Nthaka ndizomwe zimayamwa magazi zomwe zimapezeka ku Russia konse. Mitundu ingapo ya tizilomboti imakhala m'chigawo chapakati, ku Moscow komanso ku Moscow, komwe kumatha kufalikira:
Osati kale kwambiri, tinkakhulupirira kuti utoto wa makoswe umangokhala pa makoswe, canine amangokhala pa agalu, amphaka okha amphaka ndi zina, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa pantchito ya entomology awonetsa kuti utitiri womwe umakhala nyama zokhala ndi magazi ofunda samanyoza kuluma anthu, omwe ali pafupi ndi nyama izi. Kupeza kumeneku kunapangidwa pomwepo pofotokoza mitundu ingapo ya utitiri wotchuka kwambiri.
Nthaka zimakhala padziko lonse lapansi, kutengera nyengo ndi chilengedwe. Apa timaganizira ndikufotokozera machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri omwe utoto wakale wa anthu aku dera la Russia uli. Werengani zambiri za mtundu uliwonse wa utoto payokha. apa.
- Amamadya magazi a anthu ndi nyama zokha, koma osakhala mwachindunji kwa iwo
- Amapereka mitundu ingapo ya typhoid, mliri, khate, hepatitis B ndi C, encephalitis yodwala yodwala matenda osiyanasiyana komanso majeremusi angapo am'matumbo
- Zimasunthira mu kudumpha ndipo zimatha kuphimba mtunda wa mamita pafupifupi 2 nthawi
- Nthawi zonse amayambira m'malo ambiri, koma sakhala m'magulu olinganizidwa
- Pakuluma nthata, imatha kudzazidwa ndi magazi kuyambira mphindi zochepa mpaka maola angapo
Chonde: chithunzi
Nthaka zimasiyana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'nyumba chifukwa chakuti ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo timayenda makamaka tikadumpha.
- Utoto wa anthu akuluakulu umakhala wamkulu kuchokera pa 0.5 mpaka 5 mamilimita.
- Mtundu ukhoza kusiyana ndi bulauni wamkuwa mpaka pafupifupi wakuda.
- Tizilomboti tili ndi timiyendo tiwiri, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo, popeza cholinga chake ndi kudumpha.
- Mazira achikazi amakhala oyera pamtundu, mpaka milimita 0.5 kutalika.
- Zipilala mpaka mamilimita 5 m'litali zimakhala ndi thupi lozungulira, logawidwa m'magawo komanso lokutidwa ndi tsitsi.
Utoto waukulu mwatsatanetsatane pachithunzicho nthawi zonse umakhala chithunzi chokulirapo chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera komanso zokutira. M'malo mwake, utoto umayang'ana madontho akuda omwe, chifukwa cha kulumpha, amatha kusintha matupi atangozindikira.
Kulumwa
Utoto wa anthu akuluakulu umangodya magazi a anthu ndi zinyama, motero, kuluma komwe kumanenanso kupezeka kwawo mchipindacho.
- Kuluma kwa utitiri kumamveka kukayamba kachilomboka kachikoka ndi khungu lake.
- Kuluma kwa utitiri kumayambitsa kukhumudwa kwambiri, ndikuwotcha nthawi inayake.
- Pomwe tsamba la kulumayo, redness imawonekeranso, malowo amatha kutupa ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayamba kuyimba mwamphamvu.
- Nthaka imaluma anthu ndi nyama nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi magazi, chifukwa mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta ena nthawi zina sangathe kuyimitsa.
- Nthaka zimadyera kuzungulira koloko ndipo ndizonyaditsa kwambiri makamaka pakusankha malo omwe kulumidwa.
Ngati muli ndi utitiri, funsani kwa dokotala ndikuyesani mayeso ofunika kuti musatenge matenda omwe angatenge matenda oyamba ndi majeremusi.
Pomwe utoto umasinthira
Nthaka sizimakhala m'malire ndipo zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pongofalitsa. Kuti izi zitheke, wamkazi amayenera kupeza magazi okwanira kuti azipereka mazira pachakudya chofunikira asanagone.
- Kukula kwa dzira kumatenga pafupifupi sabata.
- Thumba lachikazi limayikira mazira atatu mpaka 15 mumphika umodzi.
- Malongedwe amapezeka m'malo obisika - zotumphukira pansi pa mipando, kumbuyo kwa matcheni opendekera ndi mabokosi azitseko, m'malo opezeka mipando yapamwamba, zida zam'nyumba ndi zovala zomwe simumagwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni.
- Mphutsi zamkaka kuchokera mazira.
- Mphutsi zimadya zinyalala ndi ndowe za utoto wachikulire, pakadali pano zimasuntha katatu.
- Mphutsi zimasinthidwa kukhala chrysalis, kenako ndikukhala wamkulu, wokonzekera zakudya komanso kubereka.
Momwe mbalame zimaswankhira mosamala komanso kuchuluka kwa gawo lililonse la kakulidwe kake zimatengera chilengedwe.
Pazaka zingati ndimakhala
Malo omwe amakhala bwino kwambiri paumoyo komanso kupanga nthochi ndi awa:
- Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyambira +18 mpaka +24 madigiri.
- Chinyezi 60% kapena kuposa.
- Kupanda kukonzekera.
- Kukhalapo kwa malo obisika komwe mungabisike.
- Kuyandikira kwa chakudya - anthu kapena nyama zamagazi ofunda.
Kuchulukitsa kangati kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kumadalira kutentha, chinyezi komanso kusinthasintha kwawo. Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe:
- Mazira amaswedwa ndi achikazi kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka 10.
- Gawo lazilomboli limatha masiku 8 mpaka 7 miyezi.
- Pupae amakula kuyambira masiku 5 mpaka miyezi 8.
- Wachikulire amakhala kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka zaka 1.5.
Achikazi
Achikazi - Ichi ndi kachilombo koyamwa magazi, komwe ndi kofunikira chonyamula matenda ndipo kumatha kukhala matenda oyipa. Nthaka ndi tiziromboti timene timakhala kunja kwa wolandila (i.e. ectoparasites). Monga wothandizira wamkulu kufalitsa imfa yakuda (mliri wa bubonic) ku Middle Ages, anali cholumikizano chofunikira mu mndandanda wa zochitika zomwe zinapangitsa kuti imfa ya kotala ya anthu ku Europe.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Nthaka zimapanga kagulu kakang'ono ka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kamene kanachokera kwa kholo lakale la Mecoptera (zinkhanira), komwe ali ndi machitidwe ena. Magulu onsewa ali ndi m'mimba yokhala ndi spiky, kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ganglia mu msewu wamitsempha yam'mimba, tiziwalo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono komanso mtundu wosavuta wa thumba losunga mazira.
Amuna ali ndi mtundu wofanana ndi umuna, womwe umakhala wapadera ndi mtundu wa arthropod, momwe mumakhala chingwe chosunthika kapena mchira, wopanda mphete yakunja yamatumba asanu ndi anayi, umakhala mozungulira mitochondria (cell organelles). Utoto womwe anapeza ku Australia akuti uli ndi zaka 200 miliyoni. Zinsomba zina ziwiri zodziwika bwino zakale zimachokera ku Baltic amber (Oligocene) ndipo zikufanana kwambiri ndi utoto "wamakono".
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka utoto
Flea ndi majeremusi oyamwa magazi, kudya magazi a nyama ngakhalenso anthu. Kukula kwakukulu kwa tizilombo ndi 5-8 mm. Mutha kuzifufuza pokhapokha pa maikulosikopu, ndi kudziwa Kodi ntcheto zimalemera zochuluka motani? - pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi masikelo apadera amagetsi, popeza kulemera kwake kwakukulu ndi magalamu 0,33 okha.
Thupi la nthenga limakhala lalitali ndi lofunika. Ali ndi miyendo itatu yam'manja, kumbuyo kwake ndikutali kuposa kutsogolo. Nthaka zilibe mapiko, zimadumphadumpha. Utoto umayambira wachikaso chowala mpaka chakuda. Thupi lokutidwa ndi bristles - ndi thandizo lawo, utitiri ndiosavuta kukhalapo pa ubweya. Pygidium ili pamimba - chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimayankha kugwedezeka kwa mpweya.
Mafotokozedwe achikazi Sichikhala chokwanira popanda kupenda zida zam'kamwa. Mtundu woyamwa-pobaya, umakhala ndi masitayilo: Kukula kwamphamvu kwambiri nsagwada zolukirako zomwe zimalocha mano. Mothandizidwa ndi makina amtundu wamtunduwu amapyoza khungu ndikukulitsa bala. Atalowetsa malovu pachilondacho, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mkati kuti tifike mumtsempha. Njira ya machulukitsidwe amwazi imatenga 1 min. mpaka maola 3-4.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi nthata imawoneka bwanji?
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta mapiko tambiri tomwe timakhala ndi timizeremizere tambiri, tomwe timakhala ndi timinyewa tambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri timatulutsa timiyendo tating'ono. Kukula kwa utitiri wachikulire kumasiyana kutalika kwa 0,1 mpaka 1 cm. Pafupifupi mitundu 2000 ya utali ndi ma subspecies amadziwika, koma dongosololi ndi laling'ono poyerekeza ndi magulu ena ambiri a tizilombo. Komabe, ndiofala pakati pa ena, monga utitiri wa makoswe ndi mbewa, zomwe zimanyamulidwa ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Anatomally, utoto wachikulire ndi gulu lolingana koma lopatukana, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso maulalo angapo owonekera ndi mitundu ina. Thupi lopanikizika limawalola kuti azisuntha mwachangu kudzera mu tsitsi kapena nthenga za wolandirayo, pomwe ma spikes kapena zikwangwani zotulutsa mmbuyo zimateteza kumtunda pakati pa ubweya, tsitsi kapena nthenga.
Milomo yawo imasinthidwa kuti iyamwe magazi ndipo imaphatikizanso ndi singano za spiky zomwe zimathandizira kulowerera kwa utitiri pakhungu la wolandirayo komanso kulumikizana ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali yolumikizidwa ndi wolandirayo (mwachitsanzo, utitiri wolimba). Monga lamulo, utoto womwe umakhala m'masiku onse okhala ndi maso umakhala ndi maso opanga bwino, pomwe mitundu yomwe imafanana ndi okhala pansi panthaka (mwachitsanzo ma moles) kapena nyama zooneka usiku (mwachitsanzo mileme) ilibe maso opambanitsa kapena alibe nayo konse.
Chochititsa chidwi: Zipangizo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za ntchentche ndizotukuka kwambiri. Pakusintha kwawo, utitiri, monga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka, adataya mapiko. Komabe, magawo ena a makina oyendetsa ndege amasungidwa ndipo anaphatikizidwa mu makina olumpha.
Pa tizilombo touluka, mapuloteni opanga mphira, omwe amadziwika kuti resilin, amapanga khola lomwe mapiko ake amalumikizana ndi thupi. Rezilin amatenga kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika komwe kumachitika pakamenya mapiko aliwonse, ndipo mphamvu yodziunjikira imafalikira kudzera mwa zotanuka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuyambitsa kukwapula kulikonse.
Nthaka, ngakhale zinali zopanda mapiko, zimasungabe chifuwa pamalo pomwe miyendo imalumikizidwa ndi thupi. Tizilombo touluka, mapepala otsekemera timapanikizika, ndipo timawasunga mdziko muno ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito bwino omwe amayendetsedwa ndi minofu. Pakangodumphira kulumpha, minyewa ya mbeuyo imapumula ndi mphamvu m'mapilo a resilin imafalikira kudzera m'miyendo. Izi zimapangitsa mphamvu ya khwangwala yomwe imakankhira pambali iliyonse ndi phazi pansi ndipo potero imapangitsa kuti uthengo udumphe.
Komwe utoto umakhala
Kupereka mwatsatanetsatane, utoto ndi chiyani, muyenera kudziwa za mawonekedwe a kupezeka kwa tizilombo m'chilengedwe. Nthaka zimakhala pamakondomu onse, zimagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse pachaka ndipo zimasinthasintha nyengo. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala osagonjetseka ndipo amatha kupulumuka m'malo omwe tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi timafa.
Makamaka malo okhala utitiri ndi zisa zamtchire, makola ndi malo ogona ziweto, nthaka yotayirira, ndi miyala. Mitundu ina ya majeremusi imakhala nthawi yayitali mnyumba ndipo imangosiyira chakudya. Ena amakakamizika kuti azikhala thupi la nyama nthawi zonse.
Kodi nthata imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Thumba la mphaka
Mitundu ya utoto wamba imapezeka kumadera otentha, kotentha komanso kotentha. Nthaka, makamaka Xenopsylla cheopis, amadziwika kuti ndiwofala kwambiri wa typhus (endemic) typhoid, matenda opatsirana mwa anthu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi makoswe ndi mbewa. Nthaka zimawonedwa kuti ndizofunika kukonza komanso kufalitsa matenda ambiri amtundu woyenera pakati pa makoswe ndi zolengedwa zina, kuphatikizapo tularemia ndi encephalitis yaku Russia-yotentha.
Nthaka zimafalitsa myxomatosis, kachilombo ka akalulu kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadala kuwongolera akalulu komwe ali ndi tizirombo tina tambiri (mwachitsanzo, ku Australia). Nthaka zimakhala zonyamula mapaipi am'magazi ndipo zimagwira ngati gawo lodziwika la lipeworm (Dipylidium caninum) la agalu ndi amphaka, ndipo nthawi zina ana. Pakakhala matenda akulu, nyama zimatha kuvulazidwa kwambiri kapena kuphedwa chifukwa chakulumidwa ndi nthata, chifukwa, zimataya magazi. Nthaka zimayamba kutengera tiziromboti kunja kwa nkhupakupa zakunja, mphutsi zamkati zamatumbo, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, fungal ndi matenda osavuta.
Khungu lomwe limalowa mkati mwa khungu la wolandilalo, nthawi zambiri pamiyendo yake, limakhala mkati mozungulira.Kulumikizidwa mwamphamvu kumayenderana ndi kukula ndi kukula kwa chotupa, chifukwa m'mimba mwa nthenga zamimba zimakula mpaka kukula kwa buluu, matenda opatsirana amatha kukhala mavuto akulu.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe utoto uli ndi momwe ungathanirane nawo. Tiwone zomwe adya.
Kufalitsa kufalitsa, kuzungulira kwa moyo
Poyamba, asayansi ankakayikira: utoto ndi tizilombo kapena ayi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako, zimatha kulingalira za mawonekedwe a utoto ndikuwona mayendedwe apamwamba pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Asayansi adatha kusiyanitsa magawo anayi a kukula kwa utitiri, kulola kuti udziwe kuti ndi ufumu wa tizilombo:
- Dzira ndilo gawo loyamba lomwe thupi la mphutsi limapangidwa mkati mwa dzira.
- Mphutsi - thupi lopangidwa limasiya chipolopolo kuti dzikwaniritse gawo lotsatira lakusintha.
- Pupa - mphutsi zimapanga koko komwe thupi lake limasinthika kwathunthu.
- Akuluakulu - wamkulu wasiya coco.
Tizilombo tambiri timakhala tiwiri: mitunduyi imagawidwa amuna ndi akazi. Mitundu iyi ikuphatikiza nthambo. Zojambula kapena choyimira chikuwonetsa bwino ziwalo za kachiromboka: thupi laling'ono lopatsa, mutu wochepa, miyendo yayitali ndi zibwano zazikulu zamphamvu. Mwa akazi, umuna umakhala pa thupi, ndipo mwa amuna, pamakhala zovala. Pakukhwima, chachikazi chimakwera pamsana pa champhongo, chimalumikizidwa ndi majini ndipo amakhala m'malo otere kwa maola angapo.
Wamkazi amakhala wokonzeka kuyikira mazira nthawi yomweyo ukadzabereka. M'malo abwino, zomangamanga zimachitika nthawi 1 patsiku. Ngati kutentha kwa m'munsi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kapena mkaziyo ali ndi njala komanso watopa, sangachedwe kugona. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kuwerengetsa mazira 2,000 nthawi yonse ya moyo wake. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo sadzatha kulima, koma ena onsewo adzabwatula ndi kukhalabe ndi moyo ngati angathe kupeza chakudya chokwanira.
Utoto wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi zithunzi
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti zilibe kanthu kuti uthengo uzikhala. Koma patulani utoto wamitundu mitundu khalani mu ubweya wa mtundu wina wa nyama. Mwakutero, zimagawidwa. Mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:
- Feline - amakhala ndimphaka, koma amaluma agalu ndi anthu. Amakhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya, lakuda kapena lofiirira.
- Canine - kuluma agalu, amphaka ndi anthu. Tizilomboti tambiri timakhala matupi awo omwe amathandiza tizilombo kumamatira tsitsi. Miyendo yam'manja yolimba imawalola kuti azilumpha mosavuta pa agalu ena ndi amphaka.
- Makoswe - onyamula matenda. Amadyetsa magazi a makoswe, amatha kuluma munthu. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina kukula kwake kwa thupi, yomwe imatha kufika 4 mm.
- Nkhuku - imakhala pa nkhuku zoweta ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zakutchire. Amadyetsa magazi a mbalame. Chosiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi kakulidwe kowopsa pamitu ya amuna.
- Mtundu - mtundu womwe umangodya magazi a anthu okha. Kutha kufesa nkhumba ndi zoweta. Kukula kwakukulu, kufika 4 mm, mtundu wa thupi ndi wodera kapena wakuda.
Kudziwa utwana ndi chiyani, mutha kusiyanitsa mtundu umodzi ndi umodzi ndi kumvetsetsa ngati kuli koyenera kuopa matenda mukamaluma.
Zomwe utoto ungatenge kachilombo ka nyama
Ngakhale atero utitiri mu nyama zikuwoneka, pafupifupi onse amatha kuluma ndi kudya magazi a anthu. Koma sangakhale padzikoli: Tsitsi la munthu limasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a tsitsi. Munthu sangatenge tinyama ndi nyama, koma kuluma kwake kumakhalabe koopsa kwa iye. Pokhudzana ndi nyama yodwala, njira zopewera chitetezo ziyenera kuonedwa: gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi, osakusungirani. Pambuyo pokonzanso tsitsi la nyama, ndikofunikira kudziyesa nokha: ndikotheka kuti zilembo zakuluma zizipezeka thupi.
Kufotokozera kwa utitiri: moyo, kapangidwe ka thupi
Nthaka zimakhala m'gulu la ma arthropods oyamwa magazi. Kutalika kwa tiziromboti kumatha kufika 5 mm, zazikazi zitatha kudya zimatha 1 cm, ukala - mpaka 1.5 cm.Thupi la nthenga ndi mutu ndi pamimba, litavala chophimba chitinous, thunthu limayatsidwa mbali. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayenda mosavuta pakati pa nthenga, ubweya ndi zovala. Mtundu - kuchokera wachikaso mpaka pafupifupi wakuda.
Zosangalatsa! Pakusintha, nyama zambiri zasintha kunja. Asayansi apeza kuti nthomba zamakono zimawoneka pafupifupi ngati makolo ake.
Nthaka zilibe mapiko, koma zimayenda modumphadumpha mothandizidwa ndi awiriawiri a miyendo yayitali komanso yolimba. M'mitundu ina, miyendo ndiyifupi, motero imangokhala thupi la mwini. Mphepoyi imakhala ndi zigawo zisanu, zomaliza ndi zomangira zamkono, zopindika kumapeto.
Thupi la uthengo laphimbidwa ndi maulalo ndi zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ziziyenda mwachangu pa thupi la womenyedwayo. Pamutu pali ma scallops amtambo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka tiziromboti, sizingatheke kuzimitsa, kudulira kapena kuchotsa, ndizotheka kungophwanya ndi chala.
Kumbuyo kwa mimba kumakhala chotupa cha pygidium, chida champhamvu chophimbidwa ndi tsitsi looneka ngati tactile. Amayankha kusintha pang'ono kwa mpweya ndikuchenjeza za ngozi.
Njira yolerera yachikazi imakhala ndi oviduct, thumba losunga mazira, ndi cholandilira (mwa mawonekedwe a babu opindika), ndipo amuna - chida cha genital (cholowa).
Kuseri kwa maso kumakhala tinyanga. Amphongo amagwiritsitsa zazikazi nthawi ikamakhwima. Nthawi yonseyi amakhala atalephera kugona.
Mtundu wa pakamwa ukuyamwa. Ikaluma khungu, nthenga imakulitsa bala, imasunga malovu, yomwe imalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, kenako imalowa kwambiri ndikuyenda mumtsempha wamagazi, pomwe imayamwa magazi. Singakwere kwathunthu pansi pa khungu la utoto.
Njira zabwino zochotsera utitiri mnyumba mokha
Mitundu yonse yazinyama zamitengo, 30 zokha ndi zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi munthu m'nyumba. Koma izi ndi zokwanira kuyamba kufunafuna momwe mungachotsere majeremusi nokha kunyumba.
Inde, yankho labwino ndikuti mupeze thandizo la akatswiri omwe amadzayambitsa tizilombo patangopita maola ochepa. Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, nthawi zonse mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ogulidwa kapena mankhwala othandizira.
Kodi ndingangoyembekezera
Kutalika kwakanthawi kanthunzi kumatenga milungu itatu mpaka ziwiri. Nthawi imeneyi, aliyense wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 500. Komanso, majeremusi samakhala pa "ambuye" awo. Amakonda mtendere, kubisala m'nyumba: m'makatani pansi, pamulu wapepala kapena zovala, zofunda kapena chofunda. Ndipo amalumphira anthu ndi nyama kungodya.
Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kuthamangitsa utitiri kunyumba, muyenera kuganizira zingapo:
- Popanda chakudya, majeremusi akuluakulu amafa m'masiku ochepa. Koma mphutsi ndi pupae zimatha kukhala ndi moyo milungu ingapo ndi miyezi, kudikirira eni akewo kuti abwerere. Chifukwa chake, kunyamuka ndi njira yopanda kanthu polimbana ndi majeremusi.
- Kutentha kwa pafupifupi 25-30 digiri Celsius kumalimbikitsa kuyambitsa kwa utitiri kagayidwe. Amakhala akulu ndikuchulukana mwachangu, koma khalani nthawi 2 pochepera. Pazizira, njira zotsutsana zimachitika. Tizilombo timachepetsa, nthawi zambiri sililuma anthu ndi nyama, koma nthawi yake yamoyo imakulitsidwa. Anthu akuluakulu ndi mazira amafa pamazira otentha. Koma anyaniwa amatha kudziteteza ndikukhala ndi moyo kwa miyezi ingapo, chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa nyumba, muyenera kuchitira zakudyazo pansi.
- Nthaka zimadumpha mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Chifukwa chake, amakhala makamaka pansi, sofa ndi makapeti.
Kuti muthane ndi majeremusi nokha, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magawo angapo, omwe sanaphe anthu akuluakulu okha, komanso omwe amakula mazira.
Tizilombo Togulitsa
Zida zamakono zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri polimbana ndi tizilombo, sizikununkhiranso zosasangalatsa komanso zotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama. Chifukwa chake, simungachoke mnyumba masiku angapo, ngati mungafunike kuchotsa zinyalala kunyumba.
Ndikokwanira kukonza mawonekedwe onse ndikuchokapo kwa maola angapo.
Koma si mankhwala onse omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika omwe amagwirizana ndi tanthauzo ili. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwerengera mosamala malangizowo ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukusamala popewa chitetezo, kuteteza mphuno, maso ndi khungu ku poizoni.
Potsutsa nthata zitha kugwira ntchito:
- "Dichlorvos" ndi mitundu yawo yambiri,
- Kukwatula
- Kuwombera,
- Medilis
- Karbofos
- Biorin
- "Butox 50",
- "Cucaracha"
- Biorin
- Chibetri
- Sinuzan
- Tsifok,
- "Nyumba yoyera" ndi ena.
Musanagwiritse ntchito umagwirira nokha, muyenera kuyeretsa konyowa konsekonse, kupaka zinthu zonse.
Ndiye kuti banja lonse limayenda, ndipo mawonekedwe onse, mawonekedwe ake, makapeti ndi nsalu zimakonzedwa bwino. Pambuyo maola 3-5, mutha kupukusa nyumba ndikupita kwanu. Sabata yotsatira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musasambe pansi, makhoma ndi mipando, koma mungasesa utitiri wakufa mu bin.
Zithandizo za anthu
Pazaka zambiri zokhala ndi majeremusi, anthu apeza njira zina zabwino, zomenyera nkhondo kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni wambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati nyumbayo ili ndi anthu omwe amakonda kulumikizana kapena mavuto ndi khungu, kupuma, nyama ndi ana, mutha kuthana ndi utitiri kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka.
Zothandiza kwambiri kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi imatha kuzizira, kuyatsira chipinda tsiku limodzi. M'nyengo yotentha ndikwabwino kupachika zofunda zonse ndi ma carpets kuti mutenthe padzuwa kwa masiku angapo. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri ngati mungagwiritse ntchito jenereta yamafuta.
Kachipangizo koyeretsera zinthu ndi maonekedwe ake kumaotcha madzi kutentha kwambiri. Nthaka imalowa mosavuta ming'alu iliyonse ndikupha majeremusi ndi mazira awo.
Mutha kuthamangitsanso tizilombo nokha:
- Mchere ndi koloko. Ndikokwanira kuthira supuni ya zonse ziwiri kapu yamadzi. Chida ichi chimathandizanso kupweteketsa mano, ndipo chikapakidwa pamwambapa chimapukusa matupi a tiziromboti, ndikusungidwa bwino kwa ana ndi nyama.
- Sipuni ya adyo ndi moŵa. Chida ichi ndi cha iwo omwe saopa fungo lanyumba. M'pofunika ma clove atatu ophwanyika osindikiza kuti asakanikane ndi 30 g wa ufa. Gruel imayikidwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, ndikuwonetsetsa utoto ndi "fungo".
- Pine utuchi. Ichi ndi mankhwala akale. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa zofunda zamafuta a ziweto, kusinthanitsa kamodzi masiku angapo.
- Ma Citruse. Mafuta ofunikira samangonunkhira mosangalatsa, komanso kuthamangitsa utitiri. Mutha kuyala mabowo mozungulira nyumbayo kapena kupopera malo okhala ndi madzi owonjezera achilengedwe.
- Chlorine Pakusamba pansi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la "White" ndi madontho angapo a ammonia. Fungo loipa limathamangitsa tiziromboti, ndipo alkali adzawapha.
- Viniga Pa chithandizo pamtunda, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito chisakanizo cha 3-6% acid ndi camphor pazofanana. Madontho ochepa a cologne amathandiza kuchotsa fungo losasangalatsa.
- Ndikwabwino kuchotsa tizilombo tofa ndi masonry awo ku zinthu zokhala ndi zotsuka. Koma ndikofunikira kusamalira zida komanso makamaka thumba la zinyalala kuti isakhale cholefuka choti chinyamula.
Yeretsani nyumba yanu ku fumbi!
Tizilombo Togulitsa
Zida zamakono zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri polimbana ndi tizilombo, sizikununkhiranso zosasangalatsa komanso zotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama. Chifukwa chake, simungachoke mnyumba masiku angapo, ngati mungafunike kuchotsa zinyalala kunyumba.
Ndikokwanira kukonza mawonekedwe onse ndikuchokapo kwa maola angapo.
Koma si mankhwala onse omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika omwe amagwirizana ndi tanthauzo ili. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwerengera mosamala malangizowo ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukusamala popewa chitetezo, kuteteza mphuno, maso ndi khungu ku poizoni.
Potsutsa nthata zitha kugwira ntchito:
- "Dichlorvos" ndi mitundu yawo yambiri,
- Kukwatula
- Kuwombera,
- Medilis
- Karbofos
- Biorin
- "Butox 50",
- "Cucaracha"
- Biorin
- Chibetri
- Sinuzan
- Tsifok,
- "Nyumba yoyera" ndi ena.
Musanagwiritse ntchito umagwirira nokha, muyenera kuyeretsa konyowa konsekonse, kupaka zinthu zonse.
Ndiye kuti banja lonse limayenda, ndipo mawonekedwe onse, mawonekedwe ake, makapeti ndi nsalu zimakonzedwa bwino. Pambuyo maola 3-5, mutha kupukusa nyumba ndikupita kwanu. Sabata yotsatira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musasambe pansi, makhoma ndi mipando, koma mungasesa utitiri wakufa mu bin.
Zithandizo za anthu
Pazaka zambiri zokhala ndi majeremusi, anthu apeza njira zina zabwino, zomenyera nkhondo kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni wambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati nyumbayo ili ndi anthu omwe amakonda kulumikizana kapena mavuto ndi khungu, kupuma, nyama ndi ana, mutha kuthana ndi utitiri kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka.
Zothandiza kwambiri kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi imatha kuzizira, kuyatsira chipinda tsiku limodzi. M'nyengo yotentha ndikwabwino kupachika zofunda zonse ndi ma carpets kuti mutenthe padzuwa kwa masiku angapo. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri ngati mungagwiritse ntchito jenereta yamafuta.
Kachipangizo koyeretsera zinthu ndi maonekedwe ake kumaotcha madzi kutentha kwambiri. Nthaka imalowa mosavuta ming'alu iliyonse ndikupha majeremusi ndi mazira awo.
Mutha kuthamangitsanso tizilombo nokha:
- Mchere ndi koloko. Ndikokwanira kuthira supuni ya zonse ziwiri kapu yamadzi. Chida ichi chimathandizanso kupweteketsa mano, ndipo chikapakidwa pamwambapa chimapukusa matupi a tiziromboti, ndikusungidwa bwino kwa ana ndi nyama.
- Sipuni ya adyo ndi moŵa. Chida ichi ndi cha iwo omwe saopa fungo lanyumba. M'pofunika ma clove atatu ophwanyika osindikiza kuti asakanikane ndi 30 g wa ufa. Gruel imayikidwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, ndikuwonetsetsa utoto ndi "fungo".
- Pine utuchi. Ichi ndi mankhwala akale. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa zofunda zamafuta a ziweto, kusinthanitsa kamodzi masiku angapo.
- Ma Citruse. Mafuta ofunikira samangonunkhira mosangalatsa, komanso kuthamangitsa utitiri. Mutha kuyala mabowo mozungulira nyumbayo kapena kupopera malo okhala ndi madzi owonjezera achilengedwe.
- Chlorine Pakusamba pansi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la "White" ndi madontho angapo a ammonia. Fungo loipa limathamangitsa tiziromboti, ndipo alkali adzawapha.
- Viniga Pa chithandizo pamtunda, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito chisakanizo cha 3-6% acid ndi camphor pazofanana. Madontho ochepa a cologne amathandiza kuchotsa fungo losasangalatsa.
- Ndikwabwino kuchotsa tizilombo tofa ndi masonry awo ku zinthu zokhala ndi zotsuka. Koma ndikofunikira kusamalira zida komanso makamaka thumba la zinyalala kuti isakhale cholefuka choti chinyamula.
Yeretsani nyumba yanu ku fumbi!
Momwe mungadzitetezere ku utitiri
Sikokwanira kungochotsa majeremusi. Kuonetsetsa kuti sabwerera, njira zina zodzitetezera ziyenera kuonedwa. Ndipo choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuti mu chipinda, mu chapamwamba komanso chapansi, oyandikana alibe mbewa, makoswe kapena zonyamula zina za majeremusi. Kupanda kutero, utitiri udzabweranso ndikuyenera kuyang'ananso njira yowachotsera kunyumba.
Ndikofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti ana ndi ziweto azigwirizana pang'ono ndi nyama pamsewu. Pambuyo pamsonkhano wotere, ndikokwanira kuwombola mwana, ndikusamba zinthu.
Ndikofunika kuteteza chiweto kwambiri:
- Gulani kolala yotsitsa tiziromboti. Imodzi mwazida zabwino kwambiri, zokwera mtengo, ndi Hartz.
Gwiritsani ntchito madontho, zikumera kuchitira tsitsi la nyama. Njira zodziwika bwino zopangira Frontline, Advantix, Baa, Rolf. - Pulumutsani chiweto chanu ndi ma shampoos apadera monga gulu la Rolf Club.
- Ndikupangikanso kuti nthawi zonse kuphatikiza tsitsi la nyamayo payokha kuti mutsimikizire kuti zichotsa nthata ndi mazira.
Kupanda kutero, ndikofunikira kuti nyumbayo ikhale yoyera komanso kuti izikhala yoyera nthawi zonse. Ndipo utitiri ukabweranso, munthu sayenera kudikirira, akuyembekeza kuti vutolo litha lokha, koma mwachangu chitengere mbali zotsutsana ndi majeremusi kuti apulumutse onse m'banjamo.
Momwe mungatulutsire utoto m'nyumba ndi wowerengeka azitsamba, zomwe mbewu zimathandiza kuchotsa majeremusi
Nthaka ndi tizilombo tomwe timatha kudya magazi a nyama komanso anthu, pomwe timatulutsa zovuta zambiri.
Tizilombo timachulukana mwachangu ndikufalikira m'nyumba.
Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuwachotsera nthawi. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungatulutsire utoto m'nyumba ndi wowerengeka, chifukwa njirayi ndiyotetezedwa kwambiri kwa anthu.
Momwe mungapangire utitiri mnyumba momwe muli mwana
Zogulitsa zina zomwe zimagulidwa zimatha kupangitsa kuti mwana azidwala kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mwanayo kulibe.
Nthawi zina, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka, mwachitsanzo:
- Pezani zinthu zina monga zachilengedwe, monga chitsamba, mafuta a mkungudza ndi timbewu tonunkhira.
- Gulani shampoo yozikidwa pa bulugamu, juniper, lavenda ndi geranium. Ana amakonda kuyenda ndi ziweto zawo, kotero ziweto zimayenera kumusambitsa pafupipafupi, kutsuka khosi ndi chibwano chokwanira. Pambuyo pakusambira, nyamayo imafunikanso kukonzanso. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonzekera yankho pasadakhale: wiritsani ndimu imodzi mu lita imodzi yamadzi, tsimikizani wothandizirayo kwa maola asanu ndi awiri.
- Ndikofunikira kupatsirana malo, kutsuka kwathunthu, ndipo zinthu za ana ziyenera kutenthedwa ndi chitsulo.
- Ndikofunikira kutsuka nsapato za mumsewu, kulabadira mwapadera zokhazokha.
Malingaliro oterowo amateteza nyumba kuti isawoneke ndi utitiri.
Njira zochotsera tizilombo mwachangu
Monga mankhwala ogula kwambiri, mutha kulimbikitsa omwe atchulidwa patebulopo.
- Tizilombo ta Diatomite pamagulu achilengedwe, omwe amapezeka ngati ufa. Zopanda vuto. Chogulikacho chimayenera kumwazika pabalaza ndi kupita kwa tsiku limodzi. Kenako muyenera kutulutsa bwino, ndipo ngati pangafunike, bwerezaninso.
- Dichlorvos Chida chotchuka chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wolimbana ndi tizilombo zamtundu uliwonse. Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikizapo ma pyrethroids: deltamethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin. Imagwira mwachangu komanso moyenera, koma siyotetezeka ku thanzi.
- Raptor Yopezeka ngati aerosol. Ubwino wake ndiwosaopsa komanso wopanda fungo. Mutha kuthana ndi majeremusi osatuluka m'chipindacho.
- Aerosol imalaliridwa m'chipindacho, ndipo munthu akhoza kupitiliza kukhala m'chipindachi.
- M'malo mwake, pali zinthu zambiri zabwino monga zobetchera tizilombo, zina zoopsa, zina ayi.
Musanagule, ndikofunikira kuwerenga mosamala malangizo.
Kodi flea koloko ndi mchere thandizo
Mafuta ndi mchere ndizothandiza kwambiri. Ma kristalo amchere, akalowa m'thupi la tiziromboti, amayamba kuwongolera. Ngati mchere umayikidwa pamphaka, ndiye kuti mphutsi zonse ndi akulu adzafa mwachangu. Soda amachita chimodzimodzi. Njira zonsezi ndi zotetezeka kwathunthu.
Kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yokonzekera iyi:
- Chotsani opanga alendo ndi ziweto m'chipindacho,
- kuchotsa mbale, chakudya, ndi chilichonse chomwe chingakhale chothandiza kwa maola 4,
- sambani pansi ndi yankho la kuyera kapena viniga.
Ndikofunikira kukonzekera kapangidwe kake pasadakhale, chifukwa muyenera kusakaniza koloko ndi mchere molingana ndikuzisiya kuti zipatse maola khumi.
Tsopano kapangidwe kamwazika pamatopota ndikugawidwa chimodzimodzi ndi tsache kapena burashi. Ngati chipindacho chili ndi matabwa kapena pansi, ndiye kuti chimatsukidwa ndi madzi.
Pambuyo pokonza mosamala, chipindacho chimatsekera kwa maola anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yoikidwiratu, wothandizirayo amachotsedwa pamphasa ndi chotsukira, komanso ndi chiguduli chonyowa kuchokera ku linoleum.
Kupititsa patsogolo izi, njirayi ikhoza kubwerezedwanso, izi zikuthandizira kuchotsa mphutsi kwathunthu.
Chifukwa chake, pali njira zingapo zomwe zingathe kuthana ndi tizilombo. Zogulitsa zotere ndizopanda poizoni ndipo sizimayambitsa chifuwa.
Komabe, ngati vutolo lanyalanyazidwa ndipo utitiri utafalikira m'chipindacho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe agulidwa chifukwa cha mankhwala.
Njira yothandiza yothetsera utoto. Momwe mungatulutsire utoto m'chipinda chokhala ndi wowerengeka azitsamba
Amayamba kulimbana utitiri ndimakina oteteza - awa ndi onunkhira ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka kwa anthu, zomwe zimatulutsa fungo labwino mu nyumba. Tizilombo tofananira, titero, tidzachita mantha ndi fungo ndipo pang'onopang'ono tidzatuluka munyumbayo tokha.
Izi ndizofunikira: Kuti tichotse kwathunthu tizilombo touluka, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi - fungo lawo liyenera kukhala lolimba, komanso mosalekeza.
Mafuta ofunikira
Mafuta ofunikira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa nkhope za fleecy pamalo ena opera zovala. Koma nthawi zambiri amayi akunyumbako amangopondapansi - chithandizo chomwe chaperekedwa chimathandizanso kwambiri kuti chipindacho chizikhala choyera, chofunikanso poteteza utitiri, komanso pamalo odyetsa anthu.
Izi ndizofunikira: Chenjerani kuti musagwiritse ntchito zinthu pochiza mafuta ofunikira omwe samayipa nzika. Mafuta ofunikanso amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zinyama - izi ziyenera kuyang'anidwanso pakakonzedwa.
Zitsamba
Njira za anthu othandizira kuthana ndi utsi ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri, pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi fungo lokongola. Chifukwa chake, utitiri wogonana sulekerera fungo la chowawa ndi chofinya - zitsamba zam'munda zokhala ndi mwayi waulere kwa anthu.
Pothamangitsa tinyama tambiri m'nyumba, ndikokwanira kuyika zitsamba zatsopano za chowawa kapena zotayira m'malo momwe mungapezekere. Tikulimbikitsidwanso kuti nyama ziomboledwe pobzala udzu - izi zizichitidwa pamaso pa utitiri paliponse pa thupi la nyamayo, komanso posakhalapo pofuna kupewa.
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti njirayi imakhala yoopsa kwa nyama ndi ana chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wa madzi obisika kuchokera kumitengo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonza zitsamba kuti nyama ndi ana zisathe kusewera nawo.
Zipatso za citrus
Nthaka zam'nyumba sizimalola kununkhira kwa zipatso za zipatso, chifukwa chake zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, makamaka chifukwa zinthu izi zimapezeka pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse.
Kufufuza sikutanthauza kuchitapo kanthu kovuta kuchokera kwa okhala mu chipindacho - ingoyambitsani masamba a mandimu, lalanje, mphesa kapena laimu m'malo ovuta kufikirako, koma utitiri (ma vents, pansi pa mabatani ndi chivundikiro pansi) umatha kudutsa. Ndikofunikanso kufalitsa mabokosi onse m'nyumba mondipanga mipando yazifupi.
Amoni
Amonia nthawi zambiri imakhalapo mu zida zoyambira yoyamba, chifukwa chake akuyenera kuchiza mchipinda chomwe zoyerekeza utoto zakhala zikuwoneka. Chidebe cha madzi chimangofunika madontho ochepa ammonia. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kunyowetsedwa m'nyumba. Njira imeneyi imasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Malangizo othandiza: Muyenera kusambitsanso madzi anu ndi yankho la ammonia pamaso kapena ngati pali utitiri pa thupi lake. Kuphatikiza apo, zofunda za nyama, zoseweretsa zofewa za ana zimachotsedwa.
Chomera cha Peritrum
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo timene timakhala m'nyumba imatha kuwononga chomera choyimira. Peritrum ndi maluwa chamomile pansi.
Pulogalamuyo imangobalalitsidwa pozungulira malo opatsirana kachilomboka - pa carpet, mipando ndi malo ovuta kufikira omwe awonetsedwa pamwambapa. Gawo lake ndi lotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama, chifukwa ngakhale chiweto chikagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, sichichititsa poizoni.
Sopo wa Tar
Mutha kuwononga utitiri pogwiritsa ntchito sopo wa phula - uku sikuti kokha ndi mankhwala othira utoto. Ndi chida ichi, mutha kuthetsa nsikidzi, maphemwe ndi tizirombo tina m'nyumba. Kugwiritsa ntchito sopo kumachitika ndi kupukuta pamalo okhala ndi kachiromboka - pansi, mabolodi ojambulira, makapeti, mipando, ngakhale nyama (nyama zizisambitsidwa tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito chinthuchi).
Sopo wa Tar umatsukidwa pamwamba ndikusiyidwa kwa mphindi 10 kuti upangike. Kenako amatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera.
Izi ndizofunikira: Chithandizo cha utitiri ndi mankhwala omwe aperekedwa ziyenera kuchitidwa tsiku lililonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, tizilombo titha kufalikira mwachangu ndipo kukula kwa mphutsi kumatha kupewedwa.
Boric acid
Boric acid ndi othandizira othandizira kuthambo omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse tizilombo zosasangalatsa izi munthawi yochepa. kuti muwononge tinyama tambiri, ndikokwanira kungomwaza ufa wa boric acid pamphasa. Ndi madzi omwe akuphatikiza ndi boric acid mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, mutha kukonza kwathunthu m'nyumba - izi zimalepheretsa tinyama tokha kusamukira kumalo ena.
Mchere
Chifukwa chosowa boric acid, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osangalatsa a anti-flea omwe amakhala m'nyumba iliyonse - iyi ndi njira yapadera yolimbana mwachangu ndi tizilombo. Mchere ndi chakudya chowonjezera chomwe chimapha mofulumira utitiri. Ma kristalo amchere amagwera thupi la tizilombo ndikuwononga, chifukwa chake anthu pang'onopang'ono amafa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere kumakhala kotetezeka ngakhale kuli ndi ana komanso nyama zazing'ono mnyumba - kumamwa mchere wochepa kwambiri sikungayambitse kuyamwa kapena poyizoni. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothanirana ndi utitiri pafupipafupi - masiku awiri aliwonse muyenera kuwaza gawo latsopanoli pa carpet ndi njira.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati muli ndi utitiri mu chipinda chanu? Momwe mungawononge tizilombo ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe?
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe, kuphatikiza njira zingapo ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito koloko pokonza mipando yapamwamba, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo lomasulira, zomwe zingawonjezere zabwino ndikuthandizani momwe mungachotsere utitiri wokhala ndi mankhwala wowerengeka.
Peppermint, yogulidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala, yazitsimikizira ngati njira yodalirika yomwe ingathe kuthana ndi tizilombo. Kuti muwone momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito, ikani nthambi zouma m'malo omwe zimakhala ndi tizilombo tambiri. Samalani malo omwe ali pansi pa sofa ndi zofunda.
Mbale zimapezeka mnyumba mwanga, sindikudziwa kuti zidachitika bwanji, koma kuthana nazo ndimagwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino, popeza ndine munthu wosamva bwino. Mint akundipulumutsa osati koyamba, ndikufuna kuphatikiza zotsalazo ndikuphatikiza ndi njira zina.
Komanso, wowerengeka azitsamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza chiweto chokha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga mafuta ofunikira a zomwe zomwezo zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Mafuta amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi shampoos kapena kupanga nokha kukonzekera kuyeretsa ubweya ndi chovala wamba chowongolera kapena sopo wa ana wopanda zinthu zovulaza.
Chomera chimadziwika kuti ndi chothandiza kwambiri pochotsa utitiri. Sankagwiritsidwa ntchito pongolimbana ndi utitiri, komanso ntchentche, nyerere, nungu, Amakhulupirira kuti ngati ma bampu a chowawa atapachikidwa m'khola ndi ziweto, ndiye kuti nyama sizingasokonezeke ndi tizilombo. Kodi nyongolotsi zimathandizadi ndi utitiri?
Kodi njira za wowerengeka ndizothandiza polimbana ndi utitiri
Ndikofunikira kudziwa! Timalandira gawo loyambalo la poizoni, kambuku kamakhala ngati chilombo cholusa, kuluma chilichonse chomwe chikuyandikira nkhope yake. Kodi mukuganiza kuti mphaka yemwe ali ndi utoto mazana ambiri angakumane ndi chiyani? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nyamayo imva bwanji, yomwe idasimbidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi singano 100? Mphaka wamphaka "samadwala chifukwa chokoma" komanso osagwiritsa ntchito kuluma, mukukumbukira?
Ma Aerosols
Kuti muchotse magazi m'magazi awo mothandizidwa ndi ma aerosols, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nyama ndi anthu, mwana m'chipindamo kwa theka la tsiku, kutsanulira matabodi onse, mipando, mawonekedwe amkati a makabati, matebulo agona, zofunda, zovala. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kutseka mawindo, zitseko ndikudikirira maola angapo. Ma eerosols otsatirawa ali ndi zotsatira zabwino:
- Sinuzan ndiwogulitsa popanga mankhwala a chlorpyrifos. Ili ndi fungo losasangalatsa.The moyikirapo ayenera kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi malangizo ndi utsi yankho lomalizidwa.
- Gett ndi kupopera mankhwala kwa tizilombo. Kwa malo amchipinda chimodzi, zitini 2-3 zowonongera ndizokwanira, zomwe ziyenera kuwazidwa pang'onopang'ono pamalo onse.
- Raptor ndi mankhwala achi Germany omwe alibe fungo, mosiyana ndi dichlorvos, amawonetsa kuyendetsa bwino tizilombo. Lowetsani kumtunda, pomwe simungathe kusiya malo okhala.
- Kuwombera - chida chodziwika kwambiri chomwe chikuwonetsa kukwera kwambiri. Pukusani katunduyo m'nyumba, dikirani maola angapo.
Malangizo
- Tsifok - ili ndi cypermethrin. Botolo la 50 ml limakupatsani mwayi kuti mufufuze malo mpaka mita 100 kuti muphe tizilombo.
- Pezani chida chothandiza kwambiri. Vial 100 ml imasungunuka mu lita imodzi yamadzi. Kuchuluka kumeneku ndikokwanira kugwira chipinda chachikulu ndi kutsitsi, kuphatikiza mipando.
- Wopherayo ndi njira yothandiza yolimbanira. Chipinda chokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri, mabotolo 20-25 amafunikira. Botolo imodzi iyenera kusungunuka ndi theka la lita imodzi yamadzi.
- "Cucaracha" ndi mankhwala amphamvu atizilombo. Botolo limodzi la 50 ml ndikokwanira kukonza 100 sq.m.
- "Tetrix" ndi njira yothandizira tizilombo toyamwa magazi. 30 ml ya mankhwalawa amathandizira ndi lita imodzi yamadzi. Osakaniza amapopera kapena kuthira pansi.
- "Butox 50" - imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zipinda. Kuwongolera kwa tizilombo kumachitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pa 100 sq.m. muyenera kuchepetsa 30 ml ya mankhwalawa ndi malita 10 a madzi.
- Medilis ndi 25% emulsion yamagetsi yokhazikika pa pyrethroid cypermethrin. Pa lalikulu. m. kumwa 50 ml ya madzi amadzimadzi.
Malamulo pokonza nyumba
Chipindacho chikakonzedwa bwino, kugwiramo kumakhala kosavuta. Kudziwa mayendedwe amachitidwe awo, ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta kukonza kuchokera ku utoto palokha
- Ndikofunikira kuchita kukonzanso kwa fleecy yonse, zinthu zansalu - zoseweretsa, makatuni, masipika, matawulo, makatani, ndi zina zambiri, kupera nsalu zonse ndi zinthu zaumwini.
- Mizati, mabulangete, matiresi, zofunda zina ziyenera kuphwanyidwa, kupachikidwa pamtambo kwa maola angapo, kapena kuthandizidwa ndi jenereta yamamadzi.
- Sambani malo onse mchipindacho - zenera, pansi, mipando pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- Sungani zinthu za fleecy kuti muzisonkhanitsa mazira, utitiri.
- Kukonza kuyenera kuchitika kwathunthu, kukhudza zipinda zonse, ngodya mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera.
- Nyumba yosungidwayi iyenera kusiyidwa kwa maola angapo, yatsekedwa mwamphamvu.
- Mutabwerako, muyenera kuyatsa nyumbayo mosamala, kupukuta pamalo onse omwe mungakhudze.
- Kuti mukwaniritse zambiri, muyenera kuyeretsa nyumbayo kwa masiku 2-4.
Kodi pali utoto wa anthu?
Nthaka ndi tizilombo timene timakhala moyo wa parasitiki. Ma magazi samasamala kwambiri za chakudya, makamaka akakhala ndi njala.
Kodi utoto umakhala mwa anthu? Nthawi zonse, opanda mapiko amasankha magazi a galu, amphaka. Majeremusi ang'onoang'ono amaluma munthu ngati alibe chakudya china.
Komabe, pali mtundu umodzi wa majeremusi oyamwa magazi ochokera ku banja la Pulex Irritans omwe amaluma munthu. Nthaka ya anthu imakonda kumwa magazi a anthu, koma ngati siyikhala pafupi, ndiye kuti imatha kukhalako pafupifupi zazinyama zilizonse mthupi.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa Pulex Irritans, mitundu yoposa 1500 ya utitiri imatha kudya magazi a anthu. Koma ambiri aiwo amadzaza mtundu wina wa mbalame kapena nyama.
Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iyi yamagazi opanda zingwe amaluma munthu:
Mitundu yamtunduwu imaluma munthu pakakhala kuti palibe makamu oyandikira. Mwachitsanzo, anthu osaka magazi a kalulu nthawi zambiri amawukira asaka.
Maonekedwe abwino
Ngati kulumidwa kwa mfundo kumaonekera pa thupi la munthu, ndipo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timalumpha kuzungulira nyumbayo kuti tiwone maonekedwe ake, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe utitiri wa anthu umaonekera. Tizilombo taumunthu tikufanana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo topatsa magazi touluka.
Tizirombo tating'ono kwambiri, ali ndi thupi lathyathyathya. Matendawa ali ndi mutu wawung'ono ndipo alibe mapiko. Kukula kwa kachilombo wamkulu ndi pafupi 3 mm.
Magazi oluma munthu ali ndi miyendo 6, ndipo ali ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi kuti adumphe mtunda wautali (1.5 mita).
Tizilombo toyamwa timene timafuna kuyamwa magazi aanthu timakhala ndi zida zapakamwa. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti alowetse jakisoni ndikutulutsa madzi ofiira mosavuta m'matumba.
Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti pali utitiri
Mutha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa majeremusi oyamwa magazi ngati muphunzira kuluma kwake. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti utoto wa munthu umakhala pamitu yawo. Koma zenizeni, tizilombo tanthu timakhala omasuka kukhazikika kumaso, manja, khosi, kumbuyo, miyendo kapena m'mimba.
Kulumwa ndi majeremusi opanda mapiko ndizowawa kwambiri, motero akumva bwino.
Zizindikiro za utitiri mwa anthu:
- kupezeka kwa malo owoneka bwino pamalo openyera.
- Madontho a kapezi amatupa ndi kuyabwa.
- Mukaphatikiza, mabala ndi abrasions zimawonekera.
- Ngati matenda alowa m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwapo, zilonda zam'mimba.
Nthenga za munthu zikaaluma khungu, mosiyana ndi nsabwe, kuluma kwake kumakhala kowawa. Nthawi yomweyo, majeremusi omwe amasankha magazi a anthu amakhala mafoni komanso amalumpha bwino.
Momwe mungachotsere tizilombo
Pali njira zambiri zobweretsera utitiri mwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ngati m'nyumba muli nyama, ndiye kuti ndizofunikira kusamalira tsitsi la petetyo ndi shampoo kapena njira zapadera. Popewa, kolala yapadera iyenera kuvalidwa pamphaka kapena galu.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa kwathunthu m'nyumba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyeretse bwino zopota, mipando ndi zofunda pomwe nyama zigona.
Zomwe kutentha zimathandizira kuthana ndi mapiko. Mutha kutsuka zovala m'madzi otentha kwambiri kapena kupatsirana mchipindacho tsiku ladzuwa.
Komanso, kuzizira kumathandizira kuthetsa majeremusi amunthu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa nyumba nthawi zambiri momwe kungathekere. Koma njirayi siyabwino kwa munthu yemwe amakonda kuzizira.
Njira zothandiza pochotsa tizirombo toyamwa magazi a anthu - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba kapena wowerengeka. Ndi kuperewera kwenikweni kwa zinthu ngati izi, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwitsira tizilombo.
Mankhwala
Popeza utitiri amadya magazi okha, pali mndandanda wawung'ono wazomwe akuchotsa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yamtunduwu samadya nyambo.
Pofuna kuthana ndi utitiri mwa anthu, mitundu iwiri ya othandizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Gardex, WOPEREKA KWAMBIRI, Rat Rat, Ban Ban
Kuyimitsidwa ndi ufa
Cypermethrin, Get, Tetramethrin-pyrethroid
Momwe mungasungire utitiri pa thupi la munthu komanso momwe mungawoperere utali wochokera kwa munthu? Popeza Pulex irritans sikhala pagululi pamwini wake, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito njira zamphamvu zowawononga.
Koma pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, mutha kuchiza khungu ndi kukonzekera komwe kununkhira kwake kumachotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta anthu.
Kuyang'anira tizilombo
Kuteteza ntchentche zapadera ndikofunikira ngati kuchuluka kwa majeremusi amtundu wa anthu ndikokwanira kwambiri ndipo simungathe kuwachotsa nokha. Ogwira ntchito zaukhondo komanso maofesi aboma omwe amayang'anira matenda ophera tizilombo angathe kugwira ntchito mwamanyumba.
Njira yochotsera imatenga mphindi 20 kapena 60. Services amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zogwira ntchito - chazizira komanso chotentha.
Mankhwala amabalalika m'malovu ochepa omwe amayandama mlengalenga kwa maola ena 4-7. Ndondomeko amachotsa utitiri wamkulu ndi mazira.
Zithandizo Zabwino Kwa Ana
Nthaka mwa munthu pa thupi sizikhala kwamuyaya. Tizilombo timasunthira khungu kuti tikakwane, kenako nkubwereranso kumalo awo (zofunda, mabatani, makhwawa).
Poganizira izi, palibe chifukwa chochitira thupi mwapadera. Koma ngati pali tizilombo tambiri taumunthu ndipo timaluma nthawi zonse kuti titeteze khungu lamwana wakhanda, kugwiritsa ntchito shampoo yapadera yanthaka kungathandize.
Thupi la mwana limatha kuthandizidwa mosamala lomwe lingachititse kuti tiziromboti tiziyamwa magazi. Kuti muchotse zisonyezo zosasangalatsa, hydrogen peroxide ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira umayikidwa kumasamba oluma. Kuyambira kuyabwa ntchito Fenistil.
Kodi nthata imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chomera pa nyama
Nthaka zimangodya magazi a zinyama zokha (kuphatikizapo anthu), komanso mbalame. Matenda opatsirana angapangitse kuti khungu lizivulala komanso kuyabwa kwambiri. Ngakhale nyama zambiri zimakhala ndi chitetezo chambiri pambuyo poti ziwonjezeke kapena mobwerezabwereza, nthawi zina anthu (makamaka anthu) amatha kulimbikitsidwa atakhala ndikuwonekera.
Mitundu yomwe imakhudza anthu ndi ziweto imaphatikizapo:
- kathengo (Ctenocephalides felis),
- otchedwa nthochi ya anthu (Pulex irritans),
- galu utitiri (Ctenocephalides canis),
- nthambo yolimba (Echidnophaga gallinacea),
- utoto wolowera (Tunga penetrans),
- Tizilombo ta nkhuku ku Europe (Ceratophyllus gallinae), yemwe timatsuka tizirombo pa nkhuku,
- Western Chicken Flea (Ceratophyllus niger) ku United States.
Utoto wina womwe umadya kwambiri makoswe kapena mbalame nthawi zina umamenya anthu, makamaka pakakhala kuti palibe amene amakhala nawo. Makoswe akamwalira ndi matenda a bubonic, utitiri wawo wanjala, wodzipatsira ndi mliri ndi kufunafuna chakudya kwina, angathe kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu, makamaka mnyumba zopezeka ndi makoswe.
Tizilombo ta nthito chakum'mawa (Xenopsylla cheopis) ndiomwe timanyamula matenda ambiri, koma mitundu ina ya nthomba (mwachitsanzo Nosopsyllus flaviatus, Xenopsylla brasiliensis, Pulex allerans) imathanso kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu. Ngakhale pali zochitika za mliri m'malo otentha komanso madera ena ofunda, matenda aanthu amatha kuthandizidwa kudziwa ngati ali ndi matenda oyamba ndi mankhwala.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mliri (mliri wa m'nkhalango) ndi matenda ofala pakati pa mitundu itatu yazokhalitsa padziko lonse lapansi yomwe imathandizidwa mwa izi ndi nthata zomwe zimayambitsa nyama izi. Amadziwika kuti mitundu yoposa 100 ya utitiri imatha kudwala mliri wakubadwa, ndipo mitundu ina 10 ndiomwe imanyamula mtundu wamalonda am'mizinda.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Tizilombo Tizilombo
Utoto wina (mwachitsanzo, utitiri wa kalulu) umakhala wachindunji pakusankha kwawo, pomwe mitundu ina imafanana ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Mphaka wamphaka amavala osati mphaka wamba, komanso agalu, nkhandwe, mongooses ,amu, nyalugwe ndi zinyama zina, kuphatikizira anthu, ngati eni ake wamba sanapezeke.
Zinyama zofananira, monga lamulo, zimagwirizana pa utitiri, zomwe zimalumikizana. Chifukwa chake, nsonga za akalulu (Ochotona) okhala m'miyala yamatayala amapezeka ndi mitundu iwiri ya utitiri, yomwe imapezekanso pamapiri a Asia, zomwe zikuwonetsa mgwirizano wapakati pa phylogenetic pakati pa makamu olekanawo. Mbalame zamtundu posachedwapa zasintha momwe ziliri ndi eni ake. Amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri zomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masalaki kumtunda kwa chifuwa, komwe kumakonza nthenga.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nyani sizidyetsa utitiri, komanso mahatchi komanso ambiri osatulutsa. Gulu la parasitic la zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa kwambiri ndi makoswe. Chizolowezi chawo chomanga zisa m'maenje chimathandizira kukula kwa mphutsi. Nyama zopanda nyumba yopanda kukhazikika zimakonda kulolera utoto wocheperako.
Ngakhale abambo awiri onse omwe amagonana mwachangu komanso mobwerezabwereza amadya magazi, amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, ngakhale atakhala kuti akukhala nawo. Mwachitsanzo, nthenga za kalulu zimatha kukhalako miyezi isanu ndi inayi pakatenthe kapenanso kuzizira kwake osadyetsa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Little Flea
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo Ali ndi magawo anayi a moyo - dzira, mphutsi, chrysalis ndi wamkulu. Mazira oyera oyera a Pearl amayikidwa pa thupi, chisa kapena malo okhala chiweto.
Mphutsi ndi yaying'ono komanso yopanda miyendo ndipo imadyera zinyalala monga zidutswa zouma, zikopa zouma, nkhupakupa zakufa kapena magazi owuma omwe amapezeka pachisa. Nthaka zakale zimadutsa mwachangu, magazi obwera m'matumbo kuti apange ndowe za ana awo, zomwe ndizofunikira pakuchita bwino kwa michere ya nthata zina.
Pambuyo poti ma molts atatu (m'malo osowa, awiri), mphutsizo zimaphulika chokoleti cha silika, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zinyalala kuchokera pachisa ndikulowa gawo la zidole. Bomba limasandulika kukhala wamkulu m'masiku angapo kapena miyezi. Mitundu ina imatha kulowa chitukuko chakumapeto kwa gawo la ana ndipo sidzakhala akulu mpaka pomwe wowonekerayo akuonekera. Kutengera mtundu kapena momwe zinthu zilili, nthawi yomwe moyo wathunthu umafunikira imasiyanasiyana kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi ingapo.
Chochititsa chidwi: Kutalika kwa moyo wa munthu wachikulire zakale kuchokera pa milungu ingapo (mwachitsanzo, Echidnophaga gallinacea) mpaka chaka kapena kupitirira (Pulex allerans).
Makulidwe amoyo a nthata ya kalulu ku Europe (Spilopsyllus cuniculi) ndi mwini wake amagwirizana bwino. Kukula kwa kugonana kwa uthengo waimuna ndi wamkazi kumayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mahomoni ogonana a kalulu. Chifukwa chake, mazira a nthenga zazikazi amakula bwino pokhapokha akamadya pa kalulu woyembekezera.
Akalulu ang'ono akabadwa, amuna ndi akazi onse amtundu waukhondo amakula ndi kubereka amake kuti amupatse anapiye ndi zisa, pomwe amadzakwatirana ndi kuyikira mazira, motero zimapatsa mphutsi malo oyenera kutukuka. Ngati mahomoni achigololo a kalulu wamkazi amayang'aniridwa mwatsatanetsatane ndikuyambitsa kwa kupanga progestin (njira zakulera), kukula kwa chiwerewere cha nthenga zazikazi kumalekeranso.
Ngakhale mlandu wofananawo sunadziwikebe pakati pa mitundu ina ya athengo, akuti makoswe otetemera amakhala opanda chonde ngati amadya mbewa za mbewa kuposa makolo awo, komanso kuti nthata ya m'mimba (Leptopsylla segnis) imakhala yachonde kwambiri ngati yakula pamabanja kuposa mbewa za munthu wamkulu. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti mphamvu ya mahomoni opanga ndiofalikira kuposa momwe timayembekezera.
Njira Yachitukuko cha Anthu
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nthomba ya munthu ndikofanana ndi mitundu inanso ya tizilombo tosavomerezeka. Kusiyana kokhako ndikuyika mazira ambiri ndi akazi (2000 moyo wake wonse) ndi magawo a akulu.
Magazi amapitilira magawo anayi a chitukuko:
Ikadzaza, yaikazi imayika mazira m'malo osiyanasiyana - ma bedi, ubweya, zovala, sofas, rugs ndi zina zotero. Kusasitsa kwa dzira kumachitika pafupifupi masiku awiri.
Pambuyo pa kuwaswa, mphutsi zimayamba kugwira mwachangu mankhwala opha tizilombo akuluakulu ndi zinyalala zina. Pulex irritans amapambana magawo angapo a chitukuko, kenako amakondana.
Kuti mutuluke mu cocoine, majeremusi amafunika malo abwino. Chifukwa chake, nthawi kuchokera pakukhazikitsidwa kwa dzira kupita kumtunda kwa munthu watsopano imatha kukhala masiku 15 mpaka chaka.
Adani achilengedwe a utoto
Chithunzi: Kodi nthata imawoneka bwanji?
Adani a utoto ndi anthu omwe mwa njira iliyonse amayesera kuti awachotse. Mukamalimbira nthata, ndibwino kusinthanso nthawi yomweyo chisa cha wolandirayo, kapena dera la zinyalala, komwe ndi malo operekera utoto, ndi wogwidwa ndi kachiromboka, popeza magawo amphutsi ndi aubwana nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali ndi thupilo.
Kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo, fumbi la malonda, utsi kapena eerosol yomwe ili ndi kachilombo kapena chiwongolero cha kukula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, kumadera ena, utitiri umakhala kuti sugwirizana ndi mankhwala ena, ndipo zida zatsopano zimafunikira.Pofuna kuthana ndi mphutsi ndi utitiri wachikulire kutali ndi omwe akugwiritsidwapo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena kukula kwa mbewu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala ndi pobisalira nyama zomwe zakhudzidwa. Zobwezeretsera zimatha kukhala zothandiza popewa kuukira kwa nthomba.
Zamoyo zamkati zimasokonekera pamene kutentha kumatsika pansi pa 21 digiri Celsius kapena kugwa kwambiri kwa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, kutsuka kwambiri ma shiti kapena kusiya zinthu panja nthawi yachisanu kumatha kuthandiza kuthana ndi matenda otetemera pamene njira zina zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira zodzitetezera zingakuthandizeni kupewetsa zipsera komanso kukwiyitsa ziweto. Ndikosavuta kupewa utitiri m'malo mochotsa matenda. Zitha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti tichotsere utitiri, chifukwa magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo wa utali amatha kusungidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana obisika m'nyumba ndi ziweto, kupewa vacuum kapena njira zina zakuthupi ndi mankhwala kuti ziwonongeke.
Kodi chiwopsezo kwa anthu ndi chiani?
Koyamba, utitiri wa anthu umawoneka wopanda vuto. Kupatula apo, ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndipo madontho ofiira ang'onoang'ono amakhalabe pamalopo awo.
Komabe, m'dera lomwe tizilombo timene timamwa magazi, nthawi zambiri zimachitika.
Vutoli limawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chifuwa.:
- mutu
- zotupa
- makulidwe a mwanabele,
- kupembedzera
- mantha
- zilonda zapakhosi ndi pakamwa,
- vuto la kugona
- malungo.
M'malo a nthata zoluma, kupweteka kwambiri kumachitika. Wopopa magazi amalowetsa enzyme pachilondacho chomwe chimalepheretsa magazi kuzika.
Thupi lawo silikuyenda mosiyanasiyana, hepatitis C ndi B, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tularemia, encephalitis amaonedwa ngati vuto lalikulu kwambiri la kufalitsa nthata mwa anthu. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kuluma kwa nthomba kumatsogolera ku kukulira kwa mliri waku Siberia, komwe m'zaka zana zapitazo anthu 10 aliwonse amamwalira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Ngakhale kuphatikiza kwa ma taxonomic pamagulu azisamba kutengera kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa mawonekedwe amtundu, amawonetsa kusiyana pakati pamagulu. Pa mabanja kapenanso generic, gulu limatengera mawonekedwe amutu ndi chifuwa, malo okhala zisa, kusintha kwa ziwalo zamkati wamwamuna ndi ziwalo zoberekera zazikazi, hetotaxia (makonzedwe a setae) ndi machitidwe ena.
Ziwerengero za utoto masiku ano zitha kugawidwa m'mabanja angapo abwino, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito. Dongosolo wamba limazindikira mabanja 10 apamwamba, kuphatikiza Pulicoidea, Malacopsylloidea, Ceratophylloidea, Coptopsylloidea, Ancistropsylloidea, Pygiopsylloidea, Macropsylloidea, Stephanocircidoidea, Vermipsylloidea ndi Hystrichopsylloidea.
Makina ena amatha kuzindikira mabanja asanu kapena asanu ndi atatu. Dongosolo lalikulu limafotokoza mabanja asanu oyamba kwambiri oyambira kale, omwe adatsimikizidwa mu 1982 ndi Francis Gerard Albert Maria Smith. Pambuyo pake, akatswiri ena adadalira njirayi, kuyambitsa magulu atsopano kapena kuphatikiza magulu omwe alipo, motengera kufanana kapena kusiyana m'mapangidwe am'mimba, mutu ndi chifuwa.
Dongosolo ili ndi motere:
- superfamily Pulicoidea. Mulinso utoto wamphaka ndi agalu, utoto wamakoko am'mawa, utitiri wolimba ndi utitiri wa anthu, zolowa pansi, mbalame zamtundu wa kalulu ndi kalulu. Kuphatikiza banja la Pulicidae, ndi genera Pulex, Xenopsylla, Tunga ndi ena,
- superfamily Malacopsylloidea. Utoto wonse wapamwamba kwambiriwu umapezeka makoswe. Kuphatikiza mabanja awiri, Malacopsyllidae ndi Rhopalopsyllidae,
- superfamily Ceratophylloidea. Nthambi zopangidwa ndi nyama zambiri zopezekazi zimapezeka mu makoko ndi mileme. Mitambo yonse yopanda mawonekedwe omwe adalembedwa m'mabanja ena atatu abwino kwambiri ndi a Ceratophylloidea, omwe akuphatikizapo mabanja khumi ndi awiri,
- superfamily Vermipsylloidea. Awa ndi utoto wokongola. Chosangalatsa kwambiri chimakhala ndi banja limodzi Vermipsyllidae,
- superfamily Hystrichopsylloidea. Awa makamaka makola utoto. Ndiofala padziko lonse lapansi. Mulinso mabanja awiri, Hystrichopyllidae ndi Ctenophthalmidae.
Achikazi ndi amodzi mwa majeremusi amphaka, agalu ndi ziweto zina. Makamaka, akukhulupilira kuti mphaka aliyense ndi galu amadwala matenda amtundu nthawi inayake m'miyoyo yawo. Sikuti ntchentche zokha sizingakhale bwino, zingakhalenso zosasangalatsa kwa chiweto ndikuzipangitsa kukhala zosasangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, nkhondo yolimbana ikuchitika motsutsana ndi utitiri.
Mayankho ku mafunso odziwika
Pali mafunso angapo okhudza utitiri wa anthu, mayankho omwe anthu ambiri amafuna kudziwa. Chifukwa chake, ambiri akuganiza ngati utitiri ungakhale mu tsitsi la munthu. Monga tanenera pamwambapa, tizilombo tokhala opanda mapiko sakhala nthawi zonse nyama zomwe zimayamwa. Koma kuti zitheke, majeremusi amatha kukwera kumadera onse amunthu, kuphatikiza mutu.
Kodi utitiri umakhala kuti? Ma bloodsuckers amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi kasupe wa chakudya, koma mu ngodya zobisika.
Malo okondweretsa omwe majeremusi amakhala:
- matambula
- zinyalala zazing'ono,
- chapansi
- zogonana
- pantry
- zofikira
- zovala
- matabwa oyenda
- chapamwamba
- mipando yamphongo.
M'malo onsewa, tizilombo samangokhala, komanso kubereka.
Ndi zingati zingati zomwe zimamwa magazi amunthu zomwe zimakhala? Kutalika kwa moyo wa majeremusi ndi miyezi iwiri. Pamaso pabwino, tizilombo timatha kupitilira zaka 1.5.
Chifukwa chiyani utitiri sukumakhala mwa anthu? Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimalepheretsa owononga magazi kukhala pamthupi la munthu. Chifukwa choyamba ndikuti anthu amakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi kuposa agalu kapena amphaka. Chinthu chachiwiri - anthu amayang'ana zaukhondo, chachitatu - anthu alibe ubweya wakuda pomwe tizilombo timatha kubisala.
Utoto umapezeka bwanji m'nyumba
M'nyumba za anthu, utoto ndimachitika wamba; mzipinda zambiri sizachilendo. Nthaka zimakhala pansi, koma zimafika pamwamba. Njira zazikulu zolowera:
- pamodzi ndi nyama yokhala ndi kachilombo
- kuchokera m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi,
- kuchokera m'nyumba yapafupipafupi.
Kuti mudziwe kachilombo m'nyumba, muyenera kudziwa utoto wamtundu wanji ndi komwe amakonda kukhazikika. Kuthengo, uthengo umakhala mu udzu komanso pansi pa miyala. Malo omwe amawakonda mnyumba ndi matabwa onyentchera, ming'alu, makapeti ndi mipando yapamwamba. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi kulemera kwa tinyama imalola kuti tizilombo tizitha kubisala mosavuta ndipo ndizovuta kudziwa. Ndiosavuta kuzindikira kuti tiziromboti pamtunda wopepuka. Muyenera kufalitsa pepala loyera pansi kapena kuphimba ndi sofa. Mawanga amdima omwe adawonekerapo ndi utitiri womwe udatuluka kutuluka kwawo kufunafuna chakudya.
Kodi utoto wa anthu umachokera kuti?
Kuti mupeze tizilombo tokwanira tamadwala timatha kukhazikika mu tsitsi la agalu, makoswe, mbalame kapena amphaka. Chifukwa chake, ziweto zambiri nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa majeremusi m'nyumba za eni.
Komanso, utoto mwa anthu umatha kuwoneka pambuyo poyenda mumsewu, pomwe tizirombo tinali ndi mwayi wolumphira zovala ndi nsapato. Nthawi zambiri, majeremusi amtundu wa anthu amalowa m'zipinda zazitali kapena kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo. 90% ya tizilombo timakhala m'chipinda chapansi, momwe chimalowa molowera mchipinda chocheperamo kudzera m'makoma ndi zingwe.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthomba yomwe iluma munthu ndi mtundu wina wa tizilombo. Pulex Irritans ndi chotsatira cha masinthidwe ndi mawonekedwe a malo. Koma ngakhale atapangidwe amtunduwu, amatha kuwonongeka ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pakuchotsa majeremusi ena.
Kuyang'anira
Ndikosatheka kuthana ndi utitiri mothandizidwa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba, ndizoyenera ngati prophylactic. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuwonongeka ndi mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala: ma ufa ndi ma erosos. Ziribe kanthu kukula kwakeali ndi zaka zingati komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe adazipeza mchipindacho - chothandizira champhamvu champhamvu chiziwathandiza mwachangu komanso moyenera.
Tizilomboti timalowa kachilomboka.Ayenera kubalalika m'malo opanga utoto: mozungulira mipanda yazipinda zapafupi ndi mipando, pansi pa mipando, kumbuyo kwa mabatire. Malonda odziwika kwambiri a ufa:
Zodzaza ndizotetezeka kwa anthu komanso zakufa chifukwa cha utitiri. Koma mankhwalawa amagwira pakungogwirizana ndi thupi la kachilombo. Kuti muchotse majeremusi onse, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuwonjezera ufa.
Ma Aerosols amachita nthawi yomweyo. Amalowa mthupi la utitiri palimodzi ndi mpweya, motero amatha kukhala owopsa kwa anthu. Musanakonzere nyumbayo, muyenera kuyeretsa konyowa, kusuntha mipando kutali ndi makoma, ndikuchotsa zojambula. Pukuta pamalo onse, tsekani mawindo ndi zitseko mwamphamvu ndipo osalowa m'chipindacho kwa maola osachepera 6. Kenako yambitsaninso chinyontho chotsegulira ndikutsegula mawindo onse kuti muzitha zotsalira.
Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe
Chingwe chitha kuwoneka nthawi zonse, mosasamala nthawi yachaka chokhala ndi mwini wakeyo kapena nyumba yake. Zonyamula zazikulu ndi zinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi chisa, dzenje, kapena kukhala m'nyumba. Mitundu ina ya utoto imakhala zisa zomwe zatsala nthawi yayitali. Nyama zopanda nyumba sizikhala ndi nyumba zawo, chifukwa chake utoto wawo umakhala pachaka chonse, umaberekanso ana. Tizilombo timayamwa magazi mosaganizira jenda kuyambira miniti imodzi mpaka maola angapo. Chakudya chikatha, tizilomboti timatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali (miyezi) popanda chakudya, koma kenako zimasokoneza wolandirayo ndi umbombo.
Zosangalatsa! Kudumpha kwa ntchentche ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa thupi lake.
Kodi utoto umadya magazi a anthu?
Nthaka zonse zachikulire zimangodya magazi okha. Chifukwa chake, amasankha cholengedwa cha magazi ofunda. Chakudya chikasunthika kapena chikufa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kufa ndi njala.
Pakakhala palibe nyama pafupi ndi majeremusi, amamwa magazi a anthu. Chifukwa chake, tizirombo tikawonekera mnyumbamo, choyamba ndikofunika kuwachotsera ziweto.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti utitiri wa anthu pakalibe anthu amathanso kudya magazi a mbalame ndi nyama.
Kodi ndimatenda ati omwe amanyamula?
Kudziluma wokha sikowopsa ndipo kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chokha kwa anthu omwe sakonda ziwengo. Koma ndikakuluma, amatha kupatsira omwe akuvutika ndi matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo oyambawo:
- salmonellosis - matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro pafupi ndi poyizoni wa chakudya,
- brucellosis - imakhudza minofu yamkati ya thupi, imatha kuyambitsa kulumala,
- tularemia - imayambitsa kutentha kwambiri, imakhudza dongosolo la lymphatic,
- listeriosis - matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, amayambitsa kukomoka,
- Matenda a Chagas - matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zovuta zomwe zimakhudza magulu onse amthupi
- mliri - matenda omwe amakhudza minyewa yam'mimba ndipo amayambitsa minyewa kuwonongeka.
Nthaka ku Russia ndizambiri. Kuti mupewe matenda, ndikofunika kusamala ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zikafika mnyumba, zichotseni mwachangu.
Kodi zimatha kufalikira kuchokera ku amphaka kapena agalu?
Nthaka imaluma nyama zokhala ndi magazi ofunda, ndipo magazi a agalu ndi amphaka ndi otentha kuposa aanthu. Chifukwa chake, kwa ziweto zopanda mapiko zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi malo osavuta kukhalamo.
Nthawi zambiri, omasulira magazi atadzala kuchokera pagulupo, amafunafuna malo abwino pomwe angaikire mazira. Ali pamenepo mpaka kumayambiriro kwanjala. Ngati nthawi imeneyi munthu amakhala pafupi ndi tizirombo, ndiye kuti ayamba kumwa magazi ake.
Koma owononga magazi nthawi zina amadumpha kuchokera kwa galu kapena mphaka kupita kwa munthu. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti chiwetocho chinkakonda kulemba Pulex irritans.
Tizilombo timasankha mwini wake ndi fungo. Momwe chakudya chopatsa chikanunkhira kwambiri, zimakopa kwambiri magazi.
Mwayi wopeza utitiri kuchokera kwa agalu kapena amphaka umawonjezeka ngati munthu alowa m'malo achitetezo chamagazi. Zikatero, tizilombo timayamba kumwa magazi a nyama iliyonse yamagazi ofunda yomwe izikhala pafupi.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani. Tidzakonza, ndipo mudzakhala ndi + karma
Chidwi ndi nthomba
Nthaka ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe tachita chidwi ndi asayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Mutha kutsimikizira izi pophunzira mfundo zosangalatsa za utoto:
- Pokhala ndi moyo wopendekera wazaka ziwiri, ntchentche yachikulire imatha kudya popanda zaka 1.5.
- Nthaka zimalekerera kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo imatha kukhala ku North Pole. Sawopa ngakhale kuchuluka kwa radiation.
- Nthaka ndi chimodzi mwazilombo zakale zomwe sizinasinthepo pa mbiri ya madola mamiliyoni ambiri: mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake sanasinthe.
- Chingwe chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - Hystrichopsylla schefferi. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika 13 mm.
- Nthaka zimangodya magazi a nyama zokhala ndi magazi ofunda, zimapatsira omwe amanyamula ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Tizilombo tokha sitivutika nawo.
- Thambo limatha kudumpha 1.5 m, pomwe limapitilira kutalika kwa thupi lake nthawi 100. Kuti izi zitheke, munthu ayenera kudumpha mamita 160.
- Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, anthu ankakakamizidwa kuti aziloleza zopezeka m'nyumba zawo nthawi zonse. Amayi olemekezeka omwe amavala mawigi amagwiritsa ntchito chovala chapadera kuti atulutse utitiri ndikuchotsa kuyabwa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kuluma.
Fleas adayamba kuphunzira mwachangu m'zaka za zana la 19. Mpainiyayo komanso wasayansi wolemekezeka kwambiri yemwe asonkhanitsa chopereka chachikulu kwambiri cha tizilombo toyamwa magazi - C. Rothschild. Ntchito zake zidakhala maziko opanga gulu lamakono.
Onerani kanema wokhudza utoto:
Kodi utitiri wonyamula nyumbayo amachokera kuti ndikuwachotsa bwanji?
Nthambi mu nyumba amapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, nthata zimabweretsedwa mnyumbayo ndi ziweto - agalu ndi amphaka. Ngakhale hamster kapena tambala wothawa amatha kubwerera kunyumba ndi tiziromboti ngati khomo lakutsogolo la nyumbayo lili lauve komanso zitseko zapansi zatseguka.
Njira zazikulu zogawirira utoto:
- Kuyanjana kwa ziweto pamsewu ndi nyama zosokera. Kulumikizana ndi ziweto zina zomwe zimakhala ndi kachilombo kale. Utoto wambiri womwe umakhala m'mizinda yayikulu sukusamala kuti chakudya ndi ndani - galu kapena galu, motero amasamutsidwa kuchoka kumphaka kupita ku amphaka ndi mosemphanitsa.
- Yard amawotcha chilimwe. M'nyengo yotentha, utitiri umachulukana ndi kuyikira mazira, omwe nthawi zambiri, limodzi ndi tsitsi kapena polumikizana ndi udzu kapena zitsamba, amalowa mu udzu, pomwe amatengedwa ndi nyama zosadziwika - amabweretsa kunyumba ndi ubweya kapena ubweya.
- Nyumba zapansi. Zipinda zofunda ndi zofunda momwe makoswe, mbewa, amphaka opanda nyumba, anthu opanda nyumba amakhala, ndikuchokapo utoto wapansi. Mukapanda kusamala ndi zaukhondo m'nyumba, ndiye kuti utitiri udzafalikira bwinobwino pakhonde, kenako m'manja mwao, mwa tsitsi la nyama, pazovala za anthu, amakhala kumapeto.
Kodi utitiri amabisala kuti m'nyumba?
Ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti ntchentche zimakhazikika pa nyama yawo, mwachitsanzo, pa mphaka kapena galu, sizili choncho. Nthaka sizimayendetsa mapaketi ndipo sizimapanga zisa, ndipo ngati asaka aulere amauzunza wothirayo kuti athetse ludzu la magazi, kenako ndikubisala m'malo obisika.
Komabe utitiri wowerengeka udawonekera mnyumba ndipo posakhalitsa anthu okhalamo sadzasangalatsa. Nthaka zimachulukana mwachangu, ndipo popeza zilibe chisa chofotokozedwa bwino, tizilombo timabalalitsa kulikonse komwe zimapita. Chifukwa chakutha kulumpha mwachangu komanso kutali, nyumba yonseyo imakhala malo okhala tiziromboti.
Ngati amphaka kapena agalu akukhala m'nyumba, ndiye mu chikhoto chawo chomaliza, pambuyo pake kudya, amayikira mazira. Mazira okhathamira oyamba amayamba kulumikizidwa ku chovalacho, kenako mayiyo amawuma ndi mazira agwera pansi mnyumbayo, pomwe izi sizinaloseredwe.
Malo akuluakulu omwe muyenera kuyang'ana utitiri m'nyumba yopatsirana:
- pansi ndi zoyang'ana pafupi zonse pamtunda wa mita imodzi ndi theka,
- kuseri kwa mabolodi ojambulira, muming'alu ndi zokutira, kumbuyo kwazithunzi zochokera pansi,
- zofunda, makapeti ndi malo ena okondedwa omwe amapuma,
- m'malo pomwe panali utitiri wambiri mnyumba - mabedi, sofa ndi zofunda.
Mikhalidwe yosayera komanso chidetso cha anthu okhala mu nyumbayo imangokulitsa vutoli ndikupatsa utoto mwayi wonse wopulumuka bwino ndi kubereka mchipindacho ndi kulanda magawo atsopano - oyandikana nawo.
Zizindikiro zakuwoneka ngati utoto m'nyumba
Zachidziwikire kudziwa mawonekedwe a utoto m'chipindacho ndipo musawasokoneze mwachitsanzo ndi nsikidzi, muyenera kuyang'ana nyumbayo kuti muwone zizindikiro zowonekera kwambiri.
- Zipsera ndi ziweto zachilendo - nkhawa, kukwiya kwa mphaka kapena galu.
- Pali zotupa pakhungu, zofanana ndi ziwengo kapena kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, makamaka ngati zili pamiyendo.
- Anaona madontho akuda pansi pansi kapena mipando yomwe imayenda m'madumphidwe akuthwa.
Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikirozi chikusonyezedwa momveka bwino, gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kudziwa kukula kwa matenda m'chipindacho. Izi zikuthandizira kuyang'anitsitsa nyamayo ndi zinyalala zake, kuphatikiza ubweya patsamba loyera. Mapepala oyera pansi.
Ngati utitiri wambiri m'nyumba ukapezeka, kuyeretsa konyowa kokhala ndi dichlorvos sikokwanira, koma konzani chizunzo chokwanira.
Kodi nthata ndizowopsa bwanji kwa anthu?
Kuoneka kwa utitiri m'chipindamo kumabweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa komanso kuluma kochepa kochepa chabe pazomwe zonse zimatha kukhala.
Ma enzyme omwe amapezeka m'chiwonetsero cha utitiri samangoyambitsa chotupa mu kuluma, amayambitsanso kuyipa kosasangalatsa ndipo amatha kuchiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yopweteka. Pankhaniyi, matenda amatha kulowa m'mabala. Komanso, zovuta mu mawonekedwe a thupi lawo siligwirizana.
Kuthekera kwa matenda amodzi mwa matenda omwe amatengedwa ndi utitiri ndikwabwino. Nthaka imatha kupatsira anthu matenda opitilira 25, kuphatikiza Bubonic mlaza, typhus, encephalitis ndi hepatitis. Nthaka zimafalitsa mphutsi ndipo ndizophatikiza ndi nyongolotsi zapakatikati, monga nematode.
Kusamalira ziweto ndi zovuta, kuphatikiza matenda opatsirana. Kuyamwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kuluma kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizikhala ndi mantha. Kupweteka kumazunza. Matenda osiyanasiyana a pakhungu ndi otheka, chithandizo chomwe chizunzanso nyama.
Kuwonongeka kwa utitiri m'nyumba mu St. Petersburg
Ngati munthu m'modzi kapena awiri apezeka m'chipinda chomwe mulibe ziweto, ndizotheka kupereka njira zothandizidwa ndi utitiri. Nthaka sizimalola fungo labwino, nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito masamba a chitsamba kapena ma tansy a ku Persia, utuchi wa pine kapena zokutira, chisakanizo cha mchere wa tebulo ndi koloko kapena turpentine wamba. Chachikulu ndikukusunthirani ndikununkhiza modekha komanso moleza mtima kapena muchokere m'nyumba masiku angapo.
Komabe, wowerengeka azitsamba sathandizidwanso kuchokera ku gulu lalikulu lanyama mu nyumba kapena nyumba;
Kuwonongeka kwa utitiri m'nyumba, m'nyumba, chapansi zopangidwa ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zotsatira nthawi yomweyo. Wotsimikizika Wamakono nthambo imapha sangasiyirepo mwayi amodzi mwa tiziromboti, osavulaza ana ndi ziweto.
Musadziyike nokha ndi okondedwa anu pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana ndi majeremusi, musavutike chifukwa chakuluma kwa nthomba - iwowo sangachoke kwanu. Imbani akatswiri a ntchito yathu ya SES - tsiku lomwelo tikutsimikiziridwa kuti tidzakupulumutsani ku utitiri!
Mitundu yazomera
Pali mabanja pafupifupi 22 a utoto omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Nthaka zamunthu ndizomwe zimapezeka kwambiri. Tizilombo tofiirira tofikira 3.2 mm kutalika, kutumphuka kwa masentimita 30, kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Mulibe mano ndi chifuwa. Amakasirira magazi aanthu ndi nyama.Amatenga causative othandizira mliri, ndiye chifukwa cha pulicosis. Magazi amayamwa mpaka mphindi 20, amamugaya kwa maola 6.
- Mphaka wamphaka amalowa nyama zonse, ngakhale anthu. Amakhala ndi matenda ambiri. Mphutsi zimakula mu tsitsi la nyama ndi pogona. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 5 mm, zazikazi zowonjezereka - mpaka 1.6 masentimita. Khalani ndi zaka ziwiri.
- Tizilombo ta agalu timakhala pa agalu, amphaka ndi anthu. Amanyamula ma fuluwombo ndi majeremusi ena, ndiye amasunga othandizira a miliri, khate, Marseilles fever. Kukula mpaka 5 mm, kumakhala mpaka zaka 1.5.
- Tizilombo ta makoswe timadziwika kuti ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri womwe umanyamula mliri, mbewa ndi mbewa. Kutalika kwa akazi ndi 2.7 mm., Amuna - 2 mm. Mtunduwu umayambira bulauni mpaka kumdima. Akazi amayikira mazira pachisa.
- Utoto wa Tien Shan, monga momwe dzinalo limasonyezera, amakhala ku Tien Shan. Yaikazi yothira umuna imakweza kutalika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizioneka ngati nyongolotsi. Kutalika kwa amuna ndi 4 mm., Akazi ndi 5 mm., Wakuda. Nthaka zimadziwonetsera nthawi yozizira, kuchokera ku malo achisanu kupita ku gulu la ziweto. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhala chokulirapo, posintha mtundu kukhala woyera.
- Tizilombo ta udzu (kutalika mpaka 3 mm.) Miyoyo pamitengo, zitsamba, mu udzu, mothandizidwa ndi ziweto imalowa mnyumba. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina pakukhala ndi mapiko.
- Nthaka zolowera (mchenga, dothi la ku Brazil) zimachokera ku Haiti, Brazil. Kutalika kwa 1 mm, kudumpha kutalika mpaka 35 mm. Yaikazi yothira feteleza imakhala yozungulira mpaka masentimita 1. Amakhala mu udzu wouma, amalumpha anthu, mbalame ndi nyama. Amuna amamwa magazi, ndipo akazi amagwera pansi pa khungu la miyendo ya nyama kapena misomali yaumunthu, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa, tetanus, yomwe imalowetsedwa ndi gangrene, kuduladula, ndipo nthawi zina amafa.
Amasiyanitsa mtundu - chingwe chogona chomwe chimakhala pampando wamiyala, nsalu yogona (dzina lina la nsalu). Kuluma munthu usiku m'malo a thupi ndi khungu loonda kwambiri.
Kodi utitiri umakhala kuti?
Nthaka zimakhala pamakondomu onse, kuphatikiza ku Antarctica, zisa ndi zotchinga, pamatupi a nyama ndi anthu. Amagwira nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Eni ake ndi zinyama zamwazi zokhala ndi nyumba. Ngati chiweto chikukhala m dzenje (ntchentche), utitiri umamuukira pafupipafupi (kokha pakudya). Nyama zopanda malo okhala ndi malo okhala mpaka kalekale. Mitundu ina imafunika kudya pafupipafupi, chifukwa nthawi zonse imakhala pa thupi la wolandirayo. Utoto wapadziko lapansi umakhala pafupi ndi pansi (kumbuyo kwa matabwa olumphira, pamatape), amphaka amphaka ndi agalu amakhala pabedi la ziweto.
Kuzungulira kwa moyo, kubereka ndi kukulitsa nthomba
Zamoyo zomwe majeremusi amakhala ndi magawo otsatirawa:
Kutentha kosavuta kwambiri kwa kubereka ndi madigiri 18-25 (ndiye amabereka chaka chonse). Nthawi yozizira amakhala, koma osabala. Asanayambe kukhwima, abwenzi amakhala odzala. Akaziwo amakweranso mwamphongo kumbuyo kwake ndikutenga chovala chogonana. Kukalamba kumatenga maola angapo, ndipo mbewuyo imalowa m'thupi la mkazi mkati mwa mphindi 15.
Dzira likugona m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Akazi amatulutsa mazira oyera oyera kutuluka m'thupi, amatalikirana kwambiri. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mphutsi zopanda miyendo, zofanana ndi mphutsi, zimaswa. Amalowa mkati mwa chisa ndipo amadya zotulutsa, ma epithelium pakhungu, komanso zotsalira zamagazi kuchokera ku chimbudzi cha makolo. Pambuyo pa molts atatu, mphutsi imakhala chrysalis (imakulungidwa mu coco ngati silika). Gawoli limatenga masiku 5 mpaka miyezi ingapo (zimatengera nyengo). Thumba liziwoneka kuchokera pachimphepo, limafunafuna mwini wake.
Kuopsa kwa utitiri kwa anthu ndi nyama
Choopsa chachikulu cha tizilombo ndi matenda awo osiyanasiyana, mabakiteriya komanso matenda. Mthupi la mitundu ina pali ma virus ndi mabakiteriya opitilira mazana awiri omwe amachititsa matenda opha. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi ma enzymes okhala ndi mawonekedwe (kutupa, kuyabwa, kutentha thupi).
Kodi utoto umaluma bwanji munthu?
Khungu limabowola khungu ndi kuluma, nkupangitsa kuti pakhale kupweteka komanso kuyimitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, sizimatulutsa mankhwala ochititsa chidwi, koma imayambitsa ma enzyme omwe amaletsa magazi. Popeza majeremusi alibe buluzi monga udzudzu, amayenera kulowa mkati mwa khungu kuti aloŵe m'mitsempha. Malowa amaluma ngati fodya wayaka. Nthochi ikadzaza, mabala amatembenuka, omwe samalola magazi kutuluka.
Munthu aliyense amamva kuluma mosiyanasiyana. Mwa ena, kuyabwa kumadutsa mwachangu, mwa ena, zizindikiro za kutupa zimapitilira masiku angapo. Ndi pulicosis, khungu limatupa, zilonda zimatuluka pamlomo wamkamwa, ndipo khungu lamkati limakhudzidwa. Ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana kuluma kwa anthu, malungo, kuzizira, kupweteka m'mimba.
Kodi utitiri umachokera kuti m'nyumba?
Nthaka zimalowa m'nyumba osati mothandizidwa ndi ziweto. Zimadutsa zipinda zapansi, kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo, kuchokera m'malo aliwonse osayipitsidwa. Malo osayera ndi malo oyenera kuchitapo kanthu komanso kukhala ndi tiziromboti. Nthaka zam'nyumba zimakhala kuseri kwa mabatani ojambulira, ming'alu yamatanda, pamatapeti, zopondera, mipando yapamwamba komanso zofunda.
Mungamvetse bwanji kuti ntchentche zimavulala kunyumba?
Utoto wakunyumba si mitundu yosiyana. Otchedwa tizilombo omwe amakhala mchipindacho. Sizipezeka nthawi yomweyo. Kuti muwone ngati pali tizilombo kunyumba kapena ayi, mutha kuyeserera. Muyenera kufalitsa pepalalo pansi ndikuyang'ana patapita kanthawi. Tizilombo tating'ono timawoneka bwino pakuwala. Chizindikiro china cha kuwonekera kwa "alendo osapemphedwa" ndi kulumala pamatupi a munthu - ofiira, malo otupa pang'ono omwe amawoneka m'mawa, omwe ndi osangalatsa kwambiri.
Zitha bwanji?
Ndikofunikira kulimbana ndi majeremusi, mankhwala amakono azithandizira ngakhale muzochitika zapamwamba. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa komwe tizilombo timachokera mnyumbamo. Chifukwa chake, ngati ziwetozo zibweretsa utoto, ziyenera kuchiritsidwa. Ngati majeremusi akukwera kuchokera pansi kapena kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo, kutseka mipata yomwe ilipo. Kuti tithane ndi tizilomboto kunyumba, tikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda amakono omwe alibe fungo lovulala komanso osavulaza anthu ndi ziweto.