Wovala tsitsi lakuda ndi mbalame yaing'ono komanso yabwino kwambiri. Wamphongo wamtunduwu amatha kupanga chisa chovuta kuchokera ku udzu ndi ulusi wazomera.
Habitat. Kugawidwa ku Africa.
Habitat.
Wovala tsitsi lakuda amakhala kumadzulo pakati pa Africa, komanso madera ambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Kuti azikhalamo, adakonda ma savannas, makatani a nkhalango, minda ya mgwalangwa, mapaki ndi minda yamasamba. Kuyandikira kwa malo okhala anthu sikuvutitsa mbalameyi, bola ngati pali kasupe wamadzi pafupi. Masana, wovalayo amakhala nthawi yayitali kubisala masamba obisika.
Mitundu: Woweta mutu wakuda - Ploceus cucullatus.
Banja: Zovala.
Dongosolo: Mpheta.
Kalasi: Mbalame.
Subtype: Vertebrates.
Chitetezo.
Mtunduwu sukuwopsezedwa ndikuwonongeka masiku ano. Achibale ena a ovala tsitsi akuda - makamaka omwe amakhala kuzilumba zomwe zili kufupi ndi gombe lakummawa kwa Africa - ali ndi moyo wochepera wopanda chiyembekezo (mwachitsanzo, anthu ochepa oluka ku Seychelles amapezeka pachilumba chimodzi chokha). Koma nthumwi zina za banja looluka, kuphatikiza odziwika kwambiri - owomba ma red, ndizodziwika kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala masauzandi. Popeza owomba nsapato amakonda kudya mpunga ndi tirigu, m'malo ambiri olima amatengedwa ngati tizirombo, kuchezera m'mundamu ndi gulu lalikulu la mbalamezi kungayerekezeredwe ndi vuto la dzombe. Ngakhale alimi ku Africa amapha mamiliyoni a owomba dzanja chaka chilichonse, izi sizikhudza anthu onse.
Moyo.
Wovala tsitsi lakuda sikutanthauza kuti azikhala yekha - m'malo mwake, amapanga magulu ambiri aanthu. Pokhala moyo wokhalitsa, mbalameyi imayesetsa kuti isakhale kutali kwambiri ndi malo omwe ingakhalepo, ngakhale kukafunafuna chakudya. Kupatula nyengo yakukhwima, pamene wothayo akufuna nkhawa kuti akapeza mtengo woyenera kupangira nesting, mbalameyi imakhala malo okhazikika kulikonse komwe kungakhale chakudya ndi madzi okwanira. Wogwiritsa ntchito amayembekeza nthawi yotentha masana mumthunzi wamasamba, nthawi zina akuwuluka kupita kugubu lamadzi. Madzulo, pamodzi ndi abale ake, amakonza matumizidwe osokosera, ndipo kumayambiriro kwausiku, amagona ndipo amagona mpaka mbandakucha. M'mawa ndi masana, wochita kuluka amatanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya. Zakudya za mbalameyi zimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso mphutsi zake, zibakera, mazira komanso maluwa abwino, zina zimadyanso zotsalira zomwe zimapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Pofuna kuti asagwidwe ndi nyama yolusa, wovulalayo amamwa ndikukula pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachangu, osadikira nthawi yachiwiri. Miyendo yake imasinthika bwino onse poyenda pansi, ndikuyenda limodzi ndi nthambi. Wowomba nsalu ndiwouluka bwino kwambiri, wotha kuwonekera mlengalenga ndipo amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Pakati pao owomba nsalu amalankhula mawu akulira kwambiri.
Kubalana.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa owomba nsalu yayamba mpaka nyengo yamvula. Pamalo otsetsereka, mbalame zimapanga magulu awiriawiri, ndikuyamba kupanga zisa. Choyamba, champhongo chimasankha nthambi yoyenera (makamaka ndi mphanda), ndikuyamba kupanga nyumba yaudzu wobiriwira, nthawi zina kuluka tizidutswa ta masamba a kanjedza komweko. Poyamba, mphete yoyimika yolumikizidwa ndi nthambi, ndiye kuti "makoma" amayamba kuyimika mozungulira, ndipo womangayo yemwe ali ndi mano amawunikira mosamala kuti mulibe ming'alu ndipo, ngati pakufunika, abweretse komaliza ndi masamba. Chipinda chodyeramo ndi khomo ndilolumikizidwa ndi chipinda chaching'ono. Ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, yamphongo imayamba kukhwima. Atakhala pampanda moyang'anizana ndi khomo la chisa, amagwedeza mapiko ake mwamphamvu ndikuwawombera. Posakhalitsa, wokondedwa wokongola amatha kulowa chisa, ngati luso la wopanga limayamikiridwa ndi iye, wamkazi amatuluka pachisa ndikulekera mwamunayo kuti apite kwa iye. Pambuyo pokopera, ambuye atsopano amatengedwa kuti agwirizane, akukongoletsa chipinda chodyeracho ndi zidutswa zofewetsa zomera. Pakadali pano, yamphongoyo, itamaliza kuluka khomo lolowera pakhomo, imayamba kupanga chisa chatsopano kukopa chachikazi chotsatira (monga lamulo, munthawi yakukhwima iye amakwanitsa kubereka ana awiri). Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri ndi atatu mosiyanasiyana ndikuwakhomera kwa masiku 12. Atate amathandiza makanda obadwa. Maziko a chakudya cha anapiye ndi tizilombo tambiri, tambiri tomwe timakhala nthawi yayitali. Achichepere amakhalabe mu chisa kwa masiku 17-21, pambuyo pake amaphunzira mwachangu kuwuluka ndikudziyimira pawokha. Mapeto a kuswana amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa madera, ngakhale kuti nzika sizimawuluka patali ndi malo okhala zisa.
Kodi mumadziwa?
- Sikuti owomba nsalu onse amapanga zisa: pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imakhala zisa zakale za abale awo nthawi yakukhwima.
- Akatswiri a Ornithologists amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya wochita mutu wakuda, yosiyanitsidwa ndi maula komanso malo. Mwa amuna osiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyana ya "chigoba" chakuda imayang'aniridwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa nthenga zofiira kuzungulira sikugwirizana.
- Gawo laling'ono lakutsogolo la m'mimba yoluka lili ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono tomwe timathandiza kupera chakudya.
- Mtundu wa khungu la maso a munthu wovala zitsulo umatengera mkhalidwe ndi msinkhu wa munthu. Nthawi yakukhwima, mauna aamuna achikulire amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira kapena wachikaso ndipo amakhala wowala kuposa wamkazi.
- Mitundu ina ya owomba nsalu yasankha mitundu ina ya maluwa - mwachitsanzo, ma stamen, ma pisitili kapena ovary.
- Pofunafuna chakudya, wolumayo amatha kuthana ndi makilomita 60 patsiku.
Blackhead Weaver - Ploceus cucullatus
Kutalika kwa thupi: 15 cm.
Wingspan: 20 cm.
Kulemera: wamwamuna - 41 g.
Chiwerengero cha mazira: 2-3.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe: masiku 12.
Chakudya: tizilombo, mbewu, stamens ndi ovary maluwa.
Kutha msinkhu: chaka chimodzi
Kuyembekezera moyo: zaka 5-6.
Kapangidwe.
Maso. Mwana wamkazi wakuda wazunguliridwa ndi iris wachikaso kapena wofiyira.
Mlomo. Mlomo wamfupi komanso wamphamvu - imvi-yakuda.
Thupi. Thupi limakhala laling'ono komanso lonyowa.
Mapiko. Mapiko owoneka bwino samalola kukonzekera.
Mtundu. Pamutu ndi khosi, nthenga zawo zimakhala zakuda kwambiri, kumbuyo kwake amazikongoletsa ndi chikasu, mbali ndi m'mimba - chikasu chowala ndi tint yofiirira.
Mchira. Mkatikati mwa mchira, nthenga zachikasu zokhazikika zimawonekera.
Miyendo. Miyendo yopyapyala ya mtundu wa pinki sophimbidwa ndi nthenga.
Zala. Zala zitatu zikuyang'ana kutsogolo, wina wabwerera m'mbuyo.
Mitundu yofananira.
Banja lochita kuluka lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 130. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ku Africa, ena amapezeka ku Asia ndi kuzilumba za Indian Ocean. Izi ndi mbalame zochezeka komanso zaphokoso, mitundu yambiri imapanga magulu ambiri omwe amakhala nthawi imodzi. Kuchokera pa maudzu, ulusi wazomera ndi nthambi, oluka amapanga zisa zovuta. Ena m'banjamo ndi amwano, ena ndi amitala. Mitundu ina imakonda kudya mbewu, pomwe zina zimakonda stamens ndi maluwa a ovary.