Chitseko chachifumu
Gulu la asayansi

Chitseko chachifumu, kapena chotupa cha mpira, kapena mpira wa chithon (lat. Python regius) - njoka yapoizoni yochokera ku genthons yeniyeni, yodziwika bwino ku Africa.

Mawonekedwe

Imodzi mwapangira kakang'ono kwambiri, imatalika kutalika kwa 1.2-1.5 m. Thupi ndilolimba, lamphamvu ndi mchira wamfupi. Mutu waukulu, wotakata umakonzedwa bwino kuchokera m'khosi. Mapangidwewo pathupi amakhala osinthika mtundu wa bulawuni komanso bulawuni wakuda kapena mawanga akuda ndi malo, m'malo ena olekanitsidwa ndi malire owala. Mimba imakhala yoyera kapena kirimu wowoneka bwino, nthawi zina imakhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono amdima.

Moyo

Amakhala m'nkhalango zowerengeka komanso malo obisika. Nthawi zambiri nyama yamadzulo. Amakhala patsikulo m'misasa (m'maenje, m'maenje, masamba adagwa), ndipo amapita kukasaka usiku kapena madzulo. Kusambira bwino komanso mofunitsitsa kumalowa m'madzi. Amatha kukwera mitengo. Pakachitika ngozi, imasandulika mpira wolimba, kubisala mutu wake mkati mwa mphete za thupi. Kwa mawonekedwe apamwamba awa a phwando lachifumu nthawi zina amatchedwa "mpira wa python", kapena "mpira wa python" (English Ball Python).

Kuswana

Amuna ndi akazi achimuna onse amakhala ndi zibwano (zoyenda mbali zakumanzere) kumbali zonse za chitseko, koma mwa amuna malezala awa ndi akulu. Akazi, monga lamulo, ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Kukwatirana kumachitika mu Juni - Novembala. Mimba imatenga masiku 120-140, pambuyo pake mayiyo imayambira 3 mpaka 11 (nthawi zambiri 4-6) mazira 75-80x55-60 mm kukula. Yaikazi imapinda kuzungulira kuzungulira ndikumayilowetsa kwa masiku 68-90. Mukamagwedezeka, ma chithala achinyamata amatha kukhala ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 43 ndi unyinji wa 46-47 g.

Zina zambiri

Masiku ano, njoka yachifumu yokonda ziweto zosowa ndi imodzi mwa njoka zodziwika bwino. Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, njoka zamtunduwu zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Africa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ma savannas ndi nkhalango zotseguka pafupi ndi madzi, pomwe njoka zimathawa chifukwa cha kutentha, komabe zimatha nthawi yawo yambiri kumayala. Piramidi yachifumu imagwira ntchito madzulo komanso usiku, ndipomwe imakonda mbalame, abuluzi, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono.

Ali mu ukapolo ndi chisamaliro chabwino, ma pythons achifumu amakhala omasuka, osankhika. Amatha kuluma, koma ndizachilendo kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, popeza njira yotetezayi imangoyambika mwadzidzidzi, yomwe imakonda kupindika ndi mpira wolimba - mpira, womwe dzina lachifumu limatchulidwanso kuti "mpira phthon".

Chiyembekezo cha moyo: kuthengo - zaka 10, kunyumba amakhala zaka pafupifupi 30 mpaka 40.

Kutha msinkhu - ali ndi zaka 3-5.

Kufotokozera

Phiri lachifumu limakhala ndi minofu yolimba, m'mimba mwake ndi 10 mpaka 15 cm, pamutu pamalopo pali mawonekedwe akuluakulu, pali mikwingwirima yamaso, pakati pawo pali chingwe chachikaso. Utoto umayang'aniridwa ndi wakuda, beige ndi chikasu, mikwingwirima ikhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana, kupita kumbali. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wowala kwambiri, mitunduyi ya ma pythons idatchedwa dzina - lachifumu.

Monga njoka zambiri, chimbudzi chachifumu chili ndi lilime lalitali, lokakamira. Zachikazi zimasiyana ndi zazimuna kukula, zimakhala zazitali - kuchokera pa 1.2 mpaka 1.8 m, ndipo amuna - 1 mita. Pythons amakula msanga, pazaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo amakula 30 cm pachaka.

Khosi lachifumu ndi amodzi mwa iwo omwe ndiosavuta kuwasamalira, kuwasamalira sikungakhale kovuta kwa inu. Amafunikira kapu yayikulu kapena pulasitiki yopanda pulasitiki, ali aang'ono kwambiri (mpaka atakula mpaka 90cm) atha kusungidwa kumalo okwanira 35, kenako, akadzakula, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera malo omwe amakhala. Madera ozungulira a "nyumba" yawo akuyenera kupitilira kutalika kwa osachepera kawiri, ndiye pomwe adapota.

Chofunikira pakusungitsa njoka iyi kunyumba ndikutchinga pamalopo, chifukwa simukufuna kuti chiweto chanu chiziyenda mchipindacho. Kuphatikiza apo, chivundikirocho chimayenera kukhala ndi malo otseguka mpweya wabwino. Pabedi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matawulo a pepala, nyuzipepala, gawo lalingaliro, koma matope a nkhuni sangafanane ndi inu chifukwa chaichi.

Popeza chilengedwe ndichilengedwe chachifumu chimakonda kubisala, koma ngakhale muukapolo ndikofunikira kuti zimupangire malo obisika. Kutentha kwakukulu pamiyoyo ya chithokomiro ndi 25-29 ° C masana komanso usiku - 20-23 ° C. Makatani otenthetsera angagwiritsidwe ntchito pootentha. Kuti musambe chiweto, muyenera kupanga dziwe laling'ono m'nyumba mwake, onetsetsani kuti madzi ake amakhala oyera nthawi zonse.

Kudyetsa

Mphindi yapadera yosamalidwa ndi ma pythons achifumu ndi chakudya. Amatha kudyetsedwa ndi mbewa zouma, makoswe, nkhuku, nyama zokhala ndi chinyama, zitha kudyetsedwa, pokhapokha atakhala kuti anangodzidzimutsidwa kuti apewe kuvulala. Kuchulukitsa kudyetsa kumatengera zaka komanso kukula kwa chimbudzi. Kwa achinyamata - kamodzi masiku asanu, kwa akulu kamodzi kokha m'masiku 10 ndikokwanira. Ndipo musaiwale za zowonjezera mavitamini kuti chiweto chanu chilandire zinthu zonse zofunika kuti mukhale ndi thanzi.

Kodi ngale yachifumu imadya chiyani?

Poyamba, chithokomiro changa nthawi yomweyo chidayamba kukana chakudya, ngakhale atapatsidwa zingwe zochuluka motani. Adakhala masana tsiku lonse, ndikuyika m'manda, ndipo usiku adasilira ndikuzungulira nyumba yake. Popeza nyamayi siusiku, ndidanenanso kuti ndibwino kuzidyetsa mumdima, chifukwa kuti mudziwe malo omwe nyama zimadyera mumdima wamdima, kuphatikiza lilime - gawo lophikira - regius python ili ndi maenje otenthedwa pamilomo yake yapamwamba.

Ndinkalakalaka chiweto changa chitasaka bwino, chifukwa ndi omwe ali ndi chimpando chachifumu, ndasiya khoswe ku malo ogulitsa usiku, koma chifukwa chake kusaka kunadzakhala kwa chiono. Chopondacho chidamkuluma kwambiri kotero kuti thupi lonse losauka linali ngati chinkhupule, ndipo njokayo idangopulumutsidwa pobisala kwa munthu wankhanzayo pansi pamadzi.

Nditaphunzira mosamala zolemba zapadera, ndidazindikira kuti mwachilengedwe chithokomiro chachifumu nthawi zambiri sichidya kwa miyezi 7-8. Kudziletsa kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yobereketsa komanso kuzimiririka kwakanthawi kwa zakudya. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe ndikadatha kufotokozera chifukwa kusala kwazinyama zanga ndikuzisintha poyesa kudyetsa mpaka kumapeto.

Sindikadakhazikitsidwa kuti nditeteze izi: mawanga amtundu wakuda adawoneka pazishango za njoka zam'mimba, mamba omwe anali opunduka kwambiri. Poyerekeza zizindikiritso ndi mauthengawo, ndinazindikira kuti ichi ndi mycosis - matenda a fungus omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza njoka.

Chithunzi cha python chimadya mbewa

Malinga ndi malangizowo, ndinayamba kulimbana ndi matendawa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala a fungicidal, koma chodabwitsa ndichakuti palibe chomwe chidathandiza. Njoka itasungunuka, zizindikilo zonse za mycosis zimasowa, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi zidawonekeranso. Ndidatembenuza upangiri kwa katswiri wodziwitsa njoka, mutha kuuza woyambitsa wa Nizhny Novgorod, Oleg Rasskazenkov. Atasanthulira njokayo, adanenanso kuti izi sizinali mycosis, koma mkwiyo wamba, ndikuwalimbikitsa kusintha gawo lapansi kukhala pepala.

Kutsatira upangiri wake, ndidapulumutsa posachedwa kunyumba yachifumu kuzunzidwe, ndipo inenso ndekha ndisadandaula. Ndikupezeka kuti sphagnum imatenga zonyowa za nyamayo bwino komanso imakankhira kununkhira, koma siyimasintha maonekedwe ake, kotero, poyeretsa, sindinayikidwe m'malo onsewo, koma gawo lokha lomwe linali loipitsidwa komanso uric acid wolimba limatulutsa zishango zam'mimba.

Pankhondo iyi yolimbana ndi "mycoses" sindinazindikire momwe masika adachokera - ndiye nthawi yoyesera kudyetsa.

Kuthamangitsa mbewa ku terarium, ndidawona kuti phula anali nayo chidwi, koma china chake chinali kulepheretsa kusaka. Apanso, nditaphunzira mabuku omwe ndili nawo, ndidatchulanso zomwe zalembedwazo - "kusaka munthu wobisalira." Nditaganiza zowunika izi, ndinayika bokosi la plywood la 20x20x20 masentimita ndi bowo laling'ono pakatikati pa terarium ndipo tsiku lotsatira ndinapeza chisangalalo chachikulu komanso chisangalalo, popeza wadi wanga wodwala amadya mbewa zisanu ndi imodzi motsatana. Kunyada chifukwa chakuti ndinakwanitsa, ndinapeza njira yophulika "nyama" yovuta ngati imeneyi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ubale wathu wayenda bwino.

Tsopano ndikufuna ndibwererenso ku ntchito yodyetsa njoka ndikuwona zina. Khosi la python limayamba kusaka usiku. Atatulutsa mutu wake ndi khosi kutuluka m'khola, amasankha kwakanthawi ndikuyamba kuchita, kenako kumayang'ana ngati kuponya mphezi mwamphamvu (nthawi zonse amatenga mutu wake, womwe umapatula mwayi woti makoswewo asinthe), kenako pakubwera thupi lamphamvu lomwe bwaloli limalira ndikumangirira womuzunzayo.

Kukoka kusowa m'manja mwa nyama yamphongo, wosaka mwamsangayo amatenga pogona pake pang'onopang'ono, mwaulemu, ndikuwameza, ngati kuti anakula bwino osagwirizana ndipo salola kudya “pagulu”.

Kuyambira pamenepo, ndinayamba kumva ngati wogwira ntchito ku terarium, yomwe imatchedwa "wodwala kumutu." Nyumba yanga yadzaza ndi malo owotchera zinthu kuposa mipando. Pazaka zambiri, ndinadutsa ndi chidwi ndi njoka zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku boas achifumu kupita ku wallropeltis wokongola. Mpaka lero, njoka zosowa kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri zimakhala m'malo anga ochulukirapo kuposa chimbira chachifumu, koma lingaliro lokabereka ndendende ndi zigawo za zigawo zomwe ndidakumbukira zaka zitatu zokha zapitazo. Tsopano ndikula awiriawiri monga opanga amtsogolo.

Amakhala mosiyana (ikasungidwa pamodzi, amfumu awa amakhala amanyazi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakana kudya) m'magawo 60x60x70 cm. Ndimasunga kutentha ndi nyali ya incandescent komanso chophimba chakutentha: masana 29-34 ° C, usiku 24-27 ° C, chinyontho chokwanira cha njoka - 80%.

Nthambi zokwera ndi chipinda chinyezi (ndiyinso nyumba) zimafunikira, komanso nyali zowunikira (Ine, mwachitsanzo, ndidzagwiritsira ntchito kuwala Repti Glo -2).

Chithunzi cha Royal Python python radar pit

Ndimagwiritsa ntchito pepala ngati gawo lapansi. Ndimasintha madzi m'mbale yopunthira msuzi katatu pa sabata. Ndimadyetsa munthu wamkazi wamwamuna komanso wamwamuna wazaka zitatu kamodzi masiku khumi ndi asanu, komanso banja wazaka chimodzi - kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo sindisiya chakudya usiku.

Zomwe ndakhala ndikuwona kwa nthawi yayitali zawulula chinthu chosangalatsa - anthu omwe amabwera mnyumba nthawi yoyamba, akawona njoka, akangaude ambiri ndi nyama zina, amakumana ndi zomwe amachita. Mwachitsanzo, akangaude ambiri a tarantulas amayambitsa mantha, njoka nthawi zambiri zimanyansidwa, koma ma pythons achifumu amadzuka ndi mtima wachifundo, uwu ndi malingaliro okhawo mu chopereka changa chomwe anthu ambiri amafuna kunyamula kapena kugunda kawirikawiri. Pali china chake chosangalatsa, cholankhula ndipo ndimati, "osati njoka" mmenemo.

Chitseko chachifumu ngakhale mwamantha, imachita zinthu mwanjira yapadera: siyesera kuluma kapena kuwuluka mwachangu, m'malo mwake, imakhalabe m'malo mwake ndikusandulika mpira wolimba (chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri - spherical python), imabisa mutu wake pakati pake, ngati kuti ndikuchita manyazi, yemwe amamuwopsa.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Ku West Africa, ku Benin, kuli temple ya python momwe anthu achifumu amakhala moyo wawo waulere, ngakhale kuti mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu imakhala m'malo amenewo. Anthu am'deralo amalemekeza kwambiri ma python awo ndipo, malinga ndi mwambo wakale, amapereka nsembe mu temple ya python zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse, ndikupha ng'ombe. Ndipo, ngati mkango ndi mfumu ya nyama zonse, ndiye kuti phula lachifumu loyang'ana ndi mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe aulemu polumikizana ndi ulemu wapamwamba pakusaka ndi kudya, atha kukhala mfumu padziko lapansi la nyama zapambuyo.

I. Lesin, Nizhny Novgorod

Journal Aquarium 2009 №3

Zambiri pamutuwu:

Ndemanga pa nkhaniyi:

Ndemanga zowonjezera ndi:Ilya
Tsiku: 2018-06-06

Ndili ndi chithira chachifumu, choyera chokha. Ndidachita kugula kuchokera kwa amodzi mwa obereketsa ku St.