Chub kapena smut kapena smut - nsomba zamtundu wamtundu wakapangidwe, banja la cyprinids. Ili ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera, yomwe thupi lake limafikira masentimita 80, ndipo limalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 8.
Cub imakhala ndi mutu wamkulu, wothinikizidwa pang'ono pamwamba. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mamba akulu. Cub imadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, tizilombo touluka, achule ndi nsomba zina.
Chubuli limasiyana ndi abale ake ndi mutu wamphamvu wokhala ndi mphumi, mawonekedwe amiyala yamiyala ndi masikelo akulu. Kukula kwachinyamata nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakanikirana ndi batani, koma chub imadziwika kuzindikira koyamba, chifukwa imakhala ndi pakamwa ponseponse. Alinso ndi utoto wammbuyo komanso wakuda kwambiri. Koma, pazonse, pali kufanana zambiri pakati pa chub ndi dace, chifukwa chake ndi amtundu wamba. Mbali yodziwika ndi yomwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, thupi la cylindrical, mawonekedwe a mano a pharyngeal ndi kuchuluka kwawo.
Chub (squalius cephalus).
Chub ndi nsomba yokongola. Kumbuyo kuli mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, ndipo mbali zake ndizopindika, pang'ono pang'ono zimapatsa chidwi. Mamba ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala amdima opangidwa kuchokera ku madontho akuda. Zipsepse zamkati ndi zodutsira zimakhala zofiira ndipo zipsepse zamakutu ndi lalanje. Nthenga ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda bii.
Maso a chub ndi akulu, akuwala. Mwambiri, chub ili pafupi kwambiri ndi malingaliro, koma thupi lake limakhala lalitali kwambiri ndipo pamphumi pake ndi lonse.
Izi nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono kutengera zaka, malo ndi nyengo, momwe anthu ena amaganiza kuti awa ndi mitundu yosiyana ya mabowo. Koma kusiyanasiyana konse kumangokhala mtundu wa zipsepse ndi mawonekedwe a mutu.
Izi nsomba ndizofala, zimatha kupezeka ku Europe konse - kuyambira ku Spain mpaka kummawa kwa dziko lathu. Mwina chub sakhala ku Siberia kokha, koma mwina sakupezeka mu Arctic ndi White Sea. Mulimonsemo, kuchuluka kwakukulu kumakhala pakati pa Russia. Ndizosowa kwambiri kumadera otsika a Don ndi Volga, komanso kupewa nyanja zonse. Koma m'mitsinje yamapiri m'chigawo cha Crimea, chub ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Ku Transcaucasia, mwachionekere, m'malo mwa chub, abale ake amakhala.
Chub imayesetsa kusasambira mumtsinje ndikadapang'onopang'ono, nsomba iyi imakonda mitsinje yachangu ndi madzi ozizira. Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa dziko lathu, chub limapezeka pamalo omwewo ndi trout ndi grey. Kuphatikiza apo, ma chubs amatha kupezeka m'madzi ozizira, momwe mitundu ina ya banja la cyprinid sikhala, kupatula minnow ndi char.
Chub ndi m'bale wake wa mitembo.
M'm Nyanja, chub ndizosowa kwambiri, koma imakhala ku Ilmen, Lake Chukhlovsky ndipo sichimachokera ku Volga kupita ku Seliger. M'madziwe oyenda otsika, nsomba izi sizikhala ndi moyo, koma zikakhala komweko, zimangokhala m'madzimo. Koma m'madziwe mumatha kukumana ndi ma chubs, ngati pali madzi abwino komanso abwino.
M'mikhalidwe yabwino, chub imakula mpaka kukula kwakukulu; mu chizindikiro ichi, chimaposa malingaliro. Cholemera kwambiri cha chub ndi ma kilogalamu 4, koma nthawi zina anthu omwe akulemera ma kilogalamu 6-8 amabwera. Ndipo ngati pali chakudya chochuluka, ndiye kuti cub imatha kukula kwambiri. Dombrowski yemwe ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wowerengera za nyama anati m'chigawo cha Kiev adawona gulu la zigamba, zokhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 20, omwe matupi awo adafikira masentimita 110, ndipo zimphona izi zimalemera pafupifupi 20 kilos. Mwambiri, kulemera kumeneku ndikokokomeza pang'ono, chifukwa anthu otalika mita, monga lamulo, samalemera oposa kilogalamu 16.
Ma Chubs amakula msanga kuposa ma id. Akuyerekeza kuti moyo wawo wokhala zaka pafupifupi 18. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, nsomba zimakula moyo wonse, koma kuchokera penapake kukula kwawo kumachepera. Kukula kosalekeza kotereku kumasiyanitsa nsomba ndi nyama zina ndi nyama. Izi nsomba ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa asodzi, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi, zimawoneka zopindulitsa kwambiri paulimi wa ziweto ndi nkhuku. Koma izi zimakhudzanso asodzi a m'madziwe am'madzi, chifukwa nsomba sizimapezeka m'mitsinje.
Chub ili ndi mutu wawukulu kwambiri.
Monga taonera pamwambapa, mabogi amakonda mitsinje ikuluikulu yoyenda. Izi nsomba zimapewa mitsinje yokhala ndi matope pansi ndi matope, zimangokhala pomwe pansi pamwala kapena dongo. Koma malingaliro, m'malo mwake, amakhala pansi pamatope. Chifukwa chake, lamuloli likugwira ntchito - komwe kuchuluka kwazomwe mumapezeka, sipangakhale ma chuc ambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale nsomba izi zikugwirizana, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu beseni la Mtsinje wa Moscow muli ma chubs ochulukirapo kuposa ma id, koma mkati mwa maphunzirowa muli ma identi ena 10 kokwana.
Munjira ya moyo pakati pa chubs ndi ma trout, pali zambiri zofanana. Nsomba izi zimakonda mabanki amchenga ndi miyala yamiyala yomwe ili ndi magetsi amphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, tambiri tambirimbiri timakhala pansi pa tchire, pansi pa njenjete yakuda ndi alder, chifukwa pali tizilombo tambiri. M'makomo omwe ali ndi udzu, ma chubs ndi osowa kwambiri.
Ngakhale mu nthawi yamasika, nsomba izi sizimatuluka mu msewu, koma gwiritsitsani mavu omwe amatuluka. Pankhaniyi, ma chubs sapezeka m'madzi osefukira, momwe malingaliro, mapiri, carp wamba ndi pike zimapezeka zochuluka.
Mu febuloni, pomwe nthanda zoyamba zimayamba, nsomba izi zimadzuka kuchokera ku dzanzi komwe zimachokera. Amatuluka m'maenje okuya kupita malo ang'onoang'ono ndikubwera kwa madzi, kuyamba kusambira ndi kutuluka ndikulowa m'misewu yaying'ono. Kuyenda kotereku mu kasupe wa matumbu kumachitika m'matumba okhala ndi anthu amsinkhu umodzi. Izi zoweta ndizochulukirapo, zonse zimatengera malowa, koma sizikhala zazikulu ngati gulu la ides kapena maulendo.
Chub pa ndo.
Ma Chubs amayamba kutuluka kale mchaka cha 3, ali ndi thupi pafupifupi 200 g. Koma chizindikiro ichi chimakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna amsinkhu womwewo. Mu Mtsinje wa Moscow, akazi okhala ndi caviar amalemera kuposa magalamu 400. Akuluakulu ayamba kutulutsa, ndipo ang'ono kwambiri amamaliza. Nthawi zambiri zazimayi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zazimuna. Ma Chubs nthawi zonse amaikira mazira pamiyala yopanda miyala ndi pansi lamiyala yamphamvu.
Kumwera kwa dziko lathu, kufalikira kwa ma chubs kumachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo. Pakati pa dzikolo, izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo. Koma nyengo zimasokoneza nthawi.
Monga lamulo, chub imayikira mazira pafupifupi masiku 10 pambuyo pa lingaliro, pomwe kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa. M'mitsinje yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, ku Volga ndi Oka, nsomba sizimapezeka konse; chifukwa chaichi, nsomba zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zazing'ono.
Kupendekeka koyambirira koyamba kwa maboti amtsinje wa Moscow kudalembedwa mu 1890. Chaka chino, ma chubs okhala ndi caviar adagwidwa kale koyambirira kwa Epulo. Koma amuna omwe ali ndi mkaka wolemera 200 gramu adagwidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi. Kuchokera pomwepo zimatsimikizira kuti nthawi yowerengeka idatenga miyezi iwiri. Izi zikuwonetsedwanso ndikuti mu Seputembala mutha kukumana ndi ana achichepere pafupifupi masentimita 13 ndi ena - pafupifupi 4 sentimita. Kukula kwachiwiri kwa kumapeto kwotsatira. Mabulosha ang'onoang'ono ndi ana oyamba a achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri, sakhala ndi moyo mpaka nthawi ya masika, chifukwa mu kugwa amawonongedwa mwankhanza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba.
Chub - nsomba zamadzi oyera.
Chub roe ali ndi mtundu wa lalanje, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kofanana ndi mbewu ya poppy. Ndiye kuti, mtundu ndi kukula kwa chubar caviar ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zina za cyprinids. Wamkazi wolemera magalamu 600 anali ndi mazira pafupifupi zana limodzi, zimatsatira kuti zazikazi zazikulu zimatha kukhala ndi zoposa miliyoni. Ndiye kuti, chub ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino.
Pakakhala ma chuc ochepa m'malo ena, ndipo amakhala otsika kwambiri pakukula kwa carp, roach ndi bream, izi zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe zanyamulazi zimanyamula caviar, ndipo zilibe nthawi yothira manyowa ndikugwiritsa miyala kapena zinthu zina pansi pamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri a caviar amadyedwa ndi nsomba. M'mitsinje yopanda mphamvu kwambiri, pamakhala mkaka wambiri mpaka madzi amakhala oyera. Kutchera kwa gulu lililonse sikukutenga nthawi yochulukirapo, kumangokhala maola ochepa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri, abambo samatulutsa mkaka nawonso, koma kamodzi.
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