Anthu ambiri mdziko lathu adamva dzina loti "swallowtail". Gulugufeyu amadziwika ndi ambiri. Zitha kuwoneka zachilendo apa kuti anthu ambiri sanamvepo mayina amtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, ukulu wa ambiri mwa khutu. Mwina chifukwa chake ndi chakuti munthuyu ndi wokongola kwambiri komanso ali ndi kukula kwakukulu. M'mayiko ena, amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa anthu akumeza kuyandikira mofulumira.
Gulugufe wa Swallowtail adadziwika ndi dzina kuchokera kwa katswiri wazachilengedwe wotchuka Carl Linnaeus. Anakhala woyambitsa chuma cha nyama. Linnaeus ataona izi, kenako osadziwikanso kuti, gulugufe, adatcha mwana wa Aesculapius Machaon, dotolo wodziwika bwino wa Nkhondo ya Trojan, yemwe adapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri ya anthu ndikuchepetsa kuvutika kwa anthu. Swallowtail - woimira wamkulu wa Lepidoptera. Zokhudza banja la maboti oyenda panyanja.
Gulugufe wa Swallowtail: Kufotokozera
Swallowtail ili ndi masamba 37. Mutha kusiyanitsa pansi pa gulugufe mwa mapiko ake okha. Mwa amuna amachokera 65 mpaka 80 mm, mwa akazi - kuchokera 75 mpaka 95 mm. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 9. Mapiko a Gulugufe ndi osalimba, ozungulira, otupa. Machaons ndi amphamvu komanso osatopa ndipo samakhala malo amodzi pamalo amodzi. Ngakhale atadya, nthawi zambiri amapukusa mapiko awo kapena pafupifupi amangochokapo.
Gulugufe wam'meza, yemwe chithunzi chake chikhoza kuwonedwa m'nkhaniyi, ndi wokongola kwambiri. Osati akuluakulu okha. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, ngakhale mayendedwe amakopa chidwi. Ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino.
Khola la gulugufe (monga anthu onse masana) limawoneka ngati zikhomo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yolimba. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi osayandikana ndi m'mimba, popeza ali ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ndi "michira" mkati (kutalika kwa nthambi).
Kwenikweni, choweta ndi mtundu wachikaso lowoneka bwino, ndipo chingwe chakuda chikuyenda thupi lonse. Kutsogolo (kwakukulu) mapiko a gulugufe ndi amtundu wofanana ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo kumbuyo - maunyolo amtambo wakuda wabuluu. Mapikowo amawajambulitsa pamapikowo ndi utoto wofiira. Mbadwo wachilimwe wa agulugufe amayenda kwambiri kuposa woyamba.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail
Mitundu Papilio machaon ndi a banja la Sailboats (ochokera lat. Papilionidae). Mtunduwu udapezeka ndi wa zachilengedwe waku Sweden mu 1758 ndi Karl Liney. Wasayansi yemwe adatcha gulugufe polemekeza sing'anga wakale wachi Greek Machaon, yemwe anali wochita zamankhwala, wothandizira opaleshoni, komanso adamenyera Agiriki ku Warjan War (1194 BC). Adokotala anali mwana wa Asclepius (mulungu wochiritsa) ndi Epiona.
Chosangalatsa: Pali nthano yomwe Dr. Machaon adachiritsa asitikali akuvulala pomenya nkhondo. Pankhondo ya Troy, adatengapo gawo kuti apeze dzanja ndi mtima wa Elena the Beautiful. Koma, akamwalira mu nkhondo imodzi, mzimu wake umasandulika gulugufe wokongola wachikasu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda pamapiko ake.
Popeza mndandanda wam'meza ndiwotambalala, mpaka ngongole za 37 zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi njenjetezi. Chodziwika pakati pawo:
- Orientis - kumwera kwa Siberia,
- Ussuriensis - Dera la Amur ndi Primorye,
- Hippocrates - Japan, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands,
- Amurensis - beseni lamkati ndi lamunsi Amur,
- Asiatica - Central Yakutia,
- Kamtschadalus - Kamchatka,
- Gorganus - Central Europe, Caucasus,
- Aliaska - North America,
- Brutannicus Seitz - United Kingdom,
- Centralis - gombe la Caucasian la Nyanja ya Caspian, dera la North Caspian, Chigwa cha Kura,
- Muetingi - Elbrus,
- Syriacus - Syria.
Palinso mitundu ina, komabe, asayansi samazindikira ambiri a iwo, kungoganizira za nyengo zamtundu wofanana ndi anthu osankhidwa. Kudalira kwa mtundu wamapiko pakutentha sikulola ochita ma taxon kubwera pamalingaliro wamba, chifukwa chomwe pamakhala kutsutsana kosatha pamutuwu. Kunja, mawonekedwewo ali ofanana ndi bwato la Corsican loyenda ndi sitima yapamadzi Aleksanor.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Mtundu wa swallowtail ndi wowala komanso wokongola - chikasu kapena beige. Pamwambapa ndi mawonekedwe a mizere yakuda. Kukula kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 10 mwa akazi ndi amuna 8 mwa amuna. Mapiko a mapiko ndi kuyambira masentimita 6 mpaka 10, kutengera masanjidwe ake. M'mphepete zakunja zamapiko pali mawonekedwe a mawanga achikasu owoneka ngati mwezi.
Pa mapiko akumbuyo anakweza michira yosakhala pafupi ndi pamimba. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamilimita 10. M'mphepete mwa mapiko munakonzedwa ndi mawanga amtambo ndi achikaso. Mkati mwa mapikowo muli “maso” ofiira. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chafika mpaka masiku 24.
Kanema: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail
Makatani amaswa kubiriwira ndi mikwaso yakuda pomwe pali madontho ofiira. Kutalika kwa matupi awo pakubadwa kuli pafupifupi mamilimita awiri. Mu gawo la prothoracic, pali fani yooneka ngati foloko yopanga "nyanga" za lalanje.
Chosangalatsa: "Nyanga" zimateteza ku adani achilengedwe. Chitsulo chimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limanyansidwa ndi adani. Mpheta zambiri masana zimapindika. Amadzinyenga ngati ndowe za mbalame kuti zisakope chidwi cha mbalame.
Pupae imatha kukhala imvi kapena yobiriwira. M'badwo wotsiriza nthawi zonse umakhala nyengo yachinyamata. Mkulu amabadwa mchaka, pomwe zipatso zonse zimadutsa. Hafu yoyamba ikumawuma mapiko ndi kuwononga, kenako ndikuwuluka kuzungulira malowo.
Chifukwa chake tidazindikira Kodi gulugufe wam'meza amawoneka bwanji. Tsopano pezani pomwe gulugufe Swallowtail amakhala.
Kodi gulugufe womeza amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail
Mtunduwu umakhala pafupifupi ngodya zonse za Dziko Lapansi. Mutha kukumana ndi tizilombo ku North America, kumwera kwa India, North Africa, kuzilumba za Indian Ocean, ku Asia konse, ku England, njenjete zimangokhala kumayiko a boma la Norfolk komanso kudera lochokera ku Arctic Ocean kupita ku Nyanja Yakuda.
Gulugufe wamtengo wapatali Amatha kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse, nyengo iliyonse ndi yoyenera. Gulugufe adakumana m'mapiri a Tibet pamtunda wa mamita 4,500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kugawidwa kwakukulu koteroko ndipo kunatsogolera mndandanda wambiri wamtunduwu.
Tizilombo timakonda malo otseguka, chifukwa chake timakonda minda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo opondera, minda, tundra m'mizinda yopanda phokoso. Moths amatha kuuluka kutalika kwamtunda wa 2,5 mpaka 4 mita. Kwa nthawi yayitali pachomera chimodzi samakhala, choncho akatswiri azachilengedwe amawatcha agulugufe amphamvu.
Kumpoto kwa mtundu wa zolengedwa zokongola izi zimatha kupezeka nthawi yotentha, kumadera akum'mwera mitunduyo idadzuka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Lepidoptera amakonda kusamukira, koma kukakhala nthawi yozizira kumayiko awo. Makamaka masango akuluakulu amawoneka paminda yofesedwa ndi kaloti, nthangala zonyamula, fennel, ndi katsabola.
Subspecies Orientis amakonda nyengo yakum'mwera, Asiatica amakonda kumpoto, Gorganus adasankha kutentha. Brutannicus amakonda malo achinyezi, pomwe Centralis ndi Rustaveli adasankha malo okwera. Mwambiri, mawonekedwe amasankha madera omwe ali ndi dzuwa ndi mitundu yambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Machaon wamba ndi wa Lepidoptera, wochokera ku banja la Sailing. Zotsatira zake, mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 35. Mapiko a Gulugufe:
- champhongo - 6.6-8 cm,
- chachikazi - 7.5-9.5 cm.
Gulugufe ali ndi mtundu wokongola wowala. Monga tizilombo tonse, imakhala ndi miyendo 6. Utoto wa m'meza nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikasu. Mzere wakuda umathamangira thupi lonse. Pa mapiko akutsogolo pali malo amtundu womwewo.
Pa mapiko a kumbuyo, osayandikira m'mimba chifukwa cha kupindika kwapadera, pamakhala mabala amdima amdima. Malangizo a mapiko ndi ofiira. Gulugufe wobadwa mchaka nthawi zambiri amakhala wowala kuposa chilimwe.
Kodi gulugufe wam'meza amadya chiyani?
Khosalo litangobadwa, kachilombo nthawi yomweyo kamayamba kudya masamba a mbewu yomwe dzira lidayikiramo. Mapira amphaka amadya kwambiri, ndikupanga mphamvu yayitali pakadali pano. Nthawi zambiri, maambulera amakhala chakudya chamtundu wapakatikati, monga:
- Parsley,
- Katsabola,
- Caraway,
- Kaloti (zakutchire kapena wamba),
- Hogweed,
- Butene
- Angelica
- Prangos
- Gorichnik
- Fennel,
- Wodula,
- Selari,
- Thu
- Wodula,
- Girchovnitsa.
Anthu okhala m'malo ena amadya mbewu za banja la rutov - phulusa louma, Amur velvet, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba wamba, maluwa apawiri: chowawa, birch: Alder wamkulu, Japan alder. Pakutha kwa chitukuko chake, chidwi cha mbozi chimachepa ndipo sichimadya.
Akuluakulu amadya timadzi tokoma tating'ono, ngati agulugufe ena ambiri, chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wakuda wakuda. Samadya kwambiri ngati mbozi, choncho samasankha ambulera zokha. Kuti adzipetse chakudya, njenjete zimayendera maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Kwa akuluakulu, chakudya chochuluka sichofunikira, amangofunika dontho la maluwa, ndipo amathetsa ludzu lawo ndi mame am'mawa. Lepidoptera amalandila zinthu zonse zofunika kuzisungitsa tinthu tating'ono kuchokera ku dothi lomwe limakhala ndi mchere, kapena zinthu zosafunikira za nyama zina.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kuthengo, machaon ali ndi adani angapo. Mbalame, nyerere, akangaude sasamala kudya kukongola kosinthika. Kunyumba, tiziromboti alibe adani achilengedwe. Gulugufe amtundu wamiyezi iwiri yapitayi. Madeti enieni oswana amakhudzidwa ndi nyengo.
Mwana wamkazi wamkazi akamira mazira achikasu pansi pa masamba a mbewu. Gulugufe amakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu, tsiku lililonse akuikira mazira awiri awiri kwa njira imodzi. Kuchuluka kwake komwe wamkazi akamadzayikira mazira kwakanthawi kochepa kanthawi kovuta kumakhala kovuta kuwerengetsa, koma mwina osachepera chikwi.
Amphaka amatuluka mazira m'mibadwo iwiri. Iwo omwe abadwa mu Meyi-Juni - oyamba obadwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kugwa koyambirira, ndi a m'badwo wachiwiri.
Ndi m'badwo, mboziyo imasanduka yobiriwira, mikwingwirima yakuda ikawoneka pa thupi, zophatikizika zimasowa, ndipo maluwawo amakhala mawanga a lalanje. Khungubwe limakhomera pamera womwewo momwe limakhalira.
Pupae wa m'badwo woyamba ali ndi mthunzi wowala wa utoto wonyezimira. M'badwo wachiwiri ndi wakuda, ma pupae awo ndi wandiweyani, amatha kuteteza ku chisanu ngakhale chisanu. Zinthu zoterezi zimapangidwa kuti zikhale momwe amapangiramo pupa. Gulugufe wa pupae wa m'badwo woyamba adzawonekera m'masiku 15-20, abale awo ang'onoang'ono amapanga pakatha miyezi yochepa.
Tiyeni tilingalire za njira ya kubala gulugufe wamadzi kunyumba. Kuti kukongola koteraku kuzike mizu ndi kubereka m'nyumba yanu, muyenera:
- aquarium kapena terrarium, pamlingo wa 10 l voliyumu pamabogi asanu aliwonse
- chidebe chaching'ono ndi madzi, pomwe katsabola amapezeka kuti kudyetsa mbozi,
- nthambi yokomera mbozi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail
Ntchito ya gulugufe imadziwonekera masana. Amaphatikizanso maluwa amene amatulutsa masana okha. Akuluakulu amakhala milungu yowerengeka, ndipo atatha kusala (amuna) ndi kuyikira mazira (akazi), njenjete zimafa. Nthawi yachilimwe imayamba mu Meyi mpaka Juni komanso mu Julayi-Ogasiti; mabungwe akumwera akhoza kukumana mu Seputembala.
Machaons ndi zolengedwa zam'manja kwambiri. Ngakhale akamadyetsa timadzi tokoma, sasunga mapiko awo kuti aziuluka nthawi iliyonse. Anthu omwe amakonda kusamukira kwawo amawulukira m'mizinda ndikukakhazikika m'malo opaka, minda, paminda yopanda maluwa.
Kuti mupeze malo abwino kwambiri kukhalapo komanso malo okhala ndi poyambira abwino, njenjete ndiokonzeka kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Anthu ambiri amabweretsa mibadwo iwiri pa moyo, kumpoto kwa mtunduwo - kumwera - mpaka atatu. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi chidwi chobzala ndipo amayesa kupeza mnzawo posachedwa.
Chosangalatsa: Mahatchi amtunduwu ali ndi zida zapakamwa zochititsa chidwi. Amayamba kudya tsamba kuchokera m'mphepete. Atafika kumtunda wapakati, amasamukira kudera lina. Amayamba kulemera msanga. Koma, munthu akangotulutsa thukuta, kukula kumatha. Moth amafunikira mphamvu kokha kuti athe kuthawa komanso kubereka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Momwe mungadyetsere mbozi, zinanenedwa pamwambapa, tsopano mawu ochepa onena za zomwe agulugufe oyimawo amadya. Mwachilengedwe, tizilombo timadyanso timadzi tokoma. Pangani kufanana kwake kwa iye - dulani apulo kapena zipatso zilizonse, makamaka poyambira pang'ono kuvunda, ndi kusiya.
Njira yomwe ili pamwambapa siyothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyesa njira ina. Sungunulani supuni ziwiri za uchi mu chikho cha madzi oyera, oyera. Thirani msuzi wochita kupanga mu mbale kapena soso. Sungani chiweto chanu mosamala ndikuchiyika pambali mbale, kapena m'mphepete mwa msuzi. Tengani phenoscis yake ndi singano yopyapyala ndikuyika mu timadzi tokoma.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Caterpillar Butterfly Swallowtail
Popeza chilengedwe chinatenga ma machaon nthawi yochepa kwambiri kukhalapo, agulugufe obadwa okha nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufunafuna bwenzi. Maanja amapezana wina ndi mnzake kudzera pakupanga ma pheromone, omwe amatulutsa m'chilengedwe.
Pa moyo wake wamfupi, wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 100-200. Nthawi iliyonse, amaikira mazira awiri awiri oyera achikasu pansi pa masamba kapena pamiyeso ya mbewu. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mazira amayamba kuchita khungu ndikusintha mtundu wake kukhala wakuda.
Akazi amayala mwadala dzira limodzi pamasamba osiyanasiyana a mbewu kuti apereke chakudya kwa mbozi zatsopano. Pambuyo masiku 8-10, mphutsi zimaswa, zomwe zoyambirira zimayamba kudya. Pazaka pafupifupi pafupifupi 7, mboziyi imamatirira ndi ulusi wa silika ku tsinde la chomera, molt womaliza umachitika komanso ana.
Ziphuphuzi zimayimilira kwa masabata awiri, zitatha zimakhala gulugufe wamkulu. Mu coco, ziwalo zambiri zamphongo zimawonongeka, kusinthidwa kukhala ziwalo za munthu wamkulu. Njirayi ikufanana ndi chimbudzi cha thupi lanu pachoko.
Masamba a chilimwe amakhala obiriwira kwambiri, pomwe nthawi yozizira amakhala bulauni. Gulugufe adzakhala mu gawo lapaubwana mpaka masiku ofunda oyamba. Chikoko chikagunda, cholengedwa chokongola chimabadwa. Kwa nthawi yayitali njenjete imakhala padzuwa ndipo imawuma mapiko ake, kenako nkupita kukafunafuna chakudya ndi mnzake.
Kuswana
Mid-August ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsa mbozi. Tengani bwino kuposa omwe kukula kwawo sikupita masentimita awiri.
Khungubwe yomwe yagwidwa iyenera kubzalidwa pa katsabola. Pambuyo masiku 15-20, idya zokwanira ndikukonzekera ana. Ndi kukula, mboziyo imasintha mtundu. Osadandaula ndi izi, izi ndi zotsatira zabwinobwino zoyipa.
Pambuyo pa masiku 15 mpaka 20, mboziyo imasiya kudyetsa ndipo imayamba kufunafuna nthambi kuti izitulutsa. Mbozi ikapeza nthambi yomwe imayifuna, imakhala yolumikizidwa kumbali ziwiri. Mothandizidwa ndi izi, amatha mpaka masiku awiri, osungunuka komanso ovuta nthawi zambiri amapezeka usiku. Pupa amatuluka chipolopolo chakugwa. Tsopano muyenera kuchotsa ma chrysalis ndi nthambi isanayambike masika mufiriji.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe machaon amakhala kuthengo komanso momwe angathere kunyumba. Zonsezi pamwambapa, poyang'ana koyamba, zimawoneka zosavuta. Koma, ngati mungaganize zosankha kubereka gulugufe ngati chizolowezi, ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti mumayambira pati, yesani kuswana kwa hawthorn poyambira. Izi sizachilengedwe chokongola, komanso chosafunikira, chomwe sichinganenedwe za machaon.
Adani achilengedwe a gulugufe wam'meza
Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail
Pa magawo onse azamoyo, kachilombo kali pachiwopsezo. Gulugufe wa Swallowtail amatha kukhala chakudya cha arachnids, mbalame, nyerere, nyama zosatetezeka, nyama zazing'ono. Moti a mgodi kapena gawo la ana amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Tizilombo timeneti timatha kupewa kuukira chifukwa cha mtundu wamisala.
Ali aang'ono, mboziyo imawoneka ngati ndowe za mbalame.Pambuyo pa molt wina, mawanga akuda ndi owala a lalanje amawonekera pa thupi. Maonekedwe okongola amalola zilombo kumvetsetsa kuti tizilombo sizabwino kudya anthu. Ngati mboziyo ikuwona kuti ndiyowopsa, imayamba kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa m'minyanga, posonyeza kuti kukoma kwake ndikonyansa.
Pa mapiko akumbuyo pali malo owoneka ngati buluu okhala ndi malire wakuda, wokumbutsa maonekedwe. Mapikowo akatambasulidwa, malo oonerawa amawawopseza olusa omwe akufuna kudya phwando ndi njenjete. Mphamvuyo imakonzedwa ndi njira zowiririka pa nsonga za mapiko, zonga ponytails.
Zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo, njenjete zimawonedwa ngati tizirombo chifukwa cha kudyedwa kwa mbeu zomwe zimamera ndi anthu. Anthu ankapha agulugufe m'njira iliyonse, azichitira minda ndi ziphe ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kwatsika msanga ndipo kukumana ndi mbalameyi kukukhala vuto.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chiwerengero cha omwe akumeza ndi chaching'ono ndipo chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe. Ku Russia, anthu amawona kuti ndi ochepa. Magulu okhala m'malo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa njanji ndi ngalande za malo okhala ndi poizoni amathiridwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kutentha kwa udzu wa m'dzinja, komwe kwachitika ngozi yayikulu, kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Mukawotcha udzu mchaka, unyinji waziphuphu nthawi yozizira pamitengo ya mbewu zimawonongeka. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa manambala kumayambitsidwanso ndi udzu wa chilimwe kutchetcha mumisewu yayikulu.
Gawo la cholakwa limakhala ndi okhometsa omwe akufuna kupeza mitundu yambiri yodziwika yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chawo. Amagwira munthu aliyense payekha, kapena amasinthana ndi okonda gulugufe ena ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana. Koma palibe amene amatenga ziwerengero, komanso data pazochuluka zowonongeka.
Mavuto achilengedwe ndi monga nyengo yozizira, kutentha pang'ono, chisanu choyambirira, chifukwa chomwe munthu alibe nthawi yogwirira, kugwa kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kugonja kwa mphutsi ndi mafangasi ndi majeremusi. Kuchepa kwa ziwerengero kumawonedwa ku Europe. M'mayiko ena, mitunduyi imatetezedwa.
Msungwana wa Gulugufe wa Swallowtail
Chithunzi: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail
Akatswiri azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi akuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa njenjete ndipo akuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse vuto lakutha. Ku Tatarstan, ntchito yomanga nyumba idapangidwa pansi pa dzina la "Machaon Valley". Linapangidwa mwanjira yoti lizitha kusunga malo ndi nyanja yayikulu.
Kuti tiwunikire zavutoli, ku Latvia mu 2013 chithunzi cha kachilombo chidayikidwa pa chida chakumanja kwa dera la Skrudalien. Mu 2006, Machaon adakhala chizindikiro cha Germany. M'mayiko omwe ali pamwambapa, njira zodzitetezera zatengedwa kuti agwire agulugufe akuluakulu ndikuwononga mbozi. Sizoletsedwa kufalitsa tizirombo ndi kudyetsa ziweto m'malo awo.
Anthu okhala padziko lapansi pano akusamalira njenjete kunyumba. pa izi, agulugufe ayenera kuperekedwa ndi aquarium, malita 10 kukula kwa anthu asanu, ndi thanki yamadzi, katsabola ndi nthambi, komwe mbozizo zimasenda poganiza za metamorphoses. Gulugufe amafunika madzi ndi uchi kuti adyetse.
Zinyama zosalimbazi zimatisangalatsa ndi kukongola kwawo, kupulumuka mosavuta, kusintha kosangalatsa. Ena amayesa kugwira njenjete kuti asangalale, osazindikira kuti moyo wake ndiufupi. Ndikwabwino kusangalala ndi kuthengo kwawo, osachepetsa nthawi yochepa yopatsidwa kwa agulugufe kuti akhalepo.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Chifukwa chiyani gulugufe amatchedwa - chachikulu kumeza? Gwero la dzina losangalatsali lili m'dziko lakale la Troy, komwe dokotala wotchuka dzina lake Machaon adakhalako kwanthawi yayitali.
Nthano yake imati ambiri asitikali akuvulala omwe adadzivulaza adabweranso kudziko lotsatira chifukwa chodziwa ndi kuyesetsa kwa dotolo wozizwitsa uyu. Pakulemekeza kwake, gulugufe wokongola adatchulidwa ndi wasayansi wazomera Karl Liney.
Cholengedwa chokongola ichi ndichilengedwe chimadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso mtundu wake wokongola mosadabwitsa. Mapiko a gulugufeyu amafika pa 65 mpaka 95 mm. Utoto wamapiko umayendetsedwa ndi toni yachikasu ofunda.
Poyerekeza ndi chithunzi chachikaso ichi, maonekedwe akuda amawoneka bwino, ambiri omwe ali pafupi ndi thupi la machaon komanso m'manja mwa mapiko. Mapatani ndi mikwingwirima ndi ma foloko. Mapiko a kumbuyo kwake amakongoletsedwa ndi michira, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 10 mm.
Mapiko am'mbuyo omwewo ndi okongoletsedwa ndi malo amtambo wabuluu komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira pafupi ndi pamwamba pa mapikowo ndi maso ofiira kwambiri kuchokera kumbali yake yakunja. Masamba a chilimwe amadziwika ndi mtundu wa paler.
Mu kasupe, ndi wolemera komanso wowala. Mtunduwu umakhudzanso malo okhala agulugufe. Omwe amakhala kum'mwera ali ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino koma osafotokozeredwa bwino zakuda. M'madera okhala kumpoto, mtundu wachikasu pamapiko umakhala wotambalala, koma mawonekedwe akuda pa iwo adafotokozedwa momveka bwino.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Chiwalo chodziwika bwino machaon chimakhala ndi tinyanga tating'ono tawo, tomwe timayambira timabuluti tambiri. Kuchokera kumbali zonse mtunduwu ndi wokongola komanso wopambana. Sizingatheke kusilira osayamika chithunzi cha gulugufe womeza.
Imapereka kukongola ndi matsenga ake onse amatsenga. Mukayang'ana kulengedwa kwachilengedwe kumeneku, mumayamba kumvetsetsa kukongola kwake kwa dziko lapansi. Ena mwa omwe amamuyimira amupangitsa kuti azikhulupirira nthano komanso zozizwitsa. Kungoona izi kumakusangalatsani.
Gulugufe wa Swallowtail amakhala m'magawo ambiri. Mutha kukumana naye ku mayiko onse aku Europe kupatula Ireland. Sinthani kukongola kodabwitsa uku ku North America, North Africa ndi Asia.
A Machaon amakhala kumapeto kumwera, kuphatikizapo madera otentha. Tizilomboti titha kupezekanso ku Tibet pamtunda wa mamita 4 500. Agulugufe amenewa amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'malo otseguka. Amakhala ngati mayonesi a m'mizere, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mapiri, tundra, ndipo nthawi zina zipululu.
Habitat
Gulugufe wa Swallowtail amakhala ku Europe konse kupatula Ireland. Amapezeka ku Asia, North America ndi Africa. Gulugufeyu amatha kuwoneka m'malo otentha, ndipo m'mapiri a Tibet amapezeka m'dera lomwe kutalika kwake ndi pansi pa 4500 metres.
A Machaon amakonda malo otseguka, makamaka, amakhala m'mphepete mwa meadows, mu tundra, steppe, nthawi zina ngakhale ku chipululu. Kumpoto kwa gulugufewa kumachitika kuyambira mu June mpaka Ogasiti, komanso kumwera - kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka Okutobala. Mkulu amakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu.
Machaon amafalikira
Nyengo yamphaka ya gulugufe imayamba mu Meyi. Koma kutengera dera lomwe akukhalamo, nthawi ino imatha kusiyanasiyana - nthawi zina zimachitika mu Julayi, Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Kukhwima kumachitika mu mlengalenga, munthawi yomwe kumatchedwa kuluka.
Zikadzachitika mkatimo, zazikazi zimayikira mazira achikasu atatu nthawi imodzi. Nyengo, iye amatha kubereka mazira 120. Amphaka amapezeka mkati mwa sabata. Zili zokongola kwambiri, zowala. Poyamba, ndimangokhala wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera ndi ofiira. Kenako amasanduka obiriwira, mtundu wowonjezera wa lalanje ndi mikwingwirima yakuda amawoneka. Amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo akangobadwa kumene amayamba kudya masamba.
Kuti muteteze kwa adani, gulugufe wam'meza ali ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa pamutu pake kuti satha kuwoneka ngati mboziyo ili pamalo abata. Koma pangozi, amasintha kukhala malalanje, kufalikira fungo losasangalatsa.
Pambuyo pake, monga agulugufe ena, mbozi zakameza zimasanduka pupae. Kutengera ndi nyengo, amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'chilimwe, amakhala achikasu; amakhala kwamasabata atatu. M'nyengo yozizira amakhala bulauni. Nthawi imeneyi, pupae amakula kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka nyengo yotentha ikayamba, pomwe gulugufe wopangika amatha kuuluka kale osawopa nyengo yozizira ndikudya.
Adani a Gulugufe
Adani akuluakulu a machaon ndi mbalame, akangaude ndi zina zotetezedwa. Komanso agulugufe amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pakusintha kwa munthu wamkulu: mu mawonekedwe a mazira, mbozi ndi pupae. Ambiri amafa chifukwa cha moto wa stepep.
Chiwerengero cha agulugufe awa m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Izi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutchera kwawo kwa zopereka. Ku Ukraine, Germany, Lithuania ndi Latvia, agulugufe awa adalembedwa mu Red Book. Gulugufe wa Swallowtail sakhala wamitundu yambiri ndipo samayambitsa mavuto mu ulimi. Koma izi sizinadziwike kalekale, ndipo m'mbuyomu nkhondo yolimbana nayo idalipo. Ngati asayansi alephera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zokongolazi, ndiye kuti amatha kuzimiririka pa nkhope ya Dziko lapansi.
Khalidwe lazachilengedwe
Machaon akamayamba kugwira ntchito masana, amatha maluwa ambiri. Agulugufe akuluakuluwa amafunika timadzi tokoma tambiri, kotero amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mapaki ndi m'minda.
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Amuna ndi tizilombo touluka. Amasankha malo awo pamalo achitetezo. Komanso, si achilendo kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, atakhala m'mphepete mwa dziwe. Anthu onse amakonda kukhala pamapiri ndi mitengo yayitali. Ambiri a Machaons amalumphira pamtunda ndikuwonetsa kuvina kwawo kwachidziwikire kumayambira pansi.
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Mwachilengedwe, ndizosatheka kupeza Machaon atapumula ndi mapiko onse atatambasulidwa, chifukwa mapiko akumbuyo sawoneka akutsutsana ndi kutsogolo. Swallowtail imatha kufalitsa mapiko kotheratu ndikayatsidwa ndi dzuwa lotentha lowala.
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Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yakuuluka kwa agulugufe amenewa imayamba nyengo yachisanu mpaka yophukira. Munthawi imeneyi, pafupifupi mibadwo itatu ya oimira awa akuwonekera. Ma Machaon ambiri amapereka mibadwo iwiri yokha ya agulugufe. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya moyo wa gulugufe wachikulire sikupita milungu itatu.
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Kubala nyengo
Wamkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 120. Pakumanga mabatani, gulugufe amapachika pamitengoyi kukaikira mazira pambali ya tsinde kapena tsamba la chomera. Gawo la dzira ku Machaons limatha masiku 5, pamapeto pake pamatuluka mphutsi zakuda zokhala ndi mawanga owala. Ndi m'badwo, amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira ndi madontho a lalanje ndi mikwaso yakuda.
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Kutembenuza Swallowtail Caterpillar kukhala Pupa
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Mphutsi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimadya pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha izi, kwenikweni mu sabata amafika 9mm kutalika. Chakudya chodziwika bwino cha mphutsi ndi mazira, maluwa, ndi masamba. Mphutsi imodzi imatha kudya bedi la katsabola. Koma kumayambiriro kwa chrysalis, mphutsi zimaleka kusunga michere yazakudya. Nthawi ya pupal imachitika pazomera za mbewu. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira wachikasu kapena bulawuni. Zimatengera nthawi yamwana. Nthawi yaubwana imatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu mpaka miyezi ingapo. Kuthamanga kwa mawonekedwe a gulugufe kumatengera nyengo.
Kusintha
Gulugufe wam'badwo woyamba komanso anthu okhala kumpoto kwa mtunduwo ali ndi utoto, agulugufe a mibadwo ya chilimwe ndi okulirapo ndipo ali ndi mtundu wowala. Mwakuyerekezera kwam'badwo woyamba, mawonekedwe amdima pamapiko amatchulidwa. Mu zaka zotentha, mawonekedwe a agulugufe ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ndondomeko yakuda yakuda.
Masanjidwe
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kokwanira kwambiri, mitundu yamafotokozedwe mpaka 37.
Kummawa kwa Yuropu, imayimiriridwa ndi mabungwe osankhidwa. Kumwera kwa Siberia kuli ma subspecies machitidwe (Verity, 1911), michira yomwe ili pamapiko a agulugufe ndi yofupikitsa ndipo mtundu wakuda m'mphepete umapangika bwino. M'chigawo cha Amur ndi Primorye - subspecies mangoon (Sheljuzhko, 1910) (= mpikisano wa amurensis Verity, 1911), pomwe m'badwo wamalimwe umadziwika ndi zazikulu kwambiri - mapiko a amuna amakhala mpaka 84 mm, ndipo zazimayi mpaka 94 mm.
Ku Sakhalin, zilumba za Kuril komanso ku Japan ophunzirawo (C. et R. Felder, 1864), - mzere wabuluu pamwamba pa maso a phiko lakumbuyo lili pakati pa awiri akuda. Masanjidwe amurensis - michira yayifupi, m'badwo umodzi pachaka, mtundu wachikaso chopepuka. Imakhala pachidikha chonse cha Amur chapakati komanso chotsika pamlingo wake. Fomu yayikulu ya swallowtail yofotokozedwa koyambirira kwa dera la Ussuri imatchedwa mangoon ndi m'badwo wa chilimwe chabe wa masanjidwe amurensis.
Masanjidwe sachalinensis, poyerekeza ndi ma subspecies am'mbuyomu, imakhala yachikasu chowala bwino ndimtundu wakuda kwambiri. Transbaikal steppes, Central Yakutia imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri: machitidwewokhala kum'mwera kwambiri pamlingo, asaticawamba kumpoto kwa chomaliza. Yofotokozedwa ndi wolemba waku Japan (Matsumura, 1928), masamba awiri a woyimitsa - mandschurica (Manchuria) ndi chishimana Mats. (Fr. Shikotan) sanamveso bwino.
Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yamtundu wake - kamtschadalus (Alpataky, 1869). Ngakhale kuti imakhalabe ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino, imasiyanitsidwa ndi chithunzi chakuda pamapikidwe ndi michira yofupikitsa.
Ku Central Europe, Caucasus kumpoto chakumadzulo, ndi kumwera kwa chigwa cha Russia, malo olembetsedwa ndi ambiri. gorganus (Fruhstorfer), ku UK subspecies britannicus Seitz, mtundu waung'ono ku North America - aliaska Scudder.
Gawo lakummawa kwa Greater Caucasus, steppe ndi theka -chipululu dera la North Caspian, gombe la Caucasian Nyanja ya Caspian, chigwa cha Kura ndi mapiri a Talysh ndi malo chapakati, imalowera ku Iran ndipo kudzera kudutsa Elburs ikupita ku Kopetdag. Masamba amafotokozedwa kuchokera ku Elburz muetingi Seyer, 1976, kuchokera kumalire akumwera a Kopetdag - mangochin Seyer, 1976.
Asia Little subspecies Syriacus (malo wamba: Syria). Munthu wokhala m'mapiri apakati komanso ataliatali kudera lonse la Caucasus ndi malo ochezera rustaveli.
Komabe, azachuma ambiri samazindikira "subspecies" ya Machaon, motero Kopetdag mangochin Seyer, 1976 ndi mtundu wawung'ono chabe wa kasupe, wofanana kwambiri ndi anthu osankhidwa, m'chilimwe anthu wamba amawuluka m'malo amodzi chapakati. Zotsirizirazi nthawi zambiri zimangowona ngati mawonekedwe amtunda wotentha.
Dera
Kuwona kwadera lonse la Holarctic. Imapezeka paliponse ku Europe (kulibe ku Ireland kokha, ndipo ku England kumangokhala dera la Norfolk) kuchokera kunyanja za ku Arctic Ocean kupita kugombe la Black Sea ndi Caucasus. Imapezeka ku Asia (kuphatikizanso malo otentha), North Africa ndi North America. M'mapiri a ku Europe amakwera pamtunda wa 2000 m pamwamba pa nyanja (Alps), ku Asia - mpaka 4500 m (Tibet).
Habitat
Amakhala m'mabotolo otentha bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo okhala ndi chinyezi chomwe zimamera zipatso. Imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tundra kumpoto. Munkhalango yamtchire - mumakonda masamba osiyanasiyana, m'mphepete, m'mphepete mwa msewu, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu agrocenoses. Dera lotsetsereka la Caspian (dera la Astrakhan ndi Kalmykia ku Russia, ku Azerbaijan) limapezekanso m'madambo opanda ziphuphu komanso mapiri owuma. Anthu osakwatiwa omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wosamukira amatha kuuluka kupita kumizinda yayikulu.
Zomera zam'madzi
Pakati msewu, maambulela osiyanasiyana, makamaka, hogweed (Heraclium), karoti (Daucus) - zonse zakutchire komanso zofala,Anethum), parsley (Petroselinum), angelicaAngelica), butene (Chaerophyllum), gorinik (Peenedanum), prangos (Prangos), fennel (Foeniculum), wodula (Libanotis), gircha (Selinum), gyrnovitsa (Thyselium), Selari (Apiamu), nthanga zonyamula (Carum), ntchafu (Pimpinella), wodula (Falcaria) M'madera ena, pali oimira mizu: phulusa lotentha (Dictamnus dasycarpus), Amur velvet (Phellodendron amurensis), mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasambaHaplophillum), Asteraceae: chowawaArtemisia) (kumapiri ndi zipululu za Central Asia), birch: alder Maksimovich (Alnus maximowiczii), Alder achi Japan (A. japonica) (zomaliza ku South Kuril Islands).
Zidziwitso Zachitetezo
Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine (1994), ku Russia - mu Red Book of the Moscow Region (1998) - gulu la 3, Gulu la Smolensk - 2 gulu, Vologda Region (2006) - gulu la 3, Latvia (1998) - 2 gulu, Lithuania - 3 gulu, Germany - gulu 4, Karelia - gulu 3, Pamayendedwe oyambawa, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha moto (makamaka zisa), kutchetcha kosalekeza, kudyetsa msipu kwambiri, kupondaponda mwamphamvu ma mayunda.