Zophatikiza muelleri Martin, 1841 = Müller Gibbon (Swinging Gibbon)

Pachilumba cha Borneo kumadera otentha nthawi zonse komanso kwamvula yamvula yotentha, Mueller Gibbon amakhala. Mtundu wa chovala chake umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku bulauni, ndipo korona wamutu ndi chifuwa okha ndi wakuda kuposa thupi lonse, lomwe kutalika kwake ndi 440-635 mm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi ndi 4-8 kg. Kuyerekeza zogonana mu gibbon wa Müller sikunafotokozeredwe konse: amuna ndi akazi ali ndi chikhalidwe chotsutsana. Gibbon wa Mueller ali ndi chimanga chakutsogolo pamiyendo, mano ataliitali (fangs), ndipo mchira, monga gibbons ena, palibe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa gibbon mwachilengedwe sizidziwika, komanso kutalika kwa moyo wawo sikudziwika. Zinyama zokhala ndi njoka komanso njoka za mitengo mwina ndi adani awo owopsa, makamaka kwa nyama zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa Muller gibbon ndi zaka pafupifupi 25, monga mitundu ina ya mtundu wa Hylobates.

Ma giboni akuluakulu a Müller ndi nyama zomwe zimayambiranso kucha, ndipo zimakhazikika usiku dzuwa lisanalowe. Ziphuphu masana nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito kuyambira maola 8 mpaka 10. Amuna nthawi zambiri amadzuka m'mbuyomu kuposa zazikazi motero amakhala otakataka kwanthawi yayitali. Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri masana kufunafuna chakudya ndikudzidyetsa okha pamakona a mitengo yamitengo.

Muli ndi ma grigbons ambiri omwe amadya okhwima, omwe ali ndi shuga, zipatso ndi zipatso zambiri.

Mueller Gibbons ndi okalamba kwambiri. Amayenda kudutsa mitengo, akumayenda ndikuyenda kuchoka ku nthambi imodzi kupita ku ina. Njira yosunthira iyi ndiyotheka chifukwa cha mikono yawo yayitali. Gawo lalikulu la chala likuyambira kuchokera mchiwuno, osati kuchokera m'manja, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wambiri komanso kulondola kosuntha kwamanja. Ma giboni amatha kusuntha mwachangu kusintha kosunthika pa nthambi yokhala ndi kudumpha kwanthawi yayitali. Amatha kutalika mtunda wa mita 3 pachimodzimodzi, ndipo ambiri patsiku amapita kuchokera ku 850 metres mpaka 1 km kapena kuposerapo.

Ma gibboni a Müller amasambira mosasamala, motero samapewa madzi otseguka, koma amatha kuyenda pansi, ngakhale m'malo osadukiza. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti azikhala bwino, amakweza manja awo kapena kuwafalitsa.

Mueller Gibbons nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu a anthu atatu kapena anayi. Anthu wamba nawonso ndiofala - awa ndi nyama yomwe yakhwima ndikukula, omwe adakakamizidwa kusiya mabanja awo, koma sanapeze banja ndi gawo lawo. Amphongo achimuna payokha amayimba nyimbo zazitali kuposa zazimuna awiriawiri, mwina ndi cholinga chokopa zazikazi kuti zizipanga awiri. Akazi osungulumwa nthawi zambiri samayimba, akumamvetsera nyimbo zaukwati.

Amuna “okwatiwa” amayimba nyimbo zazitali dzuwa lisanatuluke. Akazi amalumikizana ndi oyimbidwa ndi amuna dzuwa litatuluka ndikumayimba nyimbo (nyimbo iliyonse imakhala pafupifupi mphindi 15) mpaka pafupifupi 10 m'mawa, nthawi zina motalikirapo.

Ngakhale magiboni a Muller ndi zolengedwa, samakhala nthawi yayitali pamakhalidwe ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, monga amachita nthawi zambiri. Ndizotheka kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa chocheperako ochepa omwe akukhala ndi anzanu. Kusamalira ndi kusewera pagulu ndi mitundu iwiri yamakhalidwe ndi kulumikizana kwamisala komwe anthu amtunduwu amagwiritsa. Pazonse, chisamaliro cha masewera awiri komanso masewera amakhala ndi zosakwana 5 peresenti ya zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali akulu ndi ofanana paudindo wawo. Ngakhale, mkati mwa kafukufuku wapadera, zidapezeka kuti abambo amatha kusamalira tsitsi la akazi komanso amakonda kusewera ndi achinyamata. Pafupifupi, njira zoyankhulirana za ma gibboni zimawerengedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndipo, monga zikhalidwe zina zakale, ma buliboni ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito manja, mawonekedwe a nkhope komanso mawonekedwe ena a thupi kuti athe kulumikizana.

Mueller Gibbons ndi malo. Ngakhale tsamba lawo limakhala pafupifupi 40-50 ha, ndi 75 peresenti yokha yomwe amatetezedwa ndi iwo. Chitetezo chimaphatikizapo nyimbo zam'mawa komanso dzuwa lisanalowe, komanso kuzunzidwa kwa onyenga omwe adalowa gawo lawo. Mueller Gibbons samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwawa pomateteza madera awo.

Mueller Gibbons ndi zinyama zokhala ndi akazi okhaokha. Banja limakhala (wamwamuna ndi wamkazi) pachikhalidwe cha mabanja awo, ndipo ndi ana awo. Mueller Gibbons amabereka mmodzi yekhaza mwana wang'ombe aliyense zaka 2-3. Zinyama zazing'ono zimafika pakukula kapena kubereka zaka zapakati pa 8-9. Ndipo popeza nyama zazing'ono zimakhalabe ndi makolo awo, ana okulirapo amatha kuthandizira posamalira achichepere, ndipo amuna nthawi zonse amateteza achichepere komanso kuwasamalira.

Palibe nyengo munkhokwe; kuswana kumachitika chaka chonse. Pali deta yochepa kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ma gibbons a Mueller. Amuna amayesa kukonzekera nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa momwe akazi amakonzekera. Ndipo ngati wamkazi ali wokonzeka kukhwima, amatenga gawo lapadera lokonzeka, kuwerama. Koma ngati mkaziyo sakukwatira, anyalanyaza chibwenzi cha mwamunayo ndikuchoka pamsonkhano.

Akazi amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira masiku 28. Komabe, palibe Zizindikiro zakugonana zomwe adalowa mu estrus, ndipo amitundu okha ndi omwe amasintha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo kutupa kwawo kumawonekera. Zosintha izi zimakhulupirira kuti zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ovulation.

Nthawi ya bere imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 7. Achichepere amadya mkaka pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yoleka kuyamwa ndi kusinthanitsa ndi chakudya imawonedwa pafupifupi miyezi 24 ndipo amadzilamulira okha pantchito zawo. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makolo awo mpaka atafika pa kutha, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuti athe kudziimira pawokha.

Mueller Gibbons adalembedwa pa IUCN Red List wokhala ndi "chiopsezo chochepa" chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa malo awo chifukwa cha kudula mitengo komanso kudula mitengo.

Nkhalango zachilengedwe za Borneo ndizachilengedwe kwambiri monga nyama ndi zomera. Malinga ndi WWF, nyama za pachilumbachi zikuyerekeza ndi mitundu 222 ya zinyama (44 zomwe ndi zodzaza), mbalame 420 (37 zolengedwa), amphibians 100, nsomba 394 (19 endemic) ndi mitundu 15,000 yazomera (6,000 endemic). Pano pachilumbachi pali mitundu 13 ya anyani akale, omwe otchuka kwambiri ndi anyaniutan (Pongo pygmaeus), nyani wakhungu (Nasalis larvatus), ndi macaque (Macaca fascicularis) yopanda kanthu.

Ku Borneo, nkhalango zazikulu zatsika kwambiri m'derali, ndipo tsogolo la gibbon la Mueller limadalira kwathunthu kupezeka kwa nkhalango ndi momwe ziliri.

Kufotokozera kwa Mueller Gibbons

Mtundu wa ubweya wa Mueller Gibbon umatha kukhala wa bulauni mpaka imvi. Chifuwa ndi chisoti cha kumutu ndizosadetsa pang'ono kuposa thupi lonse.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 44-62, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumayambira 4 mpaka 8 kilogalamu.

Kuyerekeza zogonana mwa mbewa izi sikuti kwenikweni: zazimuna ndi zazikazi ndizovuta kusiyanitsa. Ma giboni akuluakulu a Müller ali ndi chimanga chathonje komanso zomanga lakuthwa kumapeto kwawo, koma palibe michira, monga anzawo.

Moyo wa Mueller Gibbon

Odyera zachilengedwe a Mueller sakudziwika. Komanso chiyembekezo chawo chamoyo sichimadziwika. Amayesedwa kuti adani oopsa kwambiri kwa iwo ndi njoka za mitengo ndi mbalame zolusa. Amakhala, pafupifupi, zaka 25, ngati ma giboni ena.

Gibbon Mueller (Hylobates muelleri).

Mueller Gibbons amagwira ntchito masana, ntchito zawo zimayamba mbandakucha. Dzuwa lisanalowe, amagona. Ntchito zawo zimatha kwa maola 8-10. Amuna nthawi zambiri amadzuka m'mbuyomu kuposa akazi. Amakhala tsiku lonse kusaka chakudya pakati pa mitengo.

Zakudya za Mueller gibons zimakhala ndi zipatso zakupsa ndi zipatso, momwe mumakhala shuga wambiri, zimadyanso, koma ochepera, maluwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono.

Amayi awa ndi okalamba kwambiri, amasambira nthambi, ndikuyenda. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha mikono yawo yayitali. Ma giboni a Mueller amayenda mwachangu, akusinthana manja, ndikupanga kulumpha kwakutali. Mu gulu limodzi, amatha kuthana ndi 3 mita. Kwa ana, "amadutsa" mwanjira imeneyi pafupifupi kilomita.

Ma Gibbons a Müller ndi nyama masana zomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula.

Ma giboni a Mueller amayandama koyipa, ndipo sakudziwa kuyenda pansi molunjika. Kuti akhale osasamala, amayenera kutambasulira mikono yawo kumbali kapena kuwakweza.

Moyo Waumoyo wa Mueller Gibbons

Ma gibboni a Mueller amakhala m'mabanja aanthu atatu. Komanso, anthu pawekha amapezeka nthawi zambiri - gibbons okhwima omwe asiya mabanja, koma sanathe kudzipezera okha.

Amuna aamuna okhaokha amayimba nyimbo zazitali, choncho amayesa kukopa zazikazi. Amuna m'banjamo ali ndi kuyimba kwifupi. Ndipo azimayi osungulumwa amapanga phokoso nthawi zambiri, amamvetsera nyimbo zokomera anthu omwe angathe kukhala oyenerera.

Dzuwa lisanatuluke, amuna am'banja amayamba kuyimba, kenako azimayi amalowa nawo limodzi ndikumayimba nyimbo za duet kumapitilizabe. Nyimbo yofananayo imakhala pafupifupi mphindi 15. Amayimba mpaka 10 koloko m'mawa.

Ma Giboni amakhala m'mabanja a anthu angapo.

Ngakhale gibboni a Mueller ndi anyani ochezeka, samakonda kulumikizana, monga zimawonedwera ndi zolengedwa zina. Mwinanso chifukwa chake ndi ochepa ochepera anzawo. Pakulumikizana, amagwiritsa ntchito masewera komanso amasamalirana, izi sizitenga 5% ya nthawi yonse ya ma gibbons a Mueller patsiku.

Makhalidwe a akazi ndi amuna ali ofanana. Koma kafukufuku wapadera wawonetsa kuti amuna nthawi zambiri amasamalira tsitsi la akazi, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kusamalira ana.

Kuyankhulana kwa ma gibbon kwawerengedwa bwino kwambiri, zimadziwika kuti ma gibbons a Muller ali ndi njira yothandizira, amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope.

Poyankhulana, ma gibbons a muller amagwiritsa ntchito mawu, nkhope ndi kayendedwe kosazolowereka.

Mueller Gibbons ndi nyani wakutali kwambiri. Amakhala ndi ziwembu zazikulu - mahekitala 40-50, koma mwachangu amateteza pafupifupi 75% ya zinthu zawo. Kuti achite izi, amakuwa mofuula m'mawa uliwonse, ndipo onyenga omwe amalowa m'gawo lawo amathamangitsidwa. Pakuteteza gawo, ma giboni nthawi zambiri sagwirira nkhanza zakuthupi, makamaka phokoso ndi kukuwa.

Kufalitsa kwa Muller Gibbon

Izi anyani ndi nyama monogamous. Pabanjapo, banja limakhala ndi ana awo. Mu ma gibbons a Mueller, mwana mmodzi amabadwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Kutha msanga m'matumbo achichepere kumachitika zaka 8-9.

Ana okalamba nthawi zambiri amathandizira posamalira ang'ono ndi abale. Amuna nthawi zonse amateteza ana awo ndi kusamalira ana.

Gibbon Mueller ndiwotheka kwa Fr. Borneo, wokhala kumpoto ndi kum'mawa.

Ma gibboni a Mueller sakhala ndi nyengo yoberekera; kuswana kumachitika chaka chonse. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 7. Akazi amadyetsa ana ndi mkaka pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.

Mueller Gibbon anthu

Mueller Gibbons ali mu Red Book, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe a "chiopsezo chochepa". Chiwerengero cha mabuloni a Mueller amachepetsa chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Nyama zambirimbiri zimakhala m'nkhalango za Borneo ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yazomera. Pali mitundu 222 ya zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zomwe zimakhala pano, pomwe mitundu 44 ili pachilumbachi.

M'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Borneo muli mitundu 13 ya anyani akale, monga nyani wosweka, orangutan ndi macaque opanda mchira. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nkhalango, nyama zonse izi, kuphatikiza zikopa za Müller, zikuwopsezedwa kuti ziwonongedwe kwathunthu. Anthu sayenera kulola izi.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

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Zambiri zoti mudzayendere

Nyengo: chaka chonse.
Tikiti yolowera: 50 ringgit pamunthu ndi 10 ringgit pa kamera iliyonse. Adalipira kamodzi, ziribe kanthu kuti mukufuna kukhala masiku angati ku Danum Valley.
Buku lowongolera: mwakufuna, zimagulira 30 ringgit pa ola limodzi kuchokera pagulu la anthu oposa 8 masana ndi 50 ringgit usiku, kapena mphete zokwanira 150 patsiku kuchokera pagulu la anthu mpaka 8. Mukamayenda ndi kugona usiku umodzi, mutha kutenga porter yomwe imakhala yolemera 12 kg pa 100 ringgit patsiku.
Maulendo owonjezera: mutafika kale pamalopo, muofesi ya DVFC mutha kuvomereza chifukwa cha maulendo ena owonjezera Night Drive (20:30 - 22:30) kapena Sunrise Drive (5:00 - 7:00) mu jeep. Zimawononga ndalama zokwanira 160 za jeep, pomwe anthu 8 amatuluka. Kuchuluka kwake kumagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe amapita. Pa maulendowa pali mwayi wowona nyalugwe wofuka. Tinaona mphaka wa ku Bengal, agologolo akuuluka, mafuta a loris, kadzidzi. Maulendo akunyumba amayenda mumsewu wopita ku chigwa kuchokera ku chigwa. Kunyamuka - gazebo pafupi ndi chipinda chodyeramo. Maulendo akuyenera kusungitsidwa osachepera tsiku limodzi asanadutse kudzera ku ofesi ya DVFC.
Malo: magetsi kuyambira 7 a.m. mpaka 11 p.m., chipinda chodyeramo, hostel, kumanga misasa, zipinda, malo opangira masewera, labotale, m'malo ena kuli intaneti yofooka ya 3G kuchokera kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu a Mala (kuyambira Hotlink alipo).

Momwe mungakafikire

Choyamba muyenera kupita ku mzinda wa Kota Kinabalu pa ndege kuchokera Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, kapena Hong Kong.

Kenako yendani pa basi (maola 8), kapena kuwuluka pa ndege (ola limodzi) kupita ku tawuni ya Lahad Datu. Pamenepo, kuchokera ku ofesi ya DVFC Lolemba, Lachitatu komanso Lachisanu pa 3 p.m. masamba otsetsereka a Danum Valley, amatenga 85 ringgit pa munthu njira imodzi. Kusamutsira kumzindawo kumachitika tsiku lomwelo nthawi ya 8:30 m'mawa. Nthawi iliyonse, mutha kutenga kusunthira kwamseri mwa mawonekedwe a jeep kwa anthu 4 a 350 ringgit njira imodzi, minivan kwa anthu 8 adzagula 650 ringgit.

Ndikosatheka kubwera ku chigwa cha Danum kuchokera pagombe lakutali! Muyenera kuyang'anira kukacheza kwanu pasadakhale ndi makalata.

Mudzatumizidwa risiti potengera zomwe mwapempha (chakudya, malo ogona, ndi zina). Ophunzira ndi ophunzira ali ndi 30% kuchotsera. Ndalamazo zitha kulipidwa ndalama kuofesi ya DVCF ku Lahad Datu asananyamuke.

Komwe mungadye ndi kudya

Danum Valley Field Center imapereka njira zingapo zogona:

Kusasa kwa 80 ringgit pa munthu aliyense. Omwe amatembenuka amatero a "tarpaulin" pansi pa denga.

Pali malo mchipinda chochezera. Khitchini.

Ndipo zonsezi m'malo abwino kwambiri poyeretsa m'nkhalango.

Dormitorium pa 95 ringgit pa munthu aliyense.

Alendo ambiri amakhala m dormas. Amagawikana azimayi ndi amuna, omwe amakhala ndi mabedi 45 aliyense. Pali zimbudzi, zovala, khitchini.

Zipinda Zapamwamba ku Resthhouse za 286 ringgit. Pali ochepa a iwo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa.

Zipinda za Chalet for 390 ringgit. Alinso ochepa.

Kudyetsa anthu pamalo ophunzirira kumachitika katatu patsiku malinga ndi dongosolo la buffet:

Chakudya cham'mawa kuyambira 7 mpaka 8. Zimatengera 36 mphete.
Chakudya chamasana 12 mpaka 13. Zimatenga 44 mphete.
Chakudya chamadzulo kuchokera pa 19 mpaka 20.

Mpunga ndi Zakudyazi zophatikiza kuphatikiza masamba, nkhuku, nsomba, pafupifupi tsiku lotsatira squid, shrimp. Zipatso zimatumikiridwa nthawi zonse: mavwende, vwende, maapulo, nthochi, maapozi ... Kwa azinyama amawonetsa tofu ndi tempeh. Kudyetsa kwabwino kwambiri! Seti yathunthu (kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo) imawononga 137 ringgit pa munthu patsiku. Mutha kusankha chakudya cham'mawa chokha, kapena chakudya chokha, kapena ngakhale kuphika nokha.

Tiyi / khofi, madzi akumwa amakhala mchipinda chodyera.