Moni kachiwiri, owerenga okondedwa. Munkhaniyi ndikuwonetsani oyimira apadera kwambiri a mbalame zadziko lathuli.
Mbalame yachilendo kwambiri ili kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi.

Tiyeni tiyambe!

1. Parrot wokhala ndi mbewa wagolide

Iyi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zosowa kwambiri, zomwe zimangokhala Wa ku Australia pa mitengo ya tiyi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi gawo laling'ono komanso pamimba lalikulu.
Mwa njira, ndikulimbikitsa kuti muwerenge nkhani yanga - mfundo 10 zodabwitsa za ku Australia. 💖

2. Mbalame yachikondi kwambiri - Brintant penta malur

Chifukwa chiyani zachikondi kwambiri? Ndiosavuta - panthawi yakubzala, amphongo amapeza masamba am'maluwa ndikubwera nawo ngati mphatso kwa akazi. (Amuna ambiri atenge zitsanzo kuchokera ku mbalame zazing'ono zazing'onozi.)
M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu umasanduka wonyezimira ndipo mapiko ndi mchira wake zokha ndi zomwe zimakhala zabuluu.

3. Shpatelteil - mbalame yodabwitsa yopatsa dzina. 😏

Mbalame yaying'ono yotalika pafupifupi 10 cm imatha kutchedwa kuti imodzi ya chosowa . Chifukwa cha kugwa kwa nkhalango yamvula, a Spatelleis amakakamizika kusuntha mosalekeza. Amakhala m'makona akutali a Peru. Mbalamezi ndizapadera osati mtundu wake, komanso mchira - zimakhala Zonse wa nthenga zinayi ((ziwiri zabuluu kumapeto kwake ndi zina ziwiri zowonda, ngati tinyanga ta tizilombo touluka).

4. Mbalame Yopatulika Quetzal

Mbalame ya Quetzal inali zopatulika Kwa Aaziteki ndi anthu akuMayan - adamulembera munthu wamulungu, chinali chizindikiro cha zabwino, zopepuka, masika ndi mbewu .. Kwakukulu, zokongola zonse. Amakhala munkhalango zowirira za ku Central America, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizivuta kuwona nthumwi zamtunduwu. Masiku ano, mbalamezi zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira la Dziko Lonse monga mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuchepa kwa dera la nkhalango zotentha ndi zamapiri.

5. Guiana mwala cockerel

Mbalameyi ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa zonse zomwe ndakupangirani. Ali ngati dziko lina!
Guiana mwala cockerel amakhala kumwera kwa Venezuela pafupi ndi Rio Negro River.
Amphongo amakopeka kwambiri ndi maula a bulauni omwe amakhala ndi mapiko kumapeto kwake komanso kachikaso kowoneka bwino kwambiri kamtundu wa lalanje, kameneka, kamakakulitsidwa, kamakutira kwathunthu. (pafupifupi. 2 zithunzi) .

Zizindikiro zakunja za utoto wopaka

Malur ojambulidwa bwino ndi mbalame yaying'ono yotalika masentimita 14 okha. Imene imapaka utoto wachimuna ndi nthenga zofiirira pamutu ndi makutu ake.

Khosi lake ndi lofiirira, mapiko ake, chifuwa ndi mchira wake ndi buluu wakuda. Mlomo ndi wakuda. Mzere wooneka mozungulira maso ndi chifuwa. Chifukwa cha kuswana, amphaka amapeza zolaula, mapiko amtambo ndi mchira wamtambo. Akazi ndi ofanana ndi akazi awo, koma ali ndi mlomo wa mgoza ndi malo kuzungulira maso.

Kufalitsa ndi malo okhala ojambula bwino

Ma malur ojambulidwa bwino amakhala kumadera lachipululu ku Australia. Mbalame ndizovuta ku Australia. Imagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kumwera chakumadzulo. Malur penti okongola amakhala m'malo owuma, malo opanda kanthu omwe anaphimbidwa ndi mitengo ya acacias komanso mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya eucalyptus, ndipo amapezekanso m'matondo. Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika kumadera okhala ndi miyala yambiri ndi nkhalango zowirira, komwe mumatha kubisala modzitchinjiriza kwa adani komanso mphepo.

Malur wojambulidwa bwino (Malurus).

Zomwe zimachitika pa luso la utoto waluso

Zilonda zojambulidwa mwaluso zimasaka zonse potseguka, ndi pafupi ndi malo okhala ndi masamba owala.

Mbalame zimayendayenda uku ndi kudumphadumpha kosangalatsa komwe kumagwirizana ndi kugunda. Kutalika kwa malur penti yowoneka bwino kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mchira wotalika wopindika.

Mapiko afupi, ozungulira amathandizira kuti ayambemo mwachangu. Zilonda zimayendayenda pang'ono. M'nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yotentha, mbalame zimagwira ntchito masana. Atatha kudyetsa, amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikudikirira kutentha kwa tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, kulibe chakudya chochuluka, choncho zopaka utoto zimadyetsedwa tsiku lonse.

Amphongo chifukwa cha nyengo yakubereketsa, zazikazi ndi anapiye amakhala akuda kwambiri.

Magulu a mbalame kuchokera kwa anthu 2-8 amakhalabe pagawo lawo, kuteteza kwa ochita mpikisano. Kukula kwake m'nkhalango kunali mahekitala 4.4. Otsatira a maluria amasokonezedwa pachisa chifukwa cha zovuta zawo. Nthawi yomweyo, mutu, khosi ndi mchira wa mbalame zimagwera, mapiko amatambalala ndipo thupi limatupa. Kenako mbalameyo imayamba kuthamanga, ndikupereka mokuwa. Chungwa lamkuwa lamkuwa ndi tchire lofiirira-lofiira limatulutsa zisa mu zotupa zopaka utoto. Kuphatikiza apo, kookabur, crow-whistler, magpie flycatchers akhazikika.

Khalidwe la matching la maluras odala

Khalidwe la amuna achimuna anzeru opaka mwaluso nthawi yakubzala ndizachilendo. Pofuna kukopa akazi, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: "kuwuluka kwa seahorse" ndi "mutu fan". Mbali yoyamba, mbalamezi zimayenda ngati mbalame yomwe ili ndi khosi lalitali komanso nthenga zikaimirira pamapeto zikuwoneka ngati seahorse. Njira ya "mutu wapamwamba" imawonetsa makutu akukulira mkhutu.

Mukamasewera matching, amuna amang'amba pamwala wamtundu wa pinki kapena wofiirira ndikuwonetsa kwa akazi.

Amuna a penti achimuna amakopa chidwi cha akazi, omwe adula masamba a maluwa. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito ma corollas apinki ndi ofiirira. Mphatso ngati imeneyi imayitana wamkazi ndipo imaperekedwa pagawo lomwe wamwamuna amakhala. Nthawi zina, kunja kwanyengo yoswana, abambo omwe amakhala kumayiko ena amapatsa zamphongo zazikazi, kuwakopa kumalo awo. Ngakhale kupaka utoto ndi mbalame zokhazokha, matendawa amakhalanso ndi anthu ena. Kuchokera kwa amuna ochokera m'magulu ena kumawonekera anapiye ambiri.

Chakudya chokongola chopaka utoto

Malur penti waluso amadya makamaka tizilombo. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo nyerere, akangaude, kafadala, zitini, ziwala.

Gulu lonse laimuna limadyetsedwa ana.

Kuphatikiza apo, waluso wopaka mwaluso amadya maluwa, njere, zipatso. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimadyera pansi kapena zitsamba zopezeka pafupifupi mita 2 pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthawi zina mabala amapeza chakudya pakati pa buluzi wotulutsa, kubisala kwa adani. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikusowa chakudya, mbalame zimadya nyerere.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa malyur okongola

Zilonda zopentedwa mwaluso kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Januwale. Zachikazi zimapanga chisa chozungulira ngati utoto, kumachikulunga ndi udzu womata womata. Chisa chija chimakhala chobisika pakati pa masamba ochulukirachulukira ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chambiri, nthawi zambiri mumiyala ya mthethe.

Malurs amatha kukhala ndi ana amodzi kapena awiri pa nyengo. Masonry amapanga mazira oyera-matte-oyera-mabati a 1,2 × 1,6 masentimita ofanana ndi makoko ofiira. Zachikazi zokha zimagwira masiku 14-15. Anthu onse m'gulululi amadyetsa ana. Amabweretsa chakudya ndikuchotsa ndowe. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, anapiye amatha kupeza chakudya chawo. Pambuyo pakukula, mbalame zazing'ono zimangokhala mgulu la banja monga othandizira kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kupitirira. Nthawi zina amalumikizana ndi gulu lina la mbalame, nthawi zambiri yoyandikana nayo, kapena kuyamba kubereka m'mabanja awo. Poterepa, zilonda zopaka mwaluso zimawonetsera zanyama kuti zipulumuke.

Kusintha chakudyacho ndi njira yabwino yopulumutsira ovuta, chifukwa chake zilonda zimakonda kudyetsa ana ndi ziwala ndi mbozi.

Anapiye ang'ono amafunikira chakudya chochuluka ndipo makolo owabereka sangathe kudyetsa ana, chifukwa chake amuna amathandizi amathandizo amathandizo amachikulire amalimba ndikusiya chisa. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuwonjezeka.

Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe atsimikizira kuti "mbalame za nanny" ndi "mbalame za makolo" zimalumikizidwa pamtundu komanso mwachilengedwe. Chofunika koposa, mtundu wapadera wamtundu wamtundu umasungidwa.

Chithunzi cha malur

Malur okongola ojambula anasintha bwino kwambiri kukhala kumizinda yamatawuni. Mwina izi zidathandizira kupewa kuchepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame. Pakadali pano, maluraki opaka bwino ndi amtunduwu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chambiri chochuluka ndipo amakhala osakhazikika.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kuchulukitsa

Mbalameyi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu 12 ya mitundu yotchedwa malur yomwe imapezeka ku Australia komanso madera otsika ku New Guinea. Mtunduwu, wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi mbalameyo ndi utoto wokongola wopaka utoto. Kenako, wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa malac-cap utoto wochokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Australia.

Institution adayamba kusungidwa kudera la King George Sound. , ndipo mu 1830 adafotokozedwanso Saxicola imawala Akatswiri achilengedwe achi France Cua ndi Gemard. Zaka zitatu izi zisanachitike, a John Gould adapatsa mbalameyo dzina la sayansi. Malurus pectoralis . Ngakhale adayika nyanjayo molondola pamtundu wa zilonda zopaka, mitundu yamitundu ya olemba akale idachitapo kanthu. Mitundu epithet yochokera ku liwu Lachilatini yowalazomwe zikutanthauza "chowala." Monga zovuta zina zopaka utoto, mbalameyo sibale wa mtundu weniweni wa maiyo. Choyamba, adayikidwa ndi Richard Sharp mu banja la ntchentche, kenako wolemba yemweyo m'banja la Slavkov, ndipo mu 1975 adakhala mu banja la Malyur lomwe linali litangopangidwa kumene. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa DNA adawonetsa kuti mbalame zamtundu woyambira ndi utawaleza zochokera ku mitundu yosanja yodziwika bwino ndizabanja la maluria Meliphagoidea .

Masanjidwe

Pakadali pano, mabizinesi anayi adadziwika mu taxonomy: Ms. yowala ku Western Australia, Ms. musgravei ku Central Australia (ma subspecies omwe kale ankadziwika kuti Ms. kalalino), Ms. melanotus ku mainland australia ndi Ms. emmottorum kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Queensland. Poyamba, adawatengedwa ngati mitundu itatu yosiyana, popeza anali kutali ndi malire awo ndi mitundu ina. Komabe, nditaphunzira zigawo zamkati mwa Australia, zinaonekeratu kuti zidutsa madera chifukwa kudutsa magulu amtundu uliwonse. Chifukwa chake, mu 1975, mitundu itatu yoyamba idakhala mtundu wa malur wokongola kwambiri.

• Ms. yowala, lotchedwa wanzeru, kapena milozo yopaka utoto wopezeka pakati komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia. Uwu ndi mndandanda woyamba womwe Kua ndi Gemar adapereka dzina lasayansi mu 1830.
• Ms. melanotus, lotchedwa utoto wakuda kumbuyo, monga mtundu wosiyana ndi womwe anafotokozedwa ndi John Gould mu 1841. Imapezeka m'dera lomwe kukukula kwa eucalyptus ku South Australia (dera la Sedan kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Adelaide) kumadzulo kwa Victoria, kumadzulo kwa New South Wales ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Queensland. Amasiyana ndi mayendedwe osankhidwa ndi kumbuyo kwake kwakuda ndi gawo loyera lam'mimba.
• Ms. musgravei idafotokozedwa mu 1922 ndi katswiri wazopanga zam'madzi dzina lake Gregory Matthews ngati mtundu wosiyana ndi Lake Air ku Central Australia. Imachitika m'magawo okukula kwa mitsempha yopanda vein. ndi ma eucalyptus odabwitsa kumadera ambiri kumwera kwa Australia ndi kumwera kwa Northern Territory. Mosiyana ndi ma subspecies amtunduwu, mbalameyo imakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wobiriwira kapena wofiyira, komanso chotupa chakuda. Olemba omwe adagwidwa ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala a Peter White. ndipo analandila dzina lasayansi kuchokera kwa John Gould mu 1867, anali ndi masinthidwe ambiri, pakati omwe amadziwika kuti M. callainus kapena utoto wopaka utoto. Zosonkhanitsa zoyambirira amavala mitundu epithet kalalinoankawerengedwa kuti ndi osakanikirana masiku ano musgravei ndi melanotus ndipo kuyambira pamenepo wakhala ali nalo dzinali musgravei .
• Ms. emmottorum kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Queensland, mu kuwunika kwa Shodd ndi Mason mu 1999, adalandira malongosoledwe ndi mbiri ya olembetsedwa. Mabanjawa adatchedwa Angus Emmott, mlimi komanso wasayansi wazomera zaku Queensland.

Chiyambi

M'nkhani yake ya 1982, Richard Shodd, yemwe ndi katswiri wazamaphunziro, ananena kuti makolo akale a ziboliboli zokongola komanso zaluso ndizachikhalidwe chakumwera. Kwina m'mbuyomu, adagawika kum'mwera chakumadzulo (malur ochenjera) ndi kumwera chakum'mawa (malur) okongola. Popeza kumwera chakumadzulo kunali kotentha kwambiri kuposa kum'mwera chakum'mawa, komwe kunali malo abwino, zojambula zowoneka bwino zimatha kufalikira mkatikati. Adagawika m'magulu awiri, omwe adadziyang'anira munyengo yachisanu yotsatira kufikira pomwe nyengo yabwino kwambiri idasamalira kusamuka kwawo ndikuwoloka chifukwa chodutsa magawo awo. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti kulekanitsa koyambirira kunachitika osati kale kwambiri, chifukwa maguluwo analibe nthawi yokwanira yogawa mitundu. Maphunziro owonjezeranso maselo angapangitse kuti izi zisinthe.

Kufotokozera

Malur ojambulidwa bwino ndi mbalame yaying'ono yotalika masentimita 14. Atakhala ndi chithunzi cholakwika cha kugonana, aberekawo amasiyana pakati pa achikazi okhala ndi mphumi wabuluu wowoneka bwino komanso zokutira khutu, khosi lofiirira, mapiko amtambo wabuluu, chifuwa ndi mchira wokhala ndi mlomo wakuda, mzere kuzungulira maso ndi chifuwa. . Chovala chokwera buluu cha amuna nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa kuti nthenga zanthete. Pazaka zobereketsa, yamphongo imakhala ndi zolaula zofiirira, mapiko amtambo ndi mchira wamtambo. Akazi ndi ofanana ndi amuna nthawi yobereketsa, koma amakhala ndi mkamwa wam'maso ndi malo owazungulira. Atadulidwa, anyamata achichepere amavala zovala zawo zogwirizira munyengo yoyamba kubereka, ngakhale kuti zimatha kutenga chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri kuti zitheke, monga momwe mabango a bulauni amawonekera. Amphongo onse atatha kubereka molt mu kugwa, ndi amuna ovala zodetsa zakuda. Mboninso zimavala zovala zokomera nyengo yozizira kapena masika. Amuna achikulire ena anali abuluu chaka chonse, ovala mwachindunji chaka ndi chaka pamatambala a matingidwe. Utoto wamtambo waimuna nthawi yakuswana, makamaka nthenga zakutseka za khutu, zinawoneka zolimba chifukwa chamtambo komanso chopindika chogundana ndi mbedza. Mphepo yamtambo imawonetseranso mphamvu yama radiation ya ultraviolet, chifukwa imawonekera kwambiri pakuvulala kwina komwe mawonekedwe amtundu ali m'mbali iyi. Vocalization imafanana ndi kupindika kolimba: imakhala yokhwima komanso yopepuka kuposa utoto wina ndipo imasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zofewa trrt amagwira ntchito yolumikizana pakati pa gulu la odyetsa, pomwe tcit ndi alamu. Pakawopsezedwa, ma cockoos ndi ena obisalamo amatha kupatsana moni ndikuwongoka. Zachikazi zimapanga phokoso lachivunda pakubala.

Kugawa ndi malo okhala

Mtunduwu ndi wofalikira kumadera ouma ndi ouma a Australia. Malo okhala nthawi zambiri amakhala omata komanso odzala ndi zitsamba: mthethe ndi zipatso zazitali kwambiri m'malo a chipululu ndi malo a nkhalango kumwera chakumadzulo. Mabungwe azakumadzulo yowala ndi melanotus kumakhala moyo wongokhala, ngakhale uli mabungwe musgravei osunthira pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi malyur okongola a kum'mawa, mbalameyi sinasinthidwe bwino ndi malo anthropogenic ndipo inazimiririka kumizinda ina. Kubzala mitengo yamitengo ya payini ndi buluzi ndi malo osayenera chifukwa mulibe udzuwo.

Khalidwe

Monga zojambula zonse zopaka utoto, nyamayo ndi yosaka yosasaka, makamaka pobisika pafupi ndi pogona, komanso masamba akuya kwambiri. Kuyenda kwa mbalame ndi mndandanda wosangalatsa ndi kulumpha, ndipo mbalamezo zimayang'ana moyenera ngati mchira wopingasa, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wowongoka, nthawi zambiri momwe umayambira.Mapiko afupi, ozungulira amapereka bwino koyambirira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndege zazifupi koma zazifupi. Komabe, zilonda zopaka bwino zimapirira kwambiri kuposa zovuta zina zopaka utoto. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mbalame zimagwira ntchito masana mbandakucha ndikuimba nyimbo nthawi yakusaka. Tizilomboti tili ndi zochulukirapo komanso zosavuta kugwira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbalame zizimasuka pakati paulendo. Magulu nthawi ya kutentha masana amakhala limodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amasuka. M'nyengo yozizira, kupeza chakudya kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, motero mbalame zimadyetsa mosalekeza tsiku lonse.

Gulu la anthu awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu limakhalabe pagawo lawo ndipo limaliteteza chaka chonse. Kukula kwake kuli mahekitala 4.4 m'malo okhala nkhalango. Kukula kumachepera ndi kuchuluka kwa msamba komanso kuchuluka kwa amuna omwe ali mgululi. Gululi limakhala ndi banja lokhala ndi banja limodzi lomwe limakhala ndi mbalame imodzi kapena zingapo zothandizira mbalame zomwe zimabadwa m'derali, osati ana a anthu awiriwo. Mbalame zimakhala ndi moyo wogonana wosasunthika, ndipo aliyense amakumana ndi anthu ena ndipo amathandizanso kulera anapiye omwe amatuluka chifukwa cha misonkhanoyi. Zoposa gawo limodzi la magawo atatu a ana zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhwima mwa "kunja". Mbalame zothandizira zimagwira nawo ntchito yoteteza malowa, komanso kudyetsa ndi kulera anapiye. Mbalame zili mgululo zimakhala moyandikana m'malo ogona, komanso zimagwira nawo ntchito yoyeretsa nthenga.

Mphete zazikulu zodyera ndi khwangwala wolira, mbalame zamaluwa, kuseka kookaburra, akhwangwala oyimba. , corvidae, agpie flycatchers, komanso zoweta zomwe zimayambitsa, monga nkhandwe wamba, mphaka ndi makoswe akuda. Monga zowawa zina, nyamazo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "kuthamanga kuzungulira mbewa" kuti zisokoneze zodya zisa zobiriwira zazisa mbalame. Nthawi yomweyo, mutu, khosi ndi mchira ndikugwe, mapiko amagwiridwa ndipo thupi limatupa, pambuyo pake mbalameyo imayamba kuthamanga, ndikupereka kaphokoso kosalekeza.

Gome: Gulu la malyur opaka utoto wamitundu yambiri

Zojambula zingapo (lat. Malurus lamberti- - mbalame yaying'ono yokongoletsedwa bwino yochokera ku banja laling'ono, ikukhala pafupifupi kulikonse ku Australia.

Ubwenzi

Amuna opaka utoto amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kukopa zazikazi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kuthawa kwa seahorse" ndi "fan fan". Njira yoyamba, yomwe yatchulidwa kuti ikufanana ndi kayendedwe ka madzi am'madzi, ndi kagalimoto kolimba ngati kamtunda kamene kamuna kamene kali ndi khosi komanso nthenga kuyimirira pamapeto imasuntha thupi kuchokera mbali yopingasa mpaka yokhazikika, kenako ndikugwera pansi pang'onopang'ono, ndikupukutira mapiko ake mwachangu, ndipo ikamatera idumpha. Njira ya "mutu wapamwamba" imatengedwa kuti ndi gawo la chiwonetsero chazandewu kapena zachiwerewere, chifukwa chake nthenga zakutseka za khutu zimayamba kudzaza ndi magazi ndikuwuka.

Chinthu china chosangalatsa cha amuna opaka utoto nthawi yakuswana ndi khola ndi chiwonetsero cha maluwa a maluwa kwa akazi. Mtunduwu umagwiritsa ntchito miyala yapinki yapinki ndi yofiirira, yomwe imasiyana ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwawo. Ziphuphu ndi gawo la zochitika zachibwenzi ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa akazi achimuna kapena madera ena. Kunja kwa nyengo yakubzala, abambo akumayiko akunja nthawi zina amapatsa zazikazi zazikazi, mwina kuti aziwakopa mdera lawo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuvulala kwamtoto ndi mbalame zodziyendera limodzi, koma kumakhala ndi moyo wosagwirizana: maanja amalumikizana moyo, koma wina ndi mnzake amakumana ndi anthu ena. Ambiri mwa anapiyewa amawonekera kuchokera kwa amuna ochokera kwa alendo. Nthawi zonse ma ntchentche samawonekera awiriawiri, komanso kwa amuna ena omwe amakhala ndi mnzake wamkazi. Chifukwa chake, thireyi ya pamakhala ndi chikhalidwe chomwe mwina chimalimbikitsa awiriawiri. Ngolo ya petal ikhoza kukhalanso njira yokopa amuna ena kuti agwirizane ndi wamkazi. Mulimonsemo, umboni sutsata mwamphamvu kulumikizana kwamtundu wa petal ndi mating pambuyo pake.

Ofufuza kuchokera ku Depatimenti ya Zachilengedwe ndi Kukopa kwa Yunivesite ya Chicago mu 2010 mu nyuzipepala ya Behavioral Ecology (Eng.) inafalitsa nkhani yotsimikizira kuti wamwamuna wamtunduwu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti “mating” pofotokoza mawu a woimba. Nyimbo zopanda mayimidwe zimalira mawu oopseza ndi mayitanidwe achikazi, omwe amakhala olimba pamaso pa adani, ndi nyimbo za mtundu wachiwiri kuposa ngozi, zomwe sizimveka phokoso lakutali.

Dera la malyur opaka utoto wamitundu yambiri

Zilonda zopakidwa utoto wamitundu mitundu zili pangozi ku Australia. Kontinentiyo imagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse kupatula kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo, ngakhale madera achipululu mkati mwa kontrakitala sanali osiyana. Komabe, ndi chidwi chachikulu, mbalamezi zimakhazikika m'malo okhala ndi miyala yambiri ndipo ndizambiri zitsamba zazitali (mthethe, mulenbeckia, eremophile), momwe mungabisike molondola kwa adani komanso mphepo.

Kulera ndi chibwenzi

Amuna a utoto wokhala ndi utoto wamitundu yambiri ali njonda zenizeni. Amayesa kupeza komwe kuli akazi osati ndi mawonekedwe okhaokha komanso nyimbo zogwirizana, kuvina ndikuwonetsa zowulutsa zawo zowala, komanso kuwonetsa maluwa achikasu kwa azimayi.

Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba ndikutuluka kwa kasupe ndikutha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Chisa chopangidwa ndi udzu wautali ndi ma cobwebs chimayimikidwa korona wakuda wosagonjetseka pamtunda wopitilira mita imodzi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 3-4, pomwe patangotha ​​masiku 14-16, anapiye ang'ono, opanda tsitsi. Banja lonse likugwira ntchito yolerera ndi kudyetsa ana aang'ono, makolo modabwitsa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, anapiyewo amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kupeza chakudya chawo. Pakatha chaka, amasiya gulu lakwawo ndikupanga gulu lawo kapena amaphatikizana ndi linzake.