Nthawi zambiri, anthu amapereka nyama zambiri mayina omveka. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zowala kuchokera ku mtundu wa amphiprions wokhala ndi utoto wake wowala nthawi zonse zimatulutsa zokongola. Kuwona m'madzi akuwoneka tinsomba ting'onoting'ono timabisala m'matenti a anemone, titha kukumbukira mwadzidzidzi bwalo la mabwalo, momwe timavala zovala zowoneka bwino.
Osati ma amphiprion okha omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chithunzi cha zovala. Mwachitsanzo, chokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima itatu pamtambo wachikaso cha lalanje, lalanje. Palinso banja lonse lazovala mwadongosolo la anglerfish (ziwanda zam'nyanja) - nsomba zowoneka bwino kwambiri zokhala ndi mawanga kapena mikwaso. Koma munkhaniyi mungodziwa za nsomba zamtundu wa Amphiprion.
Kodi amphiprions ndi chiyani
Mbawala ya Clownfish, monga nthumwi zonse za banja la Pomocenter (Percussion Order) imakhala ndi thupi lokakamizika, lotalika pang'ono komanso zipsepse za patisiti zomwe zimakhala pamwambapa. Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya zinthu zachilengedwe? M'magawo osiyanasiyana mutha kupeza manambala osiyanasiyana - kuyambira khumi ndi awiri mpaka 28. Izi nthawi zonse ndizovala zowoneka bwino komanso zokhala ndi mikwingwirima (yoyera kapena yakuda) ndi mawanga. Kutulutsa kwa zojambula za ana, komwe wamkulu anali nsomba ya nemo, amphiprions adadziwika kwambiri kuposa kale pakati pa asitikali am'madzi. Zachidziwikire, si mitundu yonse yomwe imapezeka m'mizinda zam'madzi.
Percussion Clown (Amphiprion percula)
Orange amphiprion kapena Clown percula (lat.Amphiprion percula) ndiye nsomba yotchuka kwambiri ya Clownfish:
- Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Indian Ocean ndi kumadzulo kwa Pacific; kumpoto amagawidwa ku chilumba cha Taiwan ndi chilumba cha Japan cha Ryukyu.
- Imapezeka pamiyala yamakhola nthawi zambiri pakuya kwa 3 mpaka 15 metres.
Iyi ndi imodzi mwamakonda kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi. Nsomba zanyanjayi zimabisidwa ku Florida pogulitsa m'madzi amchere amchere kuti akwaniritse zosowa za anthu okonda nsomba zamchere zamchere. Mtengo wake poyerekeza ndi amphiprion ena ndiwokwera kwambiri.
Zithunzi za Clown-perkul:
- Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ake sizisintha ndi zaka,
- Mtundu waukulu ndi lalanje,
- thupilo limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingulo itatu yoyera yoyera kumbuyo kwa mutu, m'mbali komanso kutsogolo kwa mtengo wa caudal.
- Kuphatikiza pa milozo yoyera, kukula kwa malalanje kumakongoletsedwanso ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imakhala pamalire ndipo nthawi zina imalumikiza yoyera,
- pa zipsepse zonse kupatula woyamba dorsal, pali malire akuda owoneka,
- iris ndi lalanje lowala, lomwe limathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa diso.
Mu chithunzi cha nsomba ya Clown Amphiprion percula, mawonekedwe onse amtunduwu amawoneka bwino, ndipo nsombayo idatchedwa dzina, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lalanje (mpaka maso).
Orange amphiprion kapena Clown perkula (lat.Amphiprion percula)
Anemone Amphiprion Ocellaris (Amphiprion ocellaris)
Palinso ena omwe samadziwika kwambiri ndi madzi am'madzi ndi anemone amphiprion (lat. Amphiprion ocellaris) kapena clown ocellaris. Ndiye amene nsomba za nemo, zomwe ndi protagonist wa wotchuka.
Kukula uku kumadziwika bwino ndi chithunzichi:
- Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje wolemera,
- Mikwingwirima itatu yoyera imakhala kumbali: pa thundu ya caudal, pomwepo kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi pakati pa thupi, kuyambira malo pakati pa zipsepse za dorsal. Mzere wamthupi ndiwopangika mawonekedwe.
- Mzere uliwonse woyera umakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, koma koma wowonda wakuda.
- Kutsika kwakuda kumaonekera m'mphepete mwa ndalama iliyonse.
- Mtsinjewo ndi lalanje.
Nsomba iyi ya Clownfish sichikuphatikizika ndi mtundu wina wa anemone ya mnyanja ndipo imatha kukhala ndi synosis ndi ma anemones angapo a nyanja, mwachitsanzo, Stichodactyla mertensii, Heteractis magnifica kapena Stichodactyla gigantea.
Anemone amphiprion kapena clown ocellaris (Amphiprion ocellaris)
Ndi uti mwa ma amphiprion omwe nsomba za Nemo zili m'makatuni?
Colown ocellaris mumtundu komanso makatani ake amawoneka ofanana ndi amphiprion wa lalanje (Clown percussion). Mosaganizira mosasamala, amasokonezeka mosavuta. Koma, ngati mutengera chidwi cha kuchuluka kwakuda mumtundu wamtundu uliwonse, ndiye kuti kusiyana kwawo wina ndi mnzake kumadziwika. Ndipo titha kunena kale ndi chidaliro kuti osayankhula - ichi si amphiprion wa lalanje (percussion), koma ndi anemone amphiprion (ocellaris).
Mtundu wa Clown, ma percula (Amphiprion percula) amakhala akuda kwambiri chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yakuda, yomwe imakhala malo ambiri kumbali za thupi. Amphiprion ocellaris imangokhala ndi ulusi wochepa thupi wakuda kwambiri kuzungulira mikwaso yoyera ndi zipsepse.
Onani chithunzi cha nsomba zowala, zomwe zili pamwambapa ndipo samalani ndi nsomba zosayankhula: mumtundu wake, zakuda zimayimiriridwa ndi mizere yopyapyala.
Mitundu iwiriyi ya amphiprion ndi yaying'ono: abambo nthawi zambiri amakhala osapitirira masentimita 6-7, ndipo akazi ndi okulirapo - mpaka masentimita 11 kutalika.
Chocolate Clown (Amphiprion clarkii)
Clarke clark (Amphiprion clarkii) ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zovala zomwe takambirana pamwambapa. Kutalika kwa amuna kumakhala masentimita 10, ndipo zazikazi ndizokulirapo - mpaka 15 cm.
Nthawi zina amatchedwa zovala zazikasu kapena chokoleti. Mayina oterewa amaphatikizidwa ndi utoto: chikasu cha caudal fin ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda. Takumana kale ndi ma gour chocolate, omwe adalandiranso dzinali chifukwa cha utoto. Koma simukuyenera kuganiza kuti Clark Clark nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni.
Mawonekedwe amtundu ndi mawonekedwe
Chinthu chapadera cha chokoleti cha chokoleti ndikusintha kwa mtundu wake pamene ukukula ndi kukula. Achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wamtambo wamtchire ndipo zipsepse zonse ndizofanananso. Izi zitha kuwoneka mu kanema, yemwe akuwonetsa nsomba za mibadwo yosiyana ndipo, motero, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala zakuda kwathunthu, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi malo. Koma pa msinkhu uliwonse, amakhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yopitilira, matupi awo, omwe ana amakula wakuda. Ndipo zachidziwikire, ulusi wa mchira wake ndi wachikaso.
Nyanja Anemone Kugwirizana komanso Makhalidwe
Palinso chinthu china chachiwiri chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi clark clark kuchokera kuzinthu zina zonse.
Clownfish Amphiprion clarkia ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe ungakhalepo ndi magulu aliwonse am'madzi oyenda m'madzi okwana 10 omwe amatha kukhala ngati opambana.
Pokhala nsomba zokhala ngati zankhondo, zovala zam'makhwala zimatha kuukira chilichonse chomwe, mwakuwona kwawo, chingawopseze ma anemones a nyanja. Zala za Aquarist ndizosiyana ndi izi: munthu wamkulu amatha kuluma mpaka magazi. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Zinazindikiranso kuti kukhala ndi anemone yoyenera ya nyanja, chokoleti chokoleti chimakankhira miyala kutali nayo. Chifukwa chake nsomba imapereka mwayi kwa iwo, ndipo imakhala pafupi ndi anemone yake. Ngati nsomba zowala za m'madzi sizili ndi anemone ya kunyanja, ndiye kuti zimakhala pafupi ndi miyala kapena malo ena okhalamo.
Red Clown (Amphiprion frenatus)
Tomato clown (dzina lachi Latin lotchedwa Amphiprion frenatus), lomwe limadziwikanso kuti clown frenatus, limasiyana ndi ena oimira Amphiprion amtundu wina pakakhala mzere m'modzi yekha. Mzere wopyapyala umakokedwa ndi mzere woonda wakuda ndipo umakhala mbali za mutu, osasokoneza mbali yake yakutsogolo. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi wofiirira kapena malalanje, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka umakhala wakuda. Chifukwa chake, nsomba izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti clown ofiira. Chimakula sichimapitilira masentimita 14 ndipo lero ndi chotchuka kwambiri pakati pa am'madzi.
Tsitsi lofiira kapena la phwetekere (Amphiprion frenatus)
Ana ambiri omwe amabwera ndi zojambulajambula ndi nsomba yayikulu samakhulupirira nthawi yomweyo kuti clown wa phwetekere ndi nsomba zam'madzi zansalu. Malingaliro awo, zovala zake ndizikhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yoyera pazithunzi za lalanje komanso ndi thupi lalitali. Koma tsopano mukumvetsetsa kuti ma amphiprion amabwera amitundu yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizere yoyera ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi thupi lalitali. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi kansalu wofiyira. Malo achilengedwe ake ndi miyala yamiyala pafupi ndi zilumba za Japan (Ryukyu), Indonesia ndi Malaysia.
Masiku ano, kuti akwaniritse zosowa za asitikali am'madzi, pali mafamu apadera omwe ma frenti amamangidwa. Izi nsomba, zopangidwa ndi kuswana kochita kupanga, zimatha kusintha moyo wam'madzi mosavuta kuposa anthu omwe amagwidwa mwachindunji pamiyala yam'nyanja. Ndipo kusamalira nsomba zotere ndikosavuta kuposa anzawo akumtchire.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba za Clownfish frenatus zimatha kukhala mu ubale wofananira ndi mitundu ingapo ya ma sea anemones (sea anemones), zomwe ndi nyama osati mbewu (izi zikuyenera kumvetsedwa). Mu aquarium, frenatus imatha kumva bwino ngakhale popanda anemone, ngati pali malo okwanira ozungulira. Komabe, nsomba zowala za m'madzi zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri pamene mutha kuwona nthawi yomwe ubale wake ndi "anem" wamadzi am'madzi (momwe nsomba "imakhazikika" pakati pamahema a mzake wophiphiritsa).
Mitundu iwiri ya anemones ya mnyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi ku frenatuses mu aquarium: anemone vesicrate kapena vesicrate (Entacmea quadricolor) kapena khrisipi (Heteractis Crispa - anemia letlaloy). Mu kanema pamwambapa, mudawonera phariatus waku aquarium akubisala pakati pa mahema a anemone.
Ubale wa Clownfish ndi anemone
Chinsinsi chachikulu cha nsomba zam'madzi za Amphiprion ndi ubale wawo ndi ma anemones a nyanja, pakati pa mahema omwe amapeza malo abwino. Nsomba zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ma anemone am'madzi amakhala moyandikana kwambiri, koma poizoni yemwe amapezeka ndi mabakiteriya am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi omwe amapha nsomba zazing'ono sizimapha.
Maubwenzi otere, omwe asayansi amatcha matenda a Syimosis, amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso m'magawo:
- Kudziwika koyamba ndi anemone, nsomba zam'mimba zimayamba mwachidule, ngati kuti mwangozi mwakhudza mahema ake, choyamba ndi zipsepse, kenako ndi mbali zawo.
- Ndipo pokhapokha ngati "kukonzekera" kumeneku kumakhudza mnzakeyo mthupi lake lonse.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi “kusuta” koteroko kumatha kutenga kuchokera ku nsomba zingapo kuchokera kwa mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo.
Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodziwika bwino “mwantchito” iyi:
- Pakukhudza koyamba, nsomba imapeza Mlingo wochepa wa poizoni ndipo imayamba kulimbana nayo.
- Kenako, ikukhudza ma tenton a anemone ndi thupi lake lonse, nsomba zam'madzi zodzoledwa zimasungidwa ndi ntchofu, zomwe a anemone amabisa. Mvuu iyi imasakanikirana ndi mbewa zomwe, chifukwa, anemone samawonanso "malo ogona" awo ngati chakudya.
Ndikofunikira kuti nsomba ikhale yolumikizana pafupipafupi ndi "yawo" anemone, apo ayi nkhosweyo yoteteza ku thupi lake imatha, ndipo anemone angadye.
Kodi amphiprion amadyetsa anemone wake wam'nyanja?
Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba yokhala m'madzi yotchedwa aquarium imadyetsa anemone wake. Izi ndichifukwa chowona kuti amphiprion wokhala ndi chidutswa cha chakudya amayesera kubisala mkati mwa tententi ya anemone kuti adye nawo. Ndipo zotsalira za chakudya chake, ngati zikuwoneka, amapita ku ma anemones a nyanja. M'malo mwake, kudyetsa anemone ndi nsomba kumakhalabe, koma samachita mwanjira.
Pomaliza
Ndikofunika kuyang'ananso pazabwino zomwe nsomba zam'madzi ndi ma sea anemone zimagwira.
- Sea anemone ndi nyumba yodalirika komanso yotetezeka kwa nsomba, chifukwa chake amasankha ma anemones akuluakulu okhala ndi mapangidwe akuda, autali komanso osanjika.
- Nsomba zowoneka bwino zimasunthira pakati pa tentpent anemone, ndipo zimapanga mitsinje yamadzi yomwe imachotsa zosafunika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kudziunjikira pakamwa pake.
Amphiprion, kuthawa wolusa, amabisala m'matenti a anemone. Ndipo womuthamangitsayo amakhala chakudya cham'madzi, chomwe chimamupweteka ndi poyizoni. Nthawi zina amphiprion amatenga zotsalira za kupanga anemone.
Malo achilengedwe
Nsomba zachilengedwe zam'madzi zimapezeka kunyanja ya Pacific ndi Indian. Zamoyo zazikulu kwambiri zimapezeka kugombe la East Africa, komanso kugombe la Japan ndi Polynesia. Zovala zam'madzi ndizomwe zimakhala m'matanthwe akum'mawa kwa Africa.
Mu chilengedwe mungapeze mitundu 26 ya amphiprion (Amphiprion), Umu ndi momwe nsomba zimatchulidwira sayansi.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Ma Clown ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono ndipo ogwidwa ukapolo samapitirira kukula kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 11. Ali ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi torpedo lokhala ndi bulge pamphumi. Maso akuda ndi iris yowala. Potanthauza "nsomba zowola" limatanthawuza kukula kwa malalanje, koma pofotokozedwa zingapo dzinali limagwirizanitsa mtundu wonsewo.
Pazaka zilizonse, nsomba ndizopakidwa chimodzimodzi: mikwingwirima yowala ya lalanje, yakuda ndi yoyera palimodzi.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma amphiprion okhala ndi mtundu wakuda wabuluu, komanso wachikaso ndi ofiira.
Forsal fin ya nsomba yansomba imakhala ndi mphako ndipo imakhala ngati wagawika magawo awiri, zipsepse zamakutu ndi zowuma ndipo zimakhala ndi malovu, finyo ya caudal ndi yofewa. Zipsepse zonse zimakhala ndimapayipi yakuda.
Mbali yosangalatsa ya amphiprion ndi kuyankhula kwake. Izi nsomba za ku aquarium zimapangitsa kudina, kukuwa ndi mawu ambiri. Zomwe zimapangitsa nsomba zam'madzi kukhala chiweto chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Zimbudzi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zotchedwa Papua New Guinea ndi malo ena a Pacific ndi Indian Ocean zimapatsa nsomba'zo nyumba, chakudya ndi chitetezo. Pali ambiri a iwo komwe ma anemones a sea anemones a mnyanja amakhala, omwe ma amphiprions ali ndi vuto: mitundu yowala imakopa nsomba zodya nyama, ma anemones am'nyanja amawadya, ndipo zovala zimanyamula zotsalira.
Symbiosis yokhala ndi ma anemones am'nyanja
Kankhanira kamasankha ma anemones am'madzi angapo ngati nyumba - ma coryp polar, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mahema osokoneza bongo omwe amapha malo ozungulira pakamwa. Zimalowetsedwa ndi ulusi wa ulusi woluma (nematocysts) womwe umasunga chakupha chomwe chitha kupha nsomba yaying'ono kapena crustacean.
Modabwitsa, anemone sikuvulaza nsomba zowola. Msonkhano woyamba, poizoni amalowa pakhungu la amphiprion ndi ntchofu wake. Thupi la nsomba limayankha mwachangu chidwi chake ndikuyamba kusadwala. Mwanjira imeneyi, anemone ya munyanja imatetezedwa kuti isasokonekere. Pakangopita mphindi zochepa, ammadzi am'nyanja samamvanso zonenepa ngati chakudya. Kusakaniza kwa ntchofu ndi chinthu chakumwa ndi mtundu wamtundu womwe umalola ma anemones kutenga nsomba zokhala ngati "zawo". Kuphatikizidwa kwa poizyiyu ndi kwapadera pa polyp iliyonse, chifukwa nsomba zamadukidwe zimayesa kuti zisasiyane ndi nyama yam'mimba yomwe iwazolowere.
Nsomba ya anemone ya kunyanja ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndizomwe zimapereka chithunzi cha ubale wotchedwa commensalism.. Ili ndiye gawo loyambirira la matenda amisili, momwe mumathandizirana, koma palibe kudalira kwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Ma anemones a sea sea amabisa clown pachiwopsezo pakati pamahema awo ambiri, ma amphiprion amayendetsa zilombo zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, nsomba ya gulugufe, kuchokera polyp.
Ali muukapolo, zovala zake "zimapanga ubwenzi" ngakhale ndi green anemone yamnyanja yobiriwira, yomwe imapha kwambiri pakati pamitundu yamadzi.
Kufotokozera
Awa ndi nsomba yaying'ono yokhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso mindindo yofewa yozungulira. Thupi lake limakhala lakuthwa, lotakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino: mawanga oyera okhala ndi malire wakuda pamaso owala a lalanje kapena ofiira. Nsomba za Clown zimakhala ndi zipsepse zomveka bwino, makamaka mchira wa pectoral, wamtambo. Phokoso limazunguliranso, kamwa limakhala pakati, chibwano cham'munsi chimawoneka chachikulu kwambiri kuposa chapamwamba. Pofotokozera mawonekedwe, mutha kuwerengetsa kuti muzzle amafanana ndi chule: chomwe chimakhala chozungulira ndi maso ochepa. Kukula kwa munthu yemwe ali mu ukapolo nthawi zambiri sikuyenera kupitirira 12 cm.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Nsomba zowoneka bwino zikuyenda bwino ndi anthu onse okhala m'madzi am'madzi, mwachitsanzo, nsomba za gulugufe, chromis, gobies ndi agalu am'nyanja. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama yomwe siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti isungidwe:
Kukula kocheperako kwam'madzi kosunga nsomba zam'mphepete kumayenera kukhala osachepera 80 * 45 * 35cm, voliyumu - kuchokera pa malita 80.
Malo okhala ma corals ndi grottoes siwopepuka; kwenikweni, ma anemones amoyo (Heteractis magnifica ndi Stichodactyla gigantea) angabzalidwe. Mchenga wamadzala 3-5 mm m'mimba mwake ndi woyenera ngati dothi.
Magawo amadzi amayenera kutsatira izi:
- acidity - 8.1 - 8.4 pH,
- kachulukidwe ka madzi ndi 1.021-1.023,
- zamchere - 34,5 g / l,
- kutentha - 25-26 ° С.
Kusintha kwamadzi kuyenera kuchitika sabata iliyonse pofika 1/10 ya buku lonse, kapena kamodzi pa masabata awiri ndi 1/5. Kusasinthidwa, kukonzanso ndi kusungitsa nthawi yayitali nyanja yamadzi ndizofunikira kwambiri posamalira nyanja.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso kuchokera kwa akatswiri am'madzi odziwa ntchito zam'madzi, chomwe chingakhale chocheperako kukula kwa nyanja yam'madzi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhalabe ndi moyo wazambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mitunduyi yomwe imakhala m'matanthwe kwambiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yochititsa chidwi. Chifukwa chake nsomba ndizambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kwa mwini wake.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zansomba nthawi zambiri zimadyera zinyalala za nsomba zomwe sizadyedwa ndi anemone. Mu aquarium, amphiprions sikuti safuna chakudya. Amamwa mosamalitsa chakudya chouma cham'madzi, sakana ku brine shrimp, nkhono, shrimp wosankhidwa bwino, squid kapena msanganizo wa nyama yam'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
M'nyanja, momwe zimakhalira, nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 10, pomwe zimakhala m'madzi am'madzi, nthawi yokhala ndi moyo imachulukanso.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mawonekedwe onse osokonekera a amphiprion ndiamphongo kale. Ziwalo zonse ziwiri wamwamuna ndi wamkazi zimakhalapo, koma zakale zimapangidwa bwino, zomalizirazo zili muukhanda.
Akamakula, anthu akuluakulu amasintha kukhala azimayi. Mmodzi wa iwo akamwalira, wamwamuna wamkulu amasintha kugonana ndikukhala pamalo opanda pake. Kenako amasankha mnzake wogonana ndi amuna omwe atsala.
Nsomba zokhala ngati zovunda ndizofanana, mwanjira yomwe kuwala kwa mwezi kumathandizira kuti abereke, momwe mauwa achimuna amakhala otakataka. Ali mu ukapolo, izi sizofunikira kwambiri.
Yaikazi imamera pafupi ndi anemone ya mnyanja, ndipo ikapezeka, pafupi ndi corals kapena grottoes. Njirayi imatenga pafupifupi maola awiri ndipo imachitika makamaka madzulo. Oleza odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa kuzimitsa kuyatsa kumadzi mu maora 22 mpaka 23 ndikukhalabe kutentha kwa madzi kwa 26 ° C.
Abambo obadwa kumenewo amatetezera, ndikumachotsa mazira osafunikira, ndikupumira. Kutengera kutalika ndi kukula kwa chikazi, pakatulutsa kamodzi, imatha kubweretsa mazira 400 mpaka 1500. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 7 mpaka 10, pambuyo pake mwachangu. Chakudya choyambirira kwa iwo ndi plankton.
Abambo amawasamalira mpaka atakula, koma machitidwe, ana nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mu chidebe china. Izi sizikhudza kukula kwawo ndi kusinthika kwa mphamvu.
Mtengo wa nsomba zowola ndi njira zosankhira
Mukamasankha nsomba m'matanthwe anu am'matanthwe, muyenera kuyang'ana zokonda zakubadwa mu ukapolo. Amasinthika kukhala moyo wam'madzi komanso kulolera mosavuta kupsinjika kuchokera pakusintha maonekedwe.
Amphiprions zamtchire zimatha kupatsirana ndi oodiniosis, cryptocariosis ndi brooklinellosis, ndizopweteka kwambiri kusamukira pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha izi.
Musanagule, muyenera kupendanso chiweto cham'tsogolo mosamala. Nsombazo zizikhala ndi mtundu wolemera, mamba osalala, maso oyera. Chovala chizikhala chofewa: chosuntha, choseketsa, chochita.
Ndikwabwino kugula nsomba kwa obereketsa odalirika omwe ali ndi ziphaso zonse zofunikira. Mtengo wa mitundu yodziwika bwino (amphiprion ocellaris) ndi ma ruble pafupifupi 1000, mitundu ina kutengera zaka ndi kukula ikuyerekezedwa ndi ma ruble 2000-4000.
Nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi za Aquarium zimadziwika kuti ndizosasangalatsa kwambiri kuposa nsomba zonse zamakhola. Ndizoyenera mitundu yayikulu yam'madzi am'madzi muofesi kapena malo odyera, komanso kukonza nyumba. Mathanthwe a coral okhala ndi anemones ndi amphiprions nthawi zonse amawoneka ochititsa chidwi, ndipo kuwona gulu la nsomba zowala komanso zowala mosangalala kumabweretsa chisangalalo kwa eni ake.
Mitundu ya amphiprions
Mitundu yonse yamitundu imasiyana maonekedwe, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi kukula kwa thupi:
- Tomato clown (ofiira) - tsamba lofiirira-lalanje lomwe mzere woyera wotalika wokhala ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono, kowoneka bwino wakuda umayenderera m'dera la gill. Maso akuda. Ziphuphu pakhungu la thupi, msana umatambalala kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira. Nsomba imakula mpaka masentimita 11. Mwachilengedwe, imakhala pakati pa anemones, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kusungira nyumba, chifukwa chake, masipika a phwetekere amakhala m'miyala yambiri.
- Chovala cha a Moorish - mtundu wa thupilo ndi maroon, mikwingwirima itatu yoyera imadutsa: m'mphepete mwa mapikisano, pakatikati ndi kuzungulira kumapeto. Kukula kwa nsomba zazikulu kumakhala mpaka masentimita 14. Mu aquarium, amakonda kukhala ndi anemones amtundu uliwonse,
- Variegated amphiprion - nthawi zambiri amakhala wowala lalanje lalifupi ndi Mzere Woyera kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mlomo wapamwamba mpaka kumapeto kwa miyala. Mphesa zam'mimbamo ndi zam'mimba ndizopepuka, zofooka. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna - 11 cm ndi 5-7 cm, motero,
- Orange amphiprion - ofanana ndi mottled ndi mtundu, ndi kukula. Koma chingwe cha lalanje kumbuyo kwake ndi chaching'ono komanso chowala, palinso mchira oyera,
- Clarke's Clown, chocolate amphiprion ndi nsomba yamtundu woyambira: thupi lokhala ndi mulitali, zipsepse zazikulu, phokoso limakhala ngati logawidwa pawiri: pakati matingidwewo ndi ofupikirapo kuposa kumapeto. Mtundu wawukulu wakuda ndi wakuda wachikasu, chomwe, pansi pazowunikira zina, umapeza chokoleti chakuda. Zipsepse ndi nkhope yake zachikasu. Mikwingwirima itatu yoyera imadutsa thupi: kumbuyo kwa maso, pakati komanso mchira. Mu chinsalu cham'madzi chimakula mpaka 10 cm,
- Clown Ocellaris - Nemo yemweyo kuchokera muzojambula, utoto uwu umawerengedwa kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Pamaso ofiira owoneka ngati malalanje pamakhala timizere titatu tating'ono, uliwonse uli ndi malire wakuda. Ziphuphu za msana ndi ma anal zinafupikitsa ma ray pakati (ndizotsatira kuti Mzere Woyera Woyera umadutsa). M'mphepete mwa zipsemba zonse pamatha kukhala zakuda. Nthawi zina mizere yoyera imaphatikizidwa kukhala mawanga, iyi ndi imodzi mwazosankha zamtundu. Kukula kwa nsomba zazikuluzikulu - mpaka 12 cm,
- Chozungulira cha perculus chimakhala chofanana ndi ocellaris, pali kusiyana pang'ono pa kuchuluka kwa ma ray am'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe a dorsal fin ndi mawonekedwe a thupi: ma percule ali ndi ozungulira pang'ono pang'ono. Zingwe - mpaka 11 cm.
Masamba onse amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa: mpaka zaka 10-11. Zingati ma amphiprion ambiri omwe amakhala mu aquarium zimatengera momwe amasungidwira: nthawi zambiri zaka 5-7.
Makonzedwe a Aquarium
- Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumachokera pa malita 100 pa nsomba zingapo. M'malo am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi muno mumawonedwa gawo laling'ono kwambiri, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuyang'anira magawo abwino pamulingo wotere. Oyamba kumene akulimbikitsidwa kuti ayambe ndi kuchuluka kwa malita osachepera 300 ndi magulu a magulu apakati pa 5-6,
- Dothi - mchenga wamakorali wokhala ndi theka la mamilimita,
- Fyuluta yachilengedwe iyenera kukhala yamphamvu kuti ipange kutuluka. Ngati pali anemone mu aquarium, kutuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kupita kwa iwo.
- Aeration - mpweya uyenera kuchokera kwa compressor wapadera wokwanira nthawi yonse
- Zowunikira - nyali zapadera za ma aquariums am'madzi (marina glo ndi ena) zidzakhala zowunikira zabwino kwa biotope. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuti zikule bwino ndikukula,
- M'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, mumakhala miyala yambiri yam'madzi yam'madzi yam'madzi yam'madzi yozunguliridwa ndi nyanja. Pa mtundu uliwonse wama Clown muyenera kusankha anemone woyenera. Mwachitsanzo, kwa Nemo wotchuka, anemone bubbly, chimphona chonyamulira, haddoni yojambulira ndi yoyenera. Ngati izi sizingatheke, m'malo mwa anemones, grottoes, malo okhala, mink aikidwa,
Magawo amadzi
- Kutentha 22-27 ° C,
- Kuuma 4-20 °,
- Acidity 8-8.4 pH,
- Kachulukidwe kali pafupi 1.022-1.025,
- Zokoma 34,5 g / l.
- Kubwezeretsa sabata iliyonse 20% yamadzi ndi madzi omwe adakonzedwa pasadakhale (pamwezi amaloledwa, ngati mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi umalola). Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti madzi atsopano am'nyanja akufanana mu magawo omwe amapezeka mu aquarium,
- Kuyeretsa dothi lolondola ndi siphon kamodzi pa masabata 1-2,
- Pamaso pa anemones ya mnyanja ndi anthu ena, ndikofunikira kuti aliyense athe kupeza chakudya. Nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, ngati pali shrimp) muyenera kudyetsa anemone ya mnyanja payokha.
Kudyetsa
Kuti nsomba ikule moyenerera komanso wathanzi, kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana:
- Zakudya zouma zapadera kuti muthe utoto ndi mavitamini,
- Chakudya chamoyo komanso chowundana: fillet fillet, shrimp, squid ndi zina zina zam'madzi (artemia, krill).
Ma Clown ndi owoneka bwino komanso osasamala mu chakudya. Ndikofunika kungoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chakudya, chifukwa chakudya chosawoneka bwino chimakweza mulingo wamadzi.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Popeza nsomba za Clown zimakhala zamtendere komanso zodekha, ndipo momwe zilili m'madzi amcherezo sizigwiranso ntchito, ndibwino kuzisunga mu malo osanjika am'madzi. Simuyenera kusakaniza mitundu ingapo ya amphiprion wina ndi mnzake kuti mupewe kumenyanirana gawo. Nsomba iliyonse imakhala ndi mtengo wokwera, choncho mwiniwake amayenera kusamalira thanzi lake.
Nsomba zovunda zimagawikaawiri, aliyense amasankha yekha anemone ya kunyanja. Ngati palibe anemones, ma clown amasankha grotto yoyenerera, korali kapena phanga. Ngati pali nsomba zingapo pagulu lanyanjayi, ndipo anemone ya kunyanja ndi yaying'ono, wofooka kwambiri amakhalabe wopanda nyumba. Izi zikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti athe kukonza biotopu ndi malo ena owerengera panthawi.
Oyimira osapsa mtima panyanja yakuya ndizoyenera monga oyandikana nawo: shrimps, nsomba zazing'ono zamtendere.
Momwe mungadziwire jenda
Poyamba, zovala zonse za amphiprion zimabadwa amuna. M'moyo, ena amasintha kugonana, kukhala akazi. Ngati mu biotope akazi atasowa mwadzidzidzi (mwachitsanzo, m'modzi mwa awiriwa wamwalira), mwamunayo amatha kusintha kugonana ndikupeza mnzake. Nthawi zambiri chachikazi chimakhala chokulirapo kuposa chachimuna. Wopanga wamwamuna m'gululo ndi wamkulu kuposa amuna ena onse, koma akamwalira, nsomba zomwe zikulandidwa zimayamba kukula mwachangu.
Kuswana ndi kubereka
Nsomba zansangala zimatha kuswana m'madzimo. Njirayi ndiyowonjezereka, kukula kwachinyamata kumachitika m'masabata atatu.
Pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino, amphiprions amadzibala okha. Kuchokera ku aquarist, mumangofunika kusankha anthu obadwira ku ukapolo: ndiye kuti mwayi woweta udzakhala wokwera. Wamkazi amayikira mazira, ndipo atatha kusala, makolo amtsogolo amawasunga mpaka atachokapo (masiku 8-10). Kukula kwachinyamata kumathetsedwa, kapena kusiyidwa m'manja mwa wamwamuna yemwe, momwe angathere, amawasamalira mpaka atakula.
Matenda ndi Kuteteza
Kwenikweni, matenda amphiprion amakhudzana ndi mtundu wamadzi. Itha kukhala:
- Poizoni wa Amoni: zopatsa zoyipa, kusowa kwa mpweya,
- Poizoni ndi nitrate ndi nitrites: ulesi, wagona pansi,
- Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya (mwachitsanzo, ichthyophthyroidism kapena oodiniosis, yemwenso imakhala yodziwika pakati pa nsomba zatsopano): mamba amawombera, nsomba zimatupa, malovu oyera thupi pa thupi, kuyabwa, ndi zina.
- Kukokoloka kwa mutu ndi mzere wotsatira: maonekedwe a utoto pamutu ndi pakati pa thupi, womwe m'matenda otambalala umalowa kwambiri mkati mwa khungu, ndikupanga zilonda zam'mimba.
- Kuwunikira pafupipafupi magawo amadzi,
- Kutsatira malamulo osamalira malo osungirako nyama zapamadzi,
- Kutsatira njira yodyetsera,
- Mukayambiranso kapena kupanga biotopu yatsopano, muyenera kudikirira mpaka madzi atadutsa mzere wa nitrogen,
- Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyika dokotala shrimp mu aquarium ndi amphiprions, omwe amawononga ma causative othandizira matenda ena.