Atlantic mackerel
Gulu la asayansi

Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758

Atlantic mackerel (lat. Scomber scombrus) - nsomba za banja la mackerel la mackerel. Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi ndi 60 cm, pafupifupi ndi masentimita 30. Thupi limapangidwa mozungulira, limakutidwa ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono a cycloid. Kumbuyo ndiko kubiriwira kwamtambo, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri, yopindika pang'ono. Thupi lakumunsi ndi m'mimba ndizoyera. Palibe chikhodzodzo.

Mackerel akupezeka kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean: m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera kum'mawa kupita ku Islands kupita ku Canary Islands, komanso ku Baltic (mpaka Gulf of Finland), North, Mediterranean, Marmara, Black Seas, gombe lakumadzulo - kuchokera ku Labrador mpaka Cape Hatteras (North Carolina). Ulendo wa Mackerel panthawi yachilimwe kusamuka kwadziwika mu Barents ndi White Seas. Imapezeka ku North Sea kuchokera ku English Channel kupita ku Skagerrak komanso gombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ireland.

Biology

Mackerel ndi gulu lina la nsomba zosafunikira. Amasambira mwachangu (pakuponya - mpaka 77 km / h). Ziweto zambiri sizikhala ndi zosayera za nsomba zina (zomwe sizimakhala ndi hering'i) ndipo zimakhala ndi anthu ofanana. Mackerel amakhala pamtunda wa kutentha kwa 8 mpaka 20 ° C, ndichifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kuti azisamukira nthawi zina m'mphepete mwa America ndi Europe, komanso pakati pa Marmara ndi Black Seas. Kusamuka kumeneku kuli ndi chikhalidwe chodyetsa (chakudya cha mackerel ndi tinsomba tating'ono ndi zooplankton).

Mackerel nyengo yakuya kwa 150-250 m m'mbali mwa njira yotsikira. M'nthawi yozizira, sichimagwira ndipo sichidya kwambiri. Mu nthawi yamasika imayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chifukwa chake mackerel a Black Sea mackerel nyengo ndi mtundu mu Nyanja ya Marmara. Kutuluka kwake kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pambuyo pake anthu amangozungulira pa Basphorous kupita ku Nyanja Yakuda. Kuchuluka kwa mackerel kumatha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa Bulgaria ndi Romanian. Namsongole amakhala m'matanthowa am'madzi, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi pamwamba, ndikupanga phokoso, ndikuwoneka bwino ndikuwunika ndi madzi, komanso kudziunjikira kwa nyama zomwe zimadya nsomba - dolphins, tuna, gulls. Kusunthika kwa mackerel a Black Sea kupita ku Nyanja ya Marmara kumayamba kutentha kwamadzi kukafika pa 10 ° C ndikutha mu Disembala - february, gawo laling'ono latsalira la nthawi yozizira kugombe la Turkey ndi Caucasus.

Mackerel amayamba kukhwima atakwanitsa zaka 2-5; mawonekedwe ake ndi mazira 350-500. Nditha kukhala ndi zaka 17-18.

Nsomba za Mackerel

Yankho la funso komwe mackerel amapezeka, muphunzirapo kanthu. Ili ndi dongosolo lamalingaliro, ndi gawo la banja la ma mackerel. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuzungulira kwake sikugwirizana konse ndi pansi, motero kumawerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba ya pelagic.

Izi ndi nsomba zazikulu. Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 64. Munthu wamba pafupifupi 30 cm. Thupi lomwe limapangidwa limafanana ndi chopondera, chomwe chimakutidwa ndi mamba yaying'ono. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chikhodzodzo, chomwe chimayenera kukhala chamitundu yambiri ya nsomba, chimatha kupezeka kapena kusapezeka mu mackerel.

Achibale a nsomba

Ngakhale kuti mackerel amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yabwino kwambiri, m'bale wake wapafupi ndi nsomba. Ndipo dzina lake lina ndi mackerel. Unyinji waukulu wa mackerel ungafike ma kilogalamu awiri. Koma zoyerekeza zake zochepa zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zolemera pafupifupi 300-350 magalamu.

Nsomba zomwe zidaperekedwa pamutuwu ndi mtundu wa siliva, kumbuyo kwake ndi kobiriwira, ndipo mikwingwirima yakuda imadutsa thupi lonse. Mackerel ali ndi zipsepse zowonjezera, kuwonjezera pa pectoral ndi dorsal wamba.

Monga mamembala ambiri am'banja lama mackerel, amatha kulingalira mphete yomwe ili pafupi ndi maso. Lilinso ndi mano otsogola, mano ang'onoang'ono ngati mawonekedwe.

Mitundu ya Mackerel

Akatswiri azindikira mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya nsomba. Waukulu kwambiri mwaiwo ndi wa ku Africa. Amakhala wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa abale ake onse.

Koma yaying'ono kwambiri imayesedwa ngati Japan, kapena mackerel abuluu. Palinso mitundu inanso iwiri ya nsomba - Australia ndi Atlantic.

Habitat

Ndiye, mackerel ali kuti. Nthawi zambiri amakonda kukhala m'madzi am'nyanja, ochulukirapo kapena pang'ono ponseponse mdziko lonse lapansi. Sichikupezeka mu nyanja imodzi yokha padziko lapansi - Arctic.

Kumene mackerel amasambira, monga lamulo, maulendo akuluakulu amapangidwira kuti akolole. Kuchokera kunyanja, nsomba zimasambira mitundu yonse yamadzi moyandikana nawo. Chifukwa chake, komwe nsomba za mackerel zimapezeka, aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi malonda ake amadziwa. Mwachitsanzo, pali madzi ambiri a Nyanja Yoyera. Komanso amasambira munyanja zam'nyanja zamitundu yonse. Izi ndi Marble, Baltic, Wakuda ndi ena ambiri. Tsopano mukudziwa bwino komwe mackerel amapezeka.

Imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi komanso imasambira ku gombe la North America. Zomwe zili zofunika ndi komwe mackerel amakhala nthawi yachilimwe kusamuka. Magulu a nsomba izi amalowa Nyanja Zoyera ndi Zoyala. Zambiri zimasonkhana pafupi ndi gombe la Ireland, makamaka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo.

Monga mukuwonera, iyi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuyankha funso loti komwe mackerel amakhala ku Russia, ndikwanira kuti nditchule mndandanda wa nyanja zambiri momwe mumakhala madzi aku Russia. Mwa njira, Atlantic kapena Far Eastern mackerel nthawi zambiri amagwera pamashelefu osungira m'nyumba.

Kuchokera munkhaniyi, mwaphunzira komwe mackerel amapezeka ku Russia.

Moyo

Komwe ma mackerel amakhala, nthawi zambiri nsomba imakhala yabwino chifukwa imakonda kusambira osati pansi, koma pafupi ndi madzi. Awa ndi asodzi odabwitsa omwe amasinthika ndi moyo m'madziwe amchere.

Ziphuphu zowonjezera zochulukirapo zimawathandiza kuti asalowe mumalowedwe ndi kuthamanga mwachangu. Nsomba nthawi zonse zimasunga ma jamb, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi Seruines ya Peru. Mackerel ali ndi adani ambiri m'madzi ndi mlengalenga. Awa ndi anyani, ndi ma dolphin, ndi asodzi, ndi mikango yam'nyanja, ndipo ngakhale nsomba zazikulu.

Mackerel amamva bwino pokhapokha atentha madigiri 8 mpaka 20. Chifukwa chake, akuyenera kusamuka. Chaka chonse amakhala m'madzi otentha a Indian Ocean.

Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale m'madzi akuTurkey samatentha kokwanira, chifukwa chake, kutentha kukangotsika, mackerel amasambira kumadera kwawo. Kuchokera ku Nyanja Yakuda, nsomba zimayandikira kumpoto kwa Europe. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafunde ofunda omwe amawapatsa moyo wabwino. Panthawi yosamukira, ma mackerel sagwira ntchito, amakhala ndi mphamvu komanso mphamvu pofunafuna chakudya.

M'madzi, imatha kuthamanga kwambiri - mpaka 30 km / h.

Kodi mackerel amadya bwanji?

Mackerel - zidyera zakale. Amadya plankton ndi crustaceans yaying'ono, yomwe imasefa m'madzi. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimatha kudya squid kapena nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono.

Ikuukira nyama yake, mackerel imaponyera, pakapita masekondi angapo imayamba kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h. Panthawi yosaka, mackerel amasonkhanitsidwa m'mabusa. Nthawi zambiri amagwira hamsa, miyala yamchenga, zikwangwani.

Kuchita paketi, ma mackerel amachititsa kuti nyama yake igwere pansi. Kwenikweni imakankhira otsutsa kukhona. Ndipo pomwepo ayamba kudya. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zolusa zomwe zimazungulira zimaphatikizaponso nawo. Gulu la nsomba lotere likuwoneka bwino kuchokera kumwamba.

Ngakhale ndiwocheperako, mackerel ndi osusuka kwambiri. Chilakolako chankhanza kwambiri cha mackerel aku Australia. Amadya chilichonse mzere, osaganiza kwenikweni ngati zingadye. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma angler aku Australia. Mackerel oterowo amatha kugwidwa ndi mbewa popanda nyambo.

Kubala mackerel

Kutulutsa kwa Mackerel kumayamba mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Pambuyo pake zimadzetsa zaka zambiri chaka chilichonse. Kukalamba mu nsomba izi kumachitika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zachiwiri.

Nsomba zazikulu zimamera mkatikati mwa masika, pomwe nsomba zazing'ono zimabereka kumapeto kwa June. Kubala kwawo kumagwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa nsomba ndizochulukirapo. Nthawi imodzi, amatha kusiya mazira mazana asanu pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita mazana awiri. Danga la dzira lirilonse limakhala losaoneka ndi maso amunthu - limangokhala mamilimita okha. Mwa chilichonse chaiwo mumakhala dontho lamafuta, mothandizidwa ndi lomwe mwachangu amadya mukukula kwake konse.

Milandu ingati yomwe ingapangidwe mwachindunji zimatengera momwe malo abwino amakhalira. Pafupifupi, nthawi imeneyi imachokera masiku khumi mpaka milungu itatu. Mphutsi za mackerel pazokha ndizabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Udzu wodya nthawi zina mwa iwo umatha kudzutsidwa kotero kuti amatha kuthana ndi kudyana.

Mwachangu omwe adabadwa ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake. Masentimita ochepa okha kutalika. Koma pofika m'dzinja amakula msanga. Kukula kwawo kumawonjezeka katatu. Pambuyo pa izi, kukula kwa achinyamata kwa mackerel kumayamba kuchepa.

Zinsinsi zakugwira mackerel

Mackerel anali wofunika nthawi zonse, motero, pafupifupi m'mbiri yonse ya anthu, nthawi zonse akhala akuchita chinthu chodziwedza kwambiri. Masiku ano, nsomba zosachepera 65,000 za nsomba zimagwidwa pachaka pagombe lakumadzulo.

Malo okhala ma mackerel ndi akulu kwambiri kotero kuti amachititsa kuti azitha kugwira mitundu yonse ya ngodya za dziko lapansi. Ogwira ntchito zausodzi amagwira ntchito ku Europe pagombe la Canary Islands, komanso ku Baltic, Black ndi Nyanja ya Marmara.

M'miyezi yotentha, asodzi amayendetsa kumpoto kwa Iceland, komanso kugombe la Murmansk ku Russia. Mutha kukumana ndi masukulu akulu a mackerel mdera la Novaya Zemlya, m'madzi a White Sea, komanso m'malo ena ambiri.

Pofuna kugwira nsomba izi, zitsulo zachitsulo kapena zamatumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Amagwiritsanso ntchito ma boti, zinsomba, maukonde a gill, zokoka zamtundu uliwonse za usodzi.

Asodzi achinyengo nthawi zambiri amagwira mackerel. Kwa odziwa migodi, izi sizabwino kwambiri. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kugwira mackerel kuchokera m'boti kapena yacht. Mackerel ndi nsomba yadyera, kotero kukopeka ndikosavuta. Chifukwa cha izi, chilichonse chowala komanso chopatsa chidwi ndichabwino. Chifukwa chake, asodzi amapangira zibowo zamtundu uliwonse zazing'ono zazing'ono zazing'ono kapena siliva. Chachikulu ndichakuti chiwonekere bwino kuchokera kutali.

Nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse, nyama ya chipolopolo kapena nyambo yochita kupanga, yomwe ikugulitsidwa kwaulere, imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyambo.