1. Albatrosses ndi mbalame zam'nyanja zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa chokonda kuyenda mtunda wautali.
2.Albatrosses amakhala m'malo ozizira komanso otentha a Kumwera Kwambiri. Makamaka mbalame zimapezeka m'malo otchedwa Southern Ocean - beseni lozungulira Antarctica, kuzilumba zonse.
3. Mbalame zimayendayenda kutali - kumadera otentha a North Hemisphere, ndipo sizimawulukira kumadera okha kumtunda kwa Arctic Ocean.
4. Pali mitundu yopitilira 20 ya ma albatrosses - kuyambira pa utsi, kukula kwa seagull, kuyenda (Diomedes exulans, kapena "albatross exiled"), yomwe ili ndi mapiko ake a mita 3.5 (iyi ndi ndege yaying'ono yokhala mpando umodzi)!
5. M'mabanja a albatross, mbalame zachifumu komanso zoyenda zokhala ngati mbalame imodzi ndi imodzi mwamgulu lalikulu kwambiri la mbalame zouluka. Unyinji wamagulu akuluakulu umafika pa-kilogalamu 10-11, ndipo mapikowo amakhala mpaka mamita 3.5. Mitundu yodziwika ya ma albatross: Amsterdam albatross, Royal albatross, albatross woyendayenda, Tristan albatross.
Amsterdam Albatross
6. Amsterdam albatross amafikira masentimita 120 kutalika kwake, mapiko ake - mpaka 3.5 metres, kulemera kwake kuli pamlingo wa kilogalamu 5-8.
7. Kuwona kwakukulu kwa zilumba za Amsterdam zomwe zili kumwera kwa Indian Ocean.
8. Mbalameyi ikuwopsezedwa ndikuwonongeka, koma pang'onopang'ono ndiyotheka kuchulukitsa anthu.
9. Albatrosses amauluka kutali komanso motalika kuposa mbalame ina iliyonse. Chifukwa cha kutsatira satellite, zinafika kuti ma albatross ena amawuluka padziko lapansi pasanathe miyezi iwiri ndipo amatha kuwuluka kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi osatulutsa mapiko awo.
10. Gawo lowononga mphamvu kwambiri la ndege iliyonse ya albatross limachotsedwa: nthawi yokha yomwe mbalame imafunikira kupukusa mapiko ake modzipereka.
Royal albatross
11. Albatross yachifumu imakhala ndi matupi a mbalame kutalika kwa 110 mpaka 120 sentimita, mapiko a masentimita 280-350, ndipo wamkulu amakula pafupifupi kilogalamu 8.
12. Mitunduyi imaphatikizanso mitundu iwiri: Kumpoto kwa kumwera ndi kumwera kwa chifumu cha albatross. Mapiko amtundu wakumpoto ali ndi nthenga za utoto wakuda, pomwe wakum'mwera ali ndi mapiko oyera oyera.
13. Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala albatross - New Zealand.
14. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zolusa zomwe zikukonzekera mitsinje yotentha, albatross imasungidwa pafupi ndi nyanja pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokweza mafunde amafunde ochokera pamafunde.
15. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi ndizowonda komanso zoyandikana, fluff ndi yofunda, yopepuka komanso yotentha, yofiyira yophimba thupi la albatross mosalekeza, pomwe mbalame zina zimangokulira m'mizere yina - pterillia. Mitundu yofiyira ya albatrosses ili pafupi ndi thukuta m'thupi lake.
Kuyenda albatross
16. Albatross woyendayenda amakhala ndi thunthu lotalika masentimita 117, mapiko amtundu waukulu kwambiri wa mitundu yonse - mpaka masentimita 370. Mtundu wa chinsomba cha mbalameyo ndi yoyera, pa nthenga za mapiko pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda. Mlomo ndi waukulu. Matata ndi apinki.
17. Achinyamata amakhala ndi zofiirira, zomwe zimafota ndipo zimakhala zoyera pomwe akula, koma chingwe chowoneka cha bulauni chimatha kukhalabe pachifuwa kwanthawi yayitali.
18. Albatross yoyendayenda imapezeka kuzilumba za subantarctic.
Albatross wakuda
19. Kamodzi ka mbalame zokhala ngati mbalame yoyenda m'miyendo ikangoyang'ana kumapiko ake, miyendo yake sidzakhudzanso pansi mpaka nthawi ikakwatirana, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika zaka khumi.
20. Mtundu wa albatrosses si wowala, ma toni aku bulauni amatuluka timitundu yaying'ono, komanso yoyera mu yayikulu. Ziwalo za thupi (mutu, mapiko) mu mbalame zoyera zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi imvi kapena yakuda. Mbalame zazimuna zonse ziwiri ndizakuda chimodzimodzi.
Tristan Albatross
21. Tristan albatross imawoneka yofanana kwambiri ndi albatross yoyendayenda ndipo kwakanthawi idatengedwa ngati mabungwe ake. Komabe, mbalameyi imakhala yaying'ono kukula, ndipo mtundu wake wamafuta ndi wakuda.
22. Achinyamata amakhala ndi zoyera zoyera pang'onopang'ono, poyerekeza ndi albatross.
23. Kukhazikika kwa zolengedwa ndi malo osungirako nyama a Tristan da Cunha, pomwe akuwopsezedwa kuti atha.
24. Albatross ndi mbalame yokhalitsa. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kutengera miyezo ya nyama. Moyo wawo ungafanane ndi kutalika ndi munthu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka 60 kapena kupitirira.
25. Koma, ngakhale izi, albatross wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la Russia, kuwonongedwa kwa mitunduyi kunathandizidwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mbalame ndi asitole chifukwa cha zofunikira zambiri za albatross.
26. Ma Albatrosses ndi "osamuka" omwe samangirizidwa ndi china chilichonse kupatula komwe adabadwira. Ndi maulendo awo, amaphimba dziko lonse lapansi. Mbalamezi zimatha kukhala mwamtendere popanda malo kwa miyezi yambiri, ndipo kuti zipume, zimatha kukhala m'mphepete mwa madzi.
27. Albatrosses ndi amodzi a Procellariiformes, poyambirira - Tubinares, omwe amatanthauza "chu-nosed".
28. Tubes timayendera kutalika konse kwa milomo yayikulu yokhomedwa ndipo imayambitsa kununkhira bwino kwambiri, kumalola albatross kudziwa zisa ndi chakudya kwamtunda wautali.
29. M'mitundu ina ya timachubu, timagwira ntchito ziwiri: imalola kuti mbalame ipume kudzera pamphuno imodzi ndikufinya mchere wanyanja kudzera munzake.
30. Kuti apitilize kuthamanga, mbalame zimasamukira kumadera komwe zidadzigawanitsa. Izi zimachitika pafupipafupi: kamodzi pakapita zaka 2-3.
31. Mtundu uliwonse wamabanja a albatross wasankha malo okulera ana. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi malo pafupi ndi equator.
32. Amayesetsa kumanga zisa zawo momwemo, atha kukhala moyandikana ndi mitundu yapafupi ya mbalame zam'nyanja.
33. Albatross samachita kukangana pomanga. Chisa chake chikuwoneka ngati mulu wa matope, nthaka ndi udzu wokhala ndi nkhawa, itaimirira molunjika pamiyala kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
34. Mbalameyi imatha kukhala ngati chitsanzo cha kukhala ndi mayi m'modzi: mbalame izi zimasankha mnzake m'moyo. Awiriwa amatenga zaka kukhala banja la mbalame zenizeni zokhala ndi manja ake komanso zizindikilo zake.
35. Mwambo wokwatiwa ndi mbalame ndi wofatsa kwambiri, amatsuka nthenga zawo, amadyetsana, kumangirana komanso kupsompsonana. Pakatha miyezi yayitali yopatukana, onse awiri amabwereranso kumalo odyera ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadziwana.
36. mbalamezi zimangokhala dzira limodzi lokha. Iwo amawaswa iwo. Njira yotchingira mbalamezi ndi imodzi mwazitali kwambiri kuposa mbalame zonse ndipo imatenga masiku 80. Mabanjawa amasintha mosalekeza, ndipo mazira akakakamizidwa, mbalame zonse ziwiri zimachepa ndipo zimatha.
37. Mwezi woyamba, banjali limakonda kudyetsa ana awo, ndipo othandizawo amawotentha. Kenako makolowo amatha kusiya chisa cha anawo kwa masiku angapo, ndipo mwanawonso amasiyidwa yekha.
38. Mwana wankhuku amakhalabe mu chisa kwa masiku 270, nthawi yomwe amakula kotero kuti thupi lake limaposa kukula kwa mbalame mu magawo.
39. Albatrosses amasiyira mwana wathunthu, ndipo wachinyamata amakakamizidwa kukhala yekha mpaka atasintha mwana wake wamwamuna kukhala wamkulu ndikuwaphunzitsa mapiko ake kuti atuluke. Maphunziro amachitika pagombe kapena m'mphepete mwamadzi.
40. Albatrosses ali okonzeka kukhwima ali ndi zaka 4-5, komabe, sakwatirana asanakwanitse zaka 9 mpaka 10.
41. Chakudya cha albatross chimakhala ndi nsomba, squid, crustaceans, mollusks, ndi plankton yaying'ono.
42. Pakudya nyama, ma albatross nthawi zambiri amayenda usiku, kuyifufuza m'mwamba ndikuyitenga pamwamba pa madzi pa ntchentche. Mbalame zimathanso kulowa m'madzi akuya pafupifupi mamita 12.
43. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, alubino ena amakonda kusaka nyama kumtunda, pomwe ena amachita mosiyana.
44. Albatross woyendayenda amafufuza chakudya pokhapokha malo wozama kilomita imodzi. Nthawi yakudyaku, zazimuna ndi zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimasaka m'malo osiyanasiyana.
45. Kugonana mu albatrosses sikufotokozedwa. Ndi achichepere okha omwe amasiyana ndi mbalame zachikulire zokhala ndi bulauni kapena bulauni. Nthawi zina ngakhale m'malire akuda achikazi amatha kuonekera m'mphepete mwa nthenga zoyera pamapiko.
46. Albatrosses ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri pabanja lawo. Kunja, mbalameyi imakhala ngati seagull. Chifukwa chake, albatross imakhala ndi mulomo wofanana nayo - wopapatiza komanso wautali, wopindika kumapeto. Komabe, ili ndi gawo lake lofunikira.
47. Mphuno za mbalamezi zili m'mphepete mwa mulomo ndipo zimawoneka ngati timachubu titalitali. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi chifukwa cha fungo lakuthwa kwambiri komanso lopangidwa bwino ndi mbalame za albatrosses, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri pakati pa mbalame.
48. Pakhomo pakatikati, palibemo zothandizira kugwirira ntchito mulomo.
49. Mtunda wothamanga wa albatross ndi 50 km / h, kutalika kwake ndi 80 km / h. Mbalame yachikulire imawuluka makilomita 800-1000 patsiku. Ndipo dziko lapansi limazungulira masiku 46.
50. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, ma albatross adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mazira, mafuta, komanso fluff. Anthu adawononga malo okhala zisa, ndipo mbalame adawomberedwa. Zonsezi zidadzetsa kuti lero mitundu 19 mwa 21 ya ma albatross amalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo ali pangozi yotha.
Malo okhala nyama zakuthengo
Ma albatross ambiri amakhala kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, atakhazikika ku Australia kupita ku Antarctica, komanso ku South America ndi South Africa.
Kupatula mitundu inayi ya gulu la Phoebastria. Atatu a iwo amakhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, kuyambira zilumba za Hawaii ndikutha Japan, California ndi Alaska. Mtundu wachinayi, Galapagos Albatross, amadya gombe la Pacific ku South America ndipo amawonedwa pa Zilumba za Galapagos.
Dera lomwe magawidwe a albatross amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kulephera kwawo kuuluka mwachangu, ndichifukwa chake kudutsana kwa gawo la bata kumakhala kovuta. Ndipo ndi a Galapagos albatross okha omwe adaphunzira kuyendetsa mafunde amlengalenga motsogozedwa ndi Humboldt yamadzi ozizira am'nyanja.
Akatswiri a Ornithologists, ogwiritsa ntchito ma satellites kuti ayang'anire mayendedwe a ma albatross kunyanja, adapeza kuti mbalame sizichita nawo nyengo zosamuka. Albatrosses amauluka kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana mwachilengedwe nthawi yoti kubereka itatha.. Mtundu uliwonse umasankha dera ndi njira yake: mwachitsanzo, ma albatross am'mwera nthawi zambiri amayenda maulendo ozungulira padziko lapansi.
Wotchulidwa kuchokera ku Darkback Albatross
M'nyumba yamwala, m'bwalo lomwe muli mabwinja a mpanda wophwasulidwa, mbali ina yokonzedwa ndi mafelemu ndi galasi, chipatala chidapezeka. Asitikali angapo omangidwa, otumbululuka komanso otupa anayenda ndikukhala pabwalo pa dzuwa. Rostov atangolowa pakhomo la nyumbayo, adagwidwa ndi fungo la thupi lawola komanso chipatala. Pa masitepe adakumana ndi dokotala wankhondo waku Russia wokhala ndi ndudu mkamwa. Adotowo adatsatiridwa ndi paramedic waku Russia. - Sindingaze, - adatero adotolo,, - ibwera madzulo ku Makar Alekseevich, ndidzakhala komweko. - Wothandizira adotolo adamufunsanso china. - U! chitani monga mukudziwa! Kodi sizofanana? - Adotolo adawona Rostov akukwera masitepe. - Chifukwa chiyani inu, olemekezeka anu? - adatero dotolo. "Chifukwa chiyani?" Kapena chipolopolo sichinakutenge, ndiye ukufuna typhus? Pano, bambo, nyumba ya akhate. - Kuchokera chiyani? Adafunsa Rostov. - typhoid, abambo. Aliyense amene akwera ndi imfa. Awiri okhaokha ndi Makeev (adaloza paramedic) omwe ali odabwitsa. Apa, madokotala a mchimwene wathu asanu amwalira. Ndikhala wokonzekera watsopano mu sabata limodzi, ”adotelo anatero mwachimwemwe. - Madokotala a Prussian adayitanidwa, motero othandizira athu sakonda. Rostov adamufotokozera kuti akufuna kuwona abodza abodza Major Denisov pano. - Sindikudziwa, sindikudziwa, abambo. Kupatula apo, mukuganiza, ndili ndi zipatala zitatu, odwala 400 nawonso! Zabwinobe, azimayi a Prussian a opindulira amatitumizira khofi ndikuwongolera mapaundi awiri pamwezi, apo ayi zikadatha. - Adaseka. - 400, abambo, koma anditumizira zatsopano zonse. Kupatula apo, pali 400? NDIPO? - Adatembenukira kwa othandizira. Omwe amathandizawa amawoneka otopa. Zikuwoneka kuti, anali kuyembekezera ndi mkwiyo kuti awone ngati dokotala wonyengayo achoka posachedwa. Rostov adatinso, "Akuluakulu a Adisov," adavulala Pemphero. " "Akuwoneka kuti wamwalira." Ah, Makeev? - adotolo adafunsa mosadandaula. Othandizira pachipatalicho sanatsimikizire mawu a dokotala. - Kodi iye ndi wautali kwambiri, ofiira? Adotolo adafunsa. Rostov adalongosola mawonekedwe a Denisov. "Zinali, zinali," dotolo akanakhala mosangalala, "uyu ayenera kuti wamwalira, koma momwe ndimathirira, ndimakhala ndi mndandanda." Kodi muli ndi Makeev? "Makar Alexeyitch ndiye mndandanda," otsogola anati. "Ndipo bwerani m'zipinda za afisi, mudzadziwone nokha," anawonjezera, akutembenukira ku Rostov. "Eya, ndibwino osapita, abambo," adotolo adati: "ngati sutakhala pano." - Koma Rostov adapita kwa adotolo ndipo adapempha wothandizira wa zamankhwala kuti amupatse. "Musandiimbe mlandu," adokotala adafuula pansi pa masitepe.
Kufotokozera kwa Albatross
Mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu ndi zina mwazinthu zadongosolo la ma poti. International Union for Conservation of Natural imagawa banja lalikulu la albatross m'magulu anayi a mitundu 22, koma zokambirana zikupitilirabe za kuchuluka kwake. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya mbalamezi, zomwe zimayamwa kwambiri, imaposa mapiko ake (kupitirira 3.4) mbalame zonse zomwe zikukhala.
Zambiri za anthu akuluakulu zimatengera kusiyanasiyana kwa mapiko akuda / mbali yakunja yamapiko ndi chifuwa choyera: mitundu ina imatha kukhala yofiirira, ina imatha kukhala yoyera ngati chipale, ngati abambo a albatross. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, mtundu womaliza wa nthenga umawonekera patatha zaka zochepa.
Mlomo wamphamvu kwambiri wa albatross umatha ndi mlomo wolowera. Chifukwa cha mphuno zazitali zomwe zimatambasulidwa, mbalameyo imazindikira fungo lake (lomwe silingakhazikike ndi mbalame), lomwe "limatsogolera" kudyedwe.
Palibe chala chakumaso pachilichonse, koma pali zala zitatu zakumaso zolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Miyendo yolimba imalola ma albatross onse kuyenda pamtunda popanda ntchito.
Pofunafuna chakudya, ma albatross amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali popanda kulimbikira, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowuluka kapena zowuluka. Mapiko awo amapangidwa kuti mbalameyo izitha kukangamira mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali, koma osadziwa kuthawa. Mbalame ya albatross imapota mapiko ake pakubweza, imadalira mphamvu yamphamvu ndi kuwongolera mphepo.
Pakakhala bata, mbalamezo zimayenda pansi pamadzi mpaka kuwinduka koyamba kumawathandiza. Pa mafunde am'nyanja, samangopuma panjira, komanso kugona.
Mawu oti "albatross" amachokera ku ma al-ġaţţās ("diver"), omwe m'chinenedwe cha Chipwitikizi adayamba kuwoneka ngati alcatraz, kenako adasamukira ku Chingerezi ndi Chirasha. Mothandizidwa ndi "albus Latin" wa "white" (alcatraz) kenako adasanduka albatross. Alcatraz - chilumba chotchedwa California, chomwe chinali ndi zigawenga zoopsa.
Chakudya cha Albatross
Mbalamezi sizokometsetsa komanso osati zokometsera zikafika pazomwe zimadya. Mbalame zomwe zimayenda mtunda wautali patsiku zimakakamizidwa kudya zovalazo. Carrion mu chakudya cha mbalamezi amathanso kupitilira 50%.
Choyimbira chidzakhala nsomba, komanso nkhono. Samanyoza shrimp ndi crustaceans ena. Mbalame zimakonda kusaka chakudya masana, ngakhale zimatha kuwona bwino. Asayansi amati mbalame zimatha kudziwa momwe madziwo akuzama, chifukwa mitundu ina ya albatross simasaka komwe madziwo amakhala osakwana 1 km. mwakuya.
Kuti zisagwedezeke, ma albatross amatha kulowa pansi ndi kulowa m'madzi kwa mphindi khumi ndi zingapo. Inde, mbalamezi zimayenda momasuka, kuchokera kumlengalenga komanso kuchokera pansi pamadzi. Pali nthawi zina pamene adawombera makumi akuzama kuya.
Kuyenda mwamphamvu mbalame ya albatross. Chithunzi, mutha kupeza zoposa mbalame zomwe zikuyenda pa intaneti. Mbalamezi zimatha kuyenda bwino mumphepo yamphamvu ndikuwuluka.
Albatrosses amapanga awiriawiri
Ndi nyengo yamkuntho, komanso kale ndi pambuyo pake, kuchokera pamizere yamadzi yomwe mbalame zambiri zimadya: nkhono ndi squid, nyama zina, komanso zovunda.
Royal albatross
Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumachokera pa 110 mpaka 120 cm, mapiko ndi 280-350 cm, kulemera kwa akuluakulu ndi pafupifupi 8 kg. Mitunduyi imaphatikizaponso mitundu iwiri: akumpoto achifumu komanso kum'mwera kwa chifumu cha albatross.Mapiko amtundu wakumpoto ali ndi nthenga za utoto wakuda, pomwe wakum'mwera ali ndi mapiko oyera oyera. Royal Albatross Habitat - New Zealand.
Kuyenda albatross
Kutalika kwa thupilo kumafika pa 117, mapiko ndioposa mitundu yonse - mpaka masentimita 370. Mtundu wa zuluzikulu mu mbalame ndi zoyera, pa nthenga za mapiko pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda. Mlomo ndi waukulu. Matata ndi apinki. Achichepere amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe umazirala ndi kuyeretsa pamene iwo akula, koma chingwe chowoneka cha bulauni chikhoza kukhazikika pachifuwa kwanthawi yayitali. Albatross yoyendayenda imapezeka pazilumba zazing'ono.
Tristan Albatross
Maonekedwe akuwoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi albatross woyendayenda ndipo kwakanthawi amatengedwa ngati masamba ake. Komabe, mbalameyi imakhala yaying'ono kukula, ndipo mtundu wake wamafuta ndi wakuda. Achichepere amakhala ndi mitundu yoyera pang'onopang'ono, poyerekeza ndi albatross. Kukhazikika komwe kuli mitunduyi ndi malo azilumba za Tristan da Cunha, pomwe pano akuwopsezedwa kuti atha.
Blackfoot Albatross
Chisa cha miyendo yakuda chamtundu wakuda ku Hawaii, kuzilumba za Japan ku Torishima ndi Riuku. Panthawi ya chibwenzi, mbalame zimadula milomo yawo ndikulira mosaphonya .. Albatross wamiyendo yakuda samangokhala ndi mawaya amdima - maula onse ndiosanunkha kanthu. Yeretsani maziko a mulomo. Dera lowala kwamapula limafikanso pamphumi ndi masaya.
Nthawi zina gawo la hypochondrium limakhalanso lopepuka. Mlomo pawokha nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda ndi duwa la pinki. Komabe, pali mitundu yopepuka. Mapiko a mapiko amachokera ku 1.8 mpaka 2.0 m.Mtundu wa albatross wamtambo wakuda nthawi zambiri umatsata zombo zina poyembekezera zinyalala za chakudya. Zimapezeka munyanja ya Pacific m'malo a mafunde ofunda komanso m'malo okuya mwamadzi. M'malo ochezera, mitunduyi, monga ena, imatetezedwa ndi lamulo.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nsapato zokhala ndi miyendo yakuda kukuchepa. Ku Russia, ma albatrosses okhala ndi miyendo yakuda amatha kuwoneka m'madzi a Bering ndi Okhotsk Seas. Iwo ali ofanana kukula ndi albatrosses am'mbuyo akuda. A Britain ndi America amatcha albatross "nkhumba yoyandama" - chifukwa cha mawu ake obveka.
Makhalidwe oyera a albatross
Mbalamezi zimakhala kumadera otentha kumpoto kwa Pacific ndi Pacific Ocean. Zisa zawo zimapezeka pazilumba za Wake ndi Bonin zokha.
Mbalamezi zimatha kukhala zaka 10 panyanja, ndikubwerera kumalo awo okhalamo.
Ma albatross oyera okhala ndi miyendo yoyera amatha kuuluka bwino, amakhalanso osiyanasiyana. Amakhala moyo wawo wonse mlengalenga kapena m'madzi, ndipo amakhala pamtunda pokhapokha panthawi yopanga.
Ma albatross oyera okhala ndi miyendo yoyera amauluka mokongola, mwachangu komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Mapiko ndi thupi panthawi yakuuluka ndi mzere umodzi, ndipo miyendo imatambasulidwa kumbuyo ndikulumikizana. Kuchokera pansi, albatrosses sangathe kuchokapo, ngakhale kuyambira pa chiyambi. Kuti achotse, mbalameyo imayenera kupeza phiri, mwachitsanzo, pathanthwe kapena pathanthwe, ndipo itsika pomwepo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, albatrosses amatha kuchoka pamadzi popanda zovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalameyo imabalalika pakati pamadzi, mwachala ndikugwedeza miyendo yake, ndikuwombera mapiko akuluakulu ndikutambasulira khosi lake kutsogolo.
Mbalamezi ndizosamala kwambiri kuposa mbalame zina, sizimabwera pafupi ndi sitima. Ma albatross oyera okhala ndi kumbuyo amatha kugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, makamaka pakusamuka. Panthawi ya ndege, amakhala okha, koma ngati pali chakudya chochepa, ndiye kuti amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a abale 10-20.
Ma albatross oyera okhala ndi masamba oyera ndi mbalame zopanda phokoso, mumatha kumva kukukuta kwawo akamadyetsa anapiye awo. Amachitanso kulira akamamenya nkhondo, mawu awo amafanana ndi kulira kwa abulu.
Albatross wokhala ndi miyendo yoyera amapanga phokoso pokhapokha ngati adyetsa anapiye kapena kuteteza gawo.
Amadya chiyani?
Mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, kaya ndizoyambira kapena mbalame za mbalame za mbalame, mbalame zimakonda kudya zotsatirazi chakudya:
- Nsomba
- Squid yaying'ono
- Ma octopus ang'ono
- Krill
- Ma crustaceans ang'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za mbalamezi zimatha kudya anthu omwe amakhala m'madzi, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo munyanja zikuluzikulu ndi nyanja.
Albatrosses nthawi zambiri amadziphatika muka zombo ndi sitima, poyenda nawo kwa nthawi yayitali, akumatenga zinyalala zonse zoponyedwa munyanja kapena munyanja. Ndipo mbalame zikafika m'njira zikafika pamadzi oyandama, ndiye kuti ma albatross amakhala okonzeka kuwuluka kwa sitimayi kwa miyezi yambiri. Komabe, moyo wotere kwa anthu pawokha ndi wamba. Sizingakhale pachabe kuti albatross woyendayenda uja adalandira dzinali. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimakhala m'njira.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Makhalidwe a albatrosses monogamous Moyo. Mbalame zotere m'miyoyo yawo yonse zimadzipeza okha ndipo zimakhala zokhulupirika kwa osankhidwa awo mpaka masiku awo atha. Monga tanena kale, kusinthasintha kwa anthu kumachitika pazaka 6 mpaka 7 za moyo wawo, motero amayamba banja atangoyamba m'badwo uno. Zichitika kuti mbalame zimayang'ana zaka zingapo. Njira yosamalira mzimayi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mukakumana, anyamatawa amakhala ngati akuvina pamaso pa mnzake. Chibwenzi choterocho chimatha masiku angapo.
Ngati mwamunayo amakonda wamkazi, ndiye kuti amakhala kanthawi kumalo owadziwa, kenako amapita ku chisumbu cha chipululu ndikuyamba kukayikira nyumba yawo yamtsogolo, akumanga zisa kuchokera ku udzu ndi mbewa.
Chachikazi Albatross amaikira dzira limodzi lokha, lomwe amaswa. Mbalame zimasinthana pakati pawo, monga lamulo, masabata onse a 2-3. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kumaswa dzira. Mwana wankhuku amabadwa masiku 75-80 okha. Pachifukwachi, albatrosses amataya mpaka 20% ya unyinji wawo pakulipika konse.
Kukula kwa chikuku kudachedwa kwambiri. Kwa milungu itatu yoyamba, makolo amadyetsa ana tsiku lililonse, ndipo kamodzi kokha masiku angapo. Mbalamezi zimasamalira ana awo kwa chaka chathunthu, mpaka chisa chimakhala cholimba ndikutha kudzipezera chakudya.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ukwati Nthawi ya mbalame sizimachitika kangapo kamodzi patadutsa zaka 2-3. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kangapo. Komabe, ziribe kanthu kuti kupumula kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, kugwa kwamtundu uliwonse kwamamuna kumapita pachilumbacho ndikudikirira komweko wosankhidwa wake, monga lamulo, amafika mochedwa. Chifukwa chake moyo wabanja wa mbalame zachilendozi ukupitirirabe. Ngati m'modzi wa iwo sawulowera pachilumbachi, ndiye kuti wachiwiri mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake amakhala yekha. Mgwirizano wawo ndi wolimba.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa albatrosses ndi mitundu ina pafupifupi zaka 50.
Albatrosses
Albatrosses adatchuka chifukwa cha maulendo awo ataliatali pamwamba pa nyanja, komanso chifukwa chokhala ndi mapiko akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mbalame. Amadziwika m'mabanja akakhala ma albatross kuphatikiza mitundu 21 yokha. Pamodzi ndi agogo, agalu, ndi nkhunda za Cape, amapanga gulu la Tubonose, lomwe mu thupi lake limasiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zina.
Albatross-backed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus).
Ma Albatross ndi mbalame zazikulu, mwadongosolo lake ndizapamwamba kuposa ma agalu, osatchula agulugufe ang'onoang'ono ndi nkhunda za Cape. Kulemera kwa mitundu yayikulu kumatha kufika 11 makilogalamu, mapiko ndi kutalika kwa ma 2. Kunja, ma albatross amafanana ndi mbewa zazikulupo, koma kufanana kumeneku kumakhala kwina kokha. Choyambirira chomwe chagwira diso lanu ndiye mulomo wa "tiyi" - wautali, wopapatiza, wokhala ndi mbewa yakuthwa kumapeto. Koma, mulomo wa mbalamezi umakonzedwa mwanjira yapadera: choyambirira, chivundikiro cha nyanga yake sichimapitirira, koma chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo, ngati kuti zimasokonekera pamodzi, ndipo chachiwiri, mphuno za albatrosses zimadumphira m'matumba aatali (omwe adawatchulira) tubular), yomwe ili kumbali za mulomo. Ma machubu amenewa ali ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa albatrosses, chifukwa mapangidwe apadera a mphuno amalola mbalamezi kuti zimanunkhira patali kwambiri. Fungo lakuthwa kwambiri ndizosowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la mbalame, ndipo mu albatrosses limapangidwa ngati malo enieni a magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lamkati la mulomo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zikhadabo zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti kugontha kugoneke.
Albatross yoyendayenda (Diomedea exulans) pafupi ndi nthumwi yaying'ono ya chubu-nosed - Cape njiwa.
Thupi la albatross limakhala lambiri komanso lalikulupo, khosi limakhala lotalika pakatikati, mchirawo ndi waufupi komanso wosadukiza bwino. Matumba a albatrosses ndi ofupikirako, pali malo owerengeka pakati pa zala. Albatrosses amasunthasuntha pamtunda, akuyenda uku ndi uku ngati abakha kapena atsekwe, komabe amayenda bwino kuposa mbalame zina zokhala ndi chubu, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizibowera pansi. Mapiko a albatrosses ndi ochepa komanso aatali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina. Mapiko oterowo amapangitsa kuti mbalame zizitha kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amlengalenga kuchokera kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mapangidwe apadera a mapiko a albatrosses, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kufalitsa phiko, osataya mphamvu ya minofu. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa mapiko ake, ma albatross ndi omwe ali ndi mbiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu zazing'onozing'ono, mapikowo amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 2 m, mu albatrosses akuluakulu komanso achifumu, kutalika kwa mapikowo ndi 3-3.3 m, ndipo gawo lalikulu kwambiri loyenda albatross linali ndi mapiko a 3.7 m!
Mapiko a albatross woyendayenda akufanana ndi mapiko a ndege yaying'ono.
Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimakhala zowonda komanso zoyandikana, choziziracho ndichopepuka, chopepuka komanso chotentha, chofunda chimagwira thupi la albatross mosalekeza, pomwe mbalame zina zimangokulira m'mizere inanso - pterillia. Mitundu yofiyira ya albatrosses ili pafupi ndi thukuta m'thupi lake. Mtundu wa albatrosses si wowala, ma toni aku bulauni amapezekanso m'mitundu yaying'ono, komanso yoyera ikuluikulu. Ziwalo za thupi (mutu, mapiko) mu mbalame zoyera zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi imvi kapena yakuda. Mbalame zazimuna zonse ziwiri ndizakuda chimodzimodzi.
Kuwala kofiyira kwakanunkha albatross (Phoebetria palpebrata) pafupifupi. South Georgia.
Albatrosses ndi anthu okhala ku Chigawo Chakumwera; kuno amapezeka paliponse m'malo ozizira komanso ozizira. Mukasamukira, ma albatross amatha kuuluka kumpoto ndipo amakakumana ndi dera lotentha la North Hemisphere, koma samawulukira mu Arctic Ocean.
Galapagos Albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe umakhala pachilumbacho.
Ma Albatrosses ndi maulendo osatha, sikuti amakhala ndi malo okhala okha, koma amayenda mosasunthika, akumaphimba dziko lonse lapansi ndi ndege zawo. Nthawi zambiri, ma albatross amakhala pamwamba pa nyanja kutali ndi gombe, chifukwa mbalamezi sizachilendo kuona dzikolo kwa miyezi yambiri ngakhale zaka (albatrosses amagona pamadzi). Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa albatrosses ndi 50 km / h, koma amatha kuukweza mpaka 80 km / h. Pa liwiro lalitali kwambiri, ma albatross amatha kuwuluka pafupifupi nthawi yonse, ndikuthyola mpaka 800 km patsiku! Albatrosses odziwika ndi ma geolocator adazungulira dziko lapansi m'masiku 46, ndipo ena achita mobwerezabwereza. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale alibe "nyumba," albatrosses chisa m'malo otchulidwa kale. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala m'malo achisumbu pachilumba china (Falkland, Galapagos, Japan, Hawaii ndi ena ambiri), ndipo mbalame iliyonse imabwerera kumalo komwe idabadwira. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zisa za albatrosses zimapezeka pafupifupi pamtunda wa 22m kuchokera pamalo pomwe zidabadwira! Kulondola kodabwitsa ndi kukumbukira kwapadera kwa mbalame zomwe sizinawonane kwazaka!
Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) wakuda chifukwa cha mafunde.
Koma albatrosses ali ndi mkhalidwe wina wosangalatsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda kupeza chakudya m'malo osiyanasiyana: ena amasaka gombe kumtunda wamtunda wa 100 km kuchokera pagombe, ena - kutali ndi kumtunda. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame yoyenda mozungulira ya albatross imapewa madera am'nyanja momwe kuya kwake kuli kosakwana mita 1000. Koma momwe mbalame zimadziwira zakuya, ngati zimangopeza chakudya pamwamba pa madzi, izi zimakhalabe chinsinsi. Pakusamalidwa pachisumbu, mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kugawana malo, mwachitsanzo, Amuna a Tristan albatross adawuluka kukafunafuna chakudya kumadzulo, ndipo chachikazi kummawa kokha.
Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) amachoka pamadzipo.
Amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde akwera omwe akuwonekera kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja kuti ayende mumlengalenga. Choyamba, mbalame ya albatross imakula, kenako ikukonzekera mapiko otambalala, pang'onopang'ono imatsikira pamadzi ndikuyang'ana pansi pamadziwo. Kuchepetsa ndi 1 mita kutalika, albatross imatha kuuluka 2222 m mtunda. Kupanga ndi mapangidwe apadera a mapikowo kumathandiza kuti mbalame zizipulumutsa mphamvu, kuti zizitha kukhala mumlengalenga kwa maola ambiri osapanga mapiko amodzi. Mwakachetechete, ma albatross amakakamizidwa kuwombera mapiko awo, koma samakonda kukwera mlengalenga panthawiyi. Pachifukwachi, albatrosses nthawi zonse amadziwika kuti ndi vuto pakati pa oyendetsa sitima, chifukwa mawonekedwe awo pafupi ndi sitimayo amatanthauza kuyandikira kwa namondwe. Zosangalatsa, ma albatross amafikira pamadzi, koma nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito ma botilo ndi zomata za sitimazo. Chifukwa cha mapiko atali, mbalamezi zimayenda movutikira, zimathamanga, zimakonda kuchoka m'matanthwe kapena potsetsereka.
Blackfoot Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes).
Kunja kwa malo okhala zisautso, ma albatross amapezeka mosiyanasiyana, koma m'malo omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka, amatha kupanga magulu oimira mitundu yawo, mitundu ina ya albatross, komanso ma gull, petrels, ndi boobies. Nthawi zina, amatsata mayendedwe odyetsa zinzake, zinsomba zophera ndi zombo zophera nsomba, mololera kulanda zotsalira za zomwe wina agwiritse ntchito kapena kuwedza. Ma Albatrosses amakhala odekha kwa abale awo ndi mbalame zina, mtundu wa mbalamezi ndi wofatsa komanso wodalirika, mwachitsanzo, pamalo ochezera a albatrosses amatha kulola munthu kuti ayandikire.
Albatross amayang'ana chisokonezo chomwe chili pafupi.
Albatrosses amadya nsomba, squid ndi crustaceans, koma amatha kudya plankton yaying'ono ndi carrion. Mitundu ina imakonda nsomba, kwa ena, squid ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda. Albatrosses amalondola nyama yawo kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikuigwira kuchokera pansi pa nyanja ndikugwira milomo yawo pa ntchentche, koma ngati kuli kofunikira, mbalamezi zimatha kutuluka kuchokera mumlengalenga kapena kuchokera pansi pamadzi mpaka pakuya mamita 12.
Dera la albatrosses akuda bii ku zilumba za Falkland. Kutsogolo, banjali likuchita chibwenzi.
Albatrosses amaberekera zaka ziwiri zilizonse, nthawi yomwe amabwerera kumalo awo obadwira. Komwe zisa zilipo mu koloni zitha kumwazikana kapena kuchuluka. Madera oyandikana nawo kwambiri ndi akuda amtundu wakuda, womwe umatha kukhala ndi zisa mpaka 70 pa 100 m². Zisa za Albatross ndizokweza kuchokera pansi kapena mulu wa udzu wokhala ndi bowo pakati. Galapagos albatrosses alibe zisa konse, motero nthawi zina amazungulira mazira awo kudutsa kolowera kukafunafuna malo abwino mpaka 50m kutali! Pali nthawi zina pomwe mazira adatayika pa skating yotere. Ngati ulesi watayika, albatrosses amathanso kuchita.
Ma albatrosses a miyendo yakuda akusewera kuvina.
Albatrosses ndi mbalame zowopsa; amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa wokondedwa wawo moyo wawo wonse ndipo adzamuzindikira patatha miyezi yambiri osakhalapo. Ntchito yoboola imatenga zaka. Zaka zingapo zoyambirira, mbalame zazing'ono zimawulukira kumalo osungira zakudya ndi kudya, koma osapeza mnzake, chifukwa sakudziwa chilankhulo cha manja. Popita nthawi, amasintha maluso awo ndikupeza mnzake woyenera, ndipo mbalame zamtundu umodzi gulu lawo lodziwika limakhazikitsidwa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, awiriwa okhazikika amasiya kuyenda kwa nthawi, ndiye kuti, albatrosses amagwiritsa ntchito miyambo yokhayo kupangira awiri, osati kutengera pakatikati. Mwambo wokwatirana umatsikira kuti utuluke nthenga pakati pawo ndi mnzake, ndikutembenuza mutu, ndikugwetsa mutu ndikugugudika, ndikuwulutsa mapiko otambasuka, ndikutsegula mulomo ndikugwira mulomo wa mnzakeyo ("kupsompsona"). Mawu a mbalame yotchedwa albatross amafanana ndi mtanda pakati pa kakhwangwala ndi tsekwe.
Albatross yoyendayenda ikuyimba nyimbo yokomera pamaso pa mkazi.
Albatrosses nthawi zonse amangoyikira dzira limodzi lalikulu ndikulilowetsa. Kusintha kwa zibwenzi kumachitika kawirikawiri - kuyambira kamodzi patsiku mpaka kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Nthawi yonseyi, mbalame zimakhala pachisa kuti zisasunthike osadya chilichonse, pomwe zikuchepa kwambiri. Nthawi yocheza kwa albatrosses ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa mbalame zonse - masiku 70-80.
Albatross yachikazi wakuda wakuda wokhala ndi mwana wankhuku.
Makolo a mwana wa mbewa yoswedwa ayambe kuswedwa ndi kutenthetsanso: pomwe kholo limodzi limakhala pachisa, chachiwiri limasaka ndikuwuluka ndi nyama. Masabata atatu oyambilira anapiye amadyetsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono, pomwe makolo amatulutsa mwana wankhuku, kenako mbalame zonse zazikuluzo zimachoka pachisa zija ndikumaziyendera pang'ono. Zowona, kuti nthawi imodzi amabweretsa chakudya chochuluka (mpaka 12% ya kulemera kwawo), koma ndizofala kuti anapiye a albatross azikhala pachisa masiku angapo okha. Mukamadya, anapiyewa amadziunjika m'mimba zawo chakudya chambiri cholowetsedwa, chomwe chimakhala mphamvu zawo.
Phukusi lalikulu kwambiri la albatross loyendayenda linakhala pachaka pafupifupi pachaka.
Nthawi yocheza ndi albatrosses ndi yayitali kwambiri - anapiye amachoka chisa pambuyo masiku 140-170 (ang'onoang'ono) kapena masiku 280 (mu albatross) oyendayenda. Panthawi imeneyi, zimatha kusunthira kawiri ndi kulemera kuposa mbalame yayikulu. Kulera mwana wankhuku kumathera pomwe makolo akuchoka chisa, ndipo anapiye ... atsalira. Amatha kukhala masiku owerengeka kapena masabata chisa mpaka chimalira, ndiye anapiyewo kupita kolowera, komwe amakakhala ndi mapiko kwakanthawi. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yosaulukayi anapiyewa amakhala pamadzi ndipo nthawi imeneyi amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha asodzi, omwe amapita kuzilumba kukasaka anapiye. Kuphatikiza pa shaki, ma albatross alibe mdani wachilengedwe. Ma albatross achichepere amauluka kuchokera kubadwira kwawo kupita kunyanja kuti abwerere kuno patatha zaka zochepa. Mitundu ya mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zonse imakhala yosadetseka kuposa ya akulu; pakapita zaka imayamba kuwala. Kutha mu mbalamezi kumadza mochedwa kwambiri - pofika zaka 5, koma amayamba kuchita nawo zoberekera kuyambira zaka 9 mpaka 10 zokha. Kubala chonde komanso kuchepa kwa thupi kumakwanira nthawi yayitali, ma albatross amakhala ndi zaka 30-60!
Zotsalira za albatross ndi zinyalala za pulasitiki zomwe mbalame imameza nthawi yonseyi.
M'masiku akale, zisa za albatross zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyenda panyanja ndi nsomba kuti agwire mazira, mafuta ndi fluff. Mazira adatola ndi dzanja, mafuta adasungunuka kuchokera ku anapiye, ndipo fluff amatengedwa pamitembo yawo. Panthawi ina, mazira masauzande masauzande ndi mafuta angapo amatha kutumizidwa kuchokera pachilumbachi. Kugunda kwamphamvu chifukwa cha malo okhala ndi zokhala kale zokhala ma albatrosses kunachepetsa kwambiri, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 18-19, kulamulidwa kwa zilumba ndi anthu kunawonjezeranso tsokali. Otsutsawo adabweretsa amphaka, agalu, ndi ng'ombe kuzilumbazi, zomwe zimasokoneza mbalame zodyera ndikuwonongera anapiye. Kuphatikiza apo, ma albatrosses adawomberedwa kuchokera ku zombo zosangalatsa ndikusodza nyambo ngati nsomba. Mitundu yambiri ya ma albatrosses adaopsezedwa kuti awonongeke. Amsterdam, Chatham, ndi ma albatrosses okhala ndi manja oyera amawonedwa ngati osowa kwambiri; otsirizawa adadziwika kale kuti amwalira mu 1949, koma, mwamwayi, mabanja angapo adapulumuka. Kuteteza mosamala kwadzetsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kwa anthu mazana angapo, omwe, omwe, sangatchulidwe otetezeka.
Ma albatrosses amdima akuda (Phoebastria immutabilis) amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala pakati pa zinyalala zapulasitiki zomwe zimathera pazilumba zopanda anthu.
Masiku ano, ma albatrosses akuvutika ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nyanjayi pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala ndi mafuta: mafuta amasokoneza kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndipo zimakhala zosayenera kuuluka, ndipo ma albatross nthawi zambiri amatenga zinyalala kuti apange ndikuyesera kumeza. Kuchulukana kwa zinyalala m'mimba pakapita nthawi kumabweretsa mbalameyo kufa. Pakadali pano, mwa mitundu 21 ya ma albatrosses, 19 alembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira! Kuti ateteze mbalame zokongola izi, Australia, New Zealand, UK, France, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil ndi Ecuador asainira Pangano Losungira Alendo la Albatross ndi Petrel.
Onani pa miyambo yachakuda ya akhungu akhungu.
Werengani za nyama zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi: boobies, atsekwe, anamgumi, wankhonya wakupha, squid.
Adani
Imfa pakati pa mbalamezi ndizotsika kwambiri. M'malo otseguka a nyanja, palibe chomwe chimawopseza albatross. Zowopsa zimangobwera pokhapokha nestating, ndipo ngakhale apo sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Palibe zilombo zolusa kuzilumbazi. Ziwopsezozi zimatha kubwera kokha kuchokera ku amphaka achabechabe omwe amabweretsedwa ndi anthu ndikusiyidwa pamtunda wopanda anthu, kapena makoswe akugwera pachisumbu kuchokera kuzombo. Nyama izi zimatha kulimbana ndi mbalame zomwe zimaswa kapena chimwana. M'zaka za XX, chowopseza cha albatross anali bambo. Mopanda kufafaniza mopyola mbalame zazikulu chifukwa cha nthenga zawo, zomwe zimapita ku zipewa zazimayi. Masiku ano, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ma albatross amatetezedwa ndi World Conservation Union.
Zolemba
- Boehme R. L., Flint V.E.
Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Mbalame. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French / Yosintha ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Russia. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 15 - 2030 makopi. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0. - [News.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/09/americas-oldest-wild-bird-is-a-new-mom mbalame yakale kwambiri ku America ndi mayi watsopano], CNN (Marichi 9, 2011). Zabwezedwanso March 9, 2011. "mawu
: Mbalameyi idadziwika koyamba ndipo idalumikizidwa ndi wofufuza wa USGS mu 1956 pomwe inkapanga dzira, malinga ndi USGS. Monga momwe Laysan albatross sangathe kubereka asanakwanitse zaka 5 - ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri asanabadwe kunyanja - asayansi akuyerekezera kuti Nzeru ili ndi zaka pafupifupi 60. "Amatha kukhala okulirapo, ngakhale, momwe Laysan albatrosses samabadwira mpaka azaka 8 kapena 9 atatha chibwenzi ...".
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbalame
- Ma Albatrosses amadziwika kuti ndi ma nomads osatha, alibe malo okhazikika. Miyoyo yawo yonse, kupatula nthawi yopanda chakudya, mbalame zimatha kupitilira nyanja ndipo zimagona pansi.
- Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa albatross ndi 50 km / h, kutalika kwake ndi 80 km / h. Mbalame yachikulire imawuluka makilomita 800-1000 patsiku. Ndipo dziko lapansi limazungulira masiku 46.
- Albatrosses chisa chomwe chimafotokozedwa mosamalitsa kumtundu uliwonse wamtundu uliwonse, ndikubwerera kumalo komwe anabadwira.
- Kuuluka, ma albatross amateteza mphamvu chifukwa mapikidwe ake, ndikuwathandiza kuti azitha kukonzekera mphepo. Chifukwa chake, munyengo yakutonthola, mbalame sizimatuluka mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha izi, oyendetsa sitimawo ankaona kuti albatross ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa maonekedwe ake amatanthauza kuyandikira kwa chimphepo.
- Zaka zambiri zapitazo, ma albatross ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mazira, mafuta, komanso fluff. Anthu adawononga malo okhala zisa, ndipo mbalame adawomberedwa. Zonsezi zidadzetsa kuti lero mitundu 19 mwa 21 ya ma albatross amalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo ali pangozi yotha.
Kubala albatrosses ndi mapera
Ngakhale "kusowa pokhala" albatrosses chisa m'malo odziwika bwino, komwe iwonso adabadwira. Awa ndi Hawaii, Japan Galapogos ndi Falkland Islands.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti iwo sanapitirirepo mamita makumi awiri ndi awiri kuchokera komwe adabadwira. Kwa mbalame zomwe sizinawone kwazaka zambiri, uku ndikumbukiro wabwino kwambiri komanso kulondola kodabwitsa.
Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) amachoka pamadzipo.
Albatrosses amapanga zisa pansi kapena kuchokera pansi kapena pamulu wa udzu wokhala ndi bowo pakati.
Galapagos albatrosses samamanga zisa konse, nthawi zina amapitilira mazira pofufuza malo abwino.
Zakudya zamtchire mbalame zamtundu wina wamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa nthawi ya nesting. Amuna a Tristan albatross amawuluka kupita kukafunafuna chakudya kumadzulo, chachikazi kummawa kokha.
Blackfoot Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes).
Mu albatrosses, nthawi yocheza ndi yayitali kwambiri - kuchokera ku 140 zazing'onozing'ono mpaka masiku 280 mu albatross woyendayenda. Panthawi imeneyi, anapiye amawonjezeka kawiri ndikulemera kwambiri. Pomaliza, nthawi inafika pamene makolo amachoka chisa kwamuyaya, ndipo mwana wankhuku amakhala yekha wangwiro. Amakhala masiku angapo kapena masabata chisa, kenako ndikumapita kolowera, komwe amakula. MaChick amatha nthawi yonseyi pamadzi ndipo amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha asodzi.
Albatross amayang'ana chisokonezo chomwe chili pafupi.
