Dzina lachi Latin: | Acanthis cannabina |
Gulu: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Kutsiriza |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mpheta. Kutalika kwa thupi 13-16 masentimita, mapiko 23 2326 masentimita, kulemera kwa 14- 20 g. Mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo, ndi foloko, mulomo ndi wamfupi, nyanga yakuda mumtundu. Palibe mitundu yobiriwira ndi chikaso pamtundu wa manambala. Ndege imathamanga, yopanda chidwi. Kuuluka mtunda wautali kumatha kutalika kwambiri. Pansi amasunthira m'madontho ang'onoang'ono. Sungani chakudya (mbewu) kuchokera pansi kapena poko kuchokera ku inflorescence, ndikukhala pansi pazomera.
Kufotokozera. Wamphongo yemwe wavala zovala zakukhwima amakhala ndi mgoza wowala kumbuyo, imvi, dera lumbar, kuwala, koyera. M'mimba ndi chovala chamkati ndizoyera. Khosi loyera lokhala ndi mitsitsi yoyera. Mtundu wa bere mwa amuna umasiyana: umakonda kukhala wa pinki kapena wofiyira, ndipo nthawi zina umakhala wofiyira. Pali malo ofiira pang'ono pamphumi. Mbali zam'mimba ndi zokutira zofiirira. Mizere yoyera imadziwika pa nthenga za mapiko ndi mchira. Wamphongo amakhala ndi timabowo tofiirira pachifuwa chake nthawi yophukira, kamvekedwe kofiira kamakhala kosawoneka, chovala cha chestnut chimasiyana ndi chipewa chofewa cha imvi. Yaikazi imakhala yofiyira kwambiri ndipo ilibe maonekedwe ofiira. Kumbuyo, pachifuwa ndi m'mphepete, mitsinje yopyapyala yayitali. Mlomo wamwamuna ndi wamtambo wonyezimira m'chilimwe, chachikazi chimakhala chopepuka, nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu mulomo wake ndi wonyezimira, kuvomerezeka ndi chikasu, miyendo ndi yofiirira, iris ndi ya bulauni.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timavala mosiyanasiyana timasiyana ndi timkazi tambiri tambiri tambiri, maonekedwe owoneka bwino am'mutu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono mbali yakumtunda komanso kutsika kwa thupi, komanso mulomo wopepuka. Mu nthenga zatsopano za nyengo yophukira, anyamata ndi achikulire omwe amakhala amuna ndi akazi onse amawoneka ofanana kwambiri chifukwa cha malire amitunda yonse yazithunzithunzi, masitima obisika. Mtundu wachikazi umakhala wosiyanasiyana ndi mphodza wachikazi mumalo owonda kwambiri, komanso kupezeka kwa malire oyang'ana kumaso pa nthenga zoyambirira ndi nthenga za mchira.
Voterani. Nyimboyi ndiyosangalatsa, amasinthasintha, ndipo amaliza mokuwa ndi nyimbo zaphokoso, kuyimba - nyimbo yabwino "tv", Melodic"tululu"Ndipo yambitsa"tk-tk-tk».
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Ku Eurasia, komwe kumagawidwa kuchokera ku Britain Isles, gombe la Atlantic ndi kum'mwera kwa Scandinavia kupita kuchigwa cha Yenisei, komanso kumapiri ndi kumapeto kwa North Africa, Asia Little, Crimea, Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, Kazakhstan ndi Altai. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala ku Canary Islands ndi Madeira. Mitundu yachilendo yosamukira kumadera a kumpoto ndi pakati pa Europe Russia, nthawi zina nyengo yotentha imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Kukhazikika ku Ciscaucasia. Chofunikira chachikulu chamtunduwu kuti chizikhalamo ndi kukhalapo kwa malo ndi zitsamba zotseguka. Imatha kukhazikika pamtunda wonyowa, pamalo owuma, pamapiri a mapiri, m'malo azikhalidwe.
Moyo. Amakhala m'minda, m'minda yamasamba, zitsamba, m'mphepete mwa minda, m'malo otetezeka m'mphepete mwa njanji ndi misewu yayikulu. Chisa ndichotsika, 0.5-2.5 m kuchokera pansi, m'ma tchire, pamphepo kapena pamipanda yamiyala, nthawi zina pamitengo. Ichi ndi mbale yaying'ono koma yolimba, yopanga udzu, mizu, timitengo, nthawi zina yosakanikirana ndi moss, lichens ndi cobwebs. Thirayi imakhala ndi udzu wocheperapo, udzu kapena ubweya. Mu clutch pali mazira 4-7 okhala ndi zoyera ngati buluu, amtundu wobiriwira, womwe umatha kukhala wopanda mtundu uliwonse kapena wokhala ndi zidutswa zofiirira kapena zofiirira zamtundu osiyanasiyana komanso zokuyimira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamphepete. Kuphatikiza apo, mawanga ofiira ofiira, mizere yakuda ndi ma curls amapangidwa. Mwana wankhuku amakutidwa ndi thonje lakutali komanso lakuda.
Nkhuku zimadyetsa ndikudyetsa njere za udzu, mocheperachepera, ma invertebrates. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuyendayenda m'tchire kumapiri, kudya pansi ndi udzu wamtali, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi greenfinches ndi carduelis.
Kutanthauzira Carduelis cannabina ndi linaria cannabina
Gawo lonse la Belarus
Zomaliza kubanja - Fringillidae.
Ku Belarus - C. c. cannabina.
Kuswana wamba, kusamuka kosamukira, nthawi zina nthawi yozizira. Mu zaka zosiyana, m'malo omwewo zimatha kukhazikika kwambiri, kapena, m'malo mwake, ndizosowa.
Wamng'ono kuposa mpheta, yodziwika ndi dimorphism yachiwerewere. Wamphongo wachikulire amakhala ndi mutu wa imvi, pamphumi ndi chifuwa ndi wofiyira, kumbuyo ndi kuphimba kuphiko kumakhala kofiirira, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi imvi. Bill ndi imvi, miyendo ndi imvi. Zowoneka zazikazi komanso mbalame zazing'ono sizosiyana, zofiirira, zopanda utoto wofiira. Kumbuyo ndi chifuwa, mafunde akali mbuu. Kulemera kwa yamphongo ndi 14-23 g, wamkazi ndi 15-21 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse) ndi 12-14 cm, mapiko ndi 21-25.5 masentimita. Kutalika kwa mapiko a amuna ni 7.5-9 cm, mchira ni 5.5-6 cm , tarsus 1.4-22.2 masentimita, mulomo wa 0,9-1 cm. Kutalika kwa akazi 7.7-8 cm, mchira 5-6.5 masentimita, tarsus 1.4-1.9 cm, mulomo 0, 9-1 cm.
Mbalameyi imawonedwa nthawi zambiri itakhala pamawaya kapena pamtunda pamtchire ndi pamitengo yotsika. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, amuna nthawi zambiri amayimba. Nyimboyi ndi yachete, koma m'malo mwake, imakhala ndi nyimbo zingapo komanso nyimbo zomata.
Zokongoletsera zimatseguka malo ndi zitsamba zotsika. Nkhalango zolimba zimapewa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo osungira. Pamakhala chikhalidwe ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Imakhala chomera m'minda, m'mapaki, m'manda, m'manda momwe muli minda, malo otetezedwa ndi chipale chofewa m'misewu yayitali ndi njanji, m'malo otetezeka, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, madera oyandikira, pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, makamaka m'midzi ndi matauni.
Akufika mchaka cha 2 cha Marichi - gawo 1 la Epulo.
Mu gawo loyambirira la Epulo amalumikizana nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ochezera, amuna amayimba mwachangu. Mu nesting nthawi, nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri m'magulu onse mumakhala zitsamba pakati paminda kapena m'mphepete mwa mayendedwe. Monga lamulo, zisa zimakonzedwa mumitengo yolimba komanso zitsamba, pa mitengo yaying'ono ya Khrisimasi, mitengo yamipini, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, komanso mawonekedwe a mbewu zokongoletsera (mphesa zamtchire, lilacs, vesicles, etc.), kawirikawiri pamtunda wotsika wa mitengo yazipatso (apulo, peyala, chitumbuwa ndi ena.). M'mawonekedwe achikhalidwe, nthawi zina chimakhala m'malo osadziwika - mu nkhuni zamoto, pansi pamadenga a nyumba zosachepera, m'matumba a njerwa ndi zishango zamatanda kuti posungira chipale chofewa. Chisa chimamangidwa pamtunda wa 0.6-3 m (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 1.5 m).
Chidacho ndi chopanda, cholimba, koma chosapangidwa ndi kapu yowoneka ngati yopindika, chopota kuchokera ku nthangala za tirigu (pamalo anthropic), heather stems, forbs (m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mabowo), i.e kuchokera kuzinthu zomanga zolimba zosakanizika ndi mizu yopyapyala, moss. Thirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chingwe chobulungira chomera, ubweya, nthenga, tsitsi lahatchi, mizu yopyapyala, thonje ndi ulusi (nthawi zina chimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha). Kutalika kwa chisa ndi 5.5-12 cm, mainchesi ndi 10,5-13 cm, kuya kwa thireyi ndi 3-5 cm, mainchesi ndi 7-8 cm. Kapangidwe ka chisa kumatenga masiku 5-7.
Mukakhala ndi mazira ochepa a 4-7 (nthawi zambiri 5-6) amtundu wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wabuluu wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, mawonekedwe ofiira, ndi ma curls, nthawi zina amapanga corolla kumapeto. Kukula kwa dzira 1.7 g, kutalika 17-20 mm, mainchesi 12-15 mm.
Nthawi yochezerayo imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Zovala zatsopano zimapezeka kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi (zaka zingapo kuchokera kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu cha Epulo) mpaka zaka khumi zapitazi za Julayi ndipo, kupatula mu Ogasiti. Pali ana awiri mchaka. Pankhani ya kufa masonry, imabwerezedwa. Imagwira masiku a 12-14 (malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, 10-12), makamaka chachikazi.
Ma ntchofu amachoka pachisa pa tsiku la 12 la moyo. Onse asananyamuke chisa, ndipo kupitirira sabata limodzi atachoka, makolo onsewa amadyetsa anapiyewo, kuwapukusa mkamwa mwawo ndi chakudya chomwe chimabweretsa m'matumba amtundu umodzi. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, a Linnet samawonetsa nkhawa pangozi yaku chisa. Samayesa kuteteza ana, koma kubisala.
Zoyambira zazikazi zoyambira yoyamba kuphatikizidwa zimayikidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikusamukira kumalo odyetserako. Achinyamata atachoka, kuzungulira kwachiwiri kumakhalanso komwe kumangosunga magulu ochepa.
Chakudya cha Hemp chimasakanizidwa: amadyetsa anapiyewo ndi tizilombo, mbozi, akangaude, pomwe mbalame zachikulire zimadya kwambiri nthangala zamtchire komanso zolimidwa. M'mbuyomu, popanga luso la hemp m'minda ndi zigawo za anthu wamba, mbalame zimakonda kudya zipatso zake panthawi yakucha.
Kunyamuka kumachitika mu Seputembala - Okutobala. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimadutsa m'minda, komwe zimayima kwakanthawi kochepa malo odyetserako. Fedyushin ndi Dolbyk (1967) akuwonetsa kuti mbalame zimayenda m'magulu omwazikana, zimatsata nkhondo. Kuyambira mu Okutobala, zovala za linnet sizinakhalepo kawirikawiri m'dziko lathu, koma ena a iwo amakhalabe nyengo yozizira yotentha kwambiri. Kwa zaka 40 zapitazi, mitengo ya hemp yozizira idawonedwa kumwera-kumadzulo kwa Belarus pafupifupi chaka chilichonse ku Brest ndi madera ake, m'makomo a chilimwe, komanso m'magawo osiyanasiyana a Brest.
Kuchuluka kwa Belarus kumawerengeka pafupifupi awiri ndi 100,000-180,000; kuchulukitsa ndikokhazikika kapena kusinthasintha pang'ono.
Akuluakulu omwe adalembetsedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 9 miyezi 5.
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2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Mbalame za ku Belarus: Buku Lotsogolera la Nied ndi Mazira" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I V. "Zachilengedwe zam'madzi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Mbalame za ku Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) Mndandanda wazaka zazitali za mbalame zaku Europe.