Nsomba yakhungu kapena Mexico Astianax (lat. Astyanax mexicanus) ali ndi mitundu iwiri, yachilendo komanso yakhungu, amakhala m'mapanga. Ndipo, ngati simumawona mwachizolowezi m'mizinda yam'madzi, koma akhungu ndiotchuka.

Pakati pa nsomba izi pali nthawi ya zaka 10,000, yomwe idachotsa maso ndi zina zambiri kuchokera mu nsombazo.

Pokhala m'mapanga m'mphepete momwe mulibe kuwala, nsomba'yi yapanga chidwi chodabwitsa ndi mzere wotsekera, ndikuchiyendetsa kuyenda kwa madzi.

Aulengi ali ndi maso, koma pamene akukula, amakula ndi khungu ndipo nsomba zimayamba kulowera mbali yakumanzere ndi kulawa masamba omwe ali pamutu.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Fomu yopanda diso imangokhala ku Mexico, koma kwenikweni mitunduyi ndi yofalikira ku America konse, kuyambira ku Texas ndi New Mexico kupita ku Guatemala.

Mtengo wamba wa ku Mexico umakhala pafupi ndi madzi ndipo umapezeka pafupifupi madzi aliwonse, kuyambira m'mitsinje kupita m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe.

Nsomba zakhungu zimangokhala m'mapanga a pansi panthaka.

Kufotokozera

Kukula kwakukulu kwa nsombayi ndi 12 cm, mawonekedwe a thupi ndiwofanana ndi onse haracinovye, mtundu yekha ndi wotumbulika komanso wopanda mawonekedwe.

Nsomba zamphanga zimadziwika ndi kusakhala ndi maso komanso khungu, izi ndi ma alubino omwe alibe khungu, thupi ndi loyera.

Pokhala wakhungu, izi tetra sizifunikira kukongoletsa kwapadera kapena pogona ndipo zimapezeka bwino m'mitundu yambiri yamadzi amchere.

Siziwononga mbewu, koma, mwachilengedwe, chilengedwe cha nsomba izi, mbewu sizimakhalapo.

Ziziwoneka zachilengedwe momwe zingathere mu aquarium yopanda mbewu, ndi miyala yayikulu m'mbali ndi miyala yaying'ono pakati ndi nthaka yakuda. Kuunikaku kumakhala kuzimiririka, mwina ndi nyali zofiira kapena zamtambo.

Nsomba zimagwiritsa ntchito mzere wawo wolozera m'malo, ndikuti zizipunthwa pazinthu sizoyenera kuopa.

Komabe, ichi sichiri chifukwa chotsekera m'madzi ndi zokongoletsa, kusiya malo aulere osambira.

Aquarium yokhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 200 ndi zina, yotentha kwamadzi 20 - 25 ° C, pH: 6.5 - 8.0, kuuma 90 - 447 ppm ndikofunikira.

Kuyamba

Dzikoli nsomba zamadzimadzi zimadabwitsa ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yapamwamba. Chitsanzo cha zoterezi ndi Astianax Mexican. Mu Latin, dzina la nsomba limamveka ngati Astyanax mexicanus. Mitundu iwiri ya nsomba iyi imadziwika - wamba ndi wakhungu (wopanda maso).

Mwa akatswiri am'madzi, ndiwachiwiri womwe umadziwika kwambiri. M'mabuku asayansi muli mayina angapo a nsomba: Astianax (Astyanax jordani), nsomba yakhungu yaku Mexico (Blind Mexican Tetra) kapena phanga blind tetra (Blind Cave Tetras). Zambiri za nsombazi zimakhala ndi maso, koma pakapita nthawi zimatengeka ndi thupi ndikulephera kugwira ntchito.

Mtundu wakhungu wa ku Mexico Asitianax unayambitsidwa ku gawo la dziko lathu posachedwa, mu 1960. Ndipo pafupi zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, mu 1978, asitikali am'nyanja adazindikira mawonekedwe.

Asitanianax ndi nsomba yaying'ono yokhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lothinikizidwa pambuyo pake. Kutalika kwa mawonekedwe akhungu kumatha kukhala 9 masentimita, mawonekedwe owonekera a nsomba amakula mpaka 12 cm. Amatha kukhala ndi zaka 5 pazinthu zam'madzi.

Thupi ndi zipsepse zamtundu wakhungu wa nsomba zilibe khungu, zimakhala zowonekera bwino. Thupi la nsombali limakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wa pinki wokhala ndi siliva sheen. Maso a akulu amakhala olimba ndi kanema wolimba wa khungu, koma nsomba zimayang'aniridwa bwino m'malo am'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mzere wam'mbali ndi masamba a zipatso omwe ali pamutu.

Asitianaks a mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi msana wakuda komanso pamimba yasiliva. Mzere wakuda ukuwonekera bwino m'thupi lonse. Zabwino pa anus ndi pinki yotuwa, mwaimuna imakhala ndi lingaliro lolunjika.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti mawonekedwe akhungu la Asitianax adadzuka patadutsa zaka 10,000 kuposa mitundu yonse. Munthawi imeneyi, nsomba zimayenera kukhala m'mapanga amdima. M'malo otere, nsomba imakhudzika kwambiri ndi mzere wam'malo, zomwe zimaloleza nsomba kuti ipite kutsogolo.

Ma Asitianaxes aku Mexico ndi osazindikira kwenikweni, ngakhale oyambitsa akhoza kuwakwanira. Koma kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kudziwa mfundo zina.

Zofunikira za Aquarium

Pansi pazachilengedwe, Asithianaxes amakhala m'malo apamwamba kapena apakati osungira. Mu aquarium, amafunikiranso kupereka mwayi wotere. Kwa gulu la makope 5 mpaka 10, ndibwino kugula aquarium yokhala ndi ma 50-60 malita. Mawonekedwe a aquarium amatha kukhala owongoka, amakongoletsedwe, koma osati ozungulira (mu ozungulira aquarium palibe malo osambira). Copressor ndi fyuluta iyenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium kuti ikwaniritse madzi ndi mpweya ndikuwonetsetsa.

Asodziwo ndi amanyazi, chifukwa chake malo okhala m'madzi amayenera kukhala ndi chikho chophimba.

Kugwirizana

Nsomba zosaoneka bwino komanso zamtendere, zakhungu zakumadzi ndizoyenera kuyambira, popeza zimagwirizana bwino ndi malo omwe amakhala.

Nthawi zina amathina zipsepete kwa oyandikana nawo chakudya, koma izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyeserera koyang'ana osati ndewu.

Sangatchedwe kuti opatsa chidwi komanso owoneka bwino, koma nsomba zakhungu zimawoneka zowoneka bwino komanso zosangalatsa mu sukulu, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukhale ndi anthu osachepera 4-5.

Zofunikira zadothi

Izi nsomba zowonekera bwino zimawoneka zopindulitsa poyang'ana dothi lakuda. Madzi a aquarium amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi phanga laling'ono lokongoletsa - izi zipangitsa kuti nsomba zizikhala pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Koma tizikumbukira kuti dothi ndi zinthu zokongoletsera siziyenera kukhala ndi ngodya zakuthwa kuti nsomba yakhungu isavulazidwe.

Kusiyana pakati pa mkazi ndi wamwamuna

Kuwonongeka kwa kugonana kwa Asitianaxes ku Mexico kumatha kuchitika bwino kwambiri. Yaikazi nthawi zonse imakhala yolimba, yokhala ndi mimba yozungulira. Amasiyana munjira ya anal fin - mwa amuna ndi yozungulira, ndipo mwa akazi ndi yowongoka. Asanayambe kutuluka, zipsepse zamphongo zimasanduka zofiira.

Kufalitsa kwa Asitianax

Asitanian Mexican amatanthauza nsomba zowaza. Kutha msambo kumachitika chaka chimodzi pambuyo pobadwa, koma pali umboni kuti kuswana kwa nsomba kumatha kuchitika zaka zakubadwa zisanu ndi chimodzi. Masiku angapo asanatulutse, amuna ndi akazi amagawidwa m'magulu awiri osiyanasiyana ndipo amadyetsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Kukuswana, gulu laling'ono la Asitianaxes (amuna atatu kapena anayi ndi mkazi m'modzi) limabzalidwa pambali ina. Pomwe mukukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito thanki yayikulu yokhala ndi malita 20 kapena kupitilira. Kudzaza, tengani madzi pachitsime wamba, chomwe 1/3 chimaphatikizidwa ndi chatsopano ndikukhazikika. Kutentha kwa madzi am'madzi kumakwezedwa mpaka kufika madigiri 26-27.

Kubala kumatenga masiku awiri kapena atatu. Nthawi imodzi, zazikazi zimatulutsa mazira 500 mpaka 1000 okhala ndi mulifupi wa 1 mm. Caviar imayikidwa m'malo okwera amadzi, pamalo ake pomwe. Mazira mwachisawawa akabalalika mbali zonse. Pofuna kupulumutsa caviar komanso mwachangu ku chakudya cha makolo, chitsamba chongokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono chimayikidwa munthaka. Mazira ang'ono ndi omata akugwa pansi pamadzi amatira masamba ndipo sadzakhala nsomba ya munthu wamkulu. Ukonde wapadera umayikidwa pansi pa kutulutsa - gawo la mazira limakhalanso pamenepo.

Pamapeto pa kufalikira, opanga nsomba amasamutsidwa kumalo amodzi am'madzi, mukutulutsa, gawo lamadzi limasinthidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito compressor. Pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, mphutsi zimatuluka. Pakatha masiku ena atatu kapena anayi, ana amayamba kusambira ndikuyang'ana chakudya. Asitianax a ku Mexico akhungu a nsomba amakhala ndi maso kwa masiku 50 oyambilira, koma kenako amakokedwa ndi khungu. Ngakhale ndi ziwalo zamasomphenya, mwachangu samawona tinthu tating'onoting'ono chakudya, koma amamva kuti akhudzana ndi thupi.

Monga chakudya choyambirira cha ana, "fumbi lamoyo", nauplii ndi chakudya chouma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Akamakula, mwachangu amasinthidwa ndi kukula kotero kuti anthu akuluakulu asadye ang'onoang'ono.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Yaikazi imadzaza, ndi mimba yayikulu, yozungulira. Kwa amuna, ma anal anal amakhala ndi zozungulira pang'ono, pomwe mwa akazi amawongoka.

Zoyeserera "Pisces" zimawonetsedwa m'mitundu itatu. Ili ndi ntchito yamagulu osiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala ndi ntchito ndi kusankha koyankha kolondola, kupeza machesi, kudziwa gulu lake malingana ndi kufotokozera ndi yankho mwatsatanetsatane la funso.

Chithunzithunzi:

Mayeso "FISH" 1 njira

1. Mtima wa zipinda ziwiri

1) wopanda mutu 2) cartilage ndi fupa nsomba 3) amphibians 4) mbalame ndi zinyama

2. Ndi iti mwa mikhalidwe ya morphological yomwe imasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamfupa kuchokera ku cartilage

1) Maso okutidwa ndi eyelids 2) ngalande zakunja zowonjezera 3) gill wophatikizidwa umaphimba 4) zipsepse zamkati

3. Mbedza yakhungu yakhungu imatha kupeza chakudya ndi:

1) mayendedwe am'madzi ogwidwa ndi mzere,

2) Kugwedezeka kwamadzi omwe agwidwa ndi khutu lapakati,

3) chizindikiro chochokera kuma cellensitive cell a thupi lonse,

4) ma siginolo a elekitiroma ozindikiritsidwa mwachindunji ndi kotekisi ya ubongo.

4. M'm nsomba, magazi amathandizidwa ndi okosijeni m'matumbo, choncho magazi amalowa m'maselo a thupi:

1) wosakanikirana, 2) wokhutidwa ndi kaboni dayoksidi, 3) venous, 4) ochepa.

5. Zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyanitsa nsomba ndi zisa zina -

1) kupezeka kwa msana kuchokera m'madipatimenti atatu 2) bongo kuchokera kumadipatimenti asanu

3) ozungulira wamagazi ozungulira 4) mtima wa zipinda ziwiri

II. 1. Khazikitsani ubale pakati pa magulu a nyama ndi mikhalidwe yawo.

A) Mulinso nsomba zazikulu komanso zokulirapo. Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa adipose fin. Kugawidwa m'malo otentha komanso akumpoto. Nyanja za ku Far East ndi zolemera makamaka. Pambuyo pofalikira, ambiri amafa

B) Thupi “lowoneka bwino” kwambiri ndi zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral, zokutidwa ndi mutu, ndizikhalidwe. Pakamwa, mphuno ndi awiriawiri a ma gill amakhala pagorofa ndipo, monga lamulo, yowala pansi.

1V. 1. Lembani machitidwe a nsomba yam'madzi yam'madzi

2. Fotokozani kayendedwe ka nsomba kamene kamayenda

Mayeso "FISH" 2

I. Sankhani yankho limodzi lolondola

1 .. Nyama yamadzi imakhala ndi njira yoyenda mozungulira komanso mtima wamagonero awiri

1) Ng'ona ya Nile 2) Shaki ya buluu 3) Gologolo wam'madzi 4) Ngwazi

2. Kuchokera m'matumba a nsomba zomwe zimasungidwa zimayenda:

1) magazi a venous, 2) magazi ochepa, 3) hemolymph, 4) magazi osakanikirana.

3. Palibe chikhodzodzo mu:

1) shaki, 2) stingrays, 3) chimera, 4) zonsezi.

4. Msana wa nsomba umagawika m'madipatimenti otsatirawa:

1) thunthu ndi mchira, 2) khomo lachiberekero, thunthu ndi mchira,

3) cervical, thoracic, sacral ndi caudal, 4) palibe magawano m'madipatimenti.

5. Kuwongolera ndi mphamvu yake, kuya kwa kumizidwa kwa nsomba kumamveka

1) chithokomiro cha m'mimba 2) chingwe cha msana 3) mzere wotsatira 4) chikhodzodzo

II. Khazikitsani kulumikizana pakati pa kakhalidwe ka nsomba ndi kalasi komwe kamadziwika.

2. Ikani mgwirizano pakati pa madongosolo amodzi a nsomba ndi mitundu yawo

III. Lembani dzina la gulu la asodzi a nsomba monga tafotokozera

A) Mafupa a m'mafupa. Pali njira yomwe imapitilira pamoyo wawo wonse. Mizere isanu ya zigawo zamapfupa (nsikidzi) yomwe ili kumtunda ndi m'mbali mwake. Kuperewera kwa matupi amitsempha

ozungulira m'mimba valavu, masinthidwe a mtima mumtima.

B) Thupi lokwera, loponderezedwa pang'ono kuchokera kumbali. Kupaka utoto ndimtambo wakuda kapena kubiriwira, pamimba pamakhala loyera ndi siliva tint. Mphepo zopaka utoto ndi zopanda pake ndizofewa. Chingwe cha mbali sichowoneka

1V. 1. Lemberani mtengo wam'mbuyo wa nsomba

2. Fotokozani zam'mimba momwe nsomba zimagwirira ntchito

Mayeso "FISH" 3

I. Sankhani yankho limodzi lolondola

1. Mukuchita kusanduka, msana unayamba kuwonekera

1. lancelet 2) arthropods 3) amphibians 4) nsomba

2. Nyama yokhala ndi mafupa kapena mafupa ojambulidwa m'mafupa, omwe amadzaza ndi zokutira, amaphatikizidwa mgulu

1) nsomba zam'mafupa 2) amphibians 3) nsomba zamatumbo 4) lancelet

3 .. Ndi ziti zodabwitsa zomwe bungwe la nsomba yopanga burashi limapanga kuti zikhale zotheka kuzilingalira ngati makolo a zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi?

1) mamba thupi, kupezeka kwa zipsepse, 2) mapapu, kapangidwe kapadera ka zipsepse,

3) mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi, ziwalo zam'maganizo zopangidwa bwino, 4) kupuma mothandizidwa ndi gill, kuneneratu.

4. Tchati chili:

1) khutu lakunja, lamkati ndi lamkati, 2) khutu lamkati ndi lamkati,

3) khutu lamkati lamkati; 4) palibe ziwalo zapadera zamakutu.

5. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zimalola kuti nsomba izithe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuthana ndi kukana kwamadzi pakuyenda

1) Mtundu woteteza 2) makatani okhala ngati matayala

3) mzere wotsatira 4) tanthauzo la fungo

II. Khazikitsani kulumikizana pakati pa zikhalidwe za nyama ndi magulu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe.

Khazikitsani mgwirizano pakati pa madongosolo amodzi a nsomba ndi mitundu yawo

III. Lembani dzina la gulu la asodzi a nsomba monga tafotokozera

A) Kutuluka kwa vertebrae yakutsogolo kulumikiza chikhodzodzo cha khutu lamkati - zida za weber Pali mano a pharyngeal pamafupa apansi a pharyngeal. Palibe m'mimba, chakudya kuchokera ku esophagus nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'matumbo aatali

B) Gulu lakale la nsomba zamadzi oyera. Ambiri mwa mafupa amakhalabe oopsa. Kuyendetsako kwasungidwa. Kukhalapo kupatula gill ndi kupuma kwamapapo.

IV. 1 pofotokoza kapangidwe ka chikhodzodzo

2. Fotokozani zamanjenje zam'madzi

Nsomba yakuphanga yakhungu

Mu 1936, wofufuza malo dzina lake Salvadoro Corona anapeza nsomba yoyamba ya m'mapanga ya m'mapanga ku Mexico. Anatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo kwa wasayansi waku United States S.V. Jordan, yemwe adafotokoza ndikupereka dzina lasayansi kwa nsomba zodziwikiratu, ndi Anoptichthys jordani wochokera ku banja la haracin. Khungu la woptyctum ndilopanda maonekedwe ndipo ndilibe khungu, ndiye kuti nsomba imeneyi imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, chifukwa cha magazi ofiira omwe amawonekera kudzera pakhungu. Maso aopheticht Yordano amachepetsedwa kwathunthu komanso ngakhale pang'ono mbali yokutidwa ndi khungu. Ngakhale izi ,opticht imayenda mosadukwanuka m'malo amadzi a mapanga amdima, chifukwa cha ziwalo zopangidwa mwaluso.

Mu 1942, gulu lokonzekera mwapadera opha anthu opanga ndi maso silinangogwira nsomba izi, komanso kuti liziwapeza ana kuchokera kwa omwe agwidwa.

Zaka zidadutsa, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya nsomba zamphanga zakhungu zapezeka m'madzi amphaka padziko lonse lapansi. Adakhala osiyana kwambiri, chifukwa ndiamabanja 12 mwa 6 omwe adalamulidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zam'mapanga zokhala ndi maso akhungu ndi pimelodovy, clariy, brotulovy ndi feline catfish zimakhala ku North ndi South America. Ku Africa, okhala m'mapanga akhungu omwe amapezeka m'mitsinje ya mapanga ndi nthumwi za Vandellove, proboscis ndi ana obadwa kumene, ku Japan ndi Madagascar ndi abale a zigoba, ndipo m'mapanga a Central Asia ndi Iran oyandikana, okhala m'mapanga ochokera ku loach ndi cyprinids. Ku Australia, nsomba yoyamba yakhungu idapezeka mu 1945 ndipo idalandira dzina loti "wakhungu."

Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba yomwe imakhala m'madzi a pansi pa phanga, ngati maoptichthys, ilibe maonekedwe, ndipo maso ake amachepetsa pang'ono kapena pang'ono, chifukwa mawonekedwe amaso sagwira ntchito mumdima wamapanga, koma malingaliro awo akununkhira, kulawa ndi kukhudza amakula bwino, monga chiphaso cha kutayika kwamaso .

Msodzi wakhungu ku Australia (Milyeringa veritas) ndi nsomba yaying'ono yamphanga yotalika kuposa masentimita 5. Ili ndi thupi loyera la semitransparent, lopanda mitundu ya khungu pakhungu. Gidiyoni wakhungu sakhala wopanda maso. Mutu wa nsomba mulibe mamba, koma umakongoletsedwa ndi mizere yoyera ya papillae. Cholinga chawo ndikudziwa kuthamanga kwa madzi. Kachitidwe kakang'ono ka papillae ndi makina amakono opanga bwino omwe amalola nsomba yakhungu kuyenda m'malo amdima amdima, ndikuphatikizanso, kudziwa komwe kuli omwe angakhudzidwe, omwe si ochuluka mumadzi amphaka omwe akusowa nyama.

Sipanatenge nthawi yochulukirapo ngati nsomba yoyambayo, a Gideon, akufotokozedwera, ndipo yapezeka kale m'malo ambiri m'mapanga a Australia: Northwest Wales komanso kumpoto kwa Barrow Island. Nsomba yakhunguyi imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono m'matanthwe, m'mapanga otseguka osapezeka, m'miyala yakuya m'matanthwe, zitsime zakale ndi m'mapanga akuya mkati.Zinapezeka kuti nsomba yakhungu Gidiyoni imatha kukhala m'mapanga m'matantho mtunda wopitilira 4.3 km kuchokera malo owala, ndi munyanja pafupi ndi gombe.

Zochepa kwambiri sizikudziwika za sayansi ya akhungu a Gidiyoni. Kupenda zam'mimba za nyama zodyerazi modzionetsera zikuwonetsa kuti akugwira mochenjera kwambiri, kapena amatenga madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi omwe amapezeka mwangozi m'madzi a m'mapanga. Awa ndi nyerere, ndipo isopods yamtunda wa crustaceans (monga nsabwe za nkhuni), maphemwe ndi tizilombo tina. Kuphatikiza pa kusaka chabe, a Gideoni akugwira mwamphamvu nsomba zazikazi zam'madzi kuchokera kubanja la Atrydae, akukhala m'madzi ena a phanga. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kadyedwe kawo ndi chizolowezi cha a Gideoni omwe amakhala pafupi ndi otuluka m'mapanga, ndipo malo amenewo amapanga 1% yokha ya malo okhala nsomba zakhungu. Ndipo maziko azakudya za a Gideoni okhala m'mapanga akuya kwambiri ndi mtundu wakhungu.

Nsomba zosaona za Gideon, pamodzi ndi ma eel blind (Ophisternonrelium), ndizomwe zimangoyang'anira maphanga okha ku Australia. M'madzi am'mapangawo, akhungu a Gideoni amasambira mwachisawawa pafupi ndi pansi kapena pakuya, komwe sikuli kwenikweni kwa nyama zolusa.

Tsopano nsomba yakhunguyi imamva bwino m'madzi a matako omwe ali m'dera la Cape Range National Park. Komabe, machitidwe amadzi amphanga ndi njira zotseguka, ndipo kusintha kwa mchere kapena kupezeka kwa madzi mu madzi ozungulira kumakhudzanso matupi a m'mapanga. Chifukwa chake, kungoyang'anira pansi ndi momwe mchere wake ungathandizire asayansi kuti ayang'ane kulumikizana kwovuta kwa nyama zamkango za ku Australia, imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zomwe ndi nsomba yakhungu Gideon.

Gideon Cave ndi mtundu wotetezedwa ndipo walembedwa pamndandanda wachilengedwe wachilengedwe wa Australia komanso womwe uli pangozi.

Sankhani yankho limodzi lolondola.

1. Mtima wa zipinda ziwiri

1) wopanda nsapato 2) cartilaginous ndi nsomba yamafupa

3) amphibians 4) mbalame ndi zinyama

2. Dongosolo lotsekeka komanso mtima wapachipinda chachiwiri uli ndi nyama yam'madzi

1) Ng'ona ya Nile 2) shaki yabuluu

3) dolphin gologolo 4) thambo kamba

3. Ndi iti mwa morphological yomwe imasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamfupa kuchokera ku cartilage

1) Maso okutidwa ndi eyelids 2) ngalande zakunja zowonera

3) gill wophatikizidwa umaphimba 4) zipsepse zamkati

4. Mukuchita kusanduka, msana udawonekera koyamba

1) lancelet 2) arthropods 3) amphibians 4) nsomba

5. Nyama zokhala ndi mafupa kapena mafupa ojambulidwa m'mafupa, m'matumbo okhala ndi zokutira, zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu 1) nsomba zamfupa 2) amphibians 3) nsomba za cartilaginous 4) lancelet

6. Ndi ziti zodabwitsa za gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi burashi zomwe zimatilola kuti tiziwawona ngati makolo a zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi?

1) mamba thupi, kupezeka kwa zipsepse,

2) mapapu, mapangidwe apadera a zipsepse,

3) mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi,

4) kupuma mothandizidwa ndi gill, kulosera.

7. nsomba zam'mafupa zikuphatikiza: 1) shaki, 2) stingrays, 3) newts, 4) sturgeons.

8. Mbedza yakhungu yakhungu imatha kupeza chakudya ndi:

1) mayendedwe am'madzi ogwidwa ndi mzere,

2) Kugwedezeka kwamadzi omwe agwidwa ndi khutu lapakati,

3) chizindikiro chochokera kuma cellensitive cell a thupi lonse,

4) ma siginolo a elekitiroma ozindikiritsidwa mwachindunji ndi kotekisi ya ubongo.

9. Kuchokera m'matumba a nsomba m'matumbo mumayenda:

1) magazi a venous, 2) magazi ochepa, 3) hemolymph, 4) magazi osakanikirana.

10. Zipolopolo za mazira zilibe mazira oteteza: 1) akamba, 2) nthiwatiwa, 3) hering'i, 4) amamba.

11. Palibe bladder yosambira mu: 1) shaki, 2) stingrays, 3) chimera, 4) zonsezi.

12. M'm nsomba, magazi amathandizidwa ndi okosijeni m'matumbo, choncho magazi amalowa m'maselo a thupi:

1) Wosakanikirana, 2) wadzala ndi kaboni dayokisi,

3) venous; 4) ochepa.

13. Msana wa nsomba umagawika m'madipatimenti otsatirawa:

1) thunthu ndi mchira, 2) khomo lachiberekero, thunthu ndi mchira,

3) cervical, thoracic, sacral ndi caudal, 4) palibe magawano m'madipatimenti.

14. Tchati chili:

1) khutu lakunja, lamkati ndi lamkati, 2) khutu lamkati ndi lamkati,

3) khutu lamkati lamkati; 4) palibe ziwalo zapadera zamakutu.

15. Kudutsa nsomba:

1) kukhala m'madzi am'madzi, kubereka mu nyanja, 2) kukhala m'madzi, kuweta mitsinje,

3) kukhala ndi kubereka m'mitsinje yosiyanasiyana, 4) kumakhala ndi kubereka munyanja zosiyanasiyana.

16. Zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyanitsa nsomba ndi zisa zina -

1) kupezeka kwa msana kuchokera m'madipatimenti atatu 2) bongo kuchokera kumadipatimenti asanu

3) ozungulira wamagazi ozungulira 4) mtima wa zipinda ziwiri

17. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zimalola kuti nsomba izithe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuthana ndi kukana kwamadzi pakuyenda

1) Mtundu woteteza 2) makatani okhala ngati matayala

3) mzere wotsatira 4) tanthauzo la fungo

18. Kodi ndizowopsa ziti zomwe bungwe la nsomba zodziwitsidwa ndi carp limatha kuziona ngati makolo awo azikhalidwe zapadziko lapansi?

1) mamba pakhungu, kupezeka kwa zipsepse

2) mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi, zolimbitsa thupi

3) chikhodzodzo chosambira chimagwira ngati mapapo, kapangidwe kapadera ka zipsepse

4) mayeso kupuma, kudyetsa nyama zina

1) matenda am'mimba; 2) chingwe cha msana

3) mzere wotsatira 4) chikhodzodzo

20. Gulu la nsomba zamkati zimagwira ntchitoyo

1) kusinthana kwa gasi 2) fyuluta

3) amathandizira 4) kuwonjezeka kwa pamwamba

21. Ndi chithunzi chiti chomwe chikuwonetsa nsomba zotsogola? 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

22. Kusiyana kwadongosolo pakati pa pike ndi nsomba ya Black Sea ndi Katran.

2) mafupa

3) kapangidwe ka ubongo

23. M'm nsomba, magazi amakhala ochepa

1) mtima 2) m'mimba msempha 3) gill mitsempha 4) capillaries a ziwalo zamkati

24. Kodi ntchito yaudindo yomwe ikusonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chithunzi ndi chiyani?

1) chimbudzi cha chakudya mothandizidwa ndi msuzi wam'mimba

2) Mapangidwe a mazira achikazi ndi umuna mwa amuna

3) kumasulidwa kwa thupi pazinthu zosafunikira zama metabolic

4) dzuka pamwamba pamadzi ndikutsamira kwambiri

25. Ndi iti mwa nyama zotsatirazi yemwe ali ndi umuna wamkati?

1) carp 2) Earthworm 3) shark 4) chule

26. Kodi nsomba yokola imagwira ntchito yanji mu nsomba?

1) imapereka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka 2) imayang'anira kayendedwe ka magazi

3) imazindikira zambiri kuchokera ku ziwalo zakumva 4) imawongolera machitidwe

Kodi ndi chithunzi chiti chomwe chikuwonetsa nsomba zapa cartilaginous?

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

27. Ndi gawo liti laubongo wa nsomba lomwe likuwonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro pamulowo?

1) midbrain 2) medulla oblongata 3) cerebellum 4) forebrain

1) ziwalo zamasomphenya ndi kumva 2) maselo otetemera

3) ziwalo za mzere wotsatira 4) nkhope yonse ya pakhungu

29. nsomba za mafupa zikuphatikiza: 1. Shaki 2. Sturgeons 3. Sterlet 4. Stingrays 5. Lancelet 6. Sazans

30. Kodi bowa ndi mayendedwe amafanana chiyani?

1) kusowa kwa chlorophyll m'maselo

2) Kukula kopanda malire

3) mayamwidwe a zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mayamwidwe

4) Zakudya zopatsa thanzi

5) kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito spores

6) glycogen kusungidwa kwa michere

31. Khazikitsani ubale pakati pa kakhalidwe ndi mtundu wa nyama

A) dongosolo lotha kuzungulira

B) mafupa amkati - chord

C) chubu la neural limapezeka kumbali yakunyumba

D) unyolo wam'mimba

D) chatseka dongosolo lamagazi

E) miyendo yolumikizidwa

32. Khazikitsani ubale pakati pa oimira ufumu wa nyama ndi mawonekedwe awo.

A) phatikizani magulu

B) muphatikizire gulu la Cartilage,

C) kupuma komanso kupuma kwam'mapapo,

D) kupuma kwam'mapapo,

D) mzere wotsatira wakonzedwa,

E) anthu ena ali ndi chiwalo cha parietal chomwe chimazindikira zizindikiro zowala.

33. Khazikitsani ubale pakati pa mawonekedwe amachitidwe oyendayenda ndi magulu a nyama.

A) magazi am'mtima,

B) pali zipinda zinayi mumtima.

C) kuzungulira kwazungulira magazi,

D) mkombero umodzi wamagazi,

D) magazi am'mkati amalowa m'mapapu,

E) pali zipinda ziwiri mumtima.

34. Khazikitsani kulumikizana pakati pa mkhalidwe wa nsomba ndi gulu lomwe limadziwika. A) gill amatseguka kunja

B) pakamwa limasunthidwa mpaka mbali yam'mimba

B) oyimira ambiri amakhala ndi chikhodzodzo

D) mafupa

D) ma gilalawo ali ndi zokutira gill

1) nsomba za Cartilaginous

35. Khazikitsani kulumikizana pakati pamagulu a nsomba ndi mtundu womwe khalidweli lili. A) Umuna wamkati

B) makomo otseguka amatuluka

B) kusamuka mukamazungulira kumadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu

D) ma gilalawo ali ndi zokutira gill

D) nthawi zambiri pamakhala chikhodzodzo

1) nsomba za Cartilaginous

2) Woodpecker wamkulu wowoneka

36. Khazikitsani kulumikizana kwamtunduwo ndi gulu la nyama yomwe ili yodziwika bwino.

A) msewuwu umasungidwa m'mitundu yonse m'moyo wonse

B) ubongo uli ndi magawo asanu

B) mtima umakhala ndi zipinda

D) kupezeka kwa miyendo yopingasa mikono isanu

D) chubu la neural limapitilira achikulire

E) chubu la neural limasinthidwa kukhala bongo ndi chingwe cha msana

37. Konzani nyama motere yomwe ikuwonetsa kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu yawo yamanjenje pakusintha: 1) lancelet 2) toad 3) hydra 4) shark 5) ng'ona 6) orangutan

Pangani yankho mwatsatanetsatane la funso.

Ndi ziwalo ziti zomvetsetsa komanso nsomba zimawalola bwanji kuyenda m'madzi?

Ndimagwira ntchito yanji m thupi la nsomba yomwe chikhodzodzo chimagwira?

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nsomba zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi poyenda m'madzi?

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa nsomba zodzigulitsa zam'madzi kumachepera kwambiri nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa zikaphedwa padziwe?

5. Pezani zolakwika zitatu zomwe zalembedwazo ndikuzikonza.

1. nsomba - m'madzi am'madzi.

2. Chithandizo cha thupi la nsomba zonse ndimatumbo amkati

3. Kupumira mu nsomba za gill.

4. M'madongosolo am'mbali, kuzungulira kwamagazi kozungulira, ndipo mumtima muli magazi a venous okha.

5. Msambo wam'madzi wamkati uli ndi mawonekedwe a chubu, kutsogolo kwake komwe kumasandulika kumaso, komwe kumakhala magawo asanu.

6. nsomba zambiri ndi hermaphrodite.

Asayansi apeza kuti nsomba zam'mapanga zosaoneka bwino zomwe zakhala zaka masauzande mobisalira, osayang'aniridwa ndi masana ndi usiku, zimagwirabe ntchito nthawi yoyambira, ngakhale idasokonekera mosiyanasiyana. Ofufuzawo ali ndi chidaliro kuti zomwe apezazo zimapereka chidziwitso pakuwonetsa momwe mawotchi amkati amagwirira ntchito nyama.

Wotchi yamkati, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa circadian, imathandizira nyama, zomera, ndi mitundu ina ya moyo kusintha zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Wotchiyi sikuti nthawi zonse imatsata dongosolo la maola 24, chifukwa chake, kuti agwirizanitse ndi chilengedwe, amakhala tsiku ndi tsiku akugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro monga kuwala kwa masana.

Komabe, phokoso la circadian limadzutsa funso ngati zolengedwa zomwe zimakhala mumdima wokhazikika zimatha kutsatira dongosolo la nthawi, ndipo ngati zingathe, zimatha bwanji. Mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu isanu ya nsomba padziko lonse lapansi yomwe imakhala m'mapanga m'masiku opanda masana; munthawi yakusinthaku, ambiri aiwo adasiyidwa.

"Nsomba zamkango zimatipatsa mwayi kuti timvetsetse momwe kuwala kwa masana kumakhudzira chisinthiko," akufotokoza ofufuza Cristiano Bertolucci, katswiri wa mbiri yakale ku Yunivesite ya Ferrara, Italy.

Bertolucci ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adafufuza nsomba zamkango za ku Somalia (Phreatichthys andruzzii), omwe adakhala yekhayekha mchipululu kwa zaka 1.4 mpaka 2.6 miliyoni. Amayerekezera mtundu wa kusambira ndi momwe mawotchi amtundu wa nsomba amawonera - zovala zamizeremizere, ndi zomwe zimawonetsa nsomba zamkango.

Mzere wolumikizidwa wozungulira wozungulira wozungulira wozungulira, wozungulira, wolumikizana ndi kuzungulira kwamdima ndi kuwala. Mosadabwitsa, momwe nsomba zamkango zosaoneka sizinayanjane chimodzimodzi ndi usana. Komabe, pamene chizindikiro china choyimbira chinagwiritsidwa ntchito - pafupipafupi pamene nsomba imapatsidwa chakudya - mawonekedwe a circadian a zebo oboola komanso nsomba za phanga zidagwirizana. Zapezeka kuti mawotchi am'madzi a phanga amatha kugwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro choyenera chimaperekedwa, monga chakudya.

Kafukufuku wowerengeka wa nsomba zamkati mobisa adavumbulutsa masinthidwe amitundu iwiri yapamwamba kwambiri yotchedwa ma opsins, yomwe imalepheretsa kuyang'ana kuwala ndikuyambitsa phokoso lozungulira. Ndikosadabwitsa kuti nsomba zamakango zitapatsidwa mankhwala opangira mawotchi amtundu wabwinobwino, mtundu wam'mimba wa nsomba wakhungu udachitika mozungulira kwa maola 47.

Zakuti nsomba zamphanga sizikutsatira maora 24 zikuwonetsa kuti nyama izi zatsala pang'ono kutaya mawotchi amkati, atatero wofufuza wina, a Nicholas Folkes, katswiri wa mbiri yakale ku Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany.

Likukhalira kuti njira zovuta izi ndizovuta kuzisintha, koma nthawi zambiri zimasinthika kukhala mitundu yambiri, chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Folkes, zingatenge nthawi yambiri kuti ziwoneke. Monga gawo la zonse zomwe zikuchitika, mwina ndiwofanana chifukwa wotchi iyi ikuyenda mozungulira maora 47 mmalo mwa ola 24. Mwinatu miliyoni miliyoni nsomba sizikhala ndi wotchi yamkati konse. Sizikudziwika ngati wotchi iyi ili ndi cholinga chilichonse.

Zambiri sizikhala zobisika pankhani ya momwe kuwala kumayang'anira gawo la circadian. Kupenda momwe mitundu ya mawotchi amodzi mu nsomba zakuthengo yakumaso kunathandizira kuzindikira kwachidziwikire momwe mamolekyu okhala ndi chidwi amapanga nsomba zina.

"Kafukufukuyu adatipatsa chidwi kuti timvetsetse bwino momwe wotchiyo imathandizira chilengedwe," akufotokoza Folkes.

Fulu la Phanga Lamaso

A. mexicanus amadziwika chifukwa cha mwala wakhungu, womwe umatchedwa "blind blind tetra", "blind tetra" kapena "blind mapanga akhungu". Pali anthu pafupifupi 30 apadera a tetra omwe amakhala m'mapanga akuya omwe adasowa kuwona komanso ngakhale maso okha. Izi, nsomba, zimapita mumdima ndi mzere wamagetsi womwe umakonda kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa magetsi.

Mitundu yakhungu ndi yowona ndi yamtundu womwewo, popeza imalumikizana kwambiri ndipo imatha kubereka. Pali mawonekedwe ofanana akhungu Astyanax jordani, yemwe achoka posachedwa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe osawoneka, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi akhungu A. mexicanus. Panthawi ya kubadwa, munthu wapa phanga A. mexicanus Amakhala ndi maso, koma ndi zaka, maso amakula pakhungu, kenako nkuzimiririka.

Zizindikiro zakunja za astianax

Thupi la nsomba ndiwokwera, loponderezedwa pang'ono mbali. Palibe mtundu uliwonse pa iwo, chifukwa chake khungu ndi silifu. Kuwala kumaonekera m'mphepete, magulu owoneka bwino omwe ali ndi maselo achilengedwe amawoneka. Zipsepse zofiirira, zowonekera kwathunthu. Munthawi yamwamuna, imakhala yofiyira. Wamkazi ndi wamkulu komanso wokulirapo kuposa wamwamuna. Ali ndi ma anal ndi ngodya yoloza. Nsomba zakhungu zimatsogozedwa ndi mzere wotsatira wokhala ndi zolandilira zomvera.

Maso a Astianaxes amakhala omangika ndi khola la khungu, chifukwa amakhala pakalibe kuwala. Kukula kwa nsombam'malo okhala m'madzi ndi 10 cm.

Mafomu a Astianax

Astianax ali ndi mitundu iwiri: wakhungu, wokhala m'mapanga ndi masiku onse. M'malo mwake, nsombayi imatchedwa kuti yosaona, koma yopanda maso. Chowonadi ndi chakuti maso a nsomba amangogundika chifukwa chosowa kuwala m'mapanga. Koma nsomba zimayang'ana mumdima mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zogwira, kukoma ndi mzere wotsatira.

Astianax (Astyanax mexicanus).

M'mizinda yam'madzi, ma amateurs ali ndi mawonekedwe akhungu, astianaxes wamba satchuka kwambiri. Aulengi ali ndi maso, koma pamene akukula, amakula ndi khungu, ndipo nsomba zimayamba kudzilimbitsa okha ndi zizindikilo zochokera kumbali yakumanzere ndi kulawa masamba omwe ali pamutu.

Mawonekedwe a astianaxes mu aquarium

Ma stroti a Astianaxi ndi amanyazi pang'ono, koma nsomba zamtendere. M'madzi, amakhala m'malo apamwamba komanso apakati. Akaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina, amatha kupeza vuto la neon ndi guppies. Kodi chifukwa chake chidani sichidziwika. Nsomba zimakhala tcheru kwambiri ndi phokoso lofuula, sizimawopa mosavuta ndipo zimatha kudumphira m'madzi, chifukwa chake zimaphimba ndi chivindikiro.

Khalidwe lalikulu la astianaxes ndi manyazi.

Mu malo osungirako miyala okhala ndi malita 50, nsomba zisanu ndi zitatu za m'maso zimatha kusungidwa.Ndikofunikira kuti mapangidwe a Astianaxes akhale amiyala pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe. Zomera zibzalidwe zolimba, chifukwa nsomba zakhungu nthawi zambiri zimadya masamba.

Kutentha kofunikira kwa nsomba kumachokera pa 15-18 ° C mpaka 28-29 ° C. Zabwino kwambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa: kutentha 20-25 ° C, acidity pH 6.5-7.5, kuuma dH 15-25 °. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthandizira, kusefera, kusintha kwa sabata kwa gawo limodzi lamadzi ndikofunikira. Nsomba zakhungu sizifuna kuunikira. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kukhazikitsa nyali za fluorescent zomwe zimayendetsa nthawi yausiku pakati pamatanthwe a coral. Malamba oyenera ndi miyala kapena mchenga wopukutira.

Sikuti onse a Astianaxes ndi akhungu. Wakhungu ndi mtundu wamtambo chabe wamtunduwu, womwe ulibe maso ndipo ndi albino.

Zakudya za Astianax

Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zakhungu zimadya ma invertebrates. Mukasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi, ma Astianaxes amakhala odzichiritsa posankha chakudya. Ndizosangalatsa, kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndiukadaulo. Pazakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuvala kwapakatikati ndi zakudya zam'madzi ndikofunikira, apo ayi nsomba zimadya zomera zam'madzi. Amatha kupatsidwa chimanga choluka, nyama yokazinga, mkate.

Kubala nsomba zakhungu

Pakakhala chaka chimodzi, nsomba zakhungu zimatha kubereka. Kupeza ana, amuna ndi akazi amasankhidwa, amasungidwa mosiyana kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndipo amadyetsedwa kwambiri. Pakuchepa, muyenera kugwira amuna achangu kwambiri, opanga amasankhidwa poyerekeza ndi 1 wamkazi kwa abambo awiri a 2-3.

Kuchuluka kwa kuwaza ndi 30 40 malita. Madzi atsopano amathiridwa mmenemo ndi kutentha 25-27 ° C, madzi ofunda amathandizira kupangika. Mchenga wowuma kapena miyala yoyaka imayikidwa pansi. Mukamasamba owerengeka, muyenera kuyika mbewu zingapo zokumbira ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, nsomba zimadzawonekera. Aquarium iyenera kuti isinthidwe.

Izi, nsomba, zimapita mumdima ndi mzere wamagetsi womwe umakonda kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa magetsi.

Nsomba zimayikira mazira patsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu nditasinthira ndikuzisolola mumadzi am'madzi. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi nthawi yomweyo amaimirira pamwamba pa madzi, ndipo akakumana, amadzikankhana mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachoka. Kenako yaikazi imeza mazira 4-6, amphirayo amadzaza dzanzi "pa ntchentche". Caviar akugwera pansi pamadzi amwalira. Kwa akazi amodzi omwe amawaza 200-300, nthawi zambiri mazira ang'onoang'ono 1000.

Pambuyo pang'onong'ono, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amayikidwa. Mu aquarium, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amadzi limasinthidwa ndikuthandizira. Mphutsi zimatuluka mazira pambuyo pa masiku 1-4, zimasanduka mwachangu ndipo tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri zimatha kusambira ndikudya momasuka. Amadyetsedwa ndi ma ciliates, nauplii a brine shrimp, "fumbi lamoyo", mwachangu ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo amakula msanga. Kutumizira zakudya kumachulukirachulukira. Zakudya zouma komanso zowunthira zimawonjezedwa muzakudya. Pazaka zitatu zokha, nsomba zazing'ono zakhungu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Astianaxes amakhala m'malo am'madzi pafupifupi zaka 4-5.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za nsomba zakhungu

Amadziwika kuti mphutsi zonse ndi mwachangu zimakhala ndi maso akuda.

Panthawi yobadwa, nsomba zamphanga zimakhala ndi maso, koma ndi msinkhu zimadzaza ndi khungu, kenako nkuzimiririka.

Maso ang'onoang'ono amatha mpaka miyezi iwiri, koma nsomba zazing'ono sizimasiyanitsa zinthu mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zawo. Pakatha masiku 18 mpaka 20, maso a mtundu wa khungu akhungu amayamba kupunduka ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakhala omangika ndi khungu, ndipo pakatha miyezi itatu amadzayendera kwathunthu.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngati mumasunga ma Astianaxes kuwunika nthawi zonse, ndiye pambuyo pa mibadwo 20-30, maso samawoneka mwachangu, komanso nsomba zazikuluzikulu. Nthawi zina m'madzi am'madzi mumakhalanso "nsomba zakhungu" zokhala ndi mtundu wowala kuposa mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Nsomba zakhungu zimakhala mwachilengedwe mumadzi, motero sizingatheke kulingalira ngati wakhungu. Amasambira mwangwiro, kupewa zopinga, kupeza chakudya ndi pogona. Kulanda ndi kufalitsa nsomba zakhungu mu chinyama china ndichovuta.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Matenda a Mexico Asitianax

Asitianaks Mexican ndi nsomba yokhala ndi chilakolako chabwino, motero muyenera kusamala ndi kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Kudya kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa zovuta m'mimba mwa zolengedwa izi.

Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza matenda ena a nsomba yapaderayi.

Kuswana / kuswana

Yosavuta kubereketsa, kulengedwa kwa zinthu zapadera zolimbikitsira kuwaza sikufunikira. Nsomba zimapatsa ana pafupipafupi. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, kuti muteteze mazira pansi, mutha kuyika ukonde wokhala ndi mzere wowoneka bwino (kuti musawononge mawonekedwe). Tetra ku Mexico ndi chonde kwambiri, chachikazi chimatha kutulutsa mazira pafupifupi 1000, koma si onse omwe amakhala ndi manyowa. Mukamaliza kutulutsa, ndikofunikira kusinthira mazirawo ku tank losiyanalo ndi madzi ofanana. Kuthawa kumawonekera m'maola 24 oyambilira, sabata yina atayamba kusambira momasuka kufunafuna chakudya.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti koyambirira kwa chitukuko, achinyamata amakhala ndi maso omwe amakula pakapita nthawi ndipo pamapeto pake amadzimiririka mpaka kukhala munthu wamkulu.

Matenda a nsomba

Njira yosungirako bwino ya aquarium yokhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera ndiyo chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri pothana ndi matenda aliwonse, chifukwa chake ngati nsombayo yasintha, palibe mawonekedwe ndi zina, yang'anirani magawo amadzi, abwezeretseni ngati kuli koyenera, ndipo pokhapokha pitani chithandizo.

Nsomba yakhungu yaku Mexico - nkhani.

Dzina lasayansi: Astyanax jordani.

Mayina ena: Cave Blind Cetetra (Blind Cave Tetras), Tetra Wakhungu wa ku Mexico (Blind Mexico Tetra).

Mulingo Wosamalira Asakhungu: Osavuta.

Kukula kwake: pafupifupi 10cm (3.5-4 mainchesi).

Njira yakhungu yopulumutsa moyo: Zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, mwinanso zazitali.

pH: kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 7.5.

Kutentha: 20-25 ° C (68-77 ° F).

Chiyambi cha Samisoni Wakhungu / Habitat: USA (Texas) ndi Mexico.

Kuchita: mwamtendere, makamaka ngati kusungidwa pagulu (5 zidutswa kapena kupitilira). Amatha kuluma oyandikana nawo mu aquarium.

Kusodza Nsomba Zakhungu: kuyikira mazira. Amafika paunyamata ali ndi zaka pafupifupi zitatu. Nsomba yogwira (1 wamkazi ndi amphongo awiri), omwe adzakhale makolo amtsogolo, amabzalidwe kwa sabata limodzi ndipo amadyetsedwa kwambiri.

Wofalitsa nsomba Zamdima analimbikitsa pakuwunda (30-40l) wodzazidwa ndi madzi oyera (20-27 0 C). Pansi pamakutidwa ndi miyala kapena mchenga wowuma. Komanso, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mbewu zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono momwemo, zomwe nsomba zimamera. Kutambalala kumayenera kuti kuzimisidwe - kuti kuzimitsa kuyera ndikuphimba galasi ndi pepala.

Patatha masiku 2-3 kupatsidwa zina kuti zitheke Nsomba yakhungu yambani kupangika. Akazi amaza mazira 4-6, omwe amakhala ndi umuna pa ntchentche ndi yaimuna. Caviar yemwe amagwera pansi amafa. Pakuchepa, zazikazi zimataya mazira 200 mpaka 1000.

Pakangodula patatha, opanga mawotchi amachotsedwa. Madzi mmenemo (1/3) amasinthidwa ndi madzi abwino ndikuphatikizanso aeration. Nsomba Zamtundu Wakhungu - Masiku 1-4. Pakupita pafupifupi sabata, mphutsizo zimayamba kusokonekera ndikuyamba kusambira, kufunafuna china chilichonse choti chipindule. Pakadali pano, mwachangu wowuma amadyetsedwa ndi brine shrimp, fumbi lokhalokha, ciliates, etc.

Kukula kwa Aquarium: kwa 5 nsomba - osachepera 80l.

Kufanana Kwama nsomba khalani limodzi ndi nsomba iliyonse yomwe singathe kuzidya komanso yofunikira.

Zakudya / Kudzidyetsa: nsomba zam'madzi zotenga, ma pellets, mapiritsi, chakudya chamoyo ndi chisanu.

Dera: pakati komanso pansi pamadzi.

Kugonana Kwa Akhungu: Palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Pakutambalala, zazikazi zimakhala bwino chifukwa cha mazira omwe amatulutsa, omwe amawoneka bwino akamayang'ana nsomba kuchokera kumwamba.

Mtengo: nsomba ndizosowa kwenikweni, koma mutha kugulitsabe Blind Fish online $ $.