Wamba katswiri - Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758). Ma Synonyms, mayina apadera, subspecies, mitundu: sheresper, shilishper - Cyprinus Aspius, Cyprinus rapax, Cyprinus taeniatus, Aspius rapax, Aspius erytrostomus, Aspius transcaucasicus, Aspius aspius taeniatus. Ali ndi thupi lalitali komanso kamwa yayikulu. M'nsagwada yam'munsi imakhala ndi tubercle, ndipo m'nsagwada yam'mwamba mumakhala malo omwe phokoso limalowa. Nsagwada yapamwamba imafika kutsogolo kwa diso. Nsagwada yam'munsi imangopita kutsogolo, imaperekedwa kumapeto ndi tubercle, yomwe imalowa mgulu lowoneka bwino la nsagwada yapamwamba. Mimba kumbuyo kwa ziphuphu zamkati ndi keel yokutidwa ndi mamba. Gill amaterera kwambiri. Mtunduwo ndi siliva, ndi siliva wakuda, zipsepse zam'mwamba ndi zokhala ndi imvi, zokhala ndi malire wakuda, zipsepse zam'mbali ndi zam'mbali zimakhala zofiira. Iris ndi wachikaso ndi malo obiriwira pamwamba.

Kugawa ndi malo

Asp (Aspius aspius) kapena Sharesper. Amakhala ku Central Europe (beseni ya North and Baltic Seas), m'malo a Black, Caspian ndi Nyanja za Aral. Nyanja ya South Caspian ndi Nyanja ya Aral, imayimiridwa ndi magulu apadera. Mtundu wachiwiri wamtunduwu (Aspius vorax) umapezeka mumtsinje. Tiger.

Madzi ambiri amakhala m'mitsinje ya pansi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi amchere; mitsinje ikayesedwa, imangokhala mu zitsime zamadzi zotsekemera. Nyanja zakum'mwera, ziphuphuzi zimakhala ndi njira yapamwamba. M'mitsinje, msuzi umadyetsedwa ndi nsomba zingapo, koma koposa zonse ndi magazi.

Zaka komanso kukula

Zokhalamo anthu okhala pamtsinje siukulu. Fomu yodutsa ndiyokulirapo, imafikira kutalika kwa 80 cm ndi kulemera kwa 4-5 kg. Komabe, anthu 60 cm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 2,5 makilogalamu amphaka. Kukula kwa zaka ndi zaka 9 mpaka 10 za anthu akumpoto ndi zaka 5-6 zakumwera. Phulusa limakula mwachangu kumadera osungira akumwera. Chifukwa chake, ku Upper and Middle Volga, mapangidwe am'madzi am'mimba sakwanira masentimita 5-6 pofika nthawi yophukira, 8-10 cm ku Volga delta, ndi 9-15 masentimita kumapeto kwa Urals, Kuban ndi Don. M'madera akumpoto, asp amafikira kutalika kwa 40-50 masentimita okha pazaka 10, ndipo kumwera - ali ndi zaka 6.

Pali masamba atatu aliwonse amtundu wa taxonomy. Ku Europe ndi madera aku Russia, ma subspecies osankhidwa monga Aspius aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) ndi katswiri wamba komanso Aspius aspius taeniatus (Eichwald, 1831) ndi katswiri wokhala ndi milomo yofiyira m'mitsinje ya Middle and Southern Caspian. Posachedwa, Aral asp Aspius aspius iblioides (Kessler, 1872) adadziwika kuti ndi mabungwe odziimira pawokha.

Moyo

Asp Amatsatira magawo amtsinje ndi kufikira malo osungirako kumtunda ndi pakati pamadzi. Imakhala yokhayokha komanso imapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono akangobereka mu nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yopezekera m'maenje ozizira nthawi yozizira.

Mwa mtundu wa chakudya, asp ndi nkhwangwa yotchedwa pelagic. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zolusa zomwe zikudikirira nyama zawo, msuzi umafunafuna nkhosa zowuma, umazigwiritsa ntchito mwa kuzimangiriza ndi mchira kapena thupi lonse pamwamba pamadzi ndikulumpha, kenako nkunyamula nyamayo mwachangu. Ikukhala ndi kamwa yayikuru, gululo limagwira ogwidwawo m'gulu lathu lonse. M'masiku oyambilira, ana amatha kudya crustaceans yaying'ono (Copepoda ndi Cladocera) ndi mphutsi za pop-up ndi pupae a chironomids ndi tizilombo tina. Ndi kutalika kwa 5-9 masentimita mu Ogasiti - Seputembala, katswiri amayambanso kudya thukuta la ana, siliva wosakira, mng'oma, sabrefish, carp - mu Volga delta, smelts achinyamata, roach ndi stickleback - ku Neman ndi Kaunas reservoir. Kusinthana ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa kumadalira malo okhala komanso kukula kwake.

Kumpoto, chipsocho chimadzaza pazaka 4-5 ndi kutalika kwa 40-50 masentimita, kumwera - pazaka zapakati pa 3-4 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 32 mpaka 40. Chonde ku Kuban ndi 73-366,000, mu Volga - 62-500,000 ., mu beseni la Nyanja ya Azov-Black - mazira 40-200 mazira. Mphalapala ukuyambira pansi pa mtsinje m'malo amiyala osakhazikika, m'malo amadzi osefukira - m'malo otumphuka, m'malo osungira - m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Caviar ndi yomata, yosesa pa ma rhizomes ndi zomera zakufa. Caviar ndi chikasu, ndi chipolopolo chamtambo, m'mimba mwake ndi 1.9-2.1 mm. Kubalalika kwaubwenzi, mpaka milungu iwiri, kumachitika koyambirira kwam'mawa (Epulo-Meyi) pa kutentha kwa madzi kwa 4-5 mpaka 11-12 ° C. Kuyika mazira pamadzi otentha a 15-22 ° C kumatenga masiku 5, pa 14-15 ° C - Masiku 8, pa 12-16 ° C - masiku 12-16. Pambuyo kuwaswa, mphutsi za 7 mm kutalika zimatengedwa ndi zomwe zimasungidwa mu zowonjezera za kachitidwe ka zinthu, komwe zimadyetsedwa. Pambuyo resseltion wa yolk sac pambuyo masiku 7-8, ana ndi kwathunthu kusinthana ndi zakunja zakudya.

Asp - nsomba yokhazikika, sikuti sasintha. Komabe, pakati pa chaka malo ake amasintha. Phula limazizira nthawi yayitali m'maenje akulu, ndipo nthawi ino siligwira ntchito. Chapakatikati, isanatulutse, imadyetsa masabata awiri mwachangu, itatha masabata 3-4 wodwala ndipo osadyetsa. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, buluzi umayamba kuchepa kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Kenako, ndi kutentha kwamadzi, ntchito zake zimacheperachepera, ndipo ndizotheka kuthana ndi mfunso m'mawa kutacha. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, ndi madzi ozizira, ntchito ya asp imayambiranso, ndipo imapitilira mpaka Novembara. M'nyengo yozizira, katsitsumzukwa sikugwidwa.

Asp asodzi

Pempholi limangodya nyama masana, kuphatikiza apo, limadyetsa kangapo patsiku. Chakudya chachikulu cha asp ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono, zazikulu zomwe zimagwera m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, amugwira ndi ndodo yoluka, kuwedza kuwuluka, bwato, kuwombera pa nyambo yamoyo patali kutchuthi kwakutali kwa nyambo.

Nthawi yabwino yophera nsomba ndi pambuyo pobowola (kwa zigawo zapakati pa Russia, nthawi zambiri mu Meyi, ndikuyenda pamadzi otentha madigiri 10-12), kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, masana, makamaka m'mawa, komanso masika masana. Mukatulutsa, saiziyo siyidyetsa, ndipo patapita masiku angapo, phula limayamba kudyetsa kwambiri ndipo limagwidwa bwino ndikungotumphukira pa baubles ndi nsomba nyambo. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, chinangwa chimadya mphutsi ndi zipolopolo. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi izi: nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka zowuma, chafer, ziwala, ntchentche zaukadaulo. Tsoka ilo, panthawiyi kusodza m'malo ena aku Russia ndikutulutsa ndodo zokhala ndi nyambo zokumbira ndi nyambo yeniyeni ndizoletsedwa ndipo njira yokhayo yakugwira ndikuwuluka ndikuwedza ndi tizilombo kapena kutulutsa mtunda wautali kuti nyanjayo ikhale pamadzi (chifukwa ichi, 1-1, 5m kuchokera pamphuno kuphatikiza kuyandamitsa). Ndibwino ngati pali madzi pang'ono pamadzi - amalepheretsa chidwi chofuna kuwona. Kupeza chitsitsimutso sikovuta chifukwa cha njira yake yoyambirira yodyetsera: imasweka mwachangu pagulu la nsomba zazing'ono, ndikufotokozera mozungulira bwalo, ndikumenya madzi ndi mchira wake, kenako ndikugwira nsomba zonenepa pafupi ndi madzi.

Ndi njira zirizonse zodziwira nthawi ya chilimwe, nyambo imachitika m'madzi apamwamba, kuphatikiza, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zina imadumphira pansi ndikuyika pamwamba pa madzi, kapena kugwira nsomba zowuluka (zowoneka ndi tizilombo). Mukasodza ndi zopota, ntchito zing'onoting'ono zapakatikati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kuphatikiza ma Devons), ma spinner oscillating, akuyandama. m'dzinja, nyambo imasungidwa pansi kwambiri.

Kuchita bwino kwa nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito sipinjini, koma munthawi zina zimagwidwa kuti zikuwedza ntchentche ndipo zikuyimilira pamwamba pa ndodo yowedza. Ichi ndiye, choyamba, nthawi ya usodzi wa bug wa Meyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kolala yamkati kumathandizira. Yokhala ndi chinjoka chikanyamuka. Kusaka kwa masamba a asp sikovuta. Kuphulika kwake ndi nkhondo zikuwoneka bwino komanso zomveka. Komabe, uyu ndi nsomba yosamala kwambiri, pamtunda waukulu amawona angler. Kusodza kumafunikira ndalama zambiri. Kwa ndodo yonyamula popanda kolala, kugwidwa kumatheka pokhapokha pang'onopang'ono kapena chifukwa cha malo okhala abwino. Malawi amadzi, kubisa mayendedwe a asodzi, ndipo kusakhalapo dzuwa kumathandiza. M'malo osuntha pang'ono ndi malovu amchenga ndi zisumbu, thefunsoyi imachoka pamagetsi ochokera kumtunda, kusaka pano mapira ndi mitengo yazipatso. Panthawi imeneyi, ndizotheka kuzigwira pansi ndikutaya kwakutali (30- 40 m). Kuzama kwa usodzi sikukupitilira mita. Bait - gudgeon, mtengo, spindle.

Malo okhala maloko ndi malo opumira, m'malo omwe gawoli limaunjikana, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusaka kwa abusa. Mabuleki ndi phokoso lankhondo zikuwoneka patsamba lonselo. Pano kusodza pa nyambo yamoyo ndikotheka kutumiza ndi tchuthi chachitali komanso ndi chifunga cham'mawa. Popeza mwamaliza kulumikizana, simuyenera kutulutsa thukuta, mwachizolowezi, koma pang'onopang'ono musinthe. Mukasinthanso nyambo, nyambo imagwira. Nyambo imayenera kupita m'magawo apamwamba amadzi. Poyandama chithovu choyera chimakhala ndi pawiri, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kumenyedwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimachoka pang'onopang'ono. Kusodza kwa ntchentche ndi kusambira kwa kachilomboka ndi chinjoka, komanso nyambo yeniyeni, muyenera kusankha malo amtsinje a mitsinje momwe mumakhala maula, ophulika kuchokera pamwala, achifwamba. Apa mutha kuyembekezera kuti nthumwi ifike pagombe. Ndikotheka kugwira nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nsomba zazinkhanira kuyambira pansi m'mawa, ndi chule pamwamba. Madzulo, usodzi pamwamba umayenda bwino kwambiri.

Mukugwa, tizilombo timasowa, goblet ndi nsomba zina zimasiya zigawo zam'madzi. Siponso imapita kuzama pafupi ndi malo ake, koma imakhala m'malo akutali kwambiri kuchokera pagombe - kumbuyo kwa miyala yayikulu, pafupi ndi tolyaks ndi miyala yayikulu. Amasungidwa pansi ndi theka lamadzi. Sizingatheke kudziwa kuyimika, ndipo kusodza mwachisawawa kudzakhala kwangozi. Pakutha pa ayezi ndi ayezi womaliza nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kupeza gulu laula wosakhala wamkulu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa dzenje pazipata komanso kupitirira pamtunda, isanayambe jet yatsopano. Pakadali pano, amagwidwa nyambo zachisanu akamagwira nsomba, pike nsomba ndi pike. Mtsempha, ngati uli wocheperako kuposa mamilimita 0,4, nthawi zambiri simalimbana ndi chidwi cha maphokoso pamene wogontha amakhala wogontha.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Asp - nsomba za dongosolo Carp, wozungulira banja la cyprinids. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mafupa ambiri. Paphazi limakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, nthawi yomweyo limakhala lalifupi, lofupikitsidwa, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform. Kumbuyo ndikotakata.

Msuzi umakhala ndi mtundu waimvi, wopanda pake, ukusintha kuchoka kumbuyo kupita pamimba: kumbuyo kuli kwakuda, ndi kutuwa kwamtambo wamtambo, mbali zake ndizobiriwira, ndipo m'mimba mwayera. Pathupi pali miyeso yayikulu ya siliva. Ziphuphu zakutsogolo ndi zam'munsi zimasiyana mumthunzi wamvi, zimadetsedwa ndi malangizo. Malipiro a dorsal ndi opyapyala, aatali, akuthwa.

Nsombazo zimakhala ndi mchira wamphamvu, womwe theka lake limakhala lalitali pang'ono kuposa kumtunda. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mutu wautali, kamwa lalikulu, chibwano chachikulu.

Maonekedwe akunja ndi kakhalidweko sikudapangitsa kuti dzina la nsomba lidziwike, komanso mawonekedwe a mayina ena wamba:

• Hatchi (mare). Nsomba zimatha kudumphira m'mwamba.
• Schersper. Kuchokera ku verebu yatha "kuti tikhazikike", yomwe imamasulira kuti ikudzitukumula, kukhala yamoyo.
• Zokwanira. Kwa agility, kuthamanga kwamphamvu.
• Choyera (kuyera). Za mawonekedwe: Mitundu ya siliva-imvi ndi mimba yoyera.
• Sherikh, raferi, sherikh, sheresher, zherich. Zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosokoneza ya dzina loyambirira.

M'masiku amakono, apas amatchedwa "corsair river", chifukwa nsomba monga maphunzirowo. Nsomba zimapezeka m'mitsinje yoyera yokha yokhala ndi mpweya wambiri.

Habitat ndi kugawa

Phula limapezeka m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, omwe amakhala ochepa mitsinje yaying'ono ndi nyanja zazing'ono. Kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi, nsomba zimafunikira madera otambalala ndi akuzama, komwe kumakhala madzi oyera komanso opanda madzi, komanso chakudya chopatsa chidwi.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zotere zimakhala m'makina oyimiridwa ndi mitsinje yayikulu, nyanja zazikulu, malo osungira kum'mwera, Baltic ndi kumpoto kwa Russia.

Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala ndi chidwi ndi gawo laling'ono, lomwe limaphatikizapo madera ena okhala Kum'mawa kwa Europe komanso gawo lofunikira la Western Europe. Nsomba zimapezeka m'malo ena a kontinenti ya Europe - pakati pa mitsinje ya Ural ndi Rhine, ku Central Asia: magawo a Kazakhstan kapena zigawo za Caspian ndi Nyanja za Aral. Zabwino zambiri pa Volga.

Chiwongola dzanja chambiri chimawonedwa m'madzi a Nyanja ya Balkhash, momwe nsomba zamalonda zimawonekera modabwitsa.

Zosiyanasiyana zamasamba ndi mawonekedwe ake

Nsomba zimakula msanga, zimayamba kukula. Mukasodza, asodzi amatha kudzitamandira ndi nyama zomwe zimalemera ma kilogalamu 2-2,5 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nsomba zolemera kilogalamu 4-6 zomwe zimatalika ndi 75-80 sentimita. Koma ngakhale zisonyezozi sizachidziwikire kwenikweni. Asodzi adatha kugwira nsomba zazikuluzikulu zotalika masentimita 120 ndikulemera kilogalamu 12. Pakati pa banja la carp, asp ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yankhanza.

Kutentha kwamadzi pamwezi kumakhudza mwachindunji osati kungokhala kwa moyo, komanso kukula kwa nsomba. Nsomba ndi chiwindi chachitali, chifukwa sizinatheke kukhazikitsa zaka zenizeni, koma amakhulupirira kuti anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zaka 15. Nsombayo ndiyofunika chifukwa cha mantha achilengedwe komanso kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo kanthu. Ngati munthu waona mthunzi woyandikira pafupi ndi gombe, nthawi yomweyo amabisala mwakuya.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya asp yomwe yalongosoledwa pansipa.

Nsomba za asp: malo, kufotokozera, kubala, mawonekedwe asodzi ndi zida zamagetsi (zithunzi 105)

Asp ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yabanja la cyprinids. Msuzi ndi nsomba yokongola kwambiri, yolimba komanso yosamala - chifukwa chake nyama zomwe zimayesa kugwira zimayeseza izi m'malo mogwira, koma pofuna kusewera. Mutha kuwerengera za mitundu yonse ya zilombo zenizeni mu chithunzi cha nsomba zapamwamba.

Pofotokoza za nsomba ya asp, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yamitundu yonse ya ma cyprinid, anthu ena amatha kutalika kwa 100-120 cm kutalika kwa makilogalamu 10-12, Komabe, kwakukulu kukula kwake ndi 70-80 cm, ndi kulemera 4-5 kg.

Thupi la asp limadutsa ndikusunthidwa kuchokera kumbali, lili ndi zipsepse zamphamvu, makamaka caudal, mawonekedwe apamwamba ali mkati mwa kumbuyo kumbuyo kwamphamvu pang'ono pafupi ndi mchira. Ziphuphu zazikulu pansi pamutu, komanso zipsepse pamimba ndi imodzi pansi pamchira.

Zipsepse zonse ndi zazikulu, izi ndi chifukwa cha momwe phula limasakidwira - kulumpha kuchokera m'madzi ndikufalitsa zipsepse.

Mtundu wa zipsepse umakhala wofiyira m'munsi, umasandulika matupi amvi kumka kumapeto. Sikelo zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhazikika kumbuyo, ndichifukwa chake zimatchedwanso "kuyera" kapena "siliva torpedo".

Amur-wozungulira-mitu

Nsomba amakonda kukhala pansi pa mtsinje. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi thupi lokwera, mutu umakhala wotsika ndipo nthawi yomweyo umadukaduka, pamphumi pake amaphindika. Chochititsa chidwi ndi zipsepse zofiira, chifukwa chomwe Amur asp imatchulidwanso kuti zala. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Amur: Onon, Ussuri, Shilka, Buir-Nur, Khanka, Sungari. Nsombayi imakhala mpaka zaka 20, imakula mpaka masentimita 80, ikulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 2-4.

Zindikirani!

Maonekedwe a piniyo amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono ndi chibwano chake chachikulu. Pakamwa sipakhala mano okhala ndi mano.

Mitundu ya asp

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya asp - yodziwika / European, red-lipped, imodzi ya mitsinje ya China ndi Aral, yomwe imapezeka m'malo osungirako Central Asia komanso m'mitsinje yayikulu ya Syr Darya ndi Amu Darya.

Chifukwa nsomba za banja la cyprinid ndi mitundu wamba, chifukwa chake, kusadziwa momwe nsomba zomwe zimawoneka zimakonda kumabweretsa tanthauzo lolakwika, kusokoneza nsomba zina za banja lomwelo.

Aral

Aral asp imakhala m'madzi amchere amchere amchere ku Central Asia. Amakhala mpaka zaka 9. Amasiyana m'masamba owala osuta komanso thupi logundika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi wamba. Imafika pamtunda wama kilogalamu 5.5-6 ndikukula kwa masentimita 65-70. Chofunikira kwambiri pa Aral Sheresper ndi utoto wofiirira pakamwa ndi zipsepse zonse.

Samalo okhala ndi nsomba

Malo wamba omwe nsomba zansomba zimapezeka ndimadziwe akuluakulu, nyanja ndi mitsinje yayikulu, malo osungirako, komwe mumakhala mpweya wambiri komanso chakudya chochuluka, chomwe chimathetsa maiwe ochepa komanso osayipitsidwa.

Mitsinje yambiri, nyanja, malo osungirako zimafanana ndi izi ku dera la Europe ndi gawo la ku Europe. Malo okhala kumpoto amachokera ku Lake Onega kupita ku Ladoga, kenako Neva kupita mkamwa.

Malire akum'mwera kwa mzerewu ndi matupi amadzi a China ndi Kazakhstan, mitsinje ndi matupi amadzi a Central Asia, nyanja za Aral ndi Caspian.

Kodi chakudya chimadyedwa ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi mtundu wa zakudyazo, ma asp omwe ali m'gulu la pelagic ichthyophages, omwe amatsatira zigawo zapamwamba kapena zapakati mu chosungira, monga zikuwonekera ndi kapangidwe kamwa komanso mawonekedwe a thupi la nsomba. Nthaka zazing'ono zimangodya mphutsi, tizilombo, ma crustaceans, ndi ana enanso ochepa.

Nsomba ikafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kutalika, imasandulika chilombo ndipo imayamba kudya mwachangu zamtundu wina uliwonse wa nsomba, ikusankha nyama zazing'ono zazitali ndi roach. Komabe, zina mwa zakudya za phula lomwe limakulirakululi zimapangidwa ndi mphutsi ndi tizilombo.

Chifukwa chakuti nsombayi ndiosavomerezeka, imadyanso anthu ofanana, kuphatikiza mitundu yamasamba: chosokoneza, ide, gudgeon, komanso pike perch. Amakonda kuthamangitsa nsomba zazikulu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mkamwa mwa asp. Nthawi zambiri nyama yolusa imadyanso masentimita 14 mpaka 15.

Phulusa ndi nsomba zomwe zimathamangitsa nyama, koma osazidikirira kuti zibisalire. Nyengo yovuta, mvula yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamphamvu, nyama zodya zanyanjayi zimayandikira kwambiri, nthawi zina zimayandikira chapafupi kuti zitheke tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri kapena nsikidzi zomwe zimagwera m'madzi kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zimasintha madzi osungamo.

Kufalikira

Mapira amakula msanga kwambiri, chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya kosagwira ntchito komanso kudziletsa pakudya. Pofika chaka choyamba cha moyo, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 28 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 200 kapena kuposerapo.

Nsomba zimafika pa kutha msinkhu pafupi chaka chachitatu cha moyo, pomwe pafupifupi thupi la asp limafika pafupifupi 1.5 kilogalamu. Kukhazikika kwa pang'onopang'ono kumadalira nyengo. Kudera lakumwera kwa Russia, njira zowerengera zimayambira pakati pa Epulo, mpaka milungu ingapo. Kubalana kumachitika ndi kutentha kwa madzi pafupifupi madigiri 7-16.

Kutalikirana ndi njira ziwiri, chifukwa pomwe nsomba ziwiriawiri zimatha kuwonekera pamalo amodzi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapereka chithunzi cha kuswana kwa magulu. Nthawi yoweta nsomba imagwira limodzi ndi magulu ankhondo amphongo omenyera ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi.

Pofufuza malo owaza, osafunayo amakonda kuti asalowe m'misonkho yaying'ono. Amasankha tsamba pamadenga kapena pamiyala yamiyala, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa chosungira chokhazikika. Pakusaka koteroko, nsomba zodya ziwombera zimakwera kwambiri ngakhale mtsinjewo.

Wamkazi wazaka zazikulu amatha kusesa mazira pafupifupi 50-100 omwe amakhala pamizu ndi zimayambira za mbewu zomwe zimafa nthawi yozizira. Mazira a Asp amadziwika ndi kusakhazikika kwawo ndipo amasungidwa bwino pamtunda. Pakupita pafupifupi milungu ingapo, pansi pazabwino, mwachangu. Ngati madzi alibe kutentha, nthawi yomwe makulitsidwe amatha kupitilira.

Usodzi wanyengo

M'dzinja, woweta ubweya umayamba kudziunjikira mafuta nthawi yachisanu ndipo umabisala pakuya. Zofananira zazikulu zimadza panthawiyi, koma kuwedza ndikofunikira kutali ndi gombe, ndichifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito bwato. Sikovuta kugwira katswiri wazogwira, koma chifukwa cha izi amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo kapena nyambo yakuya. Nyambo iyenera kukhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, apo ayi chidwi chake sichidzalabadiranso. Mukugwa, nsomba zolusa sizilola aliyense kulowa, chifukwa chomwe asodzi odziwa bwino amadzisala.

M'chilimwe

M'chilimwe, nsapatozi zimasaka mwachangu. Amasambira pang'ono kufupi ndi gombe, chifukwa choti asodzi amatha kumugwira nyambo yaying'ono. Kuphatikiza pa mwachangu, achule amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera nsomba kuchokera pagombe. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zachilengedwe pokhapokha, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazingwe komanso zopindika.

M'nyengo yotentha, nsomba zimabwezeretseka, zimakhala zonyansa komanso zamanyazi, ndipo sizisambira kupita kugombe. Ma nyambo ataliatali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwire nyama yomwe imadyera nyama.

Nthawi yabwino yosodza imaganiziridwa m'mawa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi chidwi chimatha kusaka masukulu a nsomba zazing'ono, kukhala chakudya chosavuta. Kuyang'ana katsitsumzukwa m malo osuntha a masukulu akulu a nsomba zamadzi akulu.

Mphalapala umasaka pafupi, kudikirira nyama yake pamalo omwe ali ndi mpukutu wamadzi, wokhala ndi nyonga yayikulu kapena yapakatikati. Anthu ang'onoang'ono mpaka 2,5 kilogalamu amayamba kusokera m'masukulu, ndipo nsomba zazikulu zimasaka zokha.

M'nyengo yozizira

M'nyengo yozizira, woweta ubweya umapitiliza kusaka pafupi ndi madzi, koma ndizovuta kugwira. Izi zimafuna zaka zambiri zokumana nazo. Zoyang'anira zimagwidwa m'malo osungira kozizira, kutali ndi gombe, masana m'malo obisika, pomwe nsomba imadya. Gwirani phula, kugwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira kwa dzinja. Msodzi wankhonya amakokedwa mosamala, pogwiritsa ntchito mbedza yaying'ono, apo ayi nsomba yayikulu ikhoza kuwomba m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo, ndikuphwanya ndodo yosodza.

Phulusa limatengedwa ndi madzi oundana, koma m'malo omwe mumapezeka timitsinje momwe mumapezeka mitsinje, ndiye kuti pali malo olimba pafupi ndi maenje kapena kuti madziwo amapatsidwa ndi mpweya. Kukoka phula pogwiritsa ntchito dzenje:

• bulu wokhala ndi lotupa lalitali kuposa masentimita 20,
• njira zochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito zopapatiza, ma castmaster kapena oyendetsa ndege,
• ma pike a siliva (samakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito).

Pa ayezi, ndizovomerezeka kuyandikira mabowo okhala ndi kupota wamba, koma osayiwala kuti m'mphepete mwamadzi pali ayezi woonda. Osati kulephera zimapangitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo a 10-15 mamita kuchokera pamphepete mwa ayezi. Pankhaniyi, akuyenera kuyimira osati pakalipano, koma kumbali yake.

Kuwonjezeka kwa nsomba kudzaperekedwa ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, komwe kumagwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda pakudya mu nsomba. Kumayambiriro koyambira, kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga chophika ndi kuwonjezera kwa nyongolotsi ndi nyama zazing'ono zili pansi. M'mwezi wa Meyi, ma sp amakhala ngati bug wa May. M'nyengo yotentha, ana a nkhanu amadya ankhandwe, zidutswa za mwachangu, agulugufe, ziwala, ntchentche zazikulu. Asodzi amapanga mipira kuchokera kuzilombo, kuziyika mu feeder. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za nsomba ndi achule.

Amtengo wapatali amtengo wapatali kwa asp

Asp ndi asodzi ochenjera komanso amanyazi, nthawi yomweyo ali opusa, chifukwa chomwe adakhala otchuka kwambiri m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, kukhala chinthu chosinthanitsa ndi masewera. Chifukwa chakuti apulosi akukulira mwachangu, ndipo nyama yawo ndi yathanzi komanso yokoma, nsomba zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunika.

Mapulogalamu apafupipafupi azinthu zapamwamba ndizofunikira kwambiri pamsika. Nyama ya nsomba, ngakhale imakoma kwambiri, imadziwika ndi kupindika kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posuta fodya kapena kuchiritsa, ndipo masamba a pulasitiki amatha kufananizidwa ndi kukoma kwa khonde lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku nsomba za nsomba.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimaphika kuchokera ku asp?

• Nyama ya nsomba ndi mafuta, yofewa, koma ili ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono ambiri. Akasanza, mafupawo amafewetsa ndipo osazindikira.
• Nyama ya asp imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika nyama yoboola, kuphatikiza ndi masamba, msuzi ndi kirimu wowawasa, kuphika ndi zojambulazo kapena kuwaza.
• Mchere paphaka wotsekemera amakhala ndi kukoma. Amakhala ngati appetizer ndi croutons.
• Msuzi wokoma wa nsomba kapena msuzi wa nsomba umakonzedwa kuchokera ku gawo la nsomba.
• Ndizokoma kwambiri kuphika nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba: phwetekere, phwetekere, udzu winawake. Asp amawazidwa zitsamba ndikuwuphika tchizi.
• Nsomba imaphikidwa pamtengo, kuphika mu uvuni ndi makala.
• Yoyenera kukoka ndi kulongedza.

Adani a asp

Pempholi limakhala ndi ziwalo zooneka bwino komanso zamphamvu. Ngakhale atasaka, nsomba zimatha kuwongolera bwino malo onse ozungulira, chifukwa chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwa adani achilengedwe azisangalalo kuyandikira pafupi.

Achichepere amatenga nawo gawo la nyama zambiri zomwe zimadyera, kuphatikiza ndi mavu akuluakulu. Mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa ndi mbalame zina, makamaka ma cormorants ndi gull.

Mwa mavu akuluakulu, mwachilengedwe palibe adani. Chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri cha toyesa maluwa okhwima chimayimiriridwa ndi chiwombankhanga ndi ospreys. Ndi mbalame izi zomwe zimatha kuwoneka kuti ndi okuwa, m'maso mwa mbalame, kenako nkukwerekera ndipo kenako ndikugwira nsomba zamadzi.

Kuswana kwa khola

Kuswana kwa asp ndi cholinga chofuna kukhazikitsa kumachitika ndi kupha nsomba kwambiri. Padziwe kapena dziwe lomwe lili ndi zida zapadera, mumayendedwe amiyala yamagetsi yaying'ono, momwe amatulutsira ana.

Ngongole ndimatumba omwe amamangiriridwa pamatabwa oyandama, komanso okhala ndi ma tchuthi kuti asayende. Ndizabwino kwambiri kuti khola limakhala lalikulu 6x4 metres, ndipo kutalika kwake likufanana ndi kuya kwa chosungira, koma osapitilira 2,5 metres.

Mu khola lililonse, nsomba zimayambitsidwa pamlingo wa anthu 200 pa mita imodzi. Pakusunga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge zipatso za chaka chimodzi. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri kuchokera ku khola limodzi pamsika, mpaka ma kilogalamu 5,000 a nsomba zomwe zimagulidwa.

Chofunikira ndikumaperekedwa kwa mapuloteni ambiri, dziwe kapena dziwe, kusefa madzi, kuyatsa kukopa zachilengedwe: zooplankton, tizilombo.

Ndalama zimapezeka osati kokha chifukwa chogulitsa nsomba, komanso kuchokera pakubwezeretsa gawo lamderali kwa zakumwa za amayi. Kenako, mazira obisalamo amasankhidwa ndipo ma cyprinids amakulitsidwa, omwe kenako amagulitsidwa kuti akuwerengerani ku mafamu ena.

Dziwe lakumidzi

Kubala asp pamakomo okhalamo nthawi zonse ndizovomerezeka ngati kuli kotheka kukumba dziwe kapena kutseka mtsinje ndi malo osachepera 30 metres ndi mita pafupifupi 1.5. Ngati palibe zoterezi, ma sp ndi omwe amangoyilidwa kokha m'chilimwe mu ma dziwe opanga pulasitiki.

Mukakonza dziwe, kubwereza kapangidwe ka nkhokwe zachilengedwe kumafunikira:

• Pansi nthaka yaikidwapo, miyala yosinthana, dongo ndi silt.
• Amapanga mpumulo wokhala ndi nsidze ziwiri.
• Zomera zam'madzi zimabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
• Pansi pazikhala ndi dzenje komanso losaya.

Maola ena masana ayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuti, dziwe liyenera kukumbidwa m'deralo momwe mthunzi kuchokera nyumba kapena mitengo imagwera. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nsomba ibisike padziwe mu dzuwa lowala.

Zimavomerezedwa kuti dziwe limakhala ndi bedi loumbika lomwe lidapangidwa kale. Malinga ndi kutuluka kwa madzi mu dziwe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya malo achilengedwe. Mukadzaza dziwe ndi madzi ochokera kunja kapena opopera, dziwe limapangidwa ngati dziwe lomwe lili ndi konkire. Chifukwa chake muyenera kukhazikitsa dongosolo losefera madzi.

Phula limayambitsidwa mu dziwe madzi atayima pafupifupi miyezi ingapo - izi zimafunikira kuti zikayike pansi pa silt, momwe zimapangira zomera zam'madzi, ndikupanga chilengedwe. Ndi njira yoyenera, pakatha zaka zochepa, wamkulu wachidwi amayamba kutuluka.

Asp ndi nsomba yodabwitsa, yomwe, ngakhale imachita manyazi, imadya nyama mwachangu yomwe singalole kuti idyedwe ndi anthu amphamvu. Amadziwika ndi maonekedwe okongola, nyama yamtengo wapatali komanso yathanzi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Momwe matupi amadzi amachitikira

Asp asodzi zotheka pokhapokha ngati madzi abwino, oyenda komanso oyera. Ma carp ena sanatchulidwe. Dera lamadzi liyenera kukhala lakuzama, lalikulu.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha asp chimakhazikika m'malo omwe ali pakati pa mitsinje ya Ural ndi Rhine. Chifukwa chake, amakumana ndi carp osati ku Russia, komanso ku Asia. Rhine imadutsa mayiko 6. Amakhazikitsa malire akum'mwera kwa malo okhala. Malire akumpoto ndi Svir. Uwu ndi mtsinje wolumikiza Lake Ladoga ndi Onega.

M'madziwe angapo, maapozi adabzalidwa mochita kupanga. Chifukwa chake, mu njere ya Balashikha carp imamasulidwa ndi munthu. Ndi nsomba zochepa zomwe zidatsala. Komabe, nthawi zina amagwira Balashikha.

Mitsinje yomwe maapps amakhalamo, imayenda mu Nyanja za Caspian, Black, Azov ndi Baltic. M'madera a Siberian ndi ku Far East, carp sapezeka. Koma ku Europe, woimira banja wamkulu kwambiri amapezeka, akumakumana ku England, Sweden, Norway, France. Ndicholinga choti chithunzi pa chithunzi atha kukhala aku Asia, Russian ndi European.

Mitundu ya nsomba za asp

Mawonedwe agawidwa kukhala 3 subtypes. Loyamba limatchedwa wamba asp. Ndiye amene amapambana m'mitsinje ya Russia. Pamalonda, carp imakololedwa pakugwa. Asp - mwini nyama yanthete. Imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mafupa. Mtundu wa nyama, monga mitembo ina, ndi yoyera.

Asp caviar komanso chokoma, chojambulidwa chikasu. M'nyengo yozizira, zakudya zotsekemera zimapendedwa chifukwa kuluma kwapanyengo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. M'malo ozizira, nsomba zimagwidwa mu maukonde. Nsomba zambiri nthawi yozizira zimagona nthawi yomweyo. Msuzi, mmalo mwake, umagwira.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa phula ndi Near Asia. Wagwidwa pachifuwa cha Tigris. Mtsinjewu umayenda kudera la Syria ndi Iraq. Masanjidwe am'deralo ndiocheperako kuposa masiku onse. Ngati pakati pa oyamba pomwepo pali zimphona 80-masentimita 90 zolemera kilos, ndiye kuti mitembo yayikulu yaku Asia sichidutsa sentimita 60 kutalika.

Kulemera kwa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa mu Nguluwe, osaposa mapaundi awiri. Momwemo, olusa amakhala ochepa thupi kuposa masiku onse, amakhala onenepa kwambiri.

Njira zachitatu zapamwamba ndizapamwamba. Ndizothetsa bonde la Amur. Nsomba zomwe zili mmenemo ndizofanana ndi munthu wadazi. Uwu ndi woimira wina wa m'madzi abwinowa. Amur asp ali ndi kamwa yaying'ono. Ndizo zosiyana zonse za nsomba. Anthu okhala ndi mutu wophwaphalaphala amadzakhazikika kumtunda kwa kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Amur komanso pakamwa pake. M'madzi akummwera kwa carp mtsinje suwoneka.

Mu chithunzichi, katsitsi lotsogola

Amur carp amakonda madzi osaya. Mitundu ina yazinyama nthawi zambiri imapita mwakuya. Nsomba ina imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusamuka masana. M'mawa, anyaniwa amayandikira m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, ndipo madzulo amapita pakati pa mtsinje. Kusamukira kumadaliranso nthawi ya tsiku. Asp amafuna kutentha ndi kuwala, chifukwa chake, mu sundial imapitilira kuyandikira.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kukula kumayambira kumapeto. Madeti enieni amatengera nyengo ya malowa, kutentha kwa madzi. M'madera akumwera, mwachitsanzo, mitembo imayamba kubereka pakati pa Epulo. Kukula kumatha kumapeto kwa Meyi. Madzi ayenera kutentha mpaka madigiri 7. Yothandiza 15 pamlingo wa Celsius.

Asp masika imayamba kubereka ngati ikufika zaka zitatu. Awa ndi malire pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Mwa njira, sizimasiyana maonekedwe. Mwa nsomba zina, mtundu wa kugonana kumachitika ngati amuna amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, kapena mosemphanitsa.

Pakuponya mazira asp ndimagawika awiriawiri. Poyandikana nawo, mbadwa za mabanja a carp 8-10 zimabadwanso. Kuchokera kunja zikuwoneka kuti kubereka ndi gulu, koma kwenikweni izi siziri choncho.

Kuti mupeze malo oyenera kubowoleza, ma sps amapitilira makilomita makumi angapo kutsata mtsinjewo kukafika kumtunda kwa mitsinje. Zingwe zamiyala kapena pansi pamchenga pamunsi yolimba zimasankhidwa.

Chiwerengero cha mazira otayika mu carp chimasiyana kwambiri. Pakhoza kukhala zidutswa 50, ndipo mwina 100,000. M'malo, mazira amamangidwa chifukwa cha kuterera kwa malo awo. Fry amabadwa patatha masabata awiri atatulutsa.

Asp

Asp - Iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu. Asodzi amapikisana nthawi zonse wina ndi mnzake pofuna kugwira nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. Ambiri amati pali nsomba zambiri m'mafupa. Komabe, izi sizimachepetsa kutchuka kwake konse. Pali malo okuberekera ambiri omwe nsomba izi zimadulidwa chifukwa cha mafakitale, kapena pofuna kusangalatsa kwanu. Pakati pa anthu, phula ili ndi mayina ena ambiri - mahatchi, grip, kuyera. Awiri oyamba ali chifukwa cha njira yosaka kwambiri. Nsomba zodziwika bwino zimatchedwa chifukwa cha zokhala zoyera. Msuzi ndi mtundu wa nsomba womwe umagawika m'magulu atatu.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Asp ndi ya nyama yotsatizana, nsomba zokhala ndi ray, nsomba za cyprinid, banja la cyprinid, mtundu ndi mitundu ya mavu zimaperekedwa mugululi. Mpaka pano, akatswiri a ichthyologists sangapereke chidziwitso chonse chokhudza mtundu wa carp. Pali mitundu ingapo yamomwe nsomba zimachokera.Malinga ndi kunena kwina komwe kumanenedweratu, oimira akale azisangalalo amakono amakhala pagombe la China chamakono, Japan, ndi maiko ena aku Asia.

Kodi phula kapena wowombera amawoneka bwanji?

Dzina loti nsomba la tlhira mwina limachokera ku liwu loti mafuta kapena mwina kuchokera ku kususuka kwawo. Nthenga ndi mchira wake ndi wamphamvu, wolimba kwambiri komanso wotambalala, ndipo akangodumphira m'madzi ndikuwonjezera, amawoneka okulirapo, mwina chifukwa cha ichi amatchedwa Sheresper.

Ali aang'ono kwambiri, nsomba za asp ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mng'oma, koma zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mng'oma ndi maso ake ocheperako ndi mutu wowongoka, komanso miyeso yaying'ono. Ngakhale wobetchera kuchokera ku ma bleakers amadziwika ndi mano ambiri am'mimba komanso nthiti yowoneka bwino pamimba pakati pa zipsepse zamkati ndi anal fin. Koma mukulira, kusiyana kwa ma ass kumawonekera kale, ndipo sikungasokonezeke ndi nsomba zina, popeza zimafika kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera kosiyana ndi ma blipes. Kulemera kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa anthu wamba ndi 2-4 kg, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu, 70 cm kutalika ndi masekeli 8 kapena kuposa.

Ana abambo achichepere amakula msanga, pamodzi ndi squint, popeza abadwa kuchokera mazira kale koyambirira kwa Juni, amafikira kutalika kwa 6 cm, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira amakula kukula kwa lingaliro lalitali, pafupifupi 16-18 cm. Wachaka chimodzi, amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200, ndipo m'zaka ziwiri, kulemera kale ndi magalamu 600, ndipo pazaka zitatu, nsomba za asp zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 1.2. Oimira awa a banja la cyprinids amakhala olusa mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, koma nthawi yomweyo zoyerekeza zosakwana 2-2,5 kg sizimabwera kawirikawiri. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamodzi mwa nsomba zochepa zomwe zimachokera ku carp zomwe zimadya nsomba zochepa.

Sheresper ili ndi kumbuyo kwakukulu, pafupifupi kukula kwa thupi lake. Kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi ndi tinge ya buluu, mbali za thupi ndi zonyezimira, ndipo m'mimba mwayera. Mtundu wa thupi ukhoza kukhala wa mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, kutengera malo omwe amakhala, mwachitsanzo, ngati nsomba za asp ndizikakhala m'malo amchenga, ndiye kuti mbali zakezo zimakhala ndi chikasu chachikasu. Zipsepse za dorsal ndi caudal zimachita imvi ndimtambo wamtambo, ndipo zipsepse zotsalazo ndi imvi yopepuka ndi tint yowala.

Maso a nsomba ndiwotchi wachikasu ndi chingwe chobiriwira kumtunda wakumbuyo. Mphepete zamkati ndi zobowola zimakhala zolimba komanso zazikulu, zomwe zimamuthandiza pakasaka chakudya, makamaka mphamvu yamalonda yamkokomo, yomwe amadyetsa nyama yake yaying'ono. Chizindikiro cha wokhala mmudziwu ndi nsagwada ya m'munsi, yomwe imatsogola pang'ono, ndipo pakamwa pa wowombera sinameno, ngakhale kuti ndiwodya.

Komwe timapezekamo ndipo timakhala

Asp kapena sheresper nsomba imagawidwa pafupifupi mitsinje yayikulu yonse komanso yapakatikati yoyenda ku North, Baltic, Black, Caspian ndi Azov Seas. Ndipo imapezekanso m'maiko apakati pa Europe, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Sweden ndi Norway. Ku France, England ndi kumwera kwa Europe, sizipezeka ndipo sizichitika.

Nsomba zambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku Urals, mumtsinje wa Volga ndi m'milandu yake, mumtsinje wa Kura. Mu mitsinje ndi nyanja yayikulu ya Karelia ndi Isthmus ya Karelian palibe zambiri za iyo, komabe imapezeka mu Lake Ladoga, mumtsinje wa Vuoksa ndi madzi ena ambiri. Sip imeneyi imakhala m'mphepete mwa Ilmen, Pskov ndi Peipsi, komanso ilinso yambiri kumeneko. M'mitsinje yopanda, ndi m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono, Scheresper samapezeka.

Anthu onyenga, monga nsomba zina zambiri, amakopeka ndi mitsinje yotsekeredwa ndi madamu, mpaka maloko atatsekedwa, amakhala pomwepo ndikudya nsomba zomwe zidasambitsidwa ndi mtsinje wamadzi, komanso nsomba zomwe zimabwera komweko kudzadya zomwe zimathamanga mumtsinje utatha loko. M'malo oterowo, omwe amakhala ndi chizimba amakudya mwachangu ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, malokhowo atatsekedwa, amachoka.

Malo akuluakulu omwe amakhala amakhala amasankha maenje okuya kwambiri kapena ocheperako, pafupi ndi komwe kumakhala mipata yayikulu komanso yotakata, makamaka yamchenga, komwe ndi malo awo, komwe kuwedza nsomba za spout kumatha kuchita bwino kwambiri. Ndiwochulukirapo kwamadzi, makamaka m'mitsinje yotseka, nthawi zambiri amakwera m'mwamba ndikuyandikira madamu okha, koma madzi akatsika, amatsitsimuka ndikubwerera kumalo awo otentha.

Komabe, nsomba za asp zimatha kupezeka ndikukhala m'madziwe ofunika osayendayenda, pomwe amamasulidwa komanso komwe amalowa m'magulu, mosiyana ndi moyo wawo womasuka payekha pazachilengedwe. Ndi nthawi yoyambira yokha yomwe Schereperses, mpaka atakula, ali ndi zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu, omwe amapezeka m'matumba mwachilengedwe, ndipo kenaka m'maenje ozizira. Mwinanso amagona m'maenje osaya nthawi yozizira koma osazizira kenako osadya chilichonse, ndichifukwa chake kusodza kwawo nthawi yachisanu kumatha kukhala kwangozi.

Zomwe zimadya, kodi chinangwa chimadya chiyani?

Asp ndi nsomba yamasana, imakonda kuwala ndi malo, imakhala pansi komanso mwakuya usiku. Ngakhale usiku m'mwezi wa Meyi ndi June amadya usiku. M'madzi akuya, wowombayo nthawi zambiri amasambira theka-lamadzi kapena kumtunda, m'malo osaya pansi amayandama pansi, kotero mawonekedwe ake omaliza amatha kuwonekera. Zovala zazing'onoting'ono nthawi zonse zimayenda mwachangu ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofunikira ndi matupi awo, pomwe anthu akuluakulu, m'malo mwake, amasambira pang'onopang'ono komanso mwakuya pang'ono m'madzi, kotero funde lomwe amayendetsa ndi lingaliro lawo labwino silikhala lalitali kwambiri, koma lokwera kwambiri komanso lamphamvu.

Kudumpha posambira m'madzi, kapena ndewu, monga momwe amadziwika kuti ndi asodzi odziwa ntchito, kumatanthauza kuti nyama yolusa idagona pagulu la nsomba zazing'ono, ndipo, ikadabwitsidwa ndi mchira wake umodzi kapena zingapo kapena zopondera, ndikuigwira ndi kamwa yayikulu. Mwambiri, kusaka kwa Scheresper kunali koyambirira kwambiri, nsombayi, ndikumenyedwa ndi mchira wake wamphamvu, imakola nyama yake, nsomba yaying'ono, kenako ndikuyigwira pakamwa pake. Koma pali malingaliro oti samasaka motere m'malo onse, koma amadya mosavuta, ngati bango, ali panjira amatsegula pakamwa pake ndikuthamangitsa nsomba kuti iwagwire.

Nkhondo ndi chiwopsezo cha katsitsidwe kamveka kutali ndi kutali kwambiri, popeza iye, akulumpha kuchokera m'madzi, amawombera ndi phokoso lalikulu ndikung'amba, akubwereza kuyendetsa kangapo kangapo. Nthawi zambiri magazi owuma, minyewa ndi ma bato amagwira ntchito ngati nkhonya ya wometera;

Kodi maphawa amadya chiyani

Asp ndi nsomba yodya nyama, chifukwa chake amadyedwa. Pa magawo oyamba a chitukuko chake, menyu ake amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Kukula kwake kukafika 30 cm masentimita, kumakhala korona weniweni, wokhoza kusaka nsomba zazing'ono.

Pomwe imakula, nsomba zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono mpaka kutalika kwa 10-15 cm. Kutulutsa kwa asp kumangolekeredwa ndi kamwa yake yaying'ono.

Mtsempha sakhala wosankha kwambiri m'zakudya, amakhala wokhutira ndi nsomba zomwe zimatchedwa zodwala - tyulka, gudgeon, blak, etc.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi phula limawoneka bwanji?

Kuyera ndi nsomba ya banja la carp. Monga oimira ena a banja la carp, ili ndi mafupa ambiri. Nsombayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalikulu, lalikulu, lofupikitsidwa, lomwe limakhala ngati cholendewera. Kumbuyo ndi kowongoka komanso koyenera, kupakidwa utoto wakuda, nthawi zina utoto. Mbali za nsomba ndi imvi, ndipo m'mimba amapentedwa mwasiliva. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi sikelo zasiliva. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti katsitsumzidwe kamakhala ndi mchira wolimba kwambiri komanso wamkulu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbali yake yotsika ndiyotalikirapo kuposa kumtunda. Ma Ichthyologists amawona zizindikiro zingapo zakunja.

Makhalidwe akunja kwa katsabola:

• mutu wodukiza, wopindika,
• pakamwa chachikulu,
• nsagwada yayikulu yam'munsi
• zipsepse zamkati ndi zokhala ndi imvi ndipo zimakhala ndi malangizo amdima,
• zipse zina zonse zomwe zimapezeka thupi la nsomba zimakhala zofiirira kapena zamalanje pamunsi ndi imvi pafupi kumapeto.

Mutu wakuyera umakhala wamkulu, wamtali. Ili ndi milomo yayikulu, yopanda minofu komanso nsagwada pang'ono. Nsagwada za cyprinid izi zilibe mano. M'malo mwake, pali ma tubercles achilendo komanso ma geno. Ma tubercles amapezeka patsaya. Zotseguka zili pamwamba ndipo zimapangidwira khomo la ma tubercles, omwe ali pansipa. Mapangidwe oterewa a nsagwada amakupatsani mwayi wogwira nyama yomwe ingagwire, yomwe ilibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Kapangidwe kofananira ka zida zam'kamwa kumathandizira chidwi kuti asakire nyama yayikulu.

Chochititsa chidwi: Modabwitsa, pali chiwerengero chochepa cha zoyambitsa kukhosi kwa katsitsi.

Akuluakulu, akuluakulu amakula mpaka kutalika kwa mita 1-1.3. Kulemera kwa nsomba izi ndi ma kilogalamu 11-13. Kukula kwakukulu kwa munthu wokhwima mwakugonana ndi masentimita 50-80, ndipo misa ndi 6-7 kilogalamu.

Kodi phulusa limakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Asp ku Russia

Asp ikufunika kwambiri pa moyo. Kupezeka kwa chisimba chachikulu komanso chamadzi akuya ndikofunika kwambiri kwa nsomba zamtunduwu. Liyenera kukhala ndi madzi oyera oyenda ndi chakudya komanso mpweya wabwino wambiri. Nsomba sizipezeka konse m'matupi amadzi omwe ali ndi uve kapena alibe chakudya chokwanira. Ambiri mwa anthu okhala kudera la Russia amakhala m'midzi yayikulu, mitsinje yayikulu, nyanja zamchere ndi nyanja. Kukhazikitsidwa bwino kuti kuyera kumapezeka kum'mwera kwa Russia, nyanja zaku North ndi Baltic.

Dera lomwe malo okhala nsomba ndi laling'ono. Imafalikira kudzera Kum'mawa ndi gawo la Western Europe. A Ichthyologists amalongosola ngati gawo pakati pa Mtsinje wa Ural ndi Mtsinje wa Rhine. Msewuwu ndi waukulu kwambiri ku Europe ndipo umadutsa mayiko asanu ndi limodzi a ku Europe. Madera akum'mwera kwa malo omwe nsomba zimafotokozedwera ndi madera a Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, ndi Kyrgyzstan.

Malire akumwera okhala ndi nsomba amakhalanso ndi:

Zambiri za nsomba zimapezeka mumtsinje wa Scyaz, Neva, Onega ndi Ladoga. Nthawi zina mutha kukumana ndi Asp ku Lake Balkhash. Anamubweretsa kumeneko.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Asp pansi pamadzi

Woimira ma cyprinidyu amakonda malo otseguka ndi mitsinje mwachangu, makamaka maloko ndi makina amadzi. Malo ngati amenewa ndi malo abwino okhala nsomba. Ali ndi zofunikira zonse pakusaka bwino komanso chakudya chochuluka. Phokoso lamadzi ndi kusefukira kwamadzi kubisala ndikutchingira kumadzi, mothandizidwa ndi momwe nsomba zimapezera chakudya. M'malo momwe mulibe phokoso lamakono ndi lamadzi, nsomba ndizosowa kwambiri.

Asp ndi mmodzi mwa oimira wamkulu wa banja la carp. Mwachilengedwe, ali ndi chikhalidwe chamunthu wankhanza ndipo, atafika pamlingo wokwanira, amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Kuyera kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kutentha kwa madzi. Choyimira ichi chimakhudza kwambiri kukula ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo. Izi nsomba zimasankhidwa kukhala zaka zana. Ichthyologists sanathe kudziwa zaka zomwe adakwanitsa, koma adatha kudziwa kuti anthu ena adakhalako zaka 13 mpaka 13.

Amakhala ndi moyo wautali chonchi chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mphezi. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba imachita manyazi kwambiri. Ngati awona mthunzi woyandikira kutali, nthawi yomweyo amabisala pamalo obisika, otetezeka. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu kuti zichulukitse kuchuluka kwawo ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopulumuka. Pamene nkhosazo zikukula, nsomba zimasokonekera ndipo nsomba zimangokhala zokha. Nsomba ndizosavomerezeka mu chakudya, zimatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka m'madzi amtsinje. Chifukwa cha izi, amakula msanga ndipo amalimbitsa thupi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Asp pa Volga

Nthawi yakutha msinkhu imayamba pafupifupi chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Nsomba ndizokonzeka kutuluka pomwe thupi lake limaposa kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Msodzi wa nsomba zomwe zimapezeka kumpoto zimapezeka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu pambuyo pake kuposa nsomba zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera.

Kuyamba kwa kuswana mwachindunji kumatengera nyengo ndi kutentha kwa madzi kumalo a nsomba. Madera akumwera, kutchera kumayambira pakati pa Epulo ndipo kumatenga milungu ingapo. Kutentha kwamadzi komwe kumakhalapo bwino pakubereka ndikuchokera madigiri 7 mpaka 15. Kudzala thukuta kumapangidwa, motero, awiriawiri nthawi imodzi amatuluka m'gawo lomwelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gulu liziberekanso.

Chosangalatsa: Pokonzekera kubereka, amuna amapanga mpikisano wothira ufulu wa umuna. Pakulimbana kotere, zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri komanso kuvulaza wina ndi mnzake.

Pulogalamuyo ikusaka malo oyenera kuwaza. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika pamiyala yamchenga kapena dongo mumsewu wamadzi okhala ndi madzi okhazikika. Pofufuza, anthu ambiri amatukuka kwambiri ngakhale atasuntha. Yaikazi yayikulu-yayikulu imazira mazira pafupifupi 60,000 mpaka 100,000 omwe amakhala pamitengo ndi masamba ena akumera m'nthawi yozizira. Mazira amaphimbidwa ndi chinthu chomata, chifukwa chomwe chimakhazikika pazomera.

M'malo abwino komanso kutentha kwa madzi, patatha pafupifupi milungu itatu, mphutsi zimatuluka. Ngati kutentha kwa madzi kuli kochepa kwambiri, mphutsi zimatuluka mazira pambuyo pake.

Adani achilengedwe

Chithunzi: Zapamwamba zazikulu

Tsitsi ndi nyama yodya nyama, yomwe imakonda kupha nyama mwachisawawa, yomwe imakhala yozindikira kwambiri, kumva kwambiri, masomphenya ndi ziwalo zina. Ngakhale mu nthawi yomwe nsomba imasaka, imayang'anira malo onse mozungulira ngakhale patali patali ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kapena mdani. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nyama zazing'ono ndi mphutsi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri, ndichifukwa chake zimasonkhana pagulu.

Adani achilengedwe azungu:

Komabe, nsomba imasamala kwambiri komanso imakhala ndi ziwalo zam'malingaliro zopangidwa mwaluso, imakhala ndi moyo wamtopola. Mwakutero, katsitsumzidwe kamakhala chinthu chongotulutsa usodzi m'maiko ambiri ku Europe. Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kumugwira.

Komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo osungira momwe nsomba zimakhazikika mwachindunji ndi anthu. Izi zimayambitsa kufa kwa nsomba zambirimbiri, makamaka ngati madziwo ali oipitsidwa ndi sludge yama mafakitale komanso zinyalala zaukadaulo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi phula limawoneka bwanji?

Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kukucheperachepera m'malo osiyanasiyana momwe amakhala. Zomwe zikuluzikulu za izi zimachitikira ndikugwidwa ndi maukonde a achichepere omwe sangakhale moyo mpaka nthawi yakubzala, komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe.

Mpaka pano, ma subspecies ngati Central Asia asp ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwa malo amtunduwu ndi boti lamtsinje wa tiger m'dera la Iraq ndi Syria.

Ndi kuchepa kwa anthu, mtengo wa nsomba izi umakwera kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ozizira. Amagwiritsa ntchito zida zoletsedwa komanso zida zophera nsomba posaka. M'malo agalu, zilombo zazikulu zokhala ndi mbewa zimakhala pafupi, zomwe zambiri zimazigwira kuchokera kumadzi posaka, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwake.

Zowopsa pa chiwerengero cha anthu ndikusintha kwanyengo komanso kuzizira. Nsomba zimakonda kwambiri zochitika zoterezi. Zotsatira zakusintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepa ndipo nthawi yakuswana ikuchedwa.

Chitetezo

Chithunzi: Red Book Asp

Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa asipidwe kumachepa mosalekeza, ndipo kuchuluka kwa Asipid ku Asia ndikochepa kwambiri, kudanenedwa kuti ndi mitundu yachilengedwe yomwe ili pafupi kutha ndipo yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira la International.

Motere, bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi loteteza oimira osowa a handicap ndi fauna akupanga mapulogalamu apadera omwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa asp.Amaphatikizaponso kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wamakhalidwe, zakudya, ndi zinthu zina komanso zofunikira kuti pakhale njira zoyenera zothandizira ulimi wa nsomba m'malo ochita kupanga.

Sizoletsedwa kupha nsomba kumadera okhala zachilengedwe, makamaka mothandizidwa ndi maukonde ndi njira zoletsedwa. Malo omwe nsomba zimayang'aniridwa ndikuwunikidwa nthawi zonse ndi nsomba. Ophwanya malamulo ndi zomwe zilipo kale amakumana ndi chilango chokhazikitsidwa ngati chindapusa pamlingo waukulu kwambiri.

Maofesi ndi mafakitale omwe zinyalala zawo zimatha kuyipitsa chilengedwe komanso kufa kwa nsomba, amafunikira zida zamtundu wa zonyansa.

Asp - Ichi ndi cholusa, koma nsomba yayikulu ya banja la carp. Nyama yake imakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza anthu, ngakhale ilibe mafupa ambiri. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamtunduwu ndizochepa kwambiri, mokhudzana ndi momwe ma Asp amalembedwera Buku Lapadziko Lonse Lapansi.