Takulandirani patsamba 404! Muli pano chifukwa mudalowa adilesi ya tsamba lomwe kulibenso kapena komwe kwasunthidwa ku adilesi ina.

Tsamba lomwe mwapempha mwina lisunthidwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Ndizothekanso kuti mwapanga typo yaying'ono mukalowa adilesi - izi zimachitika ngakhale nafe, kotero fufuzani mosamala.

Chonde gwiritsani ntchito njira yosakira kapena yosakira kuti mupeze zambiri zomwe mukufuna. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, lembani kwa oyang'anira.

Agologolo

Mapuloteni (lat. Sciurus) - mtundu wa makoswe a banja la gologolo. Kuphatikiza pamtundu womwewo Sayansi, mapuloteni amatchedwanso oimira angapo a banja la gologolo la mapuloteni ofiira a genera (Tamiasciurus), agologolo a mgwalangwa (Funambulus) ndi ena ambiri. Za mtundu woyenera Sayansi, ndiye kuti imaphatikiza pafupifupi mitundu 30 yomwe imapezeka ku Europe, North ndi South America komanso kotentha kwa Asia.

Mu Latin sciurus - kubwereka kuchokera ku Greek ina. , "gologolo", ndi kuchokera kuσσσάά ὐράὐρά, kwenikweni "mtsi-mchira".

Zina zambiri

Mitundu ya mapuloteni wamba imaphatikizidwa mu fuko la Sciurini limodzi ndi genera ina.

Ili ndi thupi lalitali ndi mchira wautali wopendekera, makutu atali, utoto wakuda ndi pamimba yoyera, nthawi zina imvi (makamaka nthawi yozizira). Amapezeka kulikonse kupatula Australia. Squirrel ndi gwero la ubweya wofunikira.

Chimodzi mwazidziwitso zodziwika bwino za agologolo ambiri ndikutha kwawo kusunga mtedza nthawi yachisanu. Mitundu ina ya agologolo amawabisa pansi, enanso amabisala m'maenje a mitengo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kukumbukira zosavomerezeka za mitundu ina ya agologolo, makamaka sulufufu, kumathandizira kupulumutsa nkhalango, chifukwa amakumba mtedza pansi ndikuiwala zaiwo, ndipo mitengo yatsopano imatuluka m'mbewu zomwe zidaphukira.

Nthawi zambiri amadya masamba okhala ndi mapuloteni, zakudya ndi mafuta. Nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa agologolo ndikumayambiriro kwamasika, pomwe mbewu zoyikidwa m'manda zimayamba kumera ndipo sizingathenso kukhala chakudya, ndipo zatsopano sizinakhwime. Munthawi imeneyi, mapuloteni amadya masamba a mitengo, makamaka mapulo asiliva. Mapuloteni ndi ochulukirapo: kuwonjezera mtedza, mbewu, zipatso, bowa ndi masamba obiriwira, zimadyanso tizilombo, mazira, ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono, komanso mamina ndi achule. Nthawi zambiri, chakudyachi chimalocha m'malo ena otentha a protein.

Agologolo m'malo okhala amatha kudyetsa kuchokera kwa odyetsa mbalame, kukumba mbewu zobzalidwa posaka mbewu ndikukhazikika mzipinda zokhala ngati attics. Ma squirrel amapezeka kuti agulitsidwa.

Mano a mapuloteni nthawi zonse amakhala akuthwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapera (m'makutu, mano amakula nthawi zonse). Agologolo amawoneka ngati tizirombo - eni nyumba omwe ali ndi gulu lalikulu la agologolo ayenera kutseka mosamala zipinda zawo ndi ma attic, popeza agologolo amatha kukonza zisa zawo pamenepo kapena kuwononga chilichonse. Ena amafalitsa tsitsi la nyama zapakhomo (agalu kapena amphaka) m'malo apansi ndi zipinda zapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa gologolo kumva kupezeka kwa mdani m'malo ano. Zowopsa nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi nyama, ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri yolepheretsera chinthu kuti chiwonongeke ndicho kuthira mafuta ndi chinthu chinale, monga tsabola wakuda. Nthawi zina misampha imakonzedwa ndi agologolo kenako amawatengera kutali ndi kwawo.

Mapuloteni amatha kutsitsidwa chifukwa chodyetsa manja. Popeza amatha kubisala chakudya chochuluka, adzalandira zochuluka kuchokera kwa inu zomwe mumapereka. Ngati munthu ayamba kudyetsa gologoloyo, imabweza kwa iye tsiku limodzi. Agogo okhala m'mapaki ndi minda mkati mwa mzindawo, adziwa kale kuti munthu ndi gwero la chakudya. Sikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa agologolo m'manja mwanu - atha kutenga kachilombo kapena matenda ena, kuvulaza dzanja lanu kapena kuvulaza kuluma.

Agologolo ali mochenjera kwambiri akuba mtedza. Nyama imabowola zonse ziwiri pansi komwe zimayamwa ndi mtedzowo. Nsagwada yam'munsi ya mapuloteni imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri zolumikizidwa ndi minofu yolimba. Agologolowo akadzawakoka pamodzi, zokolekazo zimasunthira kumbali ndipo, ngati mphero yomwe imayendetsedwa mu dzenje, kudula mtedzawu pakati.

Mapuloteni amatha kuyambitsa magetsi, kupangitsa mizere yochepa pazida zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri. Ku United States, agologolo kawiri konse m'mbiri adayambitsa kutsika kwa NASDAQ yamalonda apamwamba kwambiri ndikuyambitsa kutayika pa Yunivesite ya Alabama. Nthawi zambiri amawaza mano awo kunthambi za mitengo, koma akulephera kusiyanitsa nthambi ndi zingwe zamagetsi. Pakadali pano, zikopa za mphira zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mawaya.

Chimodzi mwazakudya zodziwika bwino zama protein ndi mtedza. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi asayansi awonetsa kuti trypsin, mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu msuzi waiwisi, amasokoneza kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni m'matumbo. Dr. James K. Kieswetter alangiza agologolo kuti azawotcha mtedza. Komabe, asayansi ena akunena kuti mtedza wamtundu uliwonse, komanso mbewu za mpendadzuwa, sizabwino mapuloteni, popeza ndizosowa muzakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni apange matenda a mafupa a metabolic.

1. squirrel fur

Kwa ife, chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha gologolo wofiira. Koma izi ndizotalikirana ndi mitundu yake yonse yosankha. Kupaka utoto kumatengera nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira kapena otuwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala ndi imvi kapena bulauni. Koma pamimba, mosasamala za nyengo, imakhalabe yopepuka.

Koma mwa iwo palinso ma piebald akuda oyera, ma piebald (okhala ndi malo owala) komanso mapuloteni a albino. Pakukongoletsa, njira imodzi imawonedwa - pafupi kwambiri pakati pa malo awo okhala, chowalacho ndi chovalacho.

Kawiri pachaka, gologolo amasintha chovala chake. Choyamba mu kasupe - mu Epulo-Meyi, ndipo kenako kugwa - kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Kusungunuka kwamasika kumayamba ndi mutu ndi thupi, ndipo kusungunuka kwa nthawi yophukira kumayamba ndi mchira. Zitha posachedwa bwanji, komanso momwe chovalacho chikhala chokongola, zimadalira kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amapezeka ndi nyengo.

Agologolo wakuda

2. Moyo

Alfred Bram, chifukwa cha ukalamba komanso kupusa kwake, adatcha gologolo "nyani wakumpoto." Amalumpha mosavuta kuchoka pamtengo kupita pamtengo. Mtunda wa mamita 3-4 si chopinga chachikulu kwa iye. Pansi amayenda ang'ono kudumphadumpha. Ngati gologoloyo akuwona zoopsa, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo amakwera mtengo wapafupi.

Kusuntha padziko lapansi Ndikudumpha

3. Zisamba za agologolo

Gologolo ndi nkhalango ndizinthu ziwiri zosagwirizana. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri amakhala pamitengo, kupatula nthawi yosamukira komanso nyengo yobereketsa. Apa, nyamayo imadzipangira zokhazokha zokhala ndi zisa zotchedwa spherical zisa, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti Guinea. Kapena, chifukwa cha kumenya kwake ndi thukuta, akupambana kanyumba kapena chisa kapena akukhalamo zopanda kanthu.

Gulu la squirrel - Guyna

Mkati mwa chisa mumadzaza masamba, masamba, udzu kapena udzu wamatabwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, komwe pakufunika kukonzedwa, kumanjenjemera ndikumanga padenga. M'nyengo yozizira, agologolo atatu mpaka 6 amatha kugona chisa chimodzi, kutenthetsa wina ndi mzake ndikutseka khomo ndi moss. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yachisanu yozizira, kutentha mu chisa kumafika madigiri 15-20. Mu agologolo ozizira kwambiri ochokera "kuchipinda" kwawo samasilira.

M'mbuna

Makoko awa alibe chisa chimodzi chokhazikika. Ali ndi angapo a iwo: ogona, ana kapena pogona nyengo. Ndipo izi sizosavuta, koma chofunikira, chifukwa majeremusi amayambira msanga chisa ndipo njira yokhayo yowachotsera ndikusintha malo omwe amakhala. Nthawi zina gologolo mmodzi amakhala ndi zisa zingapo kuyambira 5 mpaka 15. Chikazi chimanyamula chaching'ono ndi iye.

Wamkazi wokhala ndi gologolo

Chisa cha agologolo chili ndi kutuluka kawiri: chachikulu ndi chopanda, chomwe chimayang'aniridwa kumtengowo, kotero kuti pakavulala pakhoza kupulumuka mwachangu ndikuthawa mdani.

3. Kusuntha kwa mapuloteni

Pamapeto kwa chilimwe - chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira, agologolo amayambira nthawi yosamuka. Pakadali pano, agologolo samapanga timagulu tambiri, koma amayenda okha. Chochititsa chofala kwambiri cha izi ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, moto wamatchi kapena chilala.

Agologolo amatha kusamukira onse kwa kanthawi kochepa (kupita kunkhalango yapafupi), komanso mtunda wautali (mpaka 100-300 km). Pakadali pano, nyamazo ndizokonzekera chilichonse, ngakhale kuwoloka mitsinje yaying'ono ndi ma bays. Nthawi zina mayendedwe awo amadutsa m'midzi. Tsoka ilo, nyama zambiri panthawi yosamukira zimafa ndi njala, kuzizira, zilombo zolusa kapena zimangomizidwa.

4. Chakudya

Chakudya chachikulu cha agologolo ndi mbewu za conifers: paini, larch, spruce, fir ndi ena. Ma protein omwe amapezeka m'matumbo amapezeka kuti ali ndi matumbo mwaukadaulo. Mumphindi zitatu zimangosiyira mulu wokha kuchokera pa koni yaying'ono. Pamalo oterewa kwa tsiku limodzi, gologolo pang'ono amatha kutsanulira 15 ndi spine 100 za pine.

Kupukuta

Kuphatikiza pa iwo, agologolo amasangalala kudzichitira okha ndi ma hazelnuts, ma acorn, zipatso, mphukira ndi masamba, masamba, bowa, ma rhizomes, tubers, komanso ma lichens. Munthawi yanjala kapena nthawi ya kubereka, sizimanyoza tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, komanso anapiye, mazira ndi tiana tating'ono. Mwambiri, ma protein ndi omnivores.

5. Masheya

Amasankha zakudya zochepa zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yozizira. Agogo amapanga nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale kapena kumakayika chakudya pakati pamizu, kenako nkuiwala mopepuka ndipo satha kuiwalanso. Uku ndiye kudziwika kwawo kukumbukira kwawo. Amawapeza mwangozi, omwe amasangalala kwambiri.

Nyama zina, mbalame ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndizosangalala kugwiritsa ntchito zokumbukira zazing'ono za gologolo, ndipo gologoloyu nthawi zina amadya misempha ndi mbewa, zomwe zimapeza mosavuta ngakhale pansi pa chipale chofewa.

6. Kuberekanso

Nthawi yakuswana, amuna amakhala olimbana kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakangana. Amuna mpaka amuna 6 amatha kuthamangitsa wamkazi mmodzi nthawi.

Pambuyo pa mating, mapuloteni amatumizidwa kuti amange chisa cha ana. Mu litala limodzi muli ana atatu kapena 10, omwe 1-4 okha ndi omwe amapulumuka. Pakuwala amawonekera akulemera magalamu 8 okha, amaliseche ndi khungu. Pakatha milungu iwiri, amayamba kuphimbidwa ndi ubweya, pakatha mwezi umodzi amayamba kuwona ndipo amasankhidwa kale pachisa. Kufikira miyezi 1.5, mayiyo amawadyetsa mkaka. Pakatha milungu 8-10, amachoka kale kunyumba ya makolo. Nthawi yayitali pakati pa ana ndi pafupifupi 13 milungu.

Gologolo wa masabata awiri

7. Adani a gologolo

Agogo amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe osaposa zaka 4, pamene malo osungira nyama amakhala zaka 10 mpaka 12. Kodi zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi zaka zazitali kwambiri ndi ziti? Choyambirira, m'malo otambalala kwambiri m'nkhalangoyi pali nyama zambiri zamtchire zomwe zimatha kusangalala ndi zokongola izi.

Mdani wowopsa kwambiri kwa gologolo ndi pine marten, ndipo osati konse kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi. Mutha kuthawa mbalameyi mukazindikira kuti ikuyandikira nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zamphamvu zopulumutsira sizachilendo: pakachitika vuto, gologolo amayamba kuthamangitsana mumtengowo pomazungulira, kubisala kwa mbalame ija kuseri kwa thunthu. Zotsatira zake, kadzidzi amayenera kuuluka mozungulira mtengo, potaya nthawi yamtengo wapatali.

Kachiwiri, kuwonjezera pa mbalame zodya nyama ndi nyama zina, mapuloteni amafa ndi majeremusi komanso matenda osiyanasiyana.

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Gologolo wamba, kapena vexa (lat. Sciurus vulgaris), ndi makoswe ochokera ku banja la gologolo. Woyimira yekha wa gologolo ku fauna waku Russia. Pamalankhulidwe opeka ndi nthano zambiri amatchedwa "gologolo wofiira." Nyama yaying'ono iyi yam'manja, yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zathu, imasangalatsa ana ndi akulu omwe. Monga lamulo, kukongola kwa tsitsi lofiira nthawi zambiri kumatanganidwa kwambiri ndi china chake: mwina amatayika bowa panthambi kuti ziume, ndiye amayang'anitsitsa mosamala ndikuyesa mtedzawu kuti udulidwe. Gologolo, ngakhale m'mbuyomu, chinali chinthu chachikulu chogulitsa ubweya, kumene, pambuyo pa nkhandwe ya Arctic. Ndipo zikopa zake zinali zofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe kake - zoyera. Kuchokera apa dzina lamakono la nyama iyi lidabwera.

Uwu ndi ndodo yaying'ono yokongola yokhala ndi thupi lochepera komanso mchira wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi chikopa. Kutalika kwakanthawi kwa thupi lake ndi kuyambira 19,5 mpaka 28 cm, 2/3 ina imagwera mchira wokhazikika, womwe umagwira ngati mkondo. Ndipo gologoloyuyo amalumpha wamtopola - mamita 3-4 pamzere wowongoka ndi mamita 10-15 panjira yotsika. Mwina kulumpha kumeneku ndikosavuta kwa iye chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kopepuka - 250 mpaka 300 g. Kuphatikiza apo, miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndiyotalikirapo kuposa kutsogolo kwake, ndipo zala zake zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba. Makutu atali ndi mbewa zazing'ono, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Vibrissas yokhala ndi chidwi chapadera sichikongoletsa kokha muzzle, komanso miyendo yakutsogolo ndi pamimba. Kwa ife, chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha gologolo wofiira. Koma izi ndizotalikirana ndi mitundu yake yonse yosankha. Kupaka utoto kumatengera nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira kapena otuwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala ndi imvi kapena bulauni. Koma pamimba, mosasamala za nyengo, imakhala yopepuka kuposa yoyera kapena yoyera. Kawiri pachaka, gologolo amasintha chovala chake. Choyamba mu kasupe - mu Epulo-Meyi, ndipo kenako kugwa - kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Kusungunuka kwamasika kumayamba ndi mutu ndi thupi, ndipo kusungunuka kwa yophukira kumayamba ndi mchira. Zitha posachedwa bwanji, komanso momwe chovalacho chikhala chokongola, zimadalira kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amapezeka ndi nyengo. Kuti kuzizira kuzizira, agologolo wamba amakula ubweya wopepuka komanso wowonda, koma m'chilimwe amasintha kapangidwe kake, ndikusintha kafupi, kolimba komanso kosowa.

Mapuloteni amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowerengeka komanso zosakanikirana, makamaka komwe mungapeze mbewu zambiri, mtedza kapena ma acorn. Sawopa kubzala zachikhalidwe ndipo amakhala mosangalala m'mapaki, m'minda ndi m'minda yamphesa. Khalidwe limakonda kukhala lamatope. Gologolo ndi nyama yosangalatsa, yolimba.

Munthawi yopanda chipale chofewa, komanso nthawi yopuma, amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, pomwe amasunthira kosatalika mpaka 1 mita. M'nyengo yozizira, amasunthira "pamwamba". Pakakhala zoopsa, imabisala mumitengo, nthawi zambiri imabisala korona. Yogwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, kuyambira 60% mpaka 80% ya nthawi ino mukuyang'ana chakudya. Pakutentha nyengo yachisanu, imasiya chisa pokhapokha kudyetsa, ndipo nthawi yozizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yoipa imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali chisa, kugwa mkhola lakuwala (komabe, imagwera nthawi yayitali, mosiyana ndi agologolo oyenda pansi, ziguduli kapena chipmunks). Osati malo, tsambalo silifotokozedwa bwino.

Gologolo wamba gologolo amangokonzekera mitengo. M'nkhalango zowola, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mabowo, imakoka zofunda kuchokera ku udzu, mitengo yotsekemera, ndi masamba owuma pamenepo. Mu conifers, imamanga zisa zozungulira kuchokera ku nthambi zouma (ziphuphu), zomwe zimalekedwa mkati ndi moss, masamba, udzu, ubweya. Pachitetezo cha chisa ndi 25-30 masentimita, imakhala foloko munthambi kapena pakati pa nthambi zazitali kutalika kwa 7-15 m. Squirrel imakhalanso mnyumba zopanga mbalame. Amuna nthawi zambiri samamanga zisa, koma amakhala ndi zisa zopanda akazi kapena zakuda, makumi anayi, akhwangwala. Monga lamulo, nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi zisa zingapo (mpaka 15), ndipo masiku awiri aliwonse gologolo amasintha malo ake, mwachidziwikire, amathawa majeremusi. Yaikazi imanyamula ana ake m'mano. M'nyengo yozizira, agologolo 3-6 amatha kuzizira mu chisa chimodzi, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha.

Zakudya zamapuloteni ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 130 ya chakudya, pomwe chochuluka ndicho mbewu za conifers: spruce, pine wamba, mkungudza wa ku Siberia, fir, larch.Madera akumwera, pomwe nkhalango za oak zimamera ndi udzu wobiriwira, zimadyanso ma acorns ndi ma hazelnuts. Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteniwo amadya bowa (makamaka deer truffle), masamba ndi mphukira za mitengo, zipatso, tubers ndi ma rhizomes, lichens, herbaceous zomera. Kugawana kwawo muzakudya kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi kulephera kwa chakudya chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri, mapuloteni wopanda zipatso amadyera masamba a spruce, ndikuwononga izi. Nthawi yakuswana, sizimanyoza chakudya cha nyama - tizilombo ndi mphutsi, mazira, anapiye, tating'ono tating'ono. Pambuyo pa nthawi yozizira, gologoloyo amakola mafupa a nyama zakufa, kupita kumiyeso ya mchere. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatengera nyengo: kasupe, nthawi yophukira, mapuloteni amadya mpaka 80 g patsiku, nthawi yozizira - 35 g okha.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti ma cones omwe amatchetcha ndimapuloteni amasintha mosavuta ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu oyenda kapena mitengo. Nyamazo zimaluma mamba m'munsi, kungosiyira ndodo zokha kumapeto.

Kwa nthawi yozizira, mapuloteniwa amapanga nkhokwe zing'onozing'ono za acorns, mtedza, ma cones, kuzikokera m'maenje kapena kuyika pakati pa mizu, komanso kumaphwetsa bowa, ndikuwakhomera panthambi. Zowona, amaiwala msanga nyumba zawo zosungiramo zinthu ndipo amazipeza mwamwayi m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe nyama zina zimagwiritsa ntchito - mbalame, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale bulu wamtchire komanso chimbalangondo chofiirira. Zina mwazigulu za agologolo zimamera mchaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ikonzedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, gologolo weniweniyo amagwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe za nyama zina (chipmunk, pine nati, jay, mbewa), zomwe zimapeza mosavuta ngakhale pansi pa chipale chofunda cha 1.5 m.

Kusunthika kwakukulu kwa mapuloteni amayamba chifukwa cha chilala ndi moto wamitengo, koma nthawi zambiri mbewu zolephera zazikuluzikulu - mbewu za conifers ndi mtedza. Kusamukira kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kugwa koyambirira. Nthawi zambiri, agologolo amasamukira pafupi nkhalango ina, koma nthawi zina amasunthira kwakutali - mpaka 250-300 km. Agologolo osunthika amatsogola kutsogolo (nthawi zina makilomita 100-300) limodzi, popanda kupanga magulu ndi magulu ambiri, kupatula zopinga zachilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama zambiri zimamira, zimafa ndi njala, kuzizira komanso zilombo.

Kuphatikiza pa kusamuka kwakukuru, gologolo amadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusinthasintha kosasintha kwa chakudya komanso kusintha kwa nyama zazing'ono kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kukula kwachinyamata kumakhazikika mu Ogasiti - Seputembala komanso mu Okutobala - Novembala, nthawi zina makilomita 70-350 kutali ndi malo okhala. Ndi chakudya, nyengo zosamuka zimatha kusamukira. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo la anthu akuluakulu limakhalapobe, ndimakudya wamba, amasinthana ndi kudya zakudya zama calorie ochepera kwambiri (impso, lichens, singano, makungwa a mphukira zazing'ono). Ndi chifukwa cha gululi kuti anthu am'deralo amabwezeretsedwa.

Mapuloteni ndi ochulukirapo. Mwa gawo lalikulu la masitepe 1-2 amabweretsedwa, zigawo zakumwera - mpaka 3 litters. Nyengo yobereketsa, kutengera nyengo, chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, imayamba kumapeto kwa Januware - koyambirira kwa Marichi ndipo imatha mu Julayi - Ogasiti. Pa nthawi yotsika, amuna amuna a 66 amakhala pafupi ndi akazi, omwe amawonetsa kuti amakonda kupikisana nawo - amalira mokweza, akumenya miyendo panthambi ndikuthamangirana. Pambuyo pokomera ndi wopambana, njirayi imamanga chisa cha ana (nthawi zina 2-3), imakhala yoyera komanso yayikulu.

Mimba imatenga masiku 35-38, kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 cubs mu zinyalala, zochepa mu zinyalala zachiwiri. Agogo ongobadwa kumene ali amaliseche komanso akhungu, olemera pafupifupi magalamu 8. Zowongolera tsitsi lawo zimawonekera patsiku la 14, amangowona patsiku la 30-32. Kuyambira pano, ayamba kutuluka chisa. Mkaka umadyetsedwa mpaka masiku 40-50. Ali ndi zaka 8-10 masabata, mayiyo amachoka. Amakwanitsa kutha msinkhu m'miyezi 9-12. Atakulitsa zinyalala zoyambirira, mkaziyo amadya pang'ono ndi kukwatiranso. Nthawi yayitali pakati pa ana ndi pafupifupi 13 milungu. Mu Okutobala - Novembala, agologolo amakhala 2/3, ndipo nthawi zina 75-80%, a ana agologolo.

Adani a gologolo ndi kadzidzi, goshawk, pine marten ku Europe ku Russia, kotheka ku Asia gawo ndi harza ku Far East. Pansi agwidwa ndi nkhandwe ndi amphaka. Komabe, zilombo sizimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu. Zochuluka za kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni zimakhudza kusowa kwa chakudya ndi ma epizootic. Ma epizootic nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndipo ambiri amakhala mchaka. Mapuloteni amafa ndi coccidiosis, tularemia, hemorrhagic septicemia, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphutsi, nkhupakupa ndi utitiri.

Pamaukapolo, mapuloteni amakhalapo mpaka zaka 10-12, koma m'chilengedwe, puloteni wamkulu kuposa zaka 4 ndi zakale. Gawo la nyama zoterezi pamikhalidwe yabwino sizidutsa 10%.

Squirrel ndi nyama yofunikira ya ubweya, imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zogulitsa ubweya ku Russia. M'masiku a Soviet Union, nyama iyi inali yachiwiri makamaka kuwoneka molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zopanda kanthu, koma masiku ano, zikopa zalandiratu mpaka zero.

Kufotokozera kwamapuloteni

Mitundu ya Sciurus imagwirizanitsa pafupi mitundu makumi atatu yomwe imasiyana m'malo ndi malo okhala, komanso mtundu ndi kukula kwake. Mtundu wodziwika bwino mdziko lathu komanso maiko akunja ndi Common squirrel, kapena Hopsha (Sciurus vulgaris), wokhala ndi mbiri yakunja yodziwika bwino kuchokera ku gulu la a Mammals.

Mawonekedwe

Nyamayi imakhala ndi kukula kocheperako, yochepa thupi komanso yotalikirapo, komanso mchira wofunda kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamba wamba squirrel kumakhala pafupifupi 20-30 cm, ndipo mchirawo umakhala wofupikirapo. Nyama yonse yokhwima pakugonana sikhala yoposa 250-300 g. Mutuwu ndi wawung'ono kukula, wokulungidwa bwino, wokhala ndi makutu otambalala komanso ataliitali omwe amakongoletsa maile. Maso akulu, akuda. Mphuno ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ma subspecies odziwika kwambiri a Helsinki, omwe ali osiyana mawonekedwe awo akunja, ndi Central Russian ndi North European, West Siberian ndi Bashkir, Altai ndi Yakut, Transbaikal ndi Yenisei, Sakhalin agologolo, komanso teleutk.

Matako a makoswewo ndi ochepa kwambiri, ali ndi mawoko akuthwa komanso okutikika, ndipo kutsogolo kwake ndi kwakifupi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. M'mimba, muzzle ndi kutsogolo kumakutidwa ndi vibrissae, oyimiridwa ndi tsitsi losasunthika lomwe limagwira ntchito yamphamvu. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wa gologoloyo umakhala wolimba komanso wamfupi, ndipo nthawi yozizira ikamayamba amasintha - amakhala wonenepa komanso wautali, wofewa mokwanira.

Mtundu waubweya

"Chovala" cha agologolo chimadziwika ndi mtundu wina, womwe umadalira malo okhala ndi nyengo ndi nyengo, komanso mitundu ya nyama zomwe zimakonda nyama. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yachilimwe gologolo wamba amakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira kapena wonyezimira, ndipo nthawi yozizira chovalacho amakhala ndi matupi amtundu wakuda, wakuda komanso wonyezimira. Komabe, m'mimba mwa vexa mumakhala zowala chaka chonse.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Agogo ndi oimira m'nkhalangoyi, mwachilengedwe, anapatsa makalawo ndi “maluso” omwe amafananirako kuti apulumuke pamavuto anthawi imeneyi. Kuchuluka kwa moyo kumathera pamagulu agologolo pamitengo.

Nyama zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zonyansa, chifukwa chake zimatha kusuntha mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuchoka pachomera chimodzi kupita kwina. Kudumpha kwamtunda wamtundu waukulu ndikutikumbutsa za ndege yomwe ikukonzekera. Chifukwa cha miyendo yakumbuyo yomwe yakula bwino, makokowo amapatsidwa kukankha mwamphamvu, ndipo furry ndi mchira waukulu umateteza nyamayo ngati mtundu wololera ndi parachute nthawi yomweyo.

Ndizosangalatsa! Zovuta za agologolo zimakakamiza nyamayo kuti ichoke kumadera omwe akukhalamo ndikupita kukafunafuna malo atsopano, ndipo zomwe zimayambitsa kusamukira kumeneko nthawi zambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, chilala kapena moto wamoto.

Padziko lapansi, nyama zazing'ono komanso zotentha sizimakhala bata, motero zimayesetsa kuyenda mosamala, ndikupanga kulumikizana kwakanthawi. Poona zoopsa, mapuloteniwo amakwera nthawi yomweyo pamtengo, pomwe amakhala omasuka.

Mitundu ya Agologolo

Mtundu wa squirrel umaimiriridwa ndi mitundu ingapo:

• Gologolo wa Aberta (Sciurus aberti) Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 46-58 masentimita, ndipo mchirawo ndi wamkati mwa masentimita 19-25. Imakhala ndi masamba m'makutu, ubweya wa imvi wokhala ndi chingwe chofiirira chakumbuyo kumbuyo,
• Guiana gologolo (Maphunziro a Sciurus) Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira 20 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi wamtali wa 18.3 cm. Ubweya ndiwofiira wakuda.
• Allen squirrel (Sciurus alleni) Kutalika kwa thupi - mkati mwa 26.7 masentimita, ndi mchira - 16.9 masentimita. Furirani kumbuyo ndi mbali za utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi imvi komanso ufa wakuda,
• Caucasus, kapena gologolo wagalu (Sciurus anomalus). Kutalika kwa thupi - osapitilira mita imodzi ndi mchira kutalika - 13 mpaka 17 cm. Utoto wake ndi wowoneka bwino komanso wofanana, wa mtundu wa bulauni kumbali yakumaso ndipo wamtambo wamtambo mbali,
• Gologolo wokhala ndi golide (Sciurus aureogaster) Kutalika kwa thupi - 25,8 cm, mchira - osapitirira 25,5 cm,
• Karolinskaya (imvi) gologolo (Sciurus carolinensis) Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mkati mwa 38.0-52.5 cm, ndipo mchira siupitilira mita imodzi. Mtundu wa ubweya ndi imvi kapena yakuda,
• Squirrel Depp (Sciurus deppei) Mtunduwo umayimiriridwa ndi subspecies S.d. Deppei, S.d. Matagalpae, S.d. miravallensis, S.d. osasamala ndi S.d. vivax
• Moto, kapena gologolo wamoto (Sciurus flammifer) Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 27.4 masentimita ndipo mchirawo ndi wa 31. Ubweya pamutu ndi makutu ndi ofiira, kumtunda kwake ndi imvi ndi chikaso chakuda, ndipo m'mimba mwayera.
• Agologolo opaka khosi (Sciurus gilvigularis) Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira 16.6 cm, ndipo mchira 17.3 cm. Ubweya kumbuyo kumakhala kofiyira komanso tsitsi laimvi, ndipo m'mimba mumakhala mtundu wa lalanje.
• Utsi wofiira, kapena Gologolo wa Novogradnaya (Sciurus granatensis) Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mkati mwa 33-52 cm, ndipo mchirawo suoposa 14-28 cm. Ubweya kumbuyo ndi wofiira kwambiri, koma umatha kukhala imvi, wotumbulika chikasu kapena woderapo.
• Agogo akumadzulo (Sciurus griseus) Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-60 masentimita, ndipo mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 24-30 cm. Ubweya kumbuyo kumakhala siliva wonyezimira, ndipo m'mimba muli ndi mtundu woyera,
• Squirrel Bolivian (Sciurus ignitus) Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi pafupifupi 17-18 cm, ndipo mchirawo sukuposa masentimita 17. Ubweya kumbuyo kumakhala woderapo, mchira umakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira, ndipo m'mimba mumakhala utoto wamtambo wamtambo wakhungu.
• Squirrel wa Nayarit (Sciurus nayaritensis) Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi masentimita 28-30, ndipo mchirawo ndi wa 27-27 cm. Ubweya wake ndiwofewa, umakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kumaso,
• Chakuda, kapena gologolo nkhandwe (Sciurus niger) Kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 45-70, ndipo mchirawo ndi wamkati masentimita 20 mpaka 33. Ubweya wake ndi wofiirira kapena wachikasu kapena wakuda, ndipo pamimba pake ndi wopepuka.
• Agogo a Motley (Sciurus variegatoides) Kutalika kwa thupi kulibe kupitirira 22-34 cm, ndipo mchirawo uli mkati mwa masentimita 23 mpaka 33. Ubweya umatha kukhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana.
• Yucatan squirrel (Sciurus yucatanensis) Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mkati mwa 20-33 cm, ndipo mchirawo uli pamlingo wa 17-19 cm. kumbuyo kuli ubweya wa imvi wokhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi loyera. Tummy ndi mchenga kapena imvi.

Komanso mwaphunzira bwino Gologolo wa ku Arizona (Sciurus arizonensis), Collie gologolo (Sciurus colliaei) ndi Gologolo waku Japan (Sciurus lis).

Habitat, malo okhala

Gologolo wa Aberta ndi wokhalamo wam'mphepete mwa nkhalango kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, ndipo amapezekanso m'malo ambiri a Mexico. Agologolo a Guiana ali pangozi ku gawo la South America, amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, amakhala ku Brazil, Guyana, Suriname ndi Venezuela, komwe amapezeka m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki amumizinda.

Agogo a ku Persia ndi omwe amapezeka pachilumba cha Isthmus cha Caucasus ndi Middle East, amakhala anthu a Transcaucasia, Western ndi Asia Minor, Iran, zilumba za Gokchead ndi Lesbos ku Nyanja ya Aegean. Agogo a ku Arizona amakhala kumapiri apakati pa Arizona, komanso ku Sonora ku Mexico komanso kumadzulo kwa New Mexico. Agologolo agolide okhala ndi mitengo amathandizira kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Mexico, komanso akupezeka ku Guatemala. Mitunduyi idabweretsedwa mwamaukadaulo ku Florida Keys. Zodzikongoletsera zimapezeka m'malo otsika mpaka 3800 m komanso m'matawuni.

Ndizosangalatsa! Agologolo aku Carolina - anthu wamba akum'mawa kwa North America, amakhala kudera la kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Mississippi mpaka kumalire a kumpoto kwa Canada.

Agologolo akumera otuwa amagawana bwino pagombe lakumadzulo kwa America, kuphatikiza madera a Washington, California ndi Oregon. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu chimapezeka m'malo a nkhalango ku Nevada. Gulu la Yucatan squirrel limayimira zina mwa zilumba za Yucatan Peninsula, ndipo ena mwa anthuwa amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma za ku Mexico, Guatemala ndi Belize.

Gologolo gululi ndiwofalikira ku Mexico, wofala, koma wokhala ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri. Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango zowirira komanso m'malo otentha, komanso pafupifupi pagombe lonse la Pacific. Zomwe zikuchitika ku Costa Rica, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras ndi Guatemala, Nicaragua ndi Mexico zimaphatikizapo Deppa squirrel, ndipo agologolo a fox afalikira ku North America konse.

Mapuloteni okhala ndi khosi kumaso kwawo ali ku South America. Makoko ang'onoang'ono ngati amenewa amakhala kumpoto kwa Brazil, Guyana ndi Venezuela. Oimira mitundu ya agologolo aku Bolivia amapezeka kokha m'malo otentha ku Brazil ndi Bolivia, Colombia ndi Argentina, komanso ku Peru. Agologolo achi Japan amatha kupezeka kuzilumba za Japan, ndipo agologolo a Nayarit amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Arizona, komanso ku Mexico.

Zakudya zomanga thupi

Mitundu yonse ya mapuloteni amadya zakudya zokha zokha, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, mapuloteni komanso zakudya zamafuta. Nthawi yovuta kwambiri kuti mbewa yolimba iyambe kumayambiriro kwamasika, pomwe mbewu zomwe zinaikidwa m'dzinja zimayamba kumera mwachangu ndipo sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chakudya. M'miyezi yophukira, agologolo amayamba kudya masamba amitengo yosiyanasiyana.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mapuloteni si nyama zamtchire zokha komanso ndi ochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, mtedza, bowa ndi zipatso, komanso mitundu yonse yazomera zobiriwira zobiriwira, zolengedwa zotere zimatha kudya tizilombo, mazira, ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono, komanso achule. Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chotere chimadziwika ngati agologolo omwe akukhala m'maiko otentha.

Zinyama zapakhomo zimadyetsedwa

• bowa watsopano ndi wowuma
• mbewu za ma cones
• mtedza
• ma acorn
• kucha kucha
• kucha zipatso
• mphukira, masamba, mtengo wamtengo,
• zosakaniza zapadera makoswe am'nyumba.

Agogo amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenerera kuti ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi malo okhala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya kuchokera kwa mbalame zodyera chakudya, ndipo nthawi zina amakhalanso mzipinda zogona mansard. Nthawi zambiri, makulidwe ang'onoang'ono ngati amenewo amawerengedwa ngati tizirombo amene amawononga mbewu.

Komabe, mtedza amadziwika kuti ndiwo amakonda kwambiri agologolo. Nyama mosamala imalowetsa zofunikira zake ziwiri zamkati mmalo mwa kuphatikiza kwa nati kwa nthambi. Kugundika kwa mbali ziwiri za nsagwada ya m'munsi, yolumikizidwa ndi minofu yotanuka, kumayambitsa kupatuka pang'ono kwa zoyambitsa mbali zosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti mtedzowo umagawika pakati.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Kuthengo, pansi pa chilengedwe, agologolo amabala ana awiri pachaka, ndipo kuchokera pa zinyalala ziwiri mpaka khumi amabadwa. Kutalika kwa pakati pa akazi amitundu mitundu ya mapuloteni amasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu gologolo wamba, ana amabadwa pafupifupi masiku 22-39, ndipo imvi - agologolo amabadwa pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka.

Agogo ndi okhudza mtima, achikondi komanso amayi osamala. Amuna samalabadira agologolo obadwa, onse ali muukapolo komanso mwachilengedwe. Ana akhungu ndi amaliseche omwe amabadwa nthawi yomweyo amakhala atazunguliridwa ndi kutentha kwa amayi ndi kudya mkaka wake. Nthawi iliyonse, ndikusiya chisa chake, chachikazi chimaphimba mosamala agologolo ake ndi zinyalala zofunda.

Adani achilengedwe

Adani achilengedwe, agologolo, mwachilengedwe, akudikirira pang'ono pansi, amathanso kubisala masamba kapena kuyang'ana kuthamangitsidwa kwawo kuthawa, kuthambo. Mimbulu ndi nkhandwe nthawi zambiri zimasaka nyama. Komabe, nthawi zambiri nyama zolusa zimatha kugwira nyama zodwala komanso zofooka, komanso zazikazi zazikazi zazikazi zoyembekezera kapena zazikazi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu ina ya agologolo nthawi zambiri imasakidwa ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito nyama yopanga chakudya kapena kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ya chimanga ndi mbewu zina.

Nkhalango ndi miyala yamiyala yamphongo pa gologolo wa ku Persia, ndipo agologolo ongobwera kumene ambiri amawonongeka chifukwa cha chikondi. Pafupifupi kadzidzi onse ndi goshawk, komanso akuluakulu okalamba komanso amphaka zakutchire kapena zapakhomo, ndi adani oopsa a gologolo. Komabe, monga momwe malingaliro akuwonera kwa nthawi yayitali akusonyezera, olusa ngati amenewo sangathe kupereka gawo lalikulu la kuchuluka kwa anthu mwachilengedwe.

Kuchuluka kwa agologolo aku Arizona ndikochepa. Mtundu wamtunduwu umagawana gawo limodzi ndi wachibale wake wapamtima - agologolo wa Aberta, omwe amayambitsa mpikisano wamphamvu pankhani ya kusaka zakudya. Chipmunks ndi mbewa, zimbalangondo ndi zopanda pake, mavu ndi mbalame zimapikisananso ndi nyama zomwe zimapikisana ndi nyama zaubweya, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri kufunafuna kwawo. Pokonzekera mpikisano wowopsa wazakudya, anthu ambiri agogo, komanso nyama zazing'ono, amamwalira.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Nyama zoyenda bwino ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa asaka ambiri omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi utolo wamtengo wapatali ngati gwero la ubweya wamtengo wapatali. Agologolo a Allen tsopano ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha konse, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo komanso kusaka nyama, chifukwa chake mtunduwu umapezeka wamba ku Сumbrеs de Monterey National Park. Chiwerengero cha agologolo aku Persia ndi chotsika kwambiri ndipo chimasinthasintha masinthidwe achilengedwe, omwe amadalira mwachindunji ma biotope. Agologolo akuda a Delmar alinso pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwathunthu, pomwe gologolo wamba walembedwa kale ku Red Book..