Maso owoneka ngati mchenga, ofiira owala ndi ma rosette akuda ozungulira, ubweya, wopondaponda mosavuta, chisomo chachifumu.
M'malo mwake, dzina lolondola la nyalugwe ndi Panthera pardus, ndiko kuti, "wowona panther." Dzina lasayansi Panther ndiye mtundu wa amphaka akuluakulu, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu inayi: mkango, nyalugwe, buluzi ndi kambuku. Kambudzi yakum'mawa ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse. Kummwera kwa Primorsky Krai kuli koyenera moyo: mapiri okutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira, mitsinje yofulumira yoyenda kudutsa malire ndi Korea ndi China. Panali zakudya zambiri - agwape, agwape, abulu amtchire. Kuchuluka kwamasamba obiriwira, chakudya komanso kusowa kwathunthu kwa anthu - chinanso chofunikira ndi chiyani kuti wosangalatsayo akhale wosangalala?
Nyama yotentha yoyambira, nyalugwe adatha kuzolowera nyengo yovuta ya Primorye. Chilimwe chotentha komanso nthawi yayitali, chisanu, nyengo yachisanu yam'madziyi ndi yabwino kwa amphaka owoneka, omwe amakhala ndi nyengo ya kukhwimitsa mu Januware, ndipo amphaka atatu akhungu amabadwa miyezi itatu yotsatira.
Nyama yokongola iyi imakhala ndi miyendo yolimba ndi mchira wautali kwambiri - zimathandizira kudumpha kuchokera pamalo mpaka kutalika kwa mamita asanu. Palibenso amphaka ena akulumphira Padziko Lapansi. Amagwiritsa ntchito maluso ake akapeza wogwirira ntchito - gwape, mwachitsanzo, kapena buffalo. Imatha kuilondera masiku awiri kapena atatu pamalo omwe akufuna, ndiye kuti, ikalumpha mothamanga, ikulimbitsa mphamvuyo pansi, imkukutira kukhosi. Atadzidalitsa chifukwa cha kutha kwake, khungubwi limakhuta, ndikukweza mtembo wina pamtengo kapena pathanthwe. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, popeza nyamayo imalemedwa kawiri ndi mphaka yomwe. Kuphatikiza pa ukalamba ndi mphamvu zazikulu, nyalugwe yaku Far East imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino: imayang'ana zodyera pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndi theka!
Nthawi ina nyalugwe inali chokongoletsera m'mabwalo amfumu achifumu. Ansembe aku Aigupto amasunga amphaka akulu pamakachisi. Mafumu aku Armenia adawakhazikitsa m'minda yawo. Munthawi zamakedzana, atsogoleri a mayiko monga chizindikiro chaulemu adapatsana nyama zosowa komanso zosowa.
Nyalugwe yaku Far East ndi losungulumwa lomwe sililekerera olimbana nawo pamtunda wake (osawerengera akazi). Nyama imayendayenda pofunafuna nyama ndipo siisangalala kwambiri ikakumana ndi wamwamuna wina kapena - moyipitsitsa - "msuwani" wake, nyalugwe la Amur.
Amayesetsa kuti asasokoneze chimphaka: nyama yolusa yamtunduwu ndi yayikulu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Akaponya chenjezo pakati pawo, amphaka awiri okoma kwambiri padziko lapansi amapita kosiyanasiyana.
MUNTHU WOSAKHALA
Leopard paradiso inatha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe munthu adayamba kuphunzira bwino Far East. Iye, ndi chikhalidwe chake chododometsa kwa chilichonse chamoyo, adayamba kudula mitengo, kumanga nyumba, misewu, kuyika mapaipi ndi kuwononga polemba: kuwombera nyalugwe zomwezi ndi chakudya chawo - osatulutsa. Amphaka okongola amaphedwa chifukwa cha khungu, komanso chifukwa cha ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala ena.
Odyera agulu nawonso amawombera. Madera omwe anthu osavomerezeka ndi nyanga amasungidwa (polandirira alendo) amakhala okongola kwa nyalugwe. Amalumphira mosavuta ukondewo m'chiyembekezo chosangalala ndi nyama zam'madzi ndikugwera pansi pa zipolopolo za eni mapaki a reindeer. Amaphedwa chifukwa cha chidani ndikuopa kuti chilombo chizitha kuukira. Koma nyalugwe, woonedwa kuti ndi wolusa kwambiri, samazunza anthu. Osachepera zaka 50 zapitazi sipanakhalepo vuto ngati lomwelo ku Far East.
Nyalugwe yaku Far East saopa anthu, koma imayesera kuti ikhale patali. Imodzi mwatsoka zomwe amakonda kudya ndikuwonetsetsa omwe ali ndi miyendo iwiri chifukwa chamitengo. Kukhala ndi khutu komanso maonedwe oyenera, chilombo chimamverera munthu nthawi yayitali asanachizindikire. Mphaka wamphaka wofowoka amalowa mumtundu, osayang'aniridwa, kenako kutsatira njira ya munthu, akumuyang'ana.
Kambuku ndiwosungika komanso wachinsinsi kwambiri. Amayenda njira zofananazo kwa zaka, koma kuwona kuti ndizosatheka. Ndipo nthawi yozizira yokha, mapazi a chipale chofewa amalankhula za moyo ndi mayendedwe a adani. Kalanga, izi zidayamba kukhala zazing'ono.
Pafupifupi nthawi zambiri ankamva kulira kwa amuna. Ndipo pamakungwa amitengo palibenso zolemba zina zowala. Leopard idasandulika mzimu. Komabe, zopweteka zina nthawi zina zimakumbutsa za kuthengo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2009, nzika zakomweko zidapeza nyalugwe wachikazi atawomberedwa ndi asodzi. Atangoganiza, zinapezeka kuti ali ndi pakati. Choyipa ndichakuti kupha kunachitidwa kuti kungosangalatsa: mochuluka, akuba atenga zithunzi zokumbukira pafupi ndi nyama yophedwayo ndikusiya mtembowo kuti akanyeke.
Masiku ano, nyalugwe yaku Far East yalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, kusaka kwakhala kuletsedwa kuyambira 1956, ndipo kugwidwa kwakhala koletsedwa kuyambira 1966. Mitundu yangoziyi ikuphatikizidwanso ndi Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural. Malinga ndi kawerengero waposachedwa kwambiri nyengo yachisanu ya 2009, anyalugwe osakwana 40 tsopano amakhala ku Ussuri taiga.
ZITSANZO ZOTHANDIZA
Pambuyo pokambirana kwakutali zavutoli, akatswiri azachilengedwe, asayansi, komanso utsogoleri wadzikoli adaganiza zodziwika kuti: Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe za Kum'mawa ziyenera kupulumutsidwa. Koma motani? Pali zosankha zambiri, koma zonsezi ndizolumikizana, zimafuna ndalama zambiri, ntchito yopweteka komanso. Kusintha kwa chidwi cha anthu. Modabwitsa, anthu okhala ku Primorye sachita chidwi kupulumutsa nyalugwe kapena akambuku a Amur. Kukhalapo kwa nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya zimasokoneza ngakhale anthu okhala komweko: boma lotetezedwa bwino sililola kugwiritsa ntchito nkhalango ngati malo osaka.
Mu 1994, nazale ya Zoo idapangidwa ku Moscow Zoo kuti isungire mitundu yanyama yosowa komanso yomwe ili pangozi. Bungwe lofufuzira, lotsekedwa ndi alendo, lili pa mahekitala 200 a malo pafupi ndi Volokolamsk m'chigawo cha Moscow. Anthu asanu ndi mmodzi oyamba a nyalugwe waku Far East (amuna atatu ndi akazi atatu) adabwera pano mu 1997. Zinapezeka kuti amphaka sakhala awiriawiri. Akazi ndiopatsa chidwi komanso osankhika, amatha kusewera kapena kumenyana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo, koma izi sizitsatiridwa ndi chibwenzi. Pakupita kwa chaka, akatswiri opanga zinyama adagwira ntchito kuti apange awiriawiri (adatha kupanga ziwiri), kwa zaka zingapo nyama zomwe zimaberekana panthawi yobzala, koma zazikazi sizinatenge pathupi. Mu 2000, zidawoneka ngati mwayi kusewera asayansi, koma ana onse (amphaka atatu) adamwalira. Kuyesayesa kopezera ana kuchokera ku akambukuwa kunapitilira mpaka 2007, nyamazo zikafika zaka zakubala.
Mu 2003, Isolde wokongola adawoneka mu nazale, yemwe adachokera ku Novosibirsk Zoo. Atafika paunyamata, "adamangidwa" kwa wamkulu (wazaka 10) Harbin. Kwa miyezi ingapo, anyalugwe akhala akungoyang'anana - Isolde zidamuvuta. Mu 2006, banjali lidakhala ndi mphaka zitatu, koma koyamba kudyetsa sizinaphule kanthu. Ana awiri chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwa mayi adamwalira tsiku loyamba, ndipo lachitatu linatengedwa kuti lidyetsedwe. Mwanayo anapatsidwa dzina lakuti Fir.
Wogwiritsa ntchito malo a Tatyana Dyomina adasamalira nyalugwe kunyumba miyezi yoyamba. Mu maphunziro adathandizidwa ndi dachshund Plush. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, Fir adasamutsidwira kumalo osungira nyama ku Italy.
Mu 2008, Isolda adaberekanso ana ena awiri omwe adawadyetsa bwino. M'modzi mwa iwo ali kumalo osungirako zinyama ku Moscow pomwe amawonekera, wachiwiri adamwalira.
Isolda adakhala mayi wamisala. Osangokhala kuti sanagone konse kwa masiku atatu oyamba, adabisala ana mosamala. Nursery anaika kamera kanema mu aviary kuti aziwonera amayi ndi ana awo kutalika kwa wotchi. Isolde sanakonde izi. Kamerayi sinangokhala malo ang'onoang'ono mnyumba, ndipo Izya adayika ma kittens m'malo ano! Ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa akatswiri owonera zanyama anayesa kuganizira za ana akhanda, sizinamuyendere bwino mpaka ana atakula ndikuyamba kuyendayenda mokha mozungulira nyumbayo.
Lero, Isolde ali ndi zimakupiza zatsopano - nyalugwe wachinyamata Bratwag, yemwe adachokera ku Germany. Osati mwachangu, koma Izya adamuvomereza. Wamphongo sanadziwe zambiri ndipo akuwopa mkazi wake wamkulu wankhanza, choncho Izya amawazingira ndi kuwapotoza momwe angafunire. Komabe, ogwira ntchito ku malo osungira nyama akuyembekeza kuti mphaka zatsopano ziziwoneka.
BWANANI KU ZINENERO
Sizingatheke kumasula chilombo chobadwa mu ukapolo kubwerera ku msasa. Samawopa anthu ndipo chinthu choyamba angachite ndikupita kumadera oyandikira, chifukwa munthu amadyera nawo. Mutha kulingalira momwe anthu akumaloko akumana ndi nyalugwe. Chifukwa chake, mdera lanyumba yakutchire, ndikofunikira kupanga malo osungirako komwe amphaka ochokera kumalo ochiritsiramo amakhala ndi kubereka. Ndipo ana awo atha kupita kunkhalango zamtchire.
Kuti akhale ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha, khanda liyenera kubadwa m'malo omwe adzamasulidwe. Izi zimatchedwa kukonzanso chilengedwe. Momwemonso, akambuku a Amur aku Iran, mabwanawa ku England, akambwe aku Central Asia ku Caucasus abwerera kumalo achilengedwe.
Pakadali pano, akungolankhula za nyalugwe yaku Far East; ntchito yomanga malo okonzanso ikuyamba kumene ku Ussuriisky Reserve. Pulogalamu yapadziko lonse lapansi yakukonzanso nyalugwe wa Kumpoto kwa Zachilengedwe ilinso pachiyambipo panjira - yapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa nyalugwe limayendayenda ku Korea ndi China. Amachoka, kubereka ana kumeneko ndi kubwerera ku zikhalidwe zawo.
Tsopano akatswiri a oyang'anira kusaka a Primorye akukonzekera kuwerengera kotsatira kwa nyalugwe. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa kamera misampha, kulola kuzindikira nyama "mwaumwini." Kamera yokhala pamtengo imayankha chilichonse. Nyama imadutsa, moto wa sensor, ndipo kamera imakhala ndi chithunzi. Ma Rosette pakhungu la nyalugulu ndi amodzi, monga chithunzi m'manja. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengetsa anthu kudzakhala kolondola.
Malinga ndi World Environment Organisation, pakadali pano malo osungirako nyama 60 komanso anthu wamba padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi akambwe 195 Far East (amuna 104 ndi akazi 91), pomwe nyalugwe zonse zobadwa mu ukapolo zimachokera kwa oyambitsa khumi omwe agwidwa mwachilengedwe.
Ndipo chochita pambuyo pa kalembedwe ka anthu? Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kulimbana ndi kuba. Malamulo sagwira ntchito. Ndalama yayikulu kwambiri yinyama yachilendo kwambiri ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 1000. Ndipo, monga ogwira ntchito ku nazale yaku Moscow akuti, palibe amene adzagwire aliyense.
Mwina zingakhale zothandiza kwa ife kutengera zomwe akudziwa zakunja. M'mayiko ambiri, malo osungirako ndi malo osangalalira ndi alendo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapanga phindu, ndilofunikanso. Ndipo palibe ozembetsa m'derali. Pali malingaliro osiyana ndi chikhalidwe chawo komanso malingaliro osiyana.
Ndipo momwe timaganizira zimasiya kukhala zofunika. Nthawi zambiri sitiganiza kuti ngati Kambuku wam'mawa wa Far (kapena pheasant, kapena nkhandwe, kapena nyama ina iliyonse) ikasowa, ndiye kuti mgwirizano wamayiko okongola, omwe tili gawo lawo, udzasokonekera.
Momwe mungadziwire nyalugwe wa Amur
Kulemera kwa anyani a anyani amtundu wa Far East kumasiyana ma kilogalamu 32-48; m'mbuyomu, oyimilira akuluakulu amtundu wolemera mpaka 60-75 kilogalamu adakumana nawo. Zazikazi zimalemera zochepa poyerekeza ndi zazimuna, kulemera kwawo kumafikira kilogalamu 25-43.
Kutalika kwapakati pa thupi la nyambo ya Amur ndi masentimita 105-135. Pofota amafika masentimita 65-75. Mikango yaku Far East ili ndi mchira wautali pafupifupi masentimita 80-90 kukula kwake.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi ubweya wonenepa, wofewa komanso wautali. M'chilimwe, kutalika kwa ubweya ndi masentimita 2.5, ndipo nthawi yozizira ubweya umakhala wotalikirapo - masentimita 7.5. Kumbuyo, ubweya ndi wafupi kuposa pamimba.
Nyalugwe wa Amur ndi mdani weniweni.
Mtundu wakhungu umakhala wachikaso, koma chifuwa, m'mimba ndi nsonga za mawotchi ndizopepuka kuposa thupi lonse. Khungu limakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga akuda. Malo omwe ali kumbuyo ndi m'mbali ali moyandikana, ndipo pakati pawo pamakhala mipata ya utoto wofiirira.
Makungu a Amur ndi owala kwambiri muutoto kuposa akambwe aku Africa ndi India. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya nyalugwe yaku Far East ndi maso obiriwira.
Khalidwe la Amur leopards, zakudya komanso kuchuluka
Nthawi ina, nyalugwe wa Amur anali ndi nthawi yovuta m'malo amenewo komwe akambuku a Amur amakhala. Koma, lero, mavutowa amawonedwa ngati osafunika poyerekeza ndi omwe adapangidwa ndi munthu yemwe. Chifukwa chachikulu chopitilira kuchuluka kwa nyama zodyerazi zapadera ndi kuba.
Kambudzi yakum'mawa ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Makungu aku Far East amasakidwa osati ndi anthu wamba, komanso ndi olemera aku Russia ochokera ku Vladivostok. Komanso nzika zaku China zomwe zimadutsa malire ndi Russia zimathandizira.
Kuyambira 2002, nyalugwe 9 Kumpoto Kwa Kum'mawa ndi 2 mdera la China adawombera gawo la dziko lathu. Kupha anthu kwakukulu kumalepheretsedwa ndi malamulo ankhanza. Pankhaniyi, mfundo zolimba kwambiri zikutsatiridwa ku China, komwe chilango cha imfa chikuyang'anizana ndi kuphedwa kwa nyalugwe waku Far East. M'dziko lathu, malamulowa ndiwotsimikizika kwambiri - ozunza amalandila zaka 2 kundende komanso ndalama zokwana 500 rubles.
Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komwe ndi malo okhala nyama zambiri zanyengoyi, kumathandizanso kuti kuchulukitsa kwa kambuku ka Far East. Anthu akumaloko nthawi zambiri amayatsa moto nkhalangoyi, potero imathandizira kukula kwa fern, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri pazakudya za ku China ndi Far Eastern. Kugulitsa fern kumabweretsa ndalama zazikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama yapadera kukuchepa. Ziwerengero za nyama izi zikuchepa modabwitsa.
Mwana wakhanda waku Amur: simusewera ndi mphaka.
Makungu a Amur amadya makamaka agwape, agwape, ma badger ndi mahares. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zikutiuza kuti amphaka akuluakulu amakakamizika kusintha malo okhala, chifukwa sangathe kudzipatsa chakudya chokwanira. Zotsatira zake, nyalugwe zaku Far East nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi njala ndi zipolopolo kuchokera kwa asaka.
Kubera kwina kambuku kum'mawa
Anthu okhala m'nkhalango za taiga amakonda kukhala pawokha. Panyengo yakukhwima yokha ndi yomwe imayamba kugawana ndi zazikazi. Nthawi yakukhwima imagwa, monga lamulo, m'mwezi wa Januware. Mimba mwa akazi imatenga miyezi itatu. Mayi wamtsogolo akufuna phanga, itha kukhala phanga, kukhumudwa pansi kapena kakhalidwe pakati pa miyala.
Ana amabadwa mu nthawi ya masika, pali ana atatu amphongo mu zinyalala, samawona, koma khungu lawo lawoneka kale. Makungu achichepere samasiya amayi awo kwa zaka ziwiri. Ali ndi zaka 3, amatha kutha msinkhu. Kuthengo, kutalika kwa moyo wa akambwe aku Far East ndi zaka 12-15. Akapolo, amphaka apaderawa amakhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 20.
Chitetezo ndi miyeso yowonjezera zingwe za Amur
Maonedwe a kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala kuthengo ndi achisoni kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe zakum'mawa zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama, kumene zimaswana. Masiku ano, anyani 300 a anyani a Amur amakhala m'malo osungira nyama a dziko lathu, North America ndi Europe. Zotsatira zabwino pakuswana nyama izi zidakwaniritsidwa ku Tallinn Zoo ku Estonia.
Akatswiri ochokera mayiko angapo akupanga pulogalamu yosinthana ndi nyalugwe yaku Far East pakati pa malo osungira nyama. Izi zikuyenera kupereka zotsatira zabwino pamlingo wamtundu komanso kupewa kutayika kwa mibadwo. Pali malingaliro okhumba kusamutsira anyalugwe aku Far East mtsogolo kuthengo.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.