Dera lokhazikika. M'mphepete mwa equator, kuyambira kunyanja yaku Pacific kufikira kum'mawa kufikira Nyanja ya Atlantic, kuli malo otentha kwambiri. Mukamayenda kumpoto komanso kumwera kwa equator, kugwa kwamvula kumacheperachepera. Kontinenti imeneyi imadziwika kuti ndi dziko lolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mphepo yambiri imagwera kumpoto kwa mainland, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Brazil ku Amazon, komanso kugombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America. Kupenyerera kumawonjezeredwa ndi mafunde otentha a m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Africa, komanso mawonekedwe a mpumulowo. Kummawa kwa South America, zigwa zilipo, zikudutsa mafunde akunyanja obwera kuchokera kunyanja, omwe amalowerera mkati mwa nyanja mpaka kumapiri a Andes. Mapiri amachedwetsa kusefukira kwam'madzi, komwe kumagwa mvula yamphamvu kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kupitirira 3000 mm pachaka. Kutentha kwamphepo kwapachaka kumakhala pamwamba nthawi zonse + 20 ° C - + 25 ° C, chifukwa chake kumatentha nthawi zonse pano.
Ntchito yomaliza pamutu womwewo
Lamba nyengo ya Subequatorial. Pamwamba komanso pansi pa lamba wokumana ku South America ndi lamba wa subequatorial. Dongosolo la nyengo limapezeka nthawi imodzi munthawi ziwiri za Earth - Kumwera ndi Kumpoto. M'malire ndi malo okhala nyengo yocheperako, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake ndi nyanja, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mvula kumagwa (mpaka 2000 mm pachaka). Komanso m'derali, nkhalango zachilengedwe zokhala ndi chinyezi zimamera. Pansi pa dziko lonse lonselo, nyengo yam'mayiko ambiri imakhazikika, popanda mpweya wabwino (kuyambira 500 mpaka 1000 mm pachaka). Kudera lotentha kumayambira svannah.
Ma Savannah omwe ali mu lamba la subequatorial amadziwika ndi kutentha kwambiri m'miyezi ingapo. Nyengo ya subequatorial imagawa chaka kukhala nyengo zowuma komanso zamvula. Kutali kuchokera ku equator, mvula yochepa. Ma Savannah aphimbidwa ndi udzu. Mtundu wa nyengo wamtunduwu umapezeka kunja kwa dera lamvula yamvula yotentha, chigwa cha Orinoco, kumapiri a Brazil ndi kumadera akumadzulo kwa Ecuador. Kutentha kumachokera ku + 18 ° C mpaka + 24 ° C nthawi yozizira komanso kuchokera + 20 ° C mpaka + 25 ° C m'chilimwe. Ma Savannah aphimbidwa ndi udzu.
Chithunzi 1. Savannahs aku South America. Author24 - Kusinthana kwa intaneti kwa ntchito za ophunzira
Nyengo yotentha. Ku South America, lamba wotentha amakhala kum'mwera kwa subequatorial ndipo ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu nyengo zam'malo otentha a Australia ndi Africa. Mothandizidwa ndi mafunde ofunda, malowa ndi achinyontho ndipo izi zikulepheretsa zipululu, ngakhale mafunde owuma otentha amakhala kuno chaka chonse. Chipululu chokha cha Atacama chomwe chili kumadzulo. M'nyengo yotentha, matenthedwe otentha amatha kukwera pamwamba pa 25 ° C, ndipo nthawi yozizira imayambira 8 ° C mpaka 20 ° C.
Lamba wotentha amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Dera lakumadzulo ndilokulirapo, limatambalala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo kum'mawa ndilomangidwa ndi Andes.
Apa ndipamene chipululu chopanda madzi kwambiri cha Atacama chilipo, chomwe chidawoneka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa dera louma m'gululi. Mapiri a Andes amasiyanitsa chipululu kuchokera kumlengalenga.
Dera la madera azigawo limakhala pakatikati ndipo lili kufupi ndi kum'mawa kwa South America. Popeza gawo lazopondera lili kumbali ina ya Andes, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuno kumafika pa 1000 mm pachaka, zomwe ndizochulukirapo kuposa gawo lakumadzulo. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mafunde onyowa omwe amachokera ku nyanja ya Atlantic, Andes samatseka njirayo.
Gawo lachigawo chakummawa kuli nkhalango zobiriwira. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumafikira zoposa mamilimita 1000 pachaka. Kupanga nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse kumalephereka ndi nthawi yachilala.
Malo okhala nyengo. Ku South America, dera la kummwera limakhala pansi pa malo otentha ndipo madera ake ndi ochepa. Madzi ozizira amadzaza kuno, omwe amakhudza nyengo ndipo kum'mwera amakhala ouma. Apa mpweya ndi wouma kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi 250-500 mm pachaka. Madera ambiri amakhala ndi ma steppes, munsi mwa zipululu za kontinenti ndi zipululu zouma zimawonekera. Komabe, kumadzulo, mafunde ozizira sakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi gombe, kotero mvula yambiri imagwera kuno, ndipo nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimakula. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amasintha kuchokera ku + 8 ° C mpaka + 24 ° C, ndipo nthawi yotentha imatha kutsika mpaka 0 ° C.
Malo otentha otentha. Lamba limakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa. Awa ndimadambo ambiri, omwe amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi mafunde ozizira a Falkland, Western, Peruvia. Pali mvula yochepa kwambiri (mvula zosakwana 250 mm pachaka). Kumadzulo, mphamvu ya mafunde ozizira amachepa pang'ono, chifukwa chake, mvula yambiri imagwera pano. Padziko lapansi lakumwera kwa Nyengo Yapakati, malo otentha amakhala pafupi kulibe. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya Antarctic, matenthedwe amlengalenga m'derali nthawi zonse amakhala otsika. M'nyengo yozizira imakwera mpaka + 20 ° C, nthawi yotentha imatsika pansi 0 ° C.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza nyengo yaku South America
Nyengo ya kontinentiyo imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu.
Choyambirira, chofunikira kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwa mafunde ku South Atlantic ndi South Pacific Oceans, komwe kufalikira kumadalira. Kupsinjika kwakukulu ku South Atlantic ndi South Pacific kumakhala mawonekedwe amitundu yayitali yosakhazikika (malo opsinjika mwamphamvu mumlengalenga momwe mphepo zimazungulira). Gawo lakummawa kwa chiphalaphala cha South Pacific limakhudza nyengo yam'mphepete mwa kumadzulo kwa South America, kuchititsa madontho okhazikika mu kutentha kwa mpweya, zomwe zimayambitsa mvula yochepa.
Choyimira chachiwiri ndi kukhalapo kwa mafunde ozizira am'mphepete mwa nyanja mbali yakumadzulo kwa Africa, komwe kutentha ndi mpweya zimadalira. Pa gombe la Atlantic, mafunde ofunda amapezeka.
Choyambirira chachitatu ndi mapiri a Andes, omwe ali ngati cholepheretsa mapiri amlengalenga kupita kum'mwera kwa kontrakitala.
Lamba wa Subequatorial
Lamba la subequatorial lili pamwambapa komanso pansi pa equatorial zone, lomwe lili kum'mwera komanso kumpoto kwa Earth. Mukamazungulira kontinentiyo, nthawi zambiri nyengo zimayamba kukhalapo. M'malire ndi lamba wa equatorial, mpweya umagwa 2000 mm pachaka, ndipo m'nkhalangozi pamakhala nkhalango zobiriwira. Kudera lamapiri olizungulira, kumatsika pang'ono: 500-1000 mm pachaka. Pamalo awa, savannah imayamba. Nyengo yamvula imagwa pa Juni-Ogasiti kumpoto kwa zigawo, ndipo kumwera - mu Disembala -Februwari. Nthawi yozizira imayamba nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, kutengera mtunda wochokera ku equator.
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Lamba wofunda
Kumwera kwa subequatorial kuli lamba wotentha ku South America. Nyengo pano ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi madera otentha a Australia ndi Africa. Pali chiwonetsero chambiri cha mafunde ofunda, omwe amathandizira kunyowetsa malo amodzi m'deralo ndikuletsa kuwoneka kwa zipululu zazikulu, kumadzulo kokha ndi chipululu cha Atakama chomwe chili ndi nyengo yapadera, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mpweya wonyowa. Dera lotentha la nyengo yotentha limakhala pakatikati pa Africa. Apa, pafupifupi 1000 mm wa mvula imagwera chaka chilichonse, ndipo pali ma savannah. Kummawa kuli nkhalango zosadukiza komanso mvula yambiri. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa madigiri +25, ndipo kutentha kwa dzinja kuyambira +8 mpaka +20.
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Kufotokozera kwanyengo
South America ndiye kontrakiti wonyezimira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Madzi amkati a kontilakitoli amakonzedwanso chaka chilichonse ndi mpweya ochulukirapo, womwe umachulukana ku Amazon Delta. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti kontilakitoni yambiri imapezeka mdera lamba la equatorial.
Zotsatirazi zimathandizira kukhazikitsa nyengo:
- mawonekedwe amtunda
- kuzungulira kwa mlengalenga
- mafunde am'madzi.
Dera lalikulu lili m'malo asanu ndi limodzi, malongosoledwe achidule omwe amaperekedwa patebulopo ndi nyengo.
Lamba wamtunda
Dera lina lotentha la South America ndi dera laling'ono lam'malo otentha. Apa mlengalenga muli wouma ndipo mapiri akuyamba, ndipo mkati mwakuya kwa kanyanja kanyanjapa ndi zipululu. Mvula yambiri pachaka ndi 250-500 mm. Kumadzulo, kumagwa mvula yambiri ndikupanga nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Mu Januware, matenthedwe amafika madigiri a 23, ndipo mu Julayi, zizindikirozo zitha kukhala pansi 0.
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Gawo lakumwera kwenikweni kwa kontinenti ili ndi malo otentha. Kunali kuno komwe chipululu chambiri chinapangidwa kuchokera kukokedwa ndi mafunde ozizira. Kukula kopitilira muyeso sikoposa 250 mm pachaka. Kutentha m'derali nthawi zonse kumakhala kochepa. Mu Januwale, okwera kwambiri amafika +20, ndipo mu Julayi kutentha kumatsika ndi 0.
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Nyengo ya South America ndi yapadera. Kontinenti ili kumadera asanu achizungu, koma nyengo zimasiyanasiyana pamagawo ofanana pamakontrakitala ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuno kuchipululu sikuli malo otentha, koma nyengo yotentha.
Lamba wokomera
M'malo oteteza lamba, kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha. Kuchuluka kwa mvula kumagwera 5000 mm pachaka chonse.
Chinyezi chachikulu, chofikira pafupifupi 100%, chifukwa cha zinthu izi:
- mafunde ofunda nyanja
- zodzikanira kumtunda - mapiri omwe ali kum'mawa amalola magulu onyowa am'madzi kuyenda momasuka, komwe amakhala pafupi ndi mapiri a Andes ndikugwa ngati mvula yamphamvu.
M'chaka chonse, nyengo yotentha imakhalapo kuderali, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya sikumatsika pansi pa 20-25C.
Pa gawo la equatorial lamba waku South America, pali chilengedwe china chachilengedwe - nkhalango zowirira kapena zouma zokhazokha. Zomera zochuluka zomwe zimakhala mdera lochititsa chidwi ndi "mapapu a dziko lapansi", chifukwa zimapanga mpweya wambiri.
Chith. 2. nkhalango za Selva
Dera lokwanira
Kunja kwa bara kuli malo otentha. Pafupifupi gawo lake lonse limakhala m'chipululu, momwe mulibe. Komabe, kusowa bwino kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzizira kwamphamvu, komwe kumatseketsa gawo lonselo kuti lisakhale lonyowa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya m'derali sikokwanira kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu ya Arctic: M'chilimwe sichitha kuposa 20C, ndipo nthawi yozizira imatsika mpaka 0C ndikutsika. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kochepa - osakwana 250 mm. mchaka.
Dera la South America
Kontinentiyo, yomwe ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa hemisphere, imatsukidwa ndi nyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic.
Ili ndi gombe lopendekeka pang'ono ndi zilumba zochepa zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera kwenikweni.
Ngakhale South America si kontinenti yayikulu, komabe ili ndi madera osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi fomu yoyambira kumpoto kupita kumwera.
Jiology ndi mpumulo wa dziko
Kontinentiyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi nsanja ya South America komanso lamba wamapiri a Andean.
Pulatifomu yakaleyo imakhala mbali yayikulu ya zigawo zikuluzikulu - kum'mawa ndi kum'mawa. Chifukwa chake, ku South America, malo achitetezo apezeka ndi zipatso zapafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maziko a nsanja omwe adakhalapo.
Kum'mwera kuli nsanja ya Patagonian yaing'ono komanso yaying'ono.
Kumadzulo kwa chigawo chachikulu kumalire ndi Andes okwera, mapiri atali kwambiri omwe adawonekera pampata wam'madzi mwa nyanja komanso nthawi yayikulu panthawi ya ma dinosaurs. Awa ndi mapiri ang'ono pomwe machitidwe a tectonic akuchitikabe ndipo mapiri ogwirabe ntchito.
Malo Ochepetsa a South America
Mapiri a Andes ndiye mapiri atali kwambiri padziko lapansi, ochokera kumwera kupita kumadzulo kwa South America. Kutalika konse kwa mapiri kumaposa 9000 km. Ndipo m'lifupi wa Cordillera m'malo opitilira 700 km. Nayi imodzi mwa mapiri atali kwambiri - Aconcagua, pafupifupi 7,000 m.
Ku Andes, madera ambiri okwera amakhala olimbikira, kuphatikiza maluwa ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Awa ndi malo okhawo pa kontrakitala pomwe conifers amapezeka.
Zowonadi! Mountain gilea ndi gawo lomwe nyengo yake imakhala yozizira kwambiri ndi mphepo zamphamvu, ndipo mitengo kumeneko imapanga nthambi zodabwitsa.
Mukakwera mapiri, wosauka wamaluwa adzakhala:
- 1500 mamita - nkhalango yokhala ndi chinyezi,
- kuchokera 2800 m - malo otentha, oyimiriridwa ndi nyama zolemera, ma conifers, bamboos, hinnas, coca ndi tchire ngati mitengo,
- kuchokera 3800 m - pali nkhalango zamapiri zomwe zimamera pang'ono,
- kuchokera 4500 m - mapiri a Alpine.
Kupitilira 5000 m kumayambira mzere wamitondo yosatha. Ku Andes, kuli malo osungirako, Pearl of the Andes National Park, omwe amayambira 2,500 mpaka 6,768 m.
Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kumadera okwera kumatsika kwambiri kuyambira pansi mpaka pansi. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwake mpaka 1000 m ndi kutentha kwamtunda wa 24 mpaka 26 Celsius, chinyezi cha 3000 mm cha mpweya chimawonedwa. Ndipo mapiri a Alpine, pomwe matenthedwe amasungidwa madigiri 4-8, chiwerengero chawo sichidutsa 1000 mm.
Madera achilengedwe ku South America ndi mawonekedwe awo
South America imakhudza zigawo zisanu zam'mphepete nthawi imodzi - equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, kutentha.
Mtundu wake ndiwopadera, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa nyama zolengedwa. Gawo lirilonse ndi losiyana ndi linzake, chifukwa chake malongosoledwe achidule adzaperekedwa m'matafura.
Zomera Zosiyanasiyana (Selva)
Selva amakhala gawo lalikulu la malo otsikira ku Amazon, komabe, madera ambiri satha kufikika - masamba akukulira kwambiri, kuphatikiza fern, mitengo yahindu ndi ceibu.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'nkhalango ya Amazon, mitengo yonse yolumikizidwa ndi mipesa yolimba, ndikupanga khoma losatseguka. Zinyama za m'nkhalango za equatorial ndizosiyana kwambiri. Nyalugwe, mitundu yambiri ya agulugufe okongola, mitundu yambiri ya anyani ndi masauzande a tizilombo amakhala m'mbali zonse za nkhalangoyi. Ndipo ena owopsa kwambiri ndi ng'ona ndi anacondas, komanso ma piranhas a Amazonia. Dziko la mbalame ku Amazon ndi lolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Toucans, phala, mbalame zaulemu, ndi azeze amakhala pano.
Zofunika! Ku South America, njoka zapoizoni zambiri, abuluzi ndi achule amakhala. Ndipo anaconda amafikira kutalika kwa mamitala 5 ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 100 kg.
M'nkhalango za equator pamakhala kotentha kwambiri komanso kotentha, ndipo dothi pano makamaka limakhala lofiira. Pali mbewu zambiri zokongola: ma orchid, mtengo wa vwende, euphorbia, mtengo wa chokoleti.
Nkhalango zolimba
Imapezeka kummwera kwa South America, makamaka ku Chile. Kumakhala kotentha komanso nyengo yotentha, koma nthawi yozizira nyengo yamvula imayamba ndi kugwa mpaka 600 mm pachaka. Mitengo ya m'nkhalango zowuma bwino ili ndi masamba owongoka, osadetsa nthaka. Amatha kusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali. Dothi pano limakhala mgoza.
Kusintha nkhalango zonyowa
Dera ili lili m'mphepete mwa nkhalango za equatorial, limakhalanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chigawo chachikulu komanso gombe la Atlantic Ocean m'chigawo chapakati.
Subequatorial komanso kotentha
Earth Earth ndi Earth Earth
Bamboo, Araucaria, Ceiba, Coconut Palm
Ndizofanana ndi malo okhala nkhalango zokhala lonyowa, koma zimasiyana mitundu yaying'ono
Mbali ina yosinthira nkhalango zachinyezi ndi kusintha kwanyengo, mitengo yowoneka bwino, mitengo yam'munsi m'nkhalangoyi ndiyosiyanasiyana. Nthaka imakhala ndi michere yambiri yomwe singatsukidwe ndi mvula yokhazikika.
Ma nkhono a Savannah ndi nkhalango zowala (Llanos)
Amakhala m'malo otetemera komanso otentha a kontinenti, amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la Nyanja Zapamwamba za ku Brazil, Orinoc Lowlands ndi Guiana Highlands. Llanos chaka chilichonse limasefukira ndi madzi, omwe sasiya malo kwa miyezi 5-6, chifukwa chake savannas amasintha kukhala zisakasa.Mitengo ya kanjedza ndi sedge zimapezeka zambiri pano. Koma pagombe lomu Brazil mulibe zitsamba zotsika, kanjedza. Dothi limakhala lofiira kwambiri, koma zinyama ndizosiyanasiyana. Odyera monga ankhandwe ndi mbewa, komanso agwape, komanso aziziwala, amakhala pano.
Ma Savannah ndi madondo
Chapakati ndi chakumpoto madera a kumtunda ndi zochepa chuma cha nyama ndi zomera kuposa Amazonia. Nawa makamaka ma savannahs ndi nkhalango.
Zina mwa gawo ili ndikugawika ku:
malawi - savannas wokhala ndi udzu waukulu womwe umapezeka m'malo otsika a Mtsinje wa Orinoco,
Campos Serrados - nkhalango zowala ndi udzu, zitsamba ndi mitengo,
campos limpos - yekha busa savannahs,
ochepera - savannas wokhala ndi tchire ndi mitengo yolima mosiyanasiyana.
Otentha komanso ozizira
Kebracho, cashew, chaparro, mbewu za chimanga ndi nyemba, cacti, agars, kanjedza ku Mauritius
Oyimira mbadwa zamtundu waku America, nkhandwe zaku South America, Ostrich Nandu, armadillos, makoswe, njoka, abuluzi
Dothi lofiira m'derali ndi chonde, motero khofi, thonje, ndi minda ya nthochi zikuzunguliridwa pano. Minda yokhala ndi udzu wambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati msipu.
Pampas kapena steppes
Tengani Kwambiri La La Plata Lowland. Mapondowa amakhala ndi dothi labwino lofiirira, lomwe udzu umakula kwambiri. Ng'ombe zambiri nthawi zambiri zimadyera kumapiri, ndipo alimi m'malo awa amalima tirigu. Mwa okhalamo: nthiwatiwa, miyala yamphesa, agwape, makoswe ambiri. Nthenga ndi mabango zimapezeka zambiri m'matanthwe, zimamera pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Zipululu ndi zipululu
Chipululu ndi dera louma kwambiri ku South America, komwe kumatentha komanso malo ozizira. Chamvula apa si ambiri, m'madera ena kungakhale kwina kwa zaka. Komabe, izi sizimapatula moyo mmenemo. Cacti, njere zowuma zimapezeka m'malo. Mwa nyama, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ndi ma chinchillas, komanso zimbalangondo zochititsa chidwi komanso ma conductor.
Zipululu zimakhala makamaka kumwera. Kumbali yakumadzulo - kutsogolo kwa Andes, iyi ndi Atacama, ndipo kummawa - Monte ndi chipululu cha Patagonian, kusandutsidwa chipululu.
Patagonia
Kukula kochepa chabe kumagwera pano - mpaka 200-600 mm pachaka. Pali dothi makamaka zofiirira ndi imvi bulauni. Nyengo ndi yotentha komanso yopanda matalala, m'malo mouma komanso ozizira. Nyama zam'chipululu chocheperako ndizosiyanasiyana kusiyanasiyana ndi zipululu. Armadillos, nutria, ndi mitundu ina ya nyama zazing'ono zimakhala pano.
Zomera za Patagonia zimayimiridwa ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi zouma zouma, zomwe m'malo mwake zimapangidwa m'nkhokwe zazikulu. Palinso matupi amadzi mu theka-chipululu, moyo pafupi ndi womwe umagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Zodabwitsa zachilengedwe ku South America, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhalango zake za mitundu yosiyanasiyana za Amazonia, nkhalango zazikulu, komanso anacondas odziwika bwino, zilibe nkhalango zosakanikirana, zosakanizika komanso zopatsa chidwi. Tundra yokhala ndi chipululu cha Arctic sichilinso pano. SA ndi kontinenti wettest pa dziko, koma silinakwaniritsidwe kuphunzira kwathunthu. Madera okwera a Andes komanso nkhokwe zosafikirika za Amazon amakhalabe zinsinsi zambiri.
Zomera ndi nyama za kumtunda
Zomera ndi nyama zaku South America zimadziwika ndi mitundu komanso kupezeka kwa ambiri matenda (Source). Izi ndichifukwa cha kukula kophatikizana kwa kontrakitalayo komanso kudzipatula kwakutali ndi mayiko ena.
Mabanja athunthu amakhala ku South America. zomera kuderako: bokosi, kukokedwa ndi akavalo, nasturtium, bromilium. Pakati nyama zodwala anyani amphongo amtundu wa ku America, sloth, anteat, handadillos, amitundu 500, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zotchedwa hummingbird, nthiwatiwa za Onda, zikondamoyo, mitundu yambiri yamtundu wankhwawa, zouluka, nsomba ndi tizilombo zimadziwika.
Magawo azachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi madera okhala nyengo (onani mkuyu. 1). Nyanja, malo omwe kum'mwera kwa kontrakitala kumapeto kotentha komanso kupezeka kwa lamba wamapiri ataliatali kumathandizira madera.
Chith. 1. Mapu a Magawo Achilengedwe
Musanayambe timudziwe bwino maonekedwe a ena malo achilengedwe a America South, kuchita kafukufuku pang'ono pa mapu.
Ndi malo achilengedwe ati omwe amapezeka kumtunda waukulu? Ndi uti wa iwo amene amakhala wamkulu kwambiri? Kodi kugawa malo kumawoneka bwanji ku South America?
Selva
Chizindikiro cha dziko lalikulu ndi kupezeka kwa nkhalango zobiriwira zomwe sizingakhwime zomwe zimamera pamadothi ofiira. Aimbireni apa - selva, Amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku Chipwitikizi monga "nkhalango".
Selva ndiwonyowa kuposa nkhalango za ku Africa, zachilengedwe komanso zanyama. Mitengo monga selba imamera pano, mpaka kutalika kwa 80 metres. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya kanjedza, mtengo wa vwende, cocoa, hevea, wokhala ndi mipesa. Pali maluwa ambiri otulutsa zipatso kuthengo. Mitengo yambiri ya selva imangopereka nkhuni zamtengo wapatali, komanso zipatso, msuzi, makungwa ogwiritsa ntchito muukadaulo ndi mankhwala.
Zinyama za Selva ndizachuma kwambiri. Nyama zambiri zimakonda kukhala pamitengo. Awa ndi kanyama kameneka, unyolo tailed anyani. Ngakhale achule ndi abuluzi amakhala pamitengo, pali njoka zambiri, kuphatikizapo chinjoka chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - the anaconda (onani mkuyu. 2).
Ungulates - tapers ndientent wamkulu kwambiri Padziko lapansi - capybara capybara yolemera mpaka ma kilogalamu makumi asanu amakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Pali owononga ochepa, pakati pawo odziwika kwambiri ndi anyaniwa. Dziko la mbalame lilinso lolemera: tinyama tating'onoting'ono timene timadya timadzi tambiri tambiri ta maluwa, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, makina ndi ena. Agulugufe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, nsikidzi ndi tizilombo tina. M'munsi mwa nkhalango komanso m'nthaka muli nyerere zambiri, zambiri zokhala ndi moyo wokonda kudya. Ena mwa nyerere amafika masentimita atatu m'litali.
Llanos
Malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka, malo otchingidwa ndi mitengo komanso zitsamba amapezeka makamaka m'malo oyeserera komanso m'malo ena otentha. Ma Savannah amakhala mu Orinok Lowland, komwe amadziwika malawi (onani mkuyu. 3).
M'madera akum'mwera chakum'mwera, zomera ndizosauka. M'dera lotentha lambiri, komwe kuli kouma komanso kotentha kwa miyezi yambiri, mitengo yokhotakhota ndi zitsamba zomwe zimatsitsidwa ndi ma spikes ndi minga zimamera.
Pakati pawo, otchuka kwambiri ndi kebraccio, yemwe makungwa ake amakhala ndi zoteteza pakhungu.
Poyerekeza savannahs wa African, ndi zinyama za America South ndi osauka. Agulu ang'onoang'ono, nkhumba zakutchire - ophika mkate, armadillos okhala ndi chipolopolo cha zikopa za horny, anteatte, ndi mbalame - nthiwatiwa ya Nanda imakhala kuno.
Pampa
Pampa - malo otsetsereka oponderezedwa kumapeto kwa South America, pafupi ndi khomo la Rio Plata, makamaka ku Argentina ndi Uruguay (onani mkuyu. 4). Kumadzulo, mapasawa amamangidwa ndi Andes, kum'mawa ndi Nyanja ya Atlantic.
M'malo okhala chinyezi, pamakhala dothi lachonde komanso lofiirira lomwe limakhala ngati mapiri.
Zomera za mapiri ndi udzu, pomwe nthenga, nthenga, mapira ndi zina zambiri. Pamalo otsegulira papepala, nyama zomwe zimathamanga zinali kale zodziwika bwino: Gwape la Pampassian, mphaka wa Pampassian, llamas.
Kusintha chikhalidwe cha kumtunda ndi munthu
Zovuta za munthu pa chilengedwe ku South America zidayamba ngakhale pomwe nzika, zikuchita ulimi, ziwotcha nkhalango chifukwa chaichi, zothetsa madziwo. Komabe, zosinthazi sizinali zazikulu kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi zomwe zidayamba ndi kufika kwa anthu aku Europe pamtunda.
Kulima, kudula mitengo, kudula msipu, kutuluka kwa mbewu zatsopano zomwe zatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina, kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu pazachilengedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, gawo lalikulu la pepalali limalima ndipo msipu umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo odyetserako ziweto amadzaza namsongole.
Pampa yataya mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Amasandulika kukhala minda yosatha ya tirigu ndi chimanga, zolembera kuti zizidyetsa. Kwambiri nkhalango wapatali araucaria - conifers kukula mu kum'mawa kwa Brazil Plateau pafupifupi ataphedwa. Patsamba lamapiri otentha ndi malo obiriwira, pakhala pali mitengo ya masamba a khofi yomwe idabweretsedwa kuno ku Africa, ndi minda ya cocoa, yomwe mitundu yake yamtchire imamera m'nkhalango za Amazon.
Nkhalango za Amazon zimawonongedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Kupanga kwa Transamazon Highway (5,000 km) kunatsegulira njira kwa selva (onani mkuyu. 5).
Chith. 5. Ntchito yomanga msewu waukulu wa Transamazon
Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwamakono, asayansi amalosera kuti posakhalitsa nkhalango izi zitha kutha. Koma nkhalango za ku Amazon zimapatsa mpweya wabwino wambiri, zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nyama.
Ntchito yakunyumba
Werengani § 26 (mas. 84 - 85). Yankhani mafunso:
· Dzina kuderako la America South. Kodi tingawafotokozere bwanji kuchuluka kwawo?
· Ndi malo ati omwe amakhala kwambiri kumtunda waukulu?
Nkhani zamalemba
KwakukuluNdine
1. Dongosolo. Dziko lapansi komanso anthu. Kalasi 7: A buku maphunziro ambiri. wophunzira / A.P. Kuznetsov, L.E. Savliev, V.P. Dronov, mndandanda wa "Spheres". - M: Maphunziro, 2011.
2. Dongosolo. Dziko lapansi ndi anthu. Kalasi 7: Atlas. Mndandanda "Spheres".
Zowonjezera
1. N.A. Maximov. Kumasamba a buku la jogala. - M: Maphunziro.
Literature yokonzekera Kudzifufuza boma maphunziro ndi kumupima Wonse State
1. Kuyesa. Jiyo. Giredi 6-10: Buku lothandizira zamaphunziro / A.A. Letyagin. - M: LLC "Agency" KRPA "Olympus": Astrel, AST, 2001. - 284 p.
2. Buku lakujambulidwa. Kuyesedwa ndi ntchito zina mu geology / I. A. Rodionova. - M .: Moscow Lyceum, 1996 .-- 48 p.
3. Dongosolo. Mayankho pamafunso. Mayeso apakamwa, malingaliro ndi machitidwe / V.P. Bondarev. - M: Nyumba yofalitsa "Mayeso", 2003. - 160 p.
4. Mayeso omvera pokonzekera kutsimikizika komaliza ndi mayeso. Jiyo. - M: Balass, ed. RAO House, 2005. - 160 p.
Zolimbikitsidwa pa intaneti
1. Russian Geographical Society (Gwero).
2. Maphunziro aku Russia (Source).
3. Buku lajografia (Source).
4. Ponena za malo (Source).
5. Encyclopedia Around the World (Gwero).
Ngati mukupeza cholakwika kapena cholumikizana, chonde dziwitsani - pangani zomwe mukuthandizira kuti ntchitoyo ipitirire.