Mwa nyama zonse zomwe zimadya nyama zapadziko lapansi, nyalugwe imakhala yachiwiri pachikondwerero. Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya chilombochi pa Dziko Lapansi, ndipo chodziwika bwino - Bengal. Imakhalanso yayikulu kwambiri: Mbiriyi ndi ya nyama yokhala ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu 388.7. Akambalawa amakhala ku Pakistan, Eastern Iran, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar ndi Bangladesh.
Kodi nthenga za ku Bengal zimawoneka bwanji?
Mtundu wa akambukuwo umasiyana ndi chikasu mpaka ubweya wa lalanje wowoneka bwino, ndipo mikwingwirima yochokera ku bulauni mpaka yakuda, m'mimba mwayera. Kusintha kwa masanjidwe am'madzi a Bengal - kambuku yoyera, ili ndi mikwaso yakuda kapena yofiirira pakhungu loyera. Zocheperako ndizimiyendo zoyera konse, popanda mikwingwirima.
Utali wathunthu wamthupi, kuphatikiza mchira, pakati pa amuna nthawi zambiri umachokera pa 270 mpaka 340 cm, pomwe zachikazi umachokera pa 240 mpaka 290 cm. Kutalika kwa kufota kumachokera ku 90 mpaka 115 cm.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 250 kg. Kulembetsa kwa wamwamuna yemwe adaphedwa kumpoto kwa India mu 1967 kunali 388.7 kg. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa akazi ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 150.
Nthawi zambiri, nyalugwe imakhala ndi magulu pafupifupi zana, ndipo malo ake ndi apadera, monga momwe ziliri ndi zala za zala. Khungu la kambuku limakulungidwanso - ngati ubweya udasokonekera kapena kumetedwa, umakhazikika monga momwe zimakhalira.
Osaka
Akambuku a Bengal alidi nkhwangwa zamphamvu kwambiri kuthengo. Kubangula kwake, komwe kumamveka makilomita atatu, kumapangitsa anthu onse okhala m'nkhalango kuthawa. Kupatula apo, amagwiritsa ntchito pa antelope, agwape, nkhumba zamtchire, samanyoza zoyipa, ndipo amabweretsa mantha kwa nyani. Mwiniwake wa masentimita khumi - wamtali kwambiri pakati pa feline - canines nthawi zina amamenya njovu zazing'ono. Kuyesayesa kubisala tiana mumtsinje sikupambana. Zidyamakanda zimakonda kusambira komanso kudziwa kusambira, motero zimapezerera anthu omwe zimawavuta m'madzi. Akakhuta, amapuma ndipo mwina sangadye kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pofunafuna nyama, nyalugwe umatha kuthana ndi malo otseguka, umakakamiza mitsinje ndikuyenda m'matenje. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuyimitsa "galimoto yankhondo" yotere.
Akambuku aang'ono osadziwa zambiri nthawi zina amagwirira khungu, komwe amalandila "ngati sing'ono" singano zokulira, zazitali komanso zazitali zomwe zimaboola nkhope zawo. Ma singano amalowa pansi pakhungu, ndikupangitsa kupweteka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina kumabweretsa kutupa. Wodwala sangathenso kusaka nyama yayikulu ndipo amayesa kusankha omwe ali m'mavuto ... ndipo nthawi zina, mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa cha njala, amakhala munthu wamisala.
Adalemba Buku Lofiyira
Masiku ano padziko lonse lapansi pali akambuku pafupifupi 2,500. Chilombo ichi ndi chizindikiro cha mayiko a mayiko awiri - Bangladesh ndi India. Adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, komabe akupitirizabe kuvutika ndi ozizira. Ndipo chifukwa chake, mmbuyo mu 1972, ntchito ya Tiger idakhazikitsidwa ku India, cholinga chake ndikusunga nyama zoopsa komanso zokongola mdzikolo.
M'mapaki ena osangalatsa, akambuku a ku Bengal amatha kusilira. Apa, osachepera, olosera sakuwawopseza.
Kufotokozera kwa Tiger Tiger
Chowoneka mosiyanitsa ndi kambuku wa Bengal ndi mtundu womwe ungabwezeredwe, zibwano zakuthwa komanso zazitali kwambiri, komanso mchira wodziwika bwino komanso nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri. Mwa zina, nyama yomwe imadya imakhala ndi makutu komanso kumva, kotero nyama izi zimatha kuwona bwino ngakhale mumdima wathunthu. Kudumpha kwa mphaka wamkulu ndi 8-9 m, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mtunda wautali kumafikira 60 km / h. Akambuku akuluakulu a Bengal amagona pafupifupi maola khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri patsiku.
Mawonekedwe
Mtundu wa ubweya wa tiger wa Bengal umasiyana ndi utoto wachikasu kupita ku lalanje, ndipo mikwingayo pakhungu ndi yofiirira, utoto wa chokoleti chakuda kapena chakuda. M'mimba mwa nyamayo ndi yoyera, ndipo mchirawo umakhalanso woyera, koma wokhala ndi mphete zakuda. Pofuna kusintha masanjidwe amtundu wa Bengal - nyalugwe yoyera, kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yakuda kapena yakuda pamaso oyera kapena kuwala kumakhala kakhalidwe. Osowa kwenikweni ndi akambuku oyera, popanda kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima pa ubweya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zolembera kulemera kwa wamwamuna yemwe adaphedwa kumpoto kwa India pasanathe zaka zana zapitazo anali 388.7 kg. Mpaka pano, awa ndiwofunikira kwambiri polembetsedwa mwachilengedwe m'mitundu yonse yodziwika.
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu wamkazi wa ku Bengal wokhala ndi mchira ndi 2.7-3.3 m kapena pang'ono, ndipo zazikazi 2.40-2.65 m.Ulitali kwambiri wamtali ndi 1.1 m ndi kutalika kufota kwa 90 -115 masentimita. Akambuku a Bengal pakadali pano ali ndi ma fangizo akulu kwambiri mwa onse oimira gulu la mphaka. Kutalika kwake kumatha kupitirira 80-90 mm. Kulemera kwa pafupifupi kwa munthu wamkulu wogonana ndi 223-275 kg, koma kulemera kwa thupi la ena, makamaka akuluakulu, kumafika ngakhale 300-320 kg. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mkazi wachikulire ndi makilogalamu 139.7-135, ndipo kulemera kwake kwakukulu kumafikira 193 kg.
Moyo, machitidwe
Nyama zodyedwa monga akambuku a Bengal zimakhala, nthawi zambiri zimangokhala. Nthawi zina, pazifukwa zina, amatha kusonkhana m'magulu ochepa, kuphatikiza anthu atatu kapena anayi. Mwamuna aliyense wolusa amayang'anira gawo lake, ndipo kubangula kwa wakwiya kumamveka ngakhale patali makilomita atatu.
Akambuku a Bengal sapota usiku, ndipo nthawi yamasana nyama izi zimakonda kupeza mphamvu ndikupuma. Wamphamvu ndi wofulumira, nyama yolusa kwambiri yomwe imasaka mawa kapena m'bandakucha, sikuti imangokhala osadya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale ili ndi kukula kwambiri, nyalugwe wa ku Bengal amatenga mitengo mosavuta ndikukwera nthambi, komanso kusambira mwangwiro komanso osawopa konse madzi.
Dera la malo amodzi olimapo limatenga dera 30-30000 km 2, ndipo anyamatawa amakhala ndi malire amalo oterowo ndi ndowe zawo, mkodzo ndi otchedwa "zikwangwani". Nthawi zina, gawo la mwamuna m'modzi limasungidwa pang'ono ndi zigawo zingapo zazimayi zingapo zomwe zimakhala zochepa.
Tiger oyera
Chosangalatsa chake ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa mitundu yoyera ya mbawala ya Bengal (Panther tigris tigris var. Alba), yomwe idapangidwa ndi asayansi akunja ngati chokongoletsera malo osungira nyama. Kuthengo, anthu otere sangathe kusaka nthawi yotentha, motero sizimachitika mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zina kumaoneka akambuku oyera m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi anthu omwe amabadwa ndi mtundu wobadwa nawo. Mtundu wosowa chonchi umafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri pankhani ya zoperewera pigment. Kambuku yoyera imasiyana ndi imzake ndi khungu lofiira pakhungu lowoneka bwino lamtambo.
Habitat, malo okhala
Mitundu yonse ya akambuku odziwika pano, kuphatikizapo akambuku a Bengal, ali ndi utoto wankhosa womwe umafanana ndi chilengedwe chawo. Mitundu yodya nyama yakhala ikufalikira m'nkhalango zotentha, m'matanthwe a mitengo yamatanthwe, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'matanthwe omwe ali pamtunda wamamita 3,000 kumtunda kwa nyanja.
Akambuku a Bengal amakhala ku Pakistan ndi Eastern Iran, ku Central ndi Northern India, ku Nepal ndi Bhutan, komanso ku Bangladesh ndi Myanmar. Nyama zanyama zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Indus ndi Ganges, Ravvi ndi Satlidzh. Kuchulukana kwa anyalugwe kumakhala kochepa kuposa anthu 2,5,000, omwe ali ndi mwayi wochepetsedwa. Mpaka pano, nyalugwe wa Bengal uli m'gulu la magulu ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu, ndikufotokozedweratu ku Afghanistan.
Chakudya cha Bengal Tiger
Akambuku akuluakulu a Bengal amatha kusaka nyama zingapo, m'malo mwake zazikulu, zoimiridwa ndi nkhumba zamtchire, agwape ndi agwape, mbuzi, njati ndi gauras, njovu zazing'ono. Komanso, nyama yolusa ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala nyalugwe, mimbulu yofiira, ankhandwe ndi nkhandwe, osati ming'alu yayikulu kwambiri.
Akambukuwa amakana kudyera mitundu yaying'ono yosiyanasiyana, monga achule, nsomba, akatumbu ndi anyani, mbuluzi ndi njoka, mbalame, ndi tizilombo. Tiana sanyansanso mitundu iliyonse ya zovunda. Kambuku wamkulu wa ku Bengal amatenga nyama pafupifupi makilogalamu 35 mpaka 40 pachakudya chimodzi, koma pambuyo pa "phwando" lotetezedwa nyama imatha kufa ndi masabata pafupifupi atatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dziwani kuti amuna agalu amtundu wa Bengal samadya akalulu ndi nsomba, ndipo zazikazi zamtunduwu, m'malo mwake, amadya chakudya choterocho mofunitsitsa.
Akambuku a Bengal ndi oleza mtima kwambiri, amatha kuyang'anira nyama yawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusankha mphindi yoyenera kuti iponyedwe motsimikiza komanso mwamphamvu. Wosankhidwayo amaphedwa ndi akambuku a Bengal pakugwidwa kapena kupasuka kwa msana. Amadziwikanso nthawi zina pamene nyama yolusa yamtunduwu ikaukira anthu. Akambuku amapha nyama yaying'ono ndikuluma m'khosi. Pambuyo pa kupha, kupanga amapititsidwa kumalo otetezeka, komwe chakudya chachete chimachitika.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Akazi amphaka amtundu wa Bengal amatha kutha msinkhu pofika zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo amuna amakhala okhwima pazaka zinayi mpaka zisanu. Amuna aamuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi akazi pagawo lawo. Wamphongo wokhwima pakati amakhala nthawi yayitali wamkazi ndi masiku onse 20-80. Komanso, kutalika kokwanira kwa gawo lokhala ndi chidwi chogonana sikupitirira masiku 3-7. Amayi atangotsala pang'ono kubereka, nthawi zonse abambo amabwerera kumalo ake, samatenga nawo gawo pobereka. Ngakhale kuti kubereka kumatenga chaka chonse, nsonga yake imagwera kuyambira pa Novembala mpaka Epulo.
Nthawi ya nkhuku ya ku Bengal ndi masiku 98-110, pakatha ana awiri mpaka anayi. Nthawi zina mu zinyalala pali ana amapasa tiger. Kulemera kwamphaka kwa pafupifupi mphaka ndi magawo 900 mpaka 1300. Makanda obadwa kumene sakhala akhungu ndipo alibe chilichonse, choncho amafunikira chisamaliro ndi chitetezo cha amayi. Kuchekacheka mwa mkazi kumatenga miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pake mayiyo amayamba kudyetsa ana ake pang'onopang'ono ndi nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti kuyambira ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi amphaka amatha kusaka okha, amayesa kukhala ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zaka zitatu.
Ana a tial tiger ndimasewera osangalatsa komanso achidwi.. Pakatha chaka chimodzi, akambuku aang'ono okha amatha kupha nyama yayikulu kwambiri. Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe owopsa, ana aang'ono kwambiri ndi chakudya chokoma cha mikango ndi ziphuphu. Amuna achikulire okalamba komanso achikulirepo amasiya "nyumba ya abambo" awo kuti apange gawo lawo, ndipo akazi amakonda kutsalira gawo la amayi awo.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani ena mwachilengedwe pakati pa akambuku a Bengal, motero, palibe. Njovu, njati ndi njuchi sizimadyedwa ndi akambuku, zimangokhala nyama ngati zangochita mwamwayi. Mdani wamkulu wa "Bengalis" ndi anthu omwe amapatsa mafupa a nyama zomwe zimawagwiritsa ntchito pochiritsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Nyama ya agalu a Bengal nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zikhadabo, vibrissa ndi ma fang ndizofunikira popanga ambuts.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Akambuku a Bengal amalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red ngati mitundu yomwe ili pangozi, komanso ku CITES Convention. Masiku ano padziko lapansi, pali anthu pafupifupi 3250-4700 a akambuku a Bengal, kuphatikizapo nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama ndipo amazisunga mozungulira. Ziwopsezo zazikuluzikulu zamtunduwu ndi kuwononga zachilengedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo achilengedwe a oyimilira amphaka ndi mtundu Panther.