American Black Catarta, kapena Uruba (Coragyps atratus) - mbalame yayitali yotalika masentimita 50-69, mapiko a 137-152 cm ndi kulemera kwa 1.5-1.9 kg. Alibe nthenga pamutu pake komanso khosi lakumtunda, khungu m'malo ano limawoneka lonyota kwambiri, imvi yakuda. Mlomo wa Urubu ndi wautali, wofowoka, wamtambo, wokhotakhota kumapeto kwake, mapiko ake ndiwotalikirapo, miyendo yake ndi yayikulu, imvi yakuda, yosinthika kwambiri chifukwa chothamanga pansi kuposa kukhala panthambi.

Kufalitsa

Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'chigawo chachikulu cha Kumpoto ndi South America, malire akumpoto kwa malowa akudutsa kumwera kwa Canada. Uruba amakonda malo otseguka ndipo pewani nkhalango zowirira. Amatha kupezeka m'malo otsetsereka okhala ndi mapiri oyandikana, minda, madera achitetezo, malo okhala kapena ngakhale mumzinda.

Kuswana

Ubwenzi american wakuda cathart zitha kuphatikizira kuthamangitsana wina ndi mnzake, kukwera kwambiri mlengalenga ndikutsitsa komanso kuvina pansi. Mazira amaikidwa m'maenje amitengo kapena pamipanda yamitengo pamtunda wa mamita 3-4.5 pamwamba pa nthaka, pansi pa mapanga osaya, m'mphepete mwa matanthwe, pansi pamtunda wamizere, pansi pamiyala, m'miyala yamitengo yopanda miyala, m'malo osiyidwa aulimi, m'makona a nyumba . Chisa chapadera sichikumangidwa. Malo omwewo akugona amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amaikira mazira 1-3 (nthawi zambiri 2). Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 37-55, kenako anapiye amtundu wambiri. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo gawo pazokolola ndi kudyetsa anapiye, kuwakhazikitsa kunawabweretsa chakudya. Zokwanira zonse za mbalame zazing'ono zimapezeka masiku 63-70.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chimadyedwa ndi zovunda, pomwe nthawi ya kusaka, komwe nthawi zambiri imakhalako masana, imayamba kulowa m'mlengalenga, kumayang'ana mlengalenga. Mbalamezi zimatha kufunafuna chakudya mdera lamapepala, nyumba zophera, ma sewerapa ndi misewu yayikulu. Nthawi zina amasaka anapiye a ana aakazi ndi abakha abwinobwino, omwe amadyanso mazira, amatha kuthana ndi ana ang'ono ang'ono kumene, mbalame zazing'ono ndi anyama, ma skunks, mathuba ndi ana ang'ono. Nthawi zina Uruba amadyedwa ndi zipatso kapena masamba owola kapena masamba.

Kubalana

Urubu ndi mbalame yopanda mbalame, ndiye kuti, yamphongo imasamalira mkazi m'modzi yekha. Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba mu Januware mpaka Julayi, ndimtundu wambiri wa ntchito mu Marichi ndi Epulo, kwa nyengoyo azimayiwo amakhala ndi zinyalala chimodzi. Ubwenzi ungaphatikizepo kuthamangitsa wina ndi mnzake, kukwera m'mwamba m'mlengalenga, kutsatiridwa ndi kutsitsa komanso kuvina pansi. Mazira amaikidwa m'maenje amitengo kapena pamipanda yamitengo pamtunda wa mamita 3-4.5 pamwamba pa nthaka, pansi pa mapanga osaya, m'mphepete mwa matanthwe, pansi pamtunda wamizere, pansi pamiyala, m'miyala yamitengo yopanda miyala, m'malo osiyidwa aulimi, m'makona a nyumba . Chisa chapadera sichikumangidwa. Malo omwewo akugona amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo.

Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amaikira mazira 1-3 (nthawi zambiri 2). Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 37-55 (malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, masiku 32-41), pambuyo pake anapiye amtambo. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo gawo pazokolola ndi kudyetsa anapiye, kuwakhazikitsa kunawabweretsa chakudya. Zokwanira zonse za mbalame zazing'ono zimapezeka masiku 63-70. Pakakhala undende, ana osakanikirana nthawi zina amatha kuwonekera khosi la Urubu komanso khosi la Turkey.

Moyo

Urubu ali ndi ndege yayifupi, yomwe ili ndi mapiko angapo otuluka, ndikutsatira kukonzekera kwakanthawi mlengalenga, koma akukhulupirira kuti imawuluka kwambiri komanso yayitali kuposa mtundu wake wamtchire. Padziko lapansi, amalumpha ngati nkhuku zowawa.

Amadya zovunda, nthawi yosaka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka masana, imayamba kuwombera kamphepo kofunda, ndikuyang'ana munthu wovulala padziko lapansi. Ikayandikira zotsalira za nyama, imachita zinthu mokwiyira kwa mbalame zina zapafupi, ndikuziwongolera bwino, makamaka khosi la nkhata. Pakachitika tsoka pakudya, chimangochinjiriza kuti chizitha kuuluka mosavuta.

Uruba amaonedwa kuti ndi mbalame zopanda phokoso; mukamagawana chakudya, nthawi zina amapanga mawu ofanana ndi kulira, kukuwa kapena kukhazikika. Ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino, yosochera pamagulu akulu pakusaka kapena usiku. Imasinthika mosavuta ndi kukhalapo kwa munthu, nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pagulu.

03.01.2019

Khola lakuda laku America, kapena cathart wakuda waku America (Latin Coragyps atratus) ndi lodziwika bwino pakati pa abusa, alimi ndi ochita ndege. Mbalame yayikuluyi nthawi zina imagwirira ana amphongo ndi ana amphongo, ndipo ndi maponya ake ogwetsera pansi amawononga mitengo ya zipatso. Kulumikizana ndi magulu akulu, ndikuwopseza ndege zowuluka.

Mbalame zokhala ndi maulendo obwera zimabweretsa mutu waukulu makamaka kwa oyendetsa ndege pamtunda pa Rio de Janeiro Galeão International Airport. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo ake, zimakopeka ndi zinyalala za m'matauni, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti ndege zizibwera nthawi yomweyo.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo azisamba zachiwerewere, catharta yasowa kwambiri ku United States, motero amatetezedwa ndi boma.

Kupha kwake kapena kumangidwa popanda chiphaso kumakhala kulangidwa ndi chindapusa mpaka $ 15,000 kapena kumangidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Mbalameyi ndi ya banja la American amanjenje (Cathartidae) kuchokera ku dongosolo la Hawk-mawonekedwe (Accipitriformes). Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1793 ndi katswiri wazachipatala wa ku Germany, Johann Bechstein monga Vultus atratus. Ngakhale dzinalo lofanana, silimakhudzana ndi msambo wakuda (Aegypius monachus) wokhala ku Eurasia.

Ku Brazil, amatchedwa Uruba, pomwe m'chinenedwe cha amwenye Guarani amatanthauza khwangwala.

Khalidwe

Mitundu yakuda yaku America imatsogolera moyo wamasana. Masana, amakonza nthawi yayitali kumwamba, kufunafuna nyama. Mapiko akuwoneka bwino ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi amtundu wina, motero gawo loulukira limakhala lalifupi.

Poyerekeza ndi tinsomba touluka (Cathartes aura), zimawuluka kwambiri ndi mapiko zikuuluka, ndikuyenda mozungulira pamtunda. Kuti kuzizirira kutentha, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera pamapazi awo. Kufupika, chinyezi chomwe chimapezeka m'madzimawo chimaziziritsa bwino mitsempha ya m'miyendo ndi m'miyendo yotsika. Chifukwa cha urea, miyendo imakutidwa ndi zokutira yoyera.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ma syringes (mawu a mbalame), mphaka wakuda sangathe kumveka mokweza, motero amangokhala ndi phokoso pakung'ung'udza, kukuwa kapena kutulutsa mawu.

Mimbulu ya Urubu ili ndi mgwirizano ndipo imasonkhana mofunitsitsa m'magulu akulu kuti akafufuze chakudya, phwando lolumikizana komanso kugona usiku umodzi. Pambuyo pachakudya, amayimirira kwa nthawi yayitali padzuwa ali ndi mapiko otambasuka kuti athetse mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi 56-65 masentimita, mapiko a 140-152 cm.Ipi 1800-2500 g. Kuwala kwa dimorphism kulibe. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, mutu ndi wopanda tsitsi ndipo utoto wake wakuda kapena imvi. Khungu losasambitsidwa limakwinya.

Mlomo wakuda wodera umatha ndi nsonga yolowera. Imakhala yoyenera kubera khungu la nyama zakufa. Kapangidwe ka miyendo ndi mapazi kumakupatsani mwayi wosunthira mwachangu pamalo osasunthika.

Mchirawo ndi waufupi. Mapikowo ndi otambalala. Utawaleza wamaso ndi wakuda.

Chiyembekezo chokhala m'tchire ndi zaka pafupifupi 15. Ali mu ukapolo, ndi chisamaliro chabwino, msambo wakuda waku America amakhala zaka 20.

Zolemba

1. ↑Boehme R. L., Flint V.E. Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Mbalame. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French / Yosintha ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 37. - 2030 makopi. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
2. ↑ www.vultures.homestead.com/Black.html
3. ↑ [Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/infform/Coragyps_atratus.html ADW: Coragyps atratus: DZIWANI]

Malingaliro

• [www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i3260id.html Uruba ku www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov]
• Elliott, G. 2001. "Coragyps atratus" (Pa-line), Animal Diversity Web. Yapezeka pa Januware 03, 2007 pa Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/infform/Coragyps_atratus.html
• Lowney, M. 1999. Kuwonongeka kwa maukonde akuda ndi akambuku ku Virginia, 1990-1996. Bulletin ya Zinyama Zakuthengo, 27: 715-719.
• Terres, J. 1980. The Audubon Society: Encyclopedia of North America mbalame. New York: A Audubon Society
• [www.vultures.homestead.com/Black.html Vulture Uruba pa www.vultures.homestead.com]

Pafupifupi American Black Cattarte

Koma bambo yemweyo, yemwe adanyalanyaza mawu ake, nthawi imodzi konse m'ntchito yake yonse adanenapo mawu amodzi omwe samagwirizana ndi cholinga chokha chomwe adakwaniritsa pankhondo yonse. Mwachiwonekere, mwadzidzidzi, ndi chidaliro chachikulu kuti sakumumvetsa, iye mobwerezabwereza ananena malingaliro ake m'mikhalidwe yosiyana kwambiri. Kuyambira ku nkhondo ya Borodino, pomwe mkangano wake ndi omwe adakhala nawo adayambira, iye yekha adanena kuti nkhondo ya Borodino idapambana, ndipo adaibwereza mobwerezabwereza, ndipo m'mabuku, komanso malipoti a kumwalira kwake. Iye yekha adanena kuti kutayika kwa Moscow sikutaya Russia. Poyankha momwe a Loriston adayankhira pempho lamtendere, adayankha kuti sipangakhale mtendere, chifukwa izi ndi zomwe anthu akufuna, iye yekha, panthawi yobwerera ku France, adati zoyendetsa zathu zonse sizofunikira, kuti zonse zitha kuchita zokha popanda momwe timafunira mdani ayenera kupatsidwa mlatho wagolide womwe sufuna nkhondo za Tarutino, kapena Vyazemsky, kapena nkhondo za Krasnensky, kuti ndikofunikira kuti abwere m'malire ndi chilichonse, kuti sangapereke Russian chimodzi kwa French khumi.
Ndipo iye yekhayo, munthu wa khothi uyu, monga momwe tikujambulidwira, munthu amene wagona ku Arakcheev kuti akondweretse mfumu - iye yekhayo, bambo wa khothi, ku Vilna, poyenerera chisomo cha mfumuyi, akuti nkhondo yina yakunja ndiyodetsa ndi yopanda pake.
Koma mawu okha sakanatsimikizira kuti anazindikira tanthauzo la chochitikacho. Zochita zake - onse popanda kubwerera kocheperako, onse adalimbikira cholinga chomwecho, adafotokozeredwa m'machitidwe atatu: 1) kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse kuti athe kutsutsana ndi achi French, 2) kuwagonjetsa ndi 3) kuthamangitsa ku Russia, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta momwe zingathere masoka aanthu ndi ankhondo.
Iye, wosinthiratu wa Kutuzov, yemwe mutu wake ndi wopirira komanso nthawi, mdani wochitapo kanthu, amapereka Nkhondo ya Borodino, ndikumakonzekera mwachidwi. Iye, Kutuzov yemwe pa Nkhondo ya Austerlitz, asanayambe, akunena kuti otaika, ku Borodin, ngakhale akutsimikiziridwa ndi akulu akulu kuti nkhondo idatayika, ngakhale sanamvepo-bwino m'mbiri kuti asirikali akuyenera kubwerera pomwe nkhondo itapambana , iye yekha, wotsutsana ndi onse, mpaka imfa yake imati nkhondo ya Borodino ndiyopambana. Iye yekha panthawi yobwerera amalimbikira kuti asapereke nkhondo zomwe tsopano sizikuthandiza, osayamba nkhondo yatsopano komanso osadutsa malire a Russia.
Tsopano ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la mwambowu, pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito zochita za anthu ambiri, chifukwa chochitika chonsecho chili ndi ife.
Koma zikadatheka bwanji kuti munthu wachikulireyu, yekhayekha, mosiyana ndi malingaliro a onse, amalingalira panthawiyo, kuti azilingalira mozama tanthauzo la tanthauzo ladzikoli, kuti anali asanamupereke pa ntchito yake yonse?
Gwero la mphamvu yapaderayi yakuzindikira tanthauzo la zochitika zimagona mu malingaliro otchuka omwe iye anali nawo mwa kuyera konse ndi mphamvu.
Kuzindikirika kokha kwa kumverera kumeneku mwa iye kunapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala mwanjira zachilendo motere zochititsa manyazi za wokalambayo yemwe anali pomwepo anamusankha iye motsutsana ndi zofuna za mfumu pakuyimira oyimira kunkhondo. Ndipo kungomva kumeneku kumamuika pamalo apamwamba kwambiri omwe iye, wamkulu-wamkulu, adawongolera ankhondo ake onse kuti asaphe ndi kuwononga anthu, koma kuti awapulumutse ndi kuwamvera chisoni.
Munthu wophweka, wofatsa, komanso wopambana, sangagone ngati munthu wankhondo waku Europe yemwe amayang'anira anthu omwe mbiri yakale idayamba.
Kwa munthu woyenda pansi sipangakhale munthu wamkulu, chifukwa munthu wothamanga ali ndi lingaliro lake la ukulu.

Novembara 5 linali tsiku loyamba la nkhondo yotchedwa Krasnensky. Lisanathe, pomwe, pambuyo pa mikangano yambiri ndi zolakwa za akazitape omwe adapita njira yolakwika, atatumiza adjutant ndi ma counter counter, pomwe zinaonekeratu kuti mdani akuthamanga kulikonse ndipo sipakanakhala nkhondo, Kutuzov adachoka ku Krasnoye ndikupita ku Zabwino, pomwe nyumba yayikulu idasamutsidwa lero.
Tsikulo linali losawoneka bwino. Kutuzov, wokhala ndi gulu lalikulu la asitikali oseketsa kumbuyo kwake, anakwera kavalo woyera wonunkhira kupita kwa Abwino. Msewu wonse wadzaza anthu, kudziwotcha kozungulira moto, akaidi ambiri aku France omwe atengedwa lero (panali anthu 7,000 omwe adatengedwa tsiku lomwelo). Pafupi ndi Zabwino, gulu lalikulu la anthu odukaduka, omangidwa ndi wokutidwa omangidwa omangika ndi mawu omangika, atayima pamsewu pafupi ndi mzere wautali wamfuti zachifaransa. Pomwe mkulu wa wamkuluyo amayandikira, chilankhuliricho chinangokhala chete, ndipo onse atayang'ana Kutuzov, yemwe atavala chipewa chofiyira komanso thonje, komwe anali atanyamula mapewa ake, anagwedezeka pang'ono panjira. M'modzi mwa akuluakuluwo adati ku Kutuzov komwe mfuti ndi akaidi adatengedwa.

Mitundu: Coragyps atratus (Bechstein, 1793) = Vulture-Urubu, cataract wakuda

Vulture-Uruba (Coragyps atratus) imadziwikanso kuti catartha yakuda, ndi am'banja la mikango yaku America. Mtunduwu umakhala kudera la America, kutsatira malo omwe kumatentha komanso kotentha.

Vulture-Urubu ndi mbalame yayikulu yotalika masentimita 50-69 ndi mapiko m'lifupi mwake 137-152 masentimita, ndi kulemera kwa thupi kuyambira 1.1 mpaka 1.9 kg. Zowonjezera zambiri za thupi ndi zakuda, kupatula mbali yam'munsi ya nthenga zamapiko, pomwe pali madontho akulu oyera. Palibe nthenga pamutu ndi kumtunda kwa khosi, khungu m'malo ano limawoneka lonyota kwambiri, imvi yakuda. Mlomo ndi wautali, wofowoka, wamdima, wowerama kumapeto. Mapikowo ndi otalika, lalitali. Matata amtundu wakuda, wakuda, wosinthika kwambiri chifukwa chothamangira pansi kuposa kukhala panthambi. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, wopindika. Kuuluka ndikuwuluka mlengalenga. Kuyerekeza kugonana sikunatchulidwe, ndiye kuti, akazi samasiyana kunja kwa amuna. Achinyamata ali ofanana mwamakhalidwe ndi mbalame zokhwima.

Kugawa: Mtunduwu umagawidwa kudera lalikulu la North and South America, malire akumpoto kwa malowa amadutsa kumwera kwa Canada. M'nyengo yozizira, anthu akumpoto amasamukira kumwera.

Wokonzekera amatsegula malo, amayesa kupewa nkhalango zokhala ndi udzu wandiweyani. Amatha kupezeka m'malo otsetsereka okhala ndi mapiri oyandikana, minda, malo achipululu, zopezeka pansi komanso mkati mwa mzindawu.

Vhungwa-Urubu ndi mbalame yodontha, ndiye kuti yamphongo imasamalira mkazi m'modzi yekha. Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba mu Januware mpaka Julayi, ndimtundu wambiri wa ntchito mu Marichi ndi Epulo, kwa nyengoyo azimayiwo amakhala ndi zinyalala chimodzi. Ubwenzi ungaphatikizepo kuthamangitsa wina ndi mnzake, kukwera m'mwamba m'mlengalenga, kutsatiridwa ndi kutsitsa komanso kuvina pansi. Mazira amaikidwa m'maenje amitengo kapena pamipanda yamitengo pamtunda wamtunda wa 3-4.5 pamtunda, pansi pamapanga osaya, m'mphepete mwa matanthwe, pansi pamtunda wamizere, pansi pamiyala, m'miyala yamitengo yolowa, nyumba zosiyidwa, m'miyala yamakomo . Chisa chapadera sichikumangidwa. Malo omwewo akugona amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo.

Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amaikira mazira 1-3 (nthawi zambiri 2). Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 37-55 (malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, masiku 32-41), pambuyo pake anapiye amtambo. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo gawo pazokolola ndi kudyetsa anapiye, kuwakhazikitsa kunawabweretsa chakudya. Zokwanira zonse za mbalame zazing'ono zimapezeka masiku 63-70. Pakakhala undende, ana osakanikirana nthawi zina amatha kuwonekera khosi la Urubu komanso khosi la Turkey.

Zomera zamtchire za Uruba zili ndi ndege yochepa, yomwe imakhala ndi mapiko angapo akuuluka, kenako ndikuwongolera kwakanthawi, koma zimakhulupirira kuti imawuluka kwambiri komanso yayitali kuposa mtundu wake wamtchire. Padziko lapansi, amalumpha ngati nkhuku zowawa.

Amadya zovunda, nthawi yosaka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka masana, imayamba kuwombera kamphepo kofunda, ndikuyang'ana munthu wovulala padziko lapansi. Ikayandikira zotsalira za nyama, imachita zinthu mokwiyira kwa mbalame zina zapafupi, ndikuziwongolera bwino, makamaka khosi la nkhata. Ikakumana ndi ngozi ndikudya, imabweza m'mbuyo kuti izitha kuuluka mosavuta.

Ming'alu ya Uruba imadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zopanda kanthu; mukamagawana chakudya, nthawi zina zimamveka ngati kulira, kukuwa kapena kungokhala chete. Ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino, yosochera pamagulu akulu pakusaka kapena usiku. Imasinthika mosavuta ndi kukhalapo kwa munthu, nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pagulu.

Mphepo zamtundu wa Uruba zimadya zovunda ndipo zimatha kufunafuna chakudya m'dera lamapfumbi, nyumba zophera, njira zotchingira zinyalala ndi misewu yayikulu. Nthawi zina amasaka anapiye azitsamba ndi abakha abwinowa, nawonso amadya mazira. Amatha kuthana ndi ana ang'ono akhanda, mbalame zazing'ono ndi anyani, ma skunks ,amu, akamba ana. Nthawi zina zipatso zamphepo kapena zowola za masamba ndi masamba zimadyedwa. Posankha zakudya, sizothandiza.