwa zaka zambiri, ndikofunikira m'madzi.

Ndikosavuta kuyeretsa malo anu osasinthira madzi. Ichi ndi chimbudzi chaku aquarium chomwe chimatunga madzi kuchokera ku madzi anu ngakhale atakhala pansi pa kumira. Mtsinje wamadzi womwe umapanga umabweretsa zovuta zomwe zimatunga madzi kuchokera ku aquarium. Mukamayamwa, zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikudzaza mawonekedwe. Choyererapo vutoli chimalakalaka ndikutulutsa madzi pachokha.

Ichi ndiye zida yabwino kwa iwo amene akufuna kusintha madzi m'madzi awo. Izi zowonjezerazi zidzakuthandizaninso kuti siphon, kuyeretsa pansi ndikudzaza thanki yanu. Gwiritsani ntchito adapter yaying'ono ngati ma adapter awiriwo sakugwirizana ndi bomba lanu.

Kukulitsa madzi kuyenera kuchitika pamene ikuphulika, galasi limatsukidwa, ndipo dothi la m'madzi lakhali lopitilira 1 / 5-1 / 3 la voliyumu ya aquarium. Komanso, madzi osinthika pang'ono sayenera kusintha gasi ndi mchere.

Pakulima nsomba kwa aquarium, kusinthitsa madzi akale ndikosowa kwambiri. Ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba, sizisintha kwathunthu. Ndikusintha kwathunthu kwamadzi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi atsopano akwaniritsa magawo onse a hydrochemical ofunikira amtundu wa nsomba omwe alipo kale.

Ichi ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito panjanji ya aquarium yoyeretsa yopezeka ndi malita 50 mpaka 400. Amapereka kuyenda kosavuta komanso kupewa nsomba ndi miyala. Zimakupatsaninso mwayi kuti muyeretse ngodya ndi ngodya za m'madzi anu. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yabwino kukhetsa kwathunthu. Kutalika kwa chitolirochi kuli pafupifupi masentimita 180 ndipo apangidwira nthawi yayitali.

Muyenera kuti muziugwedeza kaye kokwanira kuti mupange limakaniko. Kuti madzi agwire ntchito, onetsetsani kuti miyalayo samakwera kwambiri. Imakhala ndi clip yotsuka kuti isinthidwe mwamphamvu yamagetsi. Ilinso ndi gawo lozungulira komanso lakuthwa m'mphepete, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi woyeretsa kwambiri m'madzi anu. Dongosolo lake loyambira ndilosavuta kwambiri ndipo makulidwe ake amakulolani kuti lizitha kutalika ndi kutalika kwa aquarium.

Sinthani mokwanira madzi am'madzi m'magulu apadera: mukamayambitsa tizilombo tosaoneka bwino, mawonekedwe a fungus ntchofu, maluwa othamanga, omwe samasiya ndi kuzimiririka kwakanthawi kwam'madzi, komanso kuipitsidwa kwadothi. Zomera zimavutika ndi kusintha kwamadzi kotheratu: kusinthasintha kwa masamba ndi kufa kwamasamba. Ngati malo okhala m'madzi akhazikika bwino, ndiye kuti zomera, nsomba ndi mabakiteriya m'nthaka ndi madzi zitha kubwezeretsa fayilo yabwino.

Vala yake yotseka imakulolani kuti muzimitsa malo osungirako madzi, ndikutsanulira chisindikizo ndikuyambitsanso kukhetsa popanda kuyambitsa. Kumbukirani kusamala ndi gawo la madzi mu chidindo. Choyeretsera chotsikira cha pansi pano cha aquarium chimakupatsani mwayi woti muyeretse zosafunika zomwe zili pansi penipeni pa malo anu osatulutsa mchenga ndi miyala. Ili ndi mapaipi awiri osiyana.

Kodi mumafunikira kangati?

Njira yosinthira malo am'madzi mu aquarium imatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi zaka za thanki ya nsomba yokha ndi chilengedwe chopangidwa momwemo. Zaka zitatu zam'madzi zoterezi ndizopadera:

M'malo omwe aquarium idagulidwa posachedwa, ndipo nsomba zatsopano zitakhazikitsidwamo, mbewu zatsopano zidabzalidwa, ndibwino kuti zisasinthe chilichonse kwa miyezi ingapo, kulola kuti pakhale chilengedwe chatsopano. Pankhaniyi, china chake chimatha kusinthidwa ngati gawo lomaliza, ngati kuli kosatheka kuchita popanda icho.

Njira yamadzi ikakhazikika, gawo laling'ono lamadzi limatha kusinthidwa osapitilira kamodzi pamwezi. Voliyumu yovomerezeka imawonedwa kuti ndi 10-20% ya malo am'madzi, omwe ayenera kukhazikika. Njira yatsiku ndi tsiku imawonedwa ngati yosafunika, chifukwa ingasokoneze kukhazikika kwa microclimate mu aquarium, komabe, zochitika ngati izi ndizosowa kwambiri zimakhudzanso thanzi la nsomba ndi zomera.

Nthawi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ikangodutsa, madzi am'madzi amapita kumalo okhwima, koma amasungidwa chimodzimodzi. M'malo momwe mbewu ndi nsomba zizimva bwino, madziwo ndi oyera, makoma amadzimadzi sanadetsedwe, ndibwino kuti musalowererepo, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muziuluka zinthu kuti musinthe madzimadzi.

Ngati Aquarium idakalamba kale, ndipo zachilengedwe zili m'malo okhazikika mpaka zaka ziwiri, ndiye kukonzanso kumalimbikitsidwa, komwe kumakhala pakusintha njira yoperekera madzi oyera ku aquarium. Ndondomeko yoyenera ikukwaniritsa njirazi kawiri pamwezi, kuwonjezera apo, zimakakamizika kuyeretsa dothi, ndipo nthawi zina kuchotsa ndi kuchapa.

Zochita zotsutsana ndi ukalamba zimayenera kukhala pafupi miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pake chisamaliro chibwereranso mumachitidwe ake am'mbuyomu, ndipo chilengedwe chatsopanochi chitha kugwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kupitirira.

Kukonzekera kwamadzi

Gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhazikitsidwa mwapadera okha am'madzi Mukathira madzi osavuta kuchokera pampopi, zimapweteketsa mbewuzo komanso nsomba zomwezo chifukwa cha mpweya wambiri komanso chlorine. Madzi amtunduwu amatha kuyambitsa ma embolism, chifukwa maukamu am'madzi amapezeka m'magazi, ndikutchingira ziwiya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kutseguka kwa zofunda, ndipo posakhalitsa nsomba imwalira. Vutoli limakhudzana ndi mfundo yoti fomula yamadzimadzi siyikupezeka konse H2O, koma zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza anthu okhala m'madzimo.

Kuteteza zolengedwa zam'madzi m'madzi muvuto. madzi ayenera kusungidwa musanagwiritse ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi mpweya komanso mankhwala oyipa atha kupewedwa.

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito madzi am'nyanja kapena amtsinje, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwawotcha mpaka madigiri 80 kuti muchotse tizilombo tonse tonse tangozi. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula pamadzi ambiri kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kolakwika, chifukwa kumakhala kodetsa zambiri, ndipo popanda kusefa bwino, madziwo amangovulaza.

Kusokera kwamadzi kumaganiziridwa kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri pakukonzekera zinthu zodzadza m'madzi. Kutalika kwa nthawi yakukonzekera madzimadzi kudalira zinthu zingapo:

• kuyeretsa kwamadzi m'madzi,
• mtundu wamadzi
• kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa chlorination.

Pazinthu zabwino kwambiri, ndikofunikira kusiya madzi kuti akwaniritse tsiku limodzi, komanso mosasamala kwambiri - masabata awiri. Zinthu zonse zoyipa zimamira ndikukhazikika, ndipo gawo lam'mwambalo limalowa mu nsomba.

Chofunikira pakuthandizira kwamadzi a nsomba za aquarium ndi mtengo wa pH, womwe uyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa 7-8, mitengo ina yonse imawonedwa ngati yopha.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono

Kuti musinthe m'malo mwa madzi mu aquarium ndi manja anu, muyenera kudziwa kayendetsedwe koyenera ndikukonzekera zonse zomwe mukufuna. Kuti mugwire ntchito, muyenera kukhala ndi:

• kukonza madzi oyera ndi ofewa m'chipinda,
• chidebe choyera pomwe nsomba kapena zinthu zokongoletsera zichotsedwapo
• chidebe chosaka nsomba,
• payipi yopopera kuti itulutse madzi mu chimbudzi,
• chosaka kuti ayeretse makhoma a m'madzi kuchokera kumdothi.

Njira yokhazikitsira malo am'madzi mu nyanja yayikulu ndi yaying'ono ndiyofanana, kuchuluka kokha kwa ntchito ndi pafupipafupi momwe amachitira zimasiyana. Ngati mphamvuyo ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti simungathe kusintha madziwo kukhala motalikirapo, pomwe muli ndi aquarium yaying'ono muyenera kuchita izi kawiri pa sabata, ndikukonzanso zosaposa gawo limodzi la magawo amisili.

Sinthani madzi am'madzi munjira zosiyanasiyana.

1. Chotsani zinthu zonse zokongoletsera ndi zida kuchokera ku aquarium.
2. Kuthira madzi pang'ono kumatha kuchitika limodzi ndi nsomba, pomwe madzi akalewo amatukusidwa, pambuyo pake amathira wina watsopano.
3. Ngati pakufunika kusintha gawo lalikulu lamadzi, ndikofunikira kugwira nsomba ndikuziyika mumadzi okonzedwa mumtsuko wina.
4. Madzi ochulukirapo atakunyamulidwa, makhoma am'madzi amayenera kutsukidwa bwino kuti achotse zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zimalowa m'madzimo.
5. Nthaka iyenera kutsukidwa kapena kutsukidwa ndi nsomba ndi zotayidwa zonyalazo. Zomera ndi algae ziyenera kudulilidwa, zakale zimachotsedwa ndi zomwe zilipo kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino.
6. Zinthu zodzikongoletsera zimatsukidwa m'madzi omwe adatulutsidwa kuchokera kumadzi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti titeteze tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
7. Zonse zikakhala kuti zakonzeka, mutha kuthira m'madzi atsopano ndikuyendetsa nsomba mu aquarium. Ngati madera ambiri am'madzi asintha, ndikofunikira kupatsa masiku angapo kuti apangitse mtunduwo kukhala watsopano, ndipo pokhapokha musiyeni nsomba.

Ngati pakufunika kusintha madzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita njirayi molondola, kusankha madzi apamwamba kwambiri, kuyeretsa malo am'madzi, komanso kutsuka zinthu zonse zokongoletsera zomwe zilimo.

Pokhala ndi malonda ochepa pali zovuta zochepa, ndipo mutha kupirira popanda kuyeserera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma aquariums akulu, koma pafupipafupi njira zoterezi zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe si aliyense amene amakonda.

Malangizo

Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi malo okongola okhala ndi nsomba, koma nthawi yochepa yokhala chisamaliro chokhazikika, mutha kuchoka pamalowo ndikubzala mbewu zochuluka zomwe zidzasinthidwe ndikuthandizira kukhalabe mwaukhondo mkati mwa thanki ya nsomba, kukulitsa nthawiyo kuchokera pakusintha kwamadzi kupita ku kwina . Kuonetsetsa malo okhala nsomba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuuma kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity yake. Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsimikiza kuzimira izi mosadalira, chifukwa ndiyofunika kugula pepala lapadera la litmus, lomwe limapereka zonse zofunikira.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kusinthasintha kwa madzi, kuti mafuta awonongeke m'madzi akuda, komanso kuti musavulaze pafupipafupi, chifukwa zosankha zonsezi zidzabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumwalira.

Simuyenera kungodalira malingaliro ndi malingaliro anu pakusamalira nsomba ndikusintha chinyontho kwa iwo, chifukwa pali malamulo omveka bwino omwe amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndi anthu amoyo popanda zovuta komanso chisamaliro chochuluka.

Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungasinthire madzi m'madzi, onani vidiyo yotsatira.

Mukugwiritsiranji ntchito kotsuka katemera wa aquarium?

Ndizoyenera kukhala ndi ma aquariamu akulu ndi ang'ono. Ilinso ndi ntchito yothandiza kwambiri ya siphon. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndikosavuta, muyenera kungogwirizira payipi yoyendetsera siphon kapena kusinthiratu ndi madzi mu aquarium. Zinyalala, zonyowa zam'madzi, ndi zinyalala za chakudya zomwe zingawonongeke ndikuwononga pansipa padziwe lanu. Zinyalala zoterezi zikapanda kutayidwa mwachangu, zitha kupanga zinthu zapoizoni ndikuwononga madzi mu thanki yanu.

Lingaliro lomwe lili pakati pa oyamba kumene akumati za kufunika kosintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi ngati chinthu chofunikira kuti nsomba zizisamalidwa bwino ndizolakwika kwambiri. Kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi mumadzimadzi kumatha kudwala komanso ngakhale kufa kwa nsomba.

Mwambiri, kusintha kwamadzi - ngakhale kusintha kwapakati pa 1/5 m'madzi nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira - kulibe gawo la moyo wa dziwe lamkati. Moyo uno wam'madzi, kutengera luso lathu ndi kukhumba kwathu, ukhoza kukhala masiku angapo mpaka zaka 10-15.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutulutsa zinyalala zonse kapena zambiri poyeretsa madzi anu ndi chimbudzi choyenera. Choyeretsera phukusi la Aquarium ndilothandiza kwambiri komanso zida zofunikira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti musangosunga madzi omwe amapezeka mu malo anu amadzimadzi, komanso kuti mbeu ndi nsomba za m'mizinda yanu zizikhala bwino. Komanso, zikuthandizani kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa madzi akumwa. Choyeretsera chovunda chimatenga madzi ndi pansi.

Choyeretsera vakuyumu chimapanganso belu, lomwe mbali yake ndi yolakalaka, kuchokera ku chubu, komwe zinthu za m'nthaka zidzalekanitsidwa. Zinthu zolemera zomwe zikupezeka mu thanki yanu, monga mchenga ndi miyala, zidzagwa, pomwe zonyozeka, i.e. Zonyowa zonyamula pansi zidzakhuthala.

Kodi pamafunika chiyani? Kusintha kwamadzi ndi 1/5, mpaka malire omwe akudziwika, (kuwonjezera powina osakhala amoyo wamadzi) kugwedeza gawo laling'ono la sing'anga, koma patatha masiku awiri lidzachira. Ndikuluzikulu ya aquarium, imakhala yolimba pokana kukhazikika kwathu.

M'malo mwa theka la sing'anga kumapangitsa kusasunthika kwazofanana, nsomba ndi mbewu zina zitha kufa, koma patatha sabata limodzi kuyambiranso kwanyumbanso kwamkati kudzabwezeretsanso.

Kusintha madzi onse ndi madzi apampopi kumatha kuwononga chilengedwe, ndipo zonse ziyeneranso kuyambiranso.

* Ngati mungaganize zoyamba kuyambitsa malo osungirako nyama, ndipo musanachite chilichonse, koma mukufunitsitsa kukonza chilichonse mwachangu, mwanjira inayake, yambani ndikusunga malita 100-200. Ndiosavuta kukhazikitsa kufanana kwachilengedwe momwemo, kupanga malo okhala, monga ochepa, ndikuwononga ndi zomwe munachita sizingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe mumakhala ma aquarium okhala ndi malita 20-30.

Pseudotrophheus zebra (Pseudotropheus zebra)

Mu aquarium, tiribe nyama zam'madzi ndi zomera, koma malo am'madzi, ndipo ntchito yayikulu yotsogolera m'nyanjayi ndikusunga malo olingana, amoyo munthawi ino, osati nzika zake zokha, chifukwa ngati chilengedwe ndichabwino, ndiye kuti okhalamo azikhala bwino. . Malo omwe amakhala pakapangidwe kake (mbewu zikafesedwa pansi, ndi nsomba yoyamba kukhazikitsidwa patatha sabata imodzi) ndizosakhazikika, chifukwa chake ndizoletsedwa kusokoneza ma aquarium panthawiyi. Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani?

Kwa miyezi iwiri, simungathe kulowa m'malo amadzi: ndiye kuti m'malo mwake ndi theka-tap, ndikungotembenukira kumadzi okhala, ndikupanga wosabala kachiwiri? Munkhokwe yayikulu yamadzi, kusintha kwamadzi kungalepheretse mapangidwe azinthu, pomwe malo ocheperako am'madzi angachititse ngozi zambiri ndipo mudzayambiranso.

M'miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu, malo okhala am'madzi omwe akung'ambika pamadzi adzalowa gawo launyamata. Kuyambira pano mpaka kukonzanso kwathunthu kwamadzi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kubwezeretsa 1/5 ya kuchuluka kwa madzi kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 10, amathanso kuchitika pamwezi. Zikuwoneka kuti anthu okhala m'madzimo safuna kukonzanso chilengedwe, koma malo omwe amafunikira ndikuwonjezera unyamata ndi kukhwima. Pakusintha kwamadzi, mutha kuyeretsa payipi ndi zinyalala kuchokera pansi, kuyeretsa galasi. Tepi yamadzi imawonjezeredwa ku aquarium yokhala ndi mphamvu yoposa 200 l mumtsinje woonda. Pamadziwe ang'onoang'ono, madzi ayenera kutetezedwa m'chipindacho kapena kuwotcha mpaka 40-50 °.

Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kukhazikika kwa malo amayamba. Tsopano, kungolowerera kokha kokhako komwe kungawononge zachilengedwe zomwe zilipo mu aquarium.

Pakatha chaka, ndi nthawi yothandizira malo kuti asakalambe. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa kachulukidwe ka michere m'nthaka, ndiye kuti, yeretsani dothi. Kwa miyezi iwiri ndikusamba dothi nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zinyalala zonse zochotsedwa m'madzi sizipitilira 1/5 ya voliyumu yake mu aquarium, ngakhale malo osungirako nyumba akuluakulu, ndikotheka kutsuka dothi lonse. Koma timakonzanso malo okhala chaka chonse, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi timabwerezanso kugwira ntchito.

Mwanjira imeneyi, kuwonongeka kwa malo kumakhala koletsedwa ndipo malo amadzimadzi amasangalatsa eni ake popanda kuwongoletsa kwazaka zambiri.

"Aquarium. Upangiri wothandiza." V. Mikhailov
Palibe gawo lililonse la nkhaniyi lomwe lingalembedwenso popanda chilolezo cholemba cha wolemba ndi nyumba yofalitsa ya Delta M

Chifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira?

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika mu aquariums a kukula kulikonse ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu:

• Pa moyo wa anthu onse okhala m'madzimo, madzi amadetsedwa pang'onopang'ono (ndi zotsalira za chakudya, cholembera nsomba, zomera zakufa ndi zinthu zina).
• Zosiyanasiyana, zonyansa zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma nitrate m'madzi. Choyamba, ammonia imapangidwa (poizoni wamphamvu wa zinthu zonse zam'madzi). Mabakiteriya omwe amakhala m'madzi, dothi ndi zosefera amaola ammonia kuma nitrites (nawonso ndi poyizoni wamphamvu). Kupitilira apo, mabakiteriya omwewo amasandutsa ma nitrites kukhala nitrate owopsa.
• Popita nthawi, ma nitrate m'madzi amakhala ochulukirachulukira. Bakiteriya sangathenso kuzikonza ndi nayitrogeni.

Zomera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatenga gawo la zinthu zovulaza, zimalekeranso kupirira ma nitrate ambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ziphe zomwe sizinapezeke m'madzi kumawonjezeka.

Zina Chifukwa chachikulu chosinthira madzi ndikukhazikika kwa pH:

• Ma Acid amapangidwa nthawi zonse mu aquarium iliyonse.
• Zinthu zopanda mchere zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi, ma asidi awa nthawi zonse amawola. Ndiye kuti, amasunga mulingo wa acidity / alkalinity wamadzi (pH) pamalo okhazikika.
• Madzi akale a aquarium amataya mchere. Kuchuluka kwawo sikukwanira kale kuwola ma asidi mwachangu.
• Zotsatira zake, acidity yamadzimadzi imayamba kuchuluka kwambiri. Ndipo izi sizikhudzanso mkhalidwe wa okhala m'madzi mu njira yabwino. Ngati acidity yamadzi ikwera pamlingo waukulu, onse adzafa.

M'malo mokhazikika mumabweretsa mchere watsopano m'madzi a aquarium ndipo amakupatsani mwayi woti pH ikhale yabwino.

Kodi ndizotheka kupanga zina?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zosintha zamadzi a aquarium:

• kupatula pang'ono (sikokwanira),
• kusinthitsa kwathunthu.

Kusintha kwathunthu kwamadzimadzi, kusiyanasiyana ndi kusinthika pang'ono, kumakhumudwitsa mayendedwe achilengedwe a m'madzi am'madzi. Zimasintha modabwitsa magawo a chilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kupanikizika kwakukulu mu nsomba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawatsogolera kuti afe.

chifukwa chake kusinthidwa kwathunthu kumalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha pazoyambitsa kwambiri:

• onse okhala m'madzi (nsomba kapena mbewu) ali ndi matenda opatsirana,
• Dothi limakhala lodetsa kwambiri kapena madzi atasuluka /
• fungal ntchofu waoneka (pa makoma a aquarium kapena zida),
• nsomba zikadzamwalira kapena nsomba yayikulu yakufa ikapezeka kumeneko kwa nthawi yayitali,
• kusinthiratu kwathunthu ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya.

Nthawi zina, zimakhala bwino kuchita kusintha kwamadzi komwe kumakhala kofunika.

Mungamvetse bwanji kuti ndikofunikira kuchita cholowa m'malo?

Ubwino wamadzi mu thanki inayake umadziwika ndi zinthu zambiri, ndipo zambiri mwa izo ndizosatheka kuti ziziwoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kudziwa nthawi yochepetsa yosintha madzi.

Poyamba Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso ofotokozera ogulidwa m'masitolo apadera. Ndi thandizo lawo, mutha kudziwa bwinobwino momwe mawonekedwe am'madziwo asinthira ndikusintha.

M'tsogolomu, kutengera kuwerengera kwakanthawi kovomerezeka, zidzakhala zotheka kudziwa dongosolo lokwanira bwino kwamadzimadzi ena a aquarium (kutengera momwe pH ndi ndende ya nitrate imachepera / kuwonjezeka).

• 0,2 pH ndi chisonyezo chovuta mkati momwe sing'anga imayesedwa chokhazikika.
• 40 mg / kg - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa nitrate m'madzi.

Kufunika kopangitsa madzi kusintha mwachangu kumatha kutsimikizika mwakuwona. Zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika:

• chikaso kapena mitambo
• Kusintha kowawa m'machitidwe a nsomba kapena mawonekedwe ake,
• yogwira ntchito zachilengedwe.

Maonekedwe a ntchofu pamakoma ndi zinthu zokongoletsera, kuipitsa kwachilengedwe kumafuna kusinthiratu ndi madzi.

Zokonzedwa

Pali malamulo angapo ovomerezeka pakusintha madzi:

• Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya malo okhala m'madzi samalimbikitsidwa kulowa m'malo amadzimadzi.
• M'tsogolomu, ndibwino kuti mudzichepetse pokhapokha muthetse madzi 20% (osasiyapo gawo la 25%).
• Kusintha pang'ono kungachitike kamodzi pamwezi.
• Mu aquarium okhwima (yomwe ilipo kwa nthawi yoposa chaka), sinthani madzi kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse.
• Kusintha kwathunthu kwamadzi mu aquarium - pokhapokha pangozi.

Kodi ndingafunikire kangati kuti ndithane ndimadzimadzi mu tank ndi 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200 malita?

Kodi muyenera kusintha kangati madzi? Akachulukako kuchuluka kwa m'madzi am'madzi, madziwo amatuluka mwachangu.

Mwambiri, kudalira kumawoneka motere:

• 10l - masiku atatu aliwonse,
• 20l - masiku onse 5-7,
• 30l - masiku 7 mpaka 7,
• 50l - masiku khumi ndi anayi aliwonse,
• 100l - kamodzi pa masabata 2-3,
• 200l. - kamodzi pamwezi.

Kusuntha kosakonzekera

Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofunikira, chifukwa mwina sichingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pazachilengedwe zoyambira pansi pamadzi.

M'malo osakonzekera kudzakhala kofunikira pazotsatirazi:

• mawonekedwe ndi kubalalitsa kwambiri algae yovulaza,
• pezani mawonekedwe owopsa (ammonia, ndevu zakuda, fungus ntchofu):
• fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera kumadzi (lovunda kapena kununkhira kwamatope),
• kuwola kwa nsomba zakufa,
• kubzala mbewu zosayenera,
• Maonekedwe a silika pansi,
• kulowa mu aquarium zinthu zoyipa ndi zinthu.

Kusintha koteroko kuyenera limodzi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zolakwika, kuyeretsa aquarium ndi Chalk, chithandizo cha nthaka.

Madzi ati oti agwiritse ntchito?

Madzi osintha azikhala oyenera kuuma, mchere ndi kutentha:

• Madzi apampopi ali ndi mankhwala ambiri okhala ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kukhala zovulaza kwa onse okhala m'madzi am'madzi. Choyamba - chlorine, ammonia, mchere wambiri. Chifukwa chake, madzi otere ayenera kutetezedwa musanagwiritse ntchito (masiku 2-5).
• Kusefera ndiyo njira yosavuta yotengera kuuma kwamadzi. Madzi okonzedwa kale amasefedwa. Ndi cholinga chomwecho, madzi wamba amaphatikizidwa ndi madzi oundana, mvula kapena chipale chofewa. Amathandizanso kuuma chifukwa cha kuzizira. Madzi ofewa kwambiri amasakanikirana ndi madzi apampopi kapena choko chaching'ono amawonjezera.
• M'masitolo apadera mutha kugula zida zosiyanasiyana kuti muchepetse zinthu zovulaza m'madzi, mitundu yonse ya zolembera ndi zoyeserera. Komabe, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuteteza madzi, ngakhale atamwa mankhwalawa.

Momwe mungasinthiretu ndi mbewu?

1. Bweretsani madzi okhazikika kwa masiku 2-5 kuti mukhale otentha odziwika kwa onse okhala m'madzimo. Ubwino wamadzi ukhoza kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala a litmus omwe agulidwa m'sitolo yapadera.
2. Konzani chidebe choti nsomba zizikhala kwakanthawi (mtsuko, beseni, aquarium yaying'ono, chotengera chilichonse choyenera ndipo sichinakumanane ndi mankhwala apakhomo). Ngati pali ma hydrobionts ambiri, ndikofunikira kusamalira aeration a sedimentator iyi.
3. Pofinyani nsomba pang'ono ndi kapu ya pulasitiki yaying'ono pamodzi ndi madzi. Imirirani galasi m'bokosi losungiramo ndalama, ndikupatsa nsomba kuti zisamukire kunyumba yatsopano.
4. Sinthani mbewu ku chidebe china, kusamalira kuti zisawononge.
5. Chotsani malo ndi dothi la m'madzi, chotsani ndikumatsuka ndi madzi otentha. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsa mulimonse!
6. Zosefera (ngati zilipo) zimafunikanso kuyeretsedwa popanda makina.
7. Pukuta chikho cha m'madzimo ndi nsalu yoyera.
8. Ikani nthaka ndi mawonekedwe mu aquarium.
9. Thirani madzi okhazikika mumadzi, ndikuwongolera madzi.
10. Bweretsani algae ku thanki.
11. Komanso, ndigalasi, mubwerere ku aquarium ma hydrobionts ena onse.

Zomwe zimapangidwira mu aquarium yokhala ndi madzi am'nyanja

Kusintha madzi mumadzi am'madzi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

• Ndikofunika kugula madzi amchere amtundu woyenera m'malo ogulitsira.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito osakaniza ndi madzi osungunuka, omwe mumakumana ndi osmosis.
• Tapa madzi (ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito) akuyenera kusefedwa komanso phindu.
• Madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amadzasintha m'magawo akuluakulu (40-50% ya kuchuluka kwa thanki).
• Kusintha kwamadzi komwe kumakonzedwa kumachitika kamodzi pamwezi uliwonse 1-1.5.
• Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wam'madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso othamanga ndi mchere wamakungwa, ngati pangafunike (muzindikira kuti umasungunuka m'madzi masana).

Zoyenera kuchita kuti musinthe nthawi zambiri?

Kusintha kwamadzi m'malo am'nyanja kumachita ntchito zachilengedwe kuzungulira kwa madzi m'chilengedwe ndikukulitsa mphamvu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mwambowu sungasiyidwe nthawi zambiri.

Komabe, Mutha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwakanthawi m'malo motere:

• gwiritsani ntchito zokutira pamadzi,
• kupewa kuchulukana,
• gwiritsani zosefera zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zida zina,
• Musawononge anthu okhala m'madzi,
• yang'anirani momwe alili ndipo ngati pakufunika kutero, pezani njira zodzitetezera (mukamachiza, chotsani nsomba zakufa ndi mbewu),
• lekani zinthu zakunja ndi zinthu kuti zisalole zachilengedwe,
• gwiritsani nthaka yophika ndi zowonjezera,
• makoma a aquarium ndikakonzedwa ndi madzi osinthika amatha kupukuta ndi njira yapinki ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena njira yamchere yamchere,
• Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi oyipiritsa osiyanasiyana ndi othandizira madzi (ngati mulibe zotsutsana),
• yang'anirani kutentha ndi kuwunikira.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Tsopano pali kusankha kwamitundu yonse yamagetsi am'madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, ma sterilizer a UV ndi zosefera. Akatswiri adziwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali am'madzi, koma monga othandizira. Monga lamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikulepheretsa kusintha kapena kusintha kwa madzi nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri a iwo ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo komanso zoyipa ndipo samalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Kusintha kwamadzi kwathunthu kapena kusinthanitsa pang'ono ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yopitilira kukhalabe ndi moyo m'chilengedwe cham'madzi. Sayenera kunyalanyazidwa. Koma chowopsa kwambiri - kuchita zochitika izi mosaganizira.

Bwanji osintha madzi

Ngakhale mawonekedwe amadzimadzi ali abwinobwino, koma madziwo sanasinthe kwa nthawi yayitali, zinthu zoopsa zimakhazikika mkati mwake. Nthawi zambiri, kulowererapo kwakanthawi kwamadzi mu aquarium kumafunika. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Madzi osasunthika amakhala ndi nitrate yambiri, yomwe imayambitsa thanzi loperewera pakati pa anthu okhala m'malo osungirako komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu omwe akukhala kumenewo asazu.
• Mu madzi osasunthika, michere imatayika yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa acidity. Ndi kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu, anthu okhala m'malo osungirako amatha kufa, mbewu zidzasowa.
• Nsomba zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka, komwe kungayambitse poizoni wa odwala.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochulukirapo a nayitrogeni kumabweretsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe silitha ngati simusintha madzi.
• M'moyo wonse, anthu okhala m'madzi amadetsa malo okhala m'madzi ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndowe, masamba agwa. Popita nthawi, zonsezi zimasandulika kukhala poizoni - ammonia. Ngati simulowa m'malo mwa madzi, njirayo imakulitsidwa.
• Madzi odetsedwa amasandulika msanga posungira mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo.

Mukapanda kusamala ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chamadzi osayenda, mitundu ina ya nsomba imatha kuzolowera moyo, koma posachedwa mliri udzaonekera mu aquarium.

Sinthani pafupipafupi

M'madzi am'madzi, malo okhala am'madzi amayenera kusungidwa omwe angafanane ndi okhala m'madzi. Sichitika msanga madzi atakhazikitsidwa, koma amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kusintha kwamadzi kumadalira nthawi yayitali kuti anthu ake adalamulira komweko, momwe nsomba zimaperekedwera.

Pali malamulo ena omwe amathandizira kuti malo am'madzi azikhala moyenera:

• Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira sidzafunika kusinthidwa.
• Pambuyo pake, ndikusintha kulikonse, sinthani mopitilira 25% ya voliyumu.
• Mpaka chaka, kusinthaku kumachitika pamwezi.
• Mu malo okhala m'madzi opitilira chaka chimodzi chapitachi, chidwi chimalipidwa kuti zisinthe chilengedwe cham'madzi milungu iwiri iliyonse.
• Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse kungafunike panthawi ya nsomba.
• Zosasinthidwa m'malo mwake zimasinthidwa m'malo omwe muli fungo loipa, ntchofu, zotsalira za nsomba zakufa zidapezeka.
• Kusintha kwathunthu kwamadzi athunthu kumachitika pakafunika kutero.
• Pamodzi ndikusintha kwamadzi, muyenera kuyeretsa makhoma osungira, nthaka ndikulabadira mbewu.

Malamulowa sanganyalanyazidwe. Ngati malingaliro awa sanatsatidwe, thanzi la nsomba limayipa. Ngati mumasinthasintha madzi m'madzi, nsomba sizikhala ndi nthawi yopanga microflora yomwe ikufuna.

Sizotheka kukhazikitsa madeti olimba osintha madzi. Mayeso achangu omwe agulidwa pamalo ogulitsira azithandizanso kudziwa momwe zilili m'madzi. Zachilengedwe zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino ngati acidity ili mu 5.5 mpaka 7.5 pH. Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa nitrate mpaka 40 mg pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti madziwo amasintha pang'onopang'ono. Zocheperako thanki, mwachangu. Mu malo osungira madzi, mpaka malita 50 akuyenera kuti azikula masiku asanu aliwonse mpaka asanu. M'matangi kuchokera 100 malita ndi pamwamba, izi zimachitika pakadutsa milungu itatu iliyonse.

Zoyenera Zofunikira

Kusintha madzi m'madzimo sikovuta ngati mumakonzekeretsa zida zofunikira pasadakhale:

• nsomba yoyera kuti nsomba ziikidwe,
• chidebe komwe muyenera kusunthira mwala ndi zokongoletsera,
• maukonde kuti asunge anthu okhala m'madzi,
• madzimadzi kupopa payipi
• nthaka
• chosema kuti ayeretse makhoma a thankiyo,
• bulashi yotsuka zokongoletsera,
• chidebe momwe madzi osinthidwawo adzalumikizana.

Palibe zotchinga zofunika kukonzekera. Ngati ndi kotheka, tengani mankhwala okongoletsera pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya manganese kapena mchere, womwe umatsukidwa.

Momwe mungakonzekere kulowereratu madzi

Kugawa madzi m'madzi kumaphatikizira kukonzekera kwake. Iyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro za kuuma, kutentha ndi mchere kwa anthu am'madzi.

Madzi a papa wabwino ndi "olemera" muzinthu zomwe zimawononga kwambiri anthu am'madzi. Chlorine ndi ammonia zimatsogolera pamavuto. Madzi amatetezedwa pasadakhale kwa maola 12-24. Kusinthasintha kukula, kusungunuka, kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula kumawonjezeredwa kumadzi okhazikika. Ndikothekanso kuchepetsa kuuma kwamadzi ndikusinthidwa ndi kuzizira. Kuchepetsa kwambiri choko.

Kuti muchepetse kuyimitsidwa kowopsa, ma air-air ndi ma sterilizer oyipa kwambiri, mafayilo amapangidwa. Zida zonsezi zimatha kugwira ntchito zothandiza. Musanagwiritse ntchito zoziziritsa mpweya, muyenera kuzolowera malangizo ndikusamala ma contraindication. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamadzi am'madzi amakonda kuteteza madzi ngakhale akamagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera.

Momwe mungasinthire madzi m'madzi

Kusintha kwamadzi mu aquarium kumachitika motere:

• Tengani algae yomwe imakhala kumtunda wakubzala m'miphika. Zomera ziyenera kugwiridwa mosamala kwambiri kuti masamba asatayike komanso mizu.
• Chotsani zinthu zokongoletsera ndi zida kuchokera mu thanki.
• Ikani nsomba mumtsuko wokonzedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite izi ndi ukonde kapena kapu ya pulasitiki kuti nsombazo zizitha kunyamulidwa m'malo amadzi popanda kuvulaza.
• Pakani gawo lamadzi mosamala, nthawi yomweyo fungo la dothi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, osakweza ma densi pamtunda.
• Ngati dothi litatsukidwa bwino ndikuchotsa zinyalala zansomba, ndikofunikira kulabadira mbewu. Mitundu yophulika mwamphamvu. Zakale zimapangidwa kuti zizioneka bwino.
• Zinthu zokongoletsera zimatsukidwa kuchokera ku ntchofu ndi dothi pansi pa mpopi.
• Utoto wobiriwira womwe umapangidwa umachotsedwa pamakoma a aquarium. Mukamayeretsa galasi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chikwangwani chapadera chomwe sichingakande pansi.
• Tsopano mutha kubwerera kumalo a algae, malo okongola ndikudzaza madzi. Chitani izi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kuti musakweze kukayikira.
• Pomaliza, nsomba zimayambitsidwa.

Madzi ukuchulukitsa hafu ya kuchuluka kwa madzi, amasungidwa kwa masiku atatu kuti asinthe mtunduwo ndikungobweza anthu am'madzi. Ndikofunikira kusamalira nsomba zomwe zasinthidwa. Sayenera kumva kuti mwadzaza nyumba zakanthawi, chifukwa chake thankiyo imasankhidwa kukhala yopambana.

Yang'anani! Ngati malo okhala m'madzi asanaipitsidwa kwambiri, mutha kusintha gawo lamadzi osatembenukirana ndi kuwedza nsomba.

Kusintha madzi mumadzi akuluakulu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwa ntchitoyo. Momwe algorithm amachitidwira ndi zofanana ndikusintha kwa madzi m'malo amtsuko.

Ngati pakufunika kuyimitsa kwathunthu

Kusintha kwathunthu kwamadzi mu aquarium kumachitika ngati pali zifukwa zomveka:

• malo am'madzi ndi “ophulika” kwambiri
• ntchofu wawonekera
• chipwirikiti chachikulu
• Zinthu zoopsa zimalowa mu tank
• madzi anasanduka chikaso
• maonekedwe owawa mwa okhala m'madzi,
• kufala kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe.

Yang'anani! Kusintha madzi kwathunthu kumatanthauza kuyambiranso aquarium.

Kuti muchepetse madzi m'malo, kuyang'anira kuwunikira mosamala ndi kuwongolera kwa kutentha ndikofunikira. Simungathe kumwa nsomba. Ndikofunika kupeza mitundu yofunikira ya nkhono zomwe zimadya chakudya cha nsomba, yeretsani makhoma ndipo ndizolongosoka zachilengedwe m'malo amadzi. Zida zosefera ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba komanso zoyenera kutalika kwa aquarium. Madzi akasintha nthawi, imakhudzanso thanzi la nsomba. Malo osambira oyera komanso osamalidwa bwino amasangalatsa komanso amakongoletsa.

Ngati mumakonda nkhaniyo, siyani ndemanga ndikugawana ulalo kwa izo pa intaneti.

Chifukwa chiyani kusintha kwamadzi ndikofunikira?

Kusinthanitsa ndi madzi m'madzi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo madzi am'nyanja. Ndikofunika kutsindika kuti mawuwa nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kubwezeretsanso. Kusintha kwathunthu ndikosowa kwambiri.

Madzi akale amakhala ndi ma nitrate ambiri, omwe samangoyambitsa nkhawa kwa okhalamo osakhalamo osungirako, komanso amachititsa kufa kwa nsomba zatsopano. Kusintha kwakanthawi kwamadzi kumathandiza kuti ma nitrate asakhale otetezedwa kwa ziweto.

Madzi osasunthika amataya michere yokhala ndi acidity yachilengedwe. Kutsika komwe kumakhala madzi amchere, kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri pH. Acidity yayikulu imayambitsa kufa kwa moyo wonse mthupi lanu.

Kusintha kwamadzi kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa NO3, PO4 ndi NH4 ndikuchotsa spgal, nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa kusakhazikika - kusakhazikika kwa mulingo wa CO2, kupitirira ntchito, komanso kugwira ntchito kochepera. Kusintha kwamadzi kumalimbikitsidwanso pochotsa nsomba. Izi zimathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwalawa ku aquarium ndikupewa poyizoni wa "odwala".

Kusintha kwamadzi?

Nthawi zambiri, oyamba kumene akumayenda amasintha njira yosinthira madzi kukhala chozizwitsa, chomwe chimakhala m'malo onsewo. Koma palibe chovuta.

Ngati thankiyo si yoposa 200 malita, ndiye kuti mufunika payipi, ndowa, siphon yokhala ndi peyala, valavu ya mpira. Mwa njira, siphon imatha kumangidwa mwaokha podula pansi pa botolo la lita ndikukulumikiza payipi khosi. Peyala ndi valavu ya mphira yomwe imatulutsa mpweya pakapanikizika ndikuzaza thankiyo ndi madzi.

Ngati palibe peyala, ndiye chitani zotsatirazi. Mukatseka kampopi mbali yomaliza ya payipi, ikani madzi m'mphompho. Tsegulani ndowa ndikuthira madziwo mumtsuko. Bwerezani kangapo. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe, kuthira madzi pamwamba. Ndizomwezo. Zosavuta komanso zachangu.

Ngati aquarium ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuchita mantha. Kusintha madzi kumakhala kosavuta. Simuyenera kuthamanga ndi zidebe ngati muli ndi siphon komanso mphuno yofikira ku sewer. Viyikani mu payipi ndikuyiyika, ndikufinya pansi pa mulingo wamadzi ndi zala zanu ndikuyamba kukwera pamwamba ndi madzi. Tulutsani payipi ndikulowetsa madziwo momasuka.

Kuti mupeze madzi apampopi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito choyenera cholumikizidwa ndi kampopi. Ngati madzi okonzeka adathiridwa, ndiye kuti mudzimangirira ndi pampu.

Momwe amakonzera madzi?

Si chinsinsi kuti madzi apampopi adakungidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, chlorin ndi chloramine zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Yoyamba imavunda pakukhazikika mu maola 24, koma yachiwiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Zimatenga masiku osachepera 7 kuti athetse chloramine m'madzi. Mphamvu othandizira komanso othandizira apadera - dehlorators athandizira kuthana ndi izi. Sungunulani m'madzi ndikudikirira maola awiri. Ena amadzaza madzi apampopi, kenako ndikuwonjezerapo defa. Chifukwa chake ndizothekanso. Ma dehlorators amagulitsidwa m'misika yonse yama pet.

Mankhwala 30% a sodium thiosulfate athandizira kufulumizitsa kuchotsedwa kwa magazi. Amasakanizidwa ndi madzi pamlingo wa dontho limodzi pa malita 10. Ngati sodium thiosulfate ili mu mawonekedwe a ufa, ndiye gramu imodzi ya madzi imafunikira magalamu 15 a chinthu chouma. Zotsatira zake zimawonjezeredwa ku aquarium malinga ndi chiwembu: malita 50 a madzi / 5 ml ya yankho.

Mfundo zochepa

Nawa maupangiri ena owerengeka omwe akutsimikiza kuti azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma dummies a aquarium.

• ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera zothira madzi, ndiye kuti nthawi yocheperako yamadzi ndi masiku atatu,
• mu aquarium yomwe yangoyambitsidwa kumene, madzi samasinthidwa kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu; mu aquarium yaying'ono, poyamba, madzi amatha kusinthidwa kamodzi pamwezi,
• phatikizani kusintha kwa madzi ndi kuyeretsa magalasi, kufinya dothi, kutsuka zosefera, kupatulira mbewu,
• mutha kungolipira madziwo chifukwa chongotuluka popanda kuthira madzi osayenda,
• ngati mugula zoseweretsa zapamwamba zapanyumba, zingakhale zotheka kuthira madzi muasarium popanda kukhazikika,
• Kutentha kwa madzi kuti itsanulidwe ndikuwonjezerapo kuyenera kufanana. Zoyambukira zopitilira 2 madigiri sizivomerezeka,
• ngati madzi ndi ofewa kwambiri, musaiwale kuwonjezera zowonjezera mchere. Zomwezo zikuyenera kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito osmosis yotsuka dongosolo.

Tsopano m'malo mwa madzi mumadzi simumawoneka ngati vuto. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thankiyo yakunyumba yanu ndi malo abwino kukhalapo zomera ndi nsomba.