Tizilombo tating'ono kwambiri tating'ono timaganizira osambira osambira. Kwenikweni, kagulu ka kachikumbu kosambira kali kofanana ndi kafadala ena ambiri - choyambirira, chachikazi chimayikira mazira, pomwe mphutsi zimatuluka.
Swimmer Beetle Larva owopsa kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake nthawi zambiri amaposa wamkulu, zomwe sizachilendo mwa iwo okha. Ngati mungaganizire chithunzi cha chosambira kapena muziwona m'malo achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, padziwe, mutha kuwona kuti thupi la munthu wosambira limakhala ndi mutu, gawo la thoracic komanso pamimba.
Gawo limodzi la thupilo limadutsa mbali ina, ziwalo zonse zimasungunuka, ndipo thupi lonse limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe ndi osavuta kusambira. Zomverera zam'mimba za tizilombo zimakhala pamutu. Palinso ziwalo zamkamwa, zomwe zimayendetsedwa kutsogolo.
Izi zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri kuti zingakhale zosavuta kuti nyama yoopsa izigwira. Nsagwada zophuka za osambira agwira nyama ndipo amaziphwanya mosavuta. Koma timiyala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pachibwano timadziwa kukoma kwa nyama ndipo ndi gawo lokhudza.
Mwa njira, wosambira amakola nyama yake, motero ndi yaudzu wakudzu. Pamutu pali maso, omwe amatchedwa kuti maso ovuta chifukwa amatenga mbali zambiri (9000 maso akophweka). Chiwalo chogwiranso ndi antennae, omwe amapezeka kumtunda kwa mutu.
Komabe thupi lonse limabisidwa pansi pa mapiko olimba motero limabisika mosabisa. Kusambira ndi tizilombo zachilendo. Osati nthawi zambiri muyenera kuwona cholengedwa chomwe chimatha kuuluka bwino, kusunthira pamtunda ndikukhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Osangokhala osambira m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhala komweko.
Koma, ngakhale izi, sangadzitamande chifukwa cha ma gills. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwonera nsikidzi zimasambira bwanji?. Amapumira mpweya wofanana ndi onse okhala pamtunda. Tizilomboti timakhala ndi timizere tating'ono m'matumbo, kachilomboka kamaulula m'mimba kumbuyo kwa madzi, kumatulutsa mpweya, ndipo mizereyo imagwiranso ntchito yawo.
Pa chithunzichi, kachilomboka
Tizilombo todabwitsa timeneti timakhala m'madzi opanda madzi, mwachitsanzo, m'madziwe, m'madzi, ndiye kuti, palibe kuyenda kwamphamvu kwamadzi, koma chakudya ndi chabwino, chifukwa kachilomboka ndi kosavuta kudya. Ngati mungapange nyengo yoyimira kuyimira tizilombo kwanu m'mizinda yakunyumba, ndiye kuti kachilomboka kakutha bwino pamenepo. Mwiniwake amayenera kungochita chidwi ndi nthawi yomwe akukhalamo madzi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Khalidwe la nyama zodya nyama zam'madzizi sizikhala zosiyanasiyana. Zonse zomwe zimatanganidwa chosambirachomwechonso kusaka kapena kupumula. Koma, pakadali pano, wosambira ali ndi dzina lake ndi ulemu, ndiwosambira modabwitsa. Mopanda nzeru amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake yakumbuyo posambira, pomwe kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi nkhuni zazing'ono.
Pofuna kusambira kunali kosavuta koposa, miyendo imakhala ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Ndi "nkhuni" zotere, osambira amatha kupezeka ndi nsomba zina. Chingwe chimapuma, monga lamulo, pamadzi, kuvumbulutsa pamimba kuti zithetsenso mpweya.
Ngati wosambira wasankha kunyamuka pansi pa chosungira, chifukwa ayenera kumamatira ku chinthu, mwachitsanzo, ku chomera cham'madzi. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi mbedza zapadera zomwe kachilomboka kamamatira. Koma imatha kulumikizana ndi malo osalala.
Ndipo, musaiwale kuti osambira, pambuyo pa zonse, ndi cholakwika. Chifukwa chake, musadabwe ngati angapezeke pafupi ndi malo osungira, pamtunda. Zimangotanthauza kuti wosambira amangofuna kusintha malo akale, ndipo mapiko ake olimba amamutumikira bwino - ali olimba komanso opanga bwino.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chikumbu cham'madzi kususuka kwenikweni. Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana. Tizilombo touluka, mphutsi, mabowo, nsomba zam'madzi, ndi mapala amapita kukadya. Ngati yolimba kwambiri ndi nyama yaying'ono, yosambira imatha kuukira tog komanso ngakhale chule. Zikuwoneka kuti newt sayenera kuwopa mtundu wina uliwonse wa cholakwika, koma izi ndizoyang'ana koyamba.
Ndikokwanira kuti kachilomboka kakuvulaza nyama kapena nsomba, popeza gulu lonse la ziguduli limasonkhana nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha fungo la magazi ndiye kuti wolakwiridwayo sangamasuke ku zilombo zankhanza. Mopanda kutero, ngati osambira atha kuwononga kwambiri nsomba. Ngati dziwe lomwe kuli nsomba, kafadala ambiri asudzulana, ndiye kuti nsomba zonse zomwe zimayamwa ndi mwachangu zidzadyedwa mopanda tanthauzo, ndiye kuti nsomba zimangosowa.
Chifukwa chake, amalonda ambiri omwe bizinesi yawo idakhazikika paulimi wa nsomba akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi nkhaniyi - momwe mungachotsere nsikidzi yosambira. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupha tizimbudzi takulengedwa, titakoka madzi, ndipo dziwe lomwe limatulutsa liyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi musanatengere nsomba - opanga.
Kenako osambira sangakhale ndi nthawi yoberekera musanayambe kuswedwa. Koma funso lomweli limadetsa nkhawa omwe ali ndi ma dziwe okhala ndi nsomba zokongoletsera m'nyumba zawo zamalimwe kapena m'malo ena nyumba. Eni ake amadziwe oterewa akhoza kupangika kuti apange kasupe mu dziwe.
Kuyenda kwamadzi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti asambira asaka, ndipo osambira sangachite bwino kugona pamadzi pang'onopang'ono kuti apeze mpweya. Amayesetsa kuti asakhale pa dziwe lotere. Ngati cholowera chinali m'dziwe, muyenera kuchichotsa pamenepo.
M'malo mwake, sadzathyoledwa, chakudya, ndipo tizilombo tinalowa m'madzi, mwina mwangozi, chifukwa amamva bwino madzi, koma ngakhale adya chakudya kapena ayi, samawona nthawi yomweyo. Chotsani mosamala - kusambira kachilomboka kuluma ngakhale kwa munthu zopweteka kwambiri. Kupweteka kwakuthwa kumawonekera, komwe sikumapita nthawi yomweyo.
Kenako, pamalo omwe kulumidwa, edema imachitika, yomwe imangopita pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Koma sikuti kachilomboka ndi kowopsa, mphutsi zake ndizokoma kwambiri. Koma alibe mkamwa. Pali nsagwada, koma palibe pakamwa, ndiye zonena zachilengedwe. Pali mabowo ang'onoang'ono pafupi ndi nsagwada iliyonse yomwe imalowera pakhosi.
Koma izi sizimalepheretsa mphutsi kukhala zowonda kwambiri kuposa abale achikulire. Kudzimbidwa kwa chakudya kumachitika kunja kwa mphutsi zokha. Kugwira cholakwika ndi nsagwada zake, mphutsi zimakonkha madzi am'madzi otaya pa iye. Madzi amadzimadzi amapanga.
Gawo lotsatira la madzi am'migawo limayamba kupukusa munthu wofa ziwalozo, ndikupukusira, pambuyo pake chiphalaphalacho chimamwa chakudya "chophika" molunjika. Pambuyo podya, mphutsi zimatsuka nsagwada m'manja mwa wotsalazo ndi mapazi ake ndikukonzekera kusaka kwatsopano. Mphutsi sizikhala ndi chakudya chokwanira, motero ndizofunafuna chakudya kosatha.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Tizilombo tangotuluka kumene kuchoka pa hibernation, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba. Atatuluka m'bandakucha, kafadala anayenda kukafunafuna dziwe lomwe lingawakwane. Pamenepo amapeza "dona wa mtima" wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, omasulira, mu lingaliro lathunthu la mawu, angakwaniritse chikondi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kukhwima kumachitika pansi pa madzi, ndipo nthawi yonse ya "chikondi" chamunayo payekha chimakhala pamwamba ndipo imatha kupumira mpweya, ndikutulutsa gawo lamimba pamwamba pa madzi. Koma yaikazi ili pansi, ndipo singathe kupuma mpweya wamlengalenga. Nthawi yakukhwima ndiyitali kuposa nthawi yomwe kachilomboka ikhoza kuchita popanda kubwezeretsanso thupi ndi mpweya.
Koma, ngati wamkazi atha kukhala ndi moyo wokondana wina ndi mzake, ndiye kuti "abambo" angapo akamuwukira, sangathe kuyandikira ndi kufa. Zikadzachitika matomazi, chachikazi nthawi yomweyo chimabaya minofu ya chomera cham'madzi ndi ovipositor ndikuyamba kuyikira mazira pamenepo.
Nyengo, imatha kuyikira mazira 1000, kapena onse 1500. Makhungwa amatuluka mazira, omwe nthawi yomweyo amayamba kusaka. Mphutsi zikakula, zimakwawa kupita kumtunda, kumadzibisala m'nthaka komanso m'madzi. Ndipo tsopano, kafadala kachikulire kamawoneka kuchokera ku pupae.
M'malo achilengedwe, kachilomboka kosambira kumakhala kosaposa chaka chimodzi, koma kunyumba, ngati mwini wake wa kachilomboka amapereka chakudya chake mokwanira, nthawiyo imachulukanso katatu ndipo kachilomboka pakakhala pansi pazaka zoposa 3.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: kachilomboka kosambira
Tizilomboti timayimira tchire ndikuyimira banja la tizilombo toyamwa m'madzi kuchokera ku gulu lalikulu la mapiko. Mokwanira pali mitundu pafupifupi 4000 ya zolengedwa izi, 300 mwa izo zimapezeka pagawo la Russia. Dzinalo Lachilatini la kachilomboka Dytiscus limamasulira kuti "kutsamira". Zinthu zakale kwambiri zakale za mankhwala amenewa zinapezeka ku Kazakhstan ndipo ndi nthawi ya Jurassic.
Vidiyo: Kubowola Chikumbu
Kuchokera pamitundu yonse yosambira, mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa yophunziridwa ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa:
- kachikumbu kokulira ndi kofala kwambiri komanso kwakukulu. Thupi lake lopakidwa utoto wokhala ndi malire amtundu wa lalanje, miyendo yake ndiyowala kwambiri,
- kachilomboka kakakulu - mbulu wake ndiwakuti mbewa ndi zokulirapo kuposa akuluakulu ndipo zimatha kukula mpaka 6 cm,
- Mtundu wa omwe akusambira osiyanasiyana ali nondescript - kuchokera pamtambo wakuda mpaka wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira. M'mayiko ena zalembedwa mu Red Book,
- Mzere kapena kusambira - ndiwocheperako, ndizofala ku Russia,
- Kuponyera ndikoyimira kakang'ono kwambiri ka chikumbu kosambira. Pamakhala dambo lonyowa komanso lathyathyathya. Thupi loyamba kuphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba.
Chochititsa chidwi: Makina a osambira amakumba chakudya kunja kwa thupi lawo ndi madzi apadera a poizoni omwe amalowetsedwa mwa omwe akuvutikawo. Mphutsi zimayamwa michere kuchokera kale m'mayimbidwe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi kachikumbu kosambira kamaoneka bwanji?
Kukula kwa akusambira akuluakulu, mtundu umatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu. Kutalika kwa thupi la zofananira zazing'ono sikupitirira 3-4 mm, zowerengeka zazikulu zimafikira masentimita 4.5-5,5. Thupi la imago ndilopanda pake komanso lathyathyathya, lomwe ndiloyenera kuyenda pansi pamadzi. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhazikika minofu. Tibiae yosalala komanso tini kumbuyo kwake amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakotchetechete. Njira yoyendayenda mumtsinje wamadzi womwewo ndi wofanana ndikungoyenda ndi nkhumba. Kutsogolo, miyendo yapakati ya cholakwika ndi lalifupi kwambiri kuposa la kumbuyo.
Thupi losambira limakhala ndi magawo atatu: mutu, bere, m'mimba. Mutu umakhazikika pachifuwa, osasunthika ndikudutsa pamimba popanda malire omveka. M'malo mwake maso akulu ali pambali ya mmbali mwake ndipo mutu wake ndi lathyathyathya ndipo chilichonse chimakhala ndi maso wamba 9000, chifukwa chomwe chipendacho chimatha kusiyanitsa bwino pakati pazinthu zoyenda, zosasunthika. Mimba ya kachilomboka imakhala ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu, omwe amatetezedwa ndi hardlylyra.
Nsagwada yamphamvu ili kuseri kwa mlomo wapamwamba. Zida zapakamwa zikukuta, nsagwada adapangira kuti azigwira komanso kutafuna mwachangu. Chiwalo cha fungo ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu wa magawo 11. Osambira amapuma mothandizidwa ndi mabowo apadera omwe ali pamimba. Kapangidwe kovuta ka nthambo kamasunthidwe komwe kumachokera kumizeremizere, ndipo pamakhala ma secs amkati. Kusasamala ndi kufinya pamimba, osambira amapanga kayendedwe ka mpweya mu trachea.
Mtundu wa mphutsi zosambira ndi zofiirira, zachikaso, imvi, nthawi zina thupi limakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timafanana ndi chinkhanira. Mutu wawo wakhazikika, chifuwa chili ndi magawo atatu, ndipo m'mimba muli magawo 8. Pakamwa palibe, chakudya chimalowa kudzera pachibwano. Pang'onopang'ono torso imayenda pang'ono kupita kumapeto, komwe kuli tserki, spikes, ndi bristles.
Kodi chikumbu chosambira chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kuponyera kachilomboka m'madzi
Kusambira kuli ponseponse padziko lonse lapansi, amapezeka ku Europe, Asia, kudera lalikulu kuyambira ku Sakhalin kupita ku Atlantic Ocean, kumpoto kwa Africa. Kuguba kachilomboka kumakonda kusungira madzi abwino, komwe kulibe komwe kulibe kapena kofowoka kwambiri. Amapezeka m'madziwe ochulukirapo okhala ndi madzi osayenda, oyenda, ndimadziwe.
Tizilomboti timakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi, koma timatha kuuluka - ngati kuli kotheka, tizilombo timagwira makilomita makumi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kauluka ka kachilomboka, dziwe limawuma kapena chakudya chimakakamiza. Nthawi zina amatha kuwuluka mumadziwe amwini, m'madziwe, komwe amakongoletsa ndi nsomba zina.
Amatha kuwononga mwachangu mwachangu mwachangu ndi zolengedwa zina zonse zokhala m'malo osungira. Kuthamangitsa kutali ndi malo omwe mumakonda kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zina, kungodzipatula kwathunthu pansi komanso posungira anthu ake ndi komwe kungathandize.
Chochititsa chidwi: The nsikidzi zosambira bwino ngakhale mu ma aquariums. Monga chakudya, nyama ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe kale idadulidwa mutizidutswa tating'ono. Madziwo ayenera kuphimbidwa, chifukwa tizilombo touluka timatha kuuluka mosavuta. Mkhalidwe waukulu - kachilomboka sikungakhazikike mu chidebe chimodzi ndi nsomba iliyonse.
Chikumbuu Kusambira: Zapadera
Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu (pafupifupi 4000). Chifukwa chake, osambira amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi mitundu 300 imakhala ku Russia. Mitundu ina yazolowera kuzizira komanso kulekerera nyengo yachisanu. Beetles amapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia, ku North America komanso ku Arctic.
Tizilomboti timatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu komanso mawonekedwe a miyendo.
Kodi chikumbu chosambira chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Swimmer madzi kachilomboka
Usodzi ndi adani olusa. Akuluakulu samakonda kudya zovalazo, amakopeka ndi nyama yamoyo, yomwe imakana.
Zakudya zoyambira za osambira:
- tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, nkhono, ma tadpole, nsomba za nsomba,
- zatsopano, achule, nsomba zazing'ono.
Nyemba za algae sizili ndi chidwi, ndizabwino kwathunthu. Ngati pali tizilombo tambiri tambiri dziwe, ndiye kuti kwakanthawi kochepa amatha kuwononga nsomba zonse pogwira mwachangu m'magulu akulu. Mimbulu imamva ngakhale dontho lamwazi laling'ono mwamtali wa mamita ambiri ndipo limathamangira kumalo ano. Amasaka chakudya makamaka m'makola amadzi, samakonda kupita kumtunda.
Chochititsa chidwi: Osambira amadya kwambiri. Nthawi zina amadya mopambanitsa kotero kuti samatha kukwera pamwamba penipeni. Pofuna kuchepetsa thupi komanso kutuluka, osambira amatulutsa chilichonse chakudya posachedwapa, amatipatsa mphamvu matumbo komanso zofunikira zapadera. Mukakhala ndi algae pafupi, imakwera pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa chosungira paliponse.
Maso a osambira samasiyana kwenikweni ndi zomwe amakonda anzawo. Amatha kugunda nsomba zazikulu, ndizopweteka kwambiri kuluma ngati agwera m'manja mwa munthu. Nsagwada zawo ndi zakuthwa modabwitsa, ngati owononga.
Kufotokozera kwamakhalidwe
Swimmers (Dytiscidae) - banja la sing'anga kapena sing'anga wamkulu yemwe amakhala m'madzi amadzi. Zimapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia konse, ku North America ngakhale kudera la Arctic. Tizilombo timasankha matupi amadzi abwino okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi madzi osasunthika. Itha kukhala maiwe, nyanja, madambo komanso mapanga akuya. Kukula kwa kachilomboka kosambira, kutengera mtundu, ndi masentimita 2,5,5.
Tizilombo touluka konse titha kukwawa, kusambira ndi kuuluka. Osati oimira ambiri a mapiko a mapiko omwe amapatsidwa maluso otere. Pamtunda, osambira amayenda pang'onopang'ono, akusunthasuntha mbali ndi mbali. Miyendo yakumbuyo imasunthidwa, ndipo kutsogolo ndi kwapakati kumakonzedwa.
Swim Beetle: Kufotokozera
Kachilomboka ndi kakakulu kukula, ngati kachilombo. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 4.5. Thupi limapakidwa utoto wachikaso, womwe umadziwika kwa nthumwi za banja lino, ngakhale kuti kafadala amapezeka ndi mtundu wofiirira, komanso utoto wa azitona. Tizilomboti timakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lokhazikika, lomwe limathandizira kuti lisunthire m'madzi.
Thupi la kachilombo kamakhala ndi magawo atatu: m'mimba, mutu ndi chifuwa, zomwe zimalumikizidwa popanda umodzi. Mutu wa tiziromboti timapanikizika pang'ono m'chifuwa kuti umadutse bwino m'mimba, chifukwa cha magawo a pectoral.
Kumbali ina ya mutu ndi maso apadera, omwe ali ndi kuphatikiza kwamaso ting'onoting'ono pafupifupi 9,000. Ndi thandizo lawo, kachilomboka kamaongolera dziko lapansi lamadzi. Ndevu za Antena amasewera gawo la tanthauzo la fungo ndi kukhudza. Chida cham'kamwa chimakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, chifukwa kachikumbu kamatha kusaka nyama yomwe ingagwere ndikuipera isanagwiritse ntchito. Pansipa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha chikumbu chosambira ndi siginecha yofananira.
Tizilomboti tili ndi mapawiri awiri amatsogola omwe amakhala ndi chidwi chofanizira. Izi zimathandizira kuti kachilomboka azikhala osungika pansi pa madzi pamitengo ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Mapiko atizilombo amatetezedwa ndi ma slats amphamvu komanso odalirika, omwe amakhalanso oimira amtunduwu. Kukhalapo kwa mapiko kumalola cholakwika kuti chiziuluka kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina, ngati malo amafunikira. M'malo mwake, kachilomboka kakuuluka kawirikawiri. Dziwe likawuma, ichi mwina ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo kakuyenda mlengalenga. Miyendo yakumbuyo idapangidwa kuti isunthi kachilomboka m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Tizilomboti timatha kuyenda kumtunda, koma iyi si ntchito yovuta kwa iye. Ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo amakankhira, ndipo ndi kutsogolo kwake amapanga masitepe. Zotsatira zake, zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, zikusunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa! Tizilomboti timakonda kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi osasunthika, pomwe timatha kupezeka mumatumba kapena m'matope ndi madzi.
Msodzi wosenda (Dytiscus marginalis)
Tizilombo wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 2.7-3,5. Sichangu kwambiri pamakhalidwe. Thupi limakhala lakuda kapena lofiirira lakuda, ndipo miyendo, tinyanga ndi nsagwada ndi zachikaso kapena zofiira. Malire a mtundu womwewo kapena opepuka pang'ono amadutsa m'thupi la tizilombo.
Mtunduwu umapezeka ku Europe, Central Asia ndi Siberia.
Wosambira kwambiri kapena waukulu kwambiri (Dytiscus latissimus)
Mitundu yachilendo yotchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 3.6-4.5 masentimita. Thupi limakhala lalikulu komanso lathyathyathya. Mtundu wa thupi ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: wakuda kapena bulauni wokhala ndi tint yobiriwira. Msodzi wamkulu kwambiri ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwa kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa matupi amadzi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kukumana ndi madzi oyera okha.
Imapezeka ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Austria, Finland, Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia, Italy, Poland, Norway, Sweden ndi Ukraine. Imapezeka ku Russia m'chigawo cha ku Europe ndi Western Siberia.
Kufotokozera kwa kachilomboka
Tizilombo tosanjikana tating'ono, tating'ono, tomwe timasinthika timasinthika kuti tisunthidwe. Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwira ngati makina operekera kuyenda. Miyendo imakhala ndi minofu yolimba. Tibia yokhazikika komanso tarsus imakutidwa ndi mizere iwiri ya tsitsi la elastic. Njira yosunthira kachilomboka kosambira m'madzi amafanana ndi kuyenda ndi nkhumba. Miyendo yam'mbuyo imayenda nthawi yomweyo. Zingwe zamphamvu pamalo awo zimalocha masamba. Miyendo yapakati imasintha mayendedwe ake - mmwamba kapena pansi. Kutsogolo sikunaphatikizidwe. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yapakati ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo.
Thupi limakhala ndi madipatimenti atatu: mutu, chifuwa, pamimba. Mutu umakhazikika pachifuwa, womwe, wopanda malire wakuthwa, umadutsa pamimba. Colours imakhala yamdima - yobiriwira, yofiirira, yakuda. M'mitundu ina, kuwongola (imvi kapena lalanje) kumadutsa thunthu ndi mutu. Mimba imakhala ndi zigawo 8 zokutidwa ndi elytra wokhazikika.
Mutu wa tiziromboti ndiotakata komanso mosalala. Maso akulu amakhala kumbali. Iliyonse imakhala ndi maso osavuta 9,000, ndikupangitsa kuti izitha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu zoyenda ndi zinthu. Kuseri kwa gawo la milomo yapamwamba pali chibwano champhamvu chopangidwa kuti chigwire ndi kutafuna nyama. Zida zam'kamwa zikukuta. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi fungo. Amapezeka kumbali za mphumi, ali ndi magawo 11 amaliseche.
Stripper (Acilius)
Ndi mtundu wa kafadala wosambira. Kukula kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.6 masentimita, mphutsi zimakhala ndi kukula kokulirapo - 1.5-3 mm. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wakuda kwambiri. Beetles amakhala m'madzi am'madzi pansi pamadzi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi zamtunduwu ndikuti chimatha kupezeka ngakhale pamatumba wamba. Zomwe zimayamwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo ndi ma tadpole.
Momwe kachikumbu kosambira kamapumira
Osambira amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, koma amapuma mpweya. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tifunika kuyambiranso kupopera mpweya wabwino. Kodi kupumula kwa chikumbu kusambira ndi chiyani? Kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kulowa mthupi kumathandizidwa ndi kutseguka kwapadera - zokondweretsa zomwe zimakhala pamimba. Kuchokera pamizere kupita mbali zonse za thupi, machitidwe ogwedera - trachea - diverges. Pali ma sac a mpweya pachifuwa cha tizilombo. Mimba imakhala yothinikizidwa mosaneneka komanso osadziwikiratu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzizungulira.
Pa thupi la kachilomboka pali tiziwalo timene timapaka mafuta m'matumbo a elytra ndi pamimba. Pofuna kusinthitsa mpweya, wosambira akuwonetsa kumapeto kwamimba. Contraction ya limba limakupatsani kuti uzipopa mpweya pansi pa elytra. Mphutsi zimapumulanso, thunthu lawo limamalizidwa ndi zowonjezera za film, pochita ntchito ya zodabwitsazi. Kuti muchepetse gawo la mlengalenga, kachilombo kamauluka patadutsa mphindi 10 zilizonse.
Moyo
Msodziyo amayandama mosavuta pamalo osungira, chifukwa thupi lake ndi lopepuka kuposa madzi. Kuchokeraku kumafunikira kulimbikira. Kuti akhale pansi pa dziwe, ayenera kumamatira ku mwala kapena chomera. Zina zoyambirira za kachilomboka zimakhala ndi zibowo zapadera zomwe zimaloleza kuti zigwirizane ndi chilichonse chosalala. Tizilombo timagwira usiku, timasaka kapena kupita kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano. Okonda a Fauna ali ndi chidwi kuti kachikumbu kosambira kauluka kapena ayi? Amuna ndi akazi okalamba ali ndi mapiko opangidwa bwino. Pofufuza malo abwino, iwo amauluka makilomita makumi ambiri.
Asananyamuke, kukonzekera kumachitika. Tizilomboti timafika kumtunda ndipo timapatsa mphamvu zam'matumbo. Kenako amadzaza matumba am'mwamba pachifuwa chake. Monga momwe mungathere kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, osambira amachoka. Akafufuza mayiwe, amayang'ana kwambiri masomphenya. Poona kuwala, kachilomboka kamagwera pansi. Njira zambiri nthawi zambiri zimalephera kukhala ndi nsikidzi, m'malo mwa chosungira, zimagwera pamiyala yamagalasi kapena padenga lokwala. Apaulendo ambiri amafa chifukwa chowomba mpaka povuta.
M'nyengo yozizira, tizilombo tambiri timabisala m'miyala kapena m'nthaka. Kodi kachikumbu kosambira pali kuti nthawi yachisanu? Mwa mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo, pali omwe amakhala nthawi yachisanu mu dzira, mphutsi kapena gawo la akulu. Kwa tizilombo wokhala ku Europe, kumizidwa mu kupukusira kwa kafadala wamkulu ndi khalidwe. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku pupa mu nthawi yophukira, kafadala kakang'ono kamakhalabe nthawi yachisanu mu zinyalala kapena pansi pa khungwa. Gawo la akusambira amabwerera kuchosungira. Ndi mpweya wokwanira, amasambira mwachangu. Kuzizira kozizira pamtunda kumapangitsa kuti kachilomboka kukumbira mkati mwa tulo ndikugona tulo.
Tizilombo ta kusambira timakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Zaka zokhala ndi moyo zakale za anthu akuluakulu zimachokera ku miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi. Ambiri nsikidzi amakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yochepa kwambiri yoimira oyimira mitundu ya Agabusfuscipennis, yomwe imakonda ku Europe ndi Middle East.
Ilnik (Rhantus)
Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 100. Kutalika kwa thupi 1-1.1 cm. Zolemba ndi madontho akuda ambiri. Nthawi zina pamakhala kachilomboka kakang'ono kokhala ndi mbali zopepuka. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madziwe amadzimadzi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yonse yomwe yatchulidwa, akusambira okhaokha omwe amawoneka ngati tizilombo. Zina zonse sizikhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chiwerengero cha anthu okhala m'madzi.
Mawonekedwe Amphamvu
Kodi chikumbu chosambira chimadya chiyani? Nyamayi imadya zakudya zilizonse zomanga thupi, sizipeputsa kudya nsomba zakufa. Lakuthwa komanso lakuthwa kwambiri limakupatsani mwayi wogwira nyama zazikulu. Tizilombo ta njoka timapha nsomba kapena achule katatu kuposa kukula kwake. Kodi amathana bwanji ndi zofunkha zazikulu?
Asodzi otsala omwe amakhala m'madziwe amamuthandiza. Ikakuluma koyamba, magazi a wozunzidwayo amalowa m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwa fungo, nyama zodya nyama zimapeza mtunda wautali. Kuzungulira nsomba, kumakumana ndi agulu angapo, omwe amang'amba zidutswa za nyama. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo timakhutira ndi ma invertebrates ndi ma mollusks.
Mpweya
Swimming sangathe kupumira pansi pamadzi. Chifukwa chake, amatuluka mphindi 8-10 zilizonse. Katemera wopumira womwe mpweya umalowa m'thupi umakhala pamimba. Chifukwa chake, kachilomboka kakuyandama kuchokera kumadzi okha kumbuyo kwa thupi. Tracheas amapezeka thupi lonse la tizilombo.
Pachifuwa cha matendawa ndi matumba am'mlengalenga. Mabuu ali ndi ofanana. Komabe, ntchito ya mizu mwa anthu achichepere imapangidwa ndi mafilimu okhala kumbuyo kwa thupi.
Kukula kopitilira muyeso
Mtundu wa mphutsi za chikumbu chosambira ndi chikasu, imvi, komanso bulauni. Nthawi zambiri thupi limaphimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga. Kunja, ana amawoneka ngati zinkhanira, osati osambira. Kuyambira kubadwa, mphutsizi ndizizilombo zolusa. Chakudya choyamba ndi caviar, mphutsi za ntchentche za caddis, chinjoka, udzudzu. Mutu wagundika, chifuwa chimakhala ndimagawo atatu, m'mimba mwa magawo asanu ndi atatu. M'mphepete mwa mutu muli maso 6 osavuta. Ma Antennas ndi oonda, azigawo zitatu zokhala magawo atatu, atatha kulumikizana awiri - magawo 6.
Zolemba pakamwa ndizosiyanasiyana. Palibe mlomo wapamwamba, ndipo wotsikirapo umapangidwa ndi mbale yayikulu yokhala ndi maula m'mphepete. Ma mandibles olimba amapindika ngati chikwakwa, m'mphepete amaloza. Zimangoyenda mu ndege yopingasa. Ngalande za mandibles zolumikizidwa ndi pharynx. Mphutsi zilibe kotsegula pakamwa. Chakudya chimalowa kudzera pachibwano.
Njira yogaya chakudya ya tizilombo sininso yachilendo. Kuchotsera sikuphatikizidwa m'mimba, koma kunja. Mphutsi imamiza ma mandibles ake mthupi la wovulalayo ndikuvulaza madzi am'mimba. Pakupita mphindi zochepa, minyewa ndi ziwalo zimayamba kukhazikika. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo zimamwa kwambiri pakhosi. Mutamaliza kudya, kachiromboka kamatsuka ma mandibles ndi matako a kutsogolo. Mphutsi za chikumbu chosambira, nyama yolusa yotopetsa komanso yolimba, mutamaliza kucheza ndi munthu m'modzi, imafunafuna ina.
Thupi lokwera kutalika lakumapeto kwake, kovekedwa ndi matchalitchi awiri. Muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana: ma spines, bristles, mamba. Mbali zitatu zazingwe zazitali zimalumikizidwa ndi zigawo za thoracic. Miyendo imakhala ndi magawo asanu. Mchiuno ndi miyendo yotsika akusambira tsitsi, phazi limathera m'mbali ziwiri.
Pakukula kwake, mphutsi zimalowa m'malo mwa zaka zitatu. Kutalika kwambiri ndiye m'badwo wachitatu womaliza. M'dzinja loyambirira, mphutsi zimachoka padziwe. M'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, amamanga kakhwawa kuchokera kumitengo yazomera ndi zinyalala za dothi. Ziphuphu zimachitika mchikhodzodzo. Gawo limatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Pupa ndi loyera, lofewa, lotseguka. Zithunzi pambuyo pakuwonekera kuchokera pachimake ndi zofewa komanso zopepuka. Pambuyo maola ochepa, chivundikiro chawo chimadetsedwa ndikuuma.
Kodi chikumbu chosambira chimadya chiyani?
Kusambira kumakhala kovutirapo kwambiri. Itha kudyetsa tizilombo, nsomba, komanso amphibians, mwachitsanzo, achule ndi zatsopano. Njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito nsikidzi ndi mwachangu ndi ma tadpole. Akuluakulu amatha kuluma chidutswa chachikulu chakudyacho ndikubwerera, kuyembekezera mwayi wotsatira. Nthiwatiwa zimakonda kulimbana ndi kachilombo, zomwe zochuluka kukula kwake katatu.
Mphutsi zilibe pakamwa. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimapezeka ndikulowetsa madzi a m'mimba m'thupi la wozunzidwayo, ndipo limalowetsa ziwalo zamkati mwa wozunzidwayo, kenako mphutsizo zimazigwira.
Kubalana ndi Moyo Wazungulira
Tizilombo tosambira, mphutsi, chithunzi
Tizilombo timakhala ndi kusinthika kwathunthu, mwachitsanzo, kumadutsa magawo a dzira, mphutsi, pupa ndi imago.
Matenga amachitika mu kasupe, m'madzi. Amphongo amakola zazikazi ndikuziphatika ndi iwo mothandizidwa ndi makapu oyamwa, omwe amakhala pamphumi. Kukalamba kumatha kupitilira masiku awiri. Potere, amuna okha ndi omwe amatha kupuma. Akazi, pamapeto akukhwima, ali otopa kwambiri ndipo sangathe kusambira paokha. Chifukwa chake, amuna amathandizira kuwonekera. Ngati njira yakukhwima idasokonekera kapena mkazi akakhala ndi matingwe angapo motsatana, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha imfa yake ndichabwino.
Akakhwima, akazi amabisala mumizimba kapena silika. Izi ndizomveka chifukwa amuna nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi wachibale wofowoka akangokwatirana, poona kuti ndi vuto. Ukala womwe umapezeka ukwanira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya umuna wa dzira.
Wamkazi amayikira mazira pamitengo ndi masamba a mbewu zina. Mitundu ina imatha kuyikira mazira m'nthaka. Kukhala m'matumba a chomera, mazira amatetezedwa kwa adani ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, zomangirazi zimamangika pachomera chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa madzi ena omatira. Nthawi zambiri, wosambira amayikira mazira pamizere:
Mazira amaikidwa padera, komanso amathanso kukhala pa tsamba limodzi kapena tsinde. Kamodzi m'madzi, dzira limaleka ndikukula. Kusintha kumawoneka bwino masamba, chifukwa pamenepo amatha kuwonekera. Pamalo pomwe kachilomboka kanaikira dzira, mutha kuwona malo kapena bulauni.
Dzira limayamba masiku 8 mpaka 40, kutengera chilengedwe. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi 28 ° C. Okwera nthawi zambiri amafesa mazira a tizilombo.
Mazira ndi akulu, mpaka 6-7 mm kutalika. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Utoto wake ndi wachikaso mopepuka. Chipolopolocho ndi chopyapyala kwambiri, motero, mazirawo amatha kupindika pang'ono.
Mphutsi zikubwerazi zimangobisalira. Atamaliza kukhetsa, amakafika kumtunda ndikukumba dothi lofewa. Dziwani kuti ndizosatheka.
Mphutsi zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi zigawo zambiri. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo. Nsagwada zimapangidwa bwino. Pakadali pano, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi miyendo itatu ya miyendo, yonseyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira. Kupaka utoto wa mphutsi nthawi zonse kumakhala kopepuka kuposa kwa akuluakulu. Utoto umachokera ku mchenga kupita ku ginger. Pakhoza kukhala malo amdima. Pakupukuta, kukula kwa arthropod kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Pakutha gawo lokula, kukula kwa thupi la mphutsi nthawi zambiri kumapitilira kukula kwa kholo. Pazonse, mphutsi zimachita bwino zaka zitatu.
Ziphuphu zimatenga milungu ingapo. Bomba la chikumbu limawoneka ngati wamkulu. Pakadali pano, arthropod amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachikaso chowoneka bwino. Popita nthawi, miyendo yake imachita khungu ndipo imakhala yofiirira. Mtundu wa pupa ndi wotseguka.
Wosambira kwambiri
Kutalika kwa chikumbu chachikulire ndi 35-45 mm. Tizilomboti tachikulu kwambiri timakhala tofiirira kapena takuda ndi tint yobiriwira. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti m'mphepete mwa chikwangwani ndi elytra la kachilomboka pali malire achikasu. Mphutsizo zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali lodziwika bwino; Tizilombo timakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi oyera. Mukukonda kutsalira pagombe. Mumaona matupi amadzi ambiri okhala ndi sedge, mahatchi, saber, gologolo. Kusambira kwakukulu ndi mitundu yosowa. Anasowa m'maiko aku Europe. Kachilomboka kali m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red List.
Zambiri. Osambira ali ndi adani ochepa m'madzi; Tizilombo timakhala ndi njira yotchingira - mdani akaukira, amatulutsa madzi oyera a caustic.
Kodi ngozi ya kachilomboka ndiyotani?
Tizilombo titha kuopseza madamu ang'onoang'ono. Tizilomboti timapha anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi. Nsomba zokongoletsera nazonso zikuwukiridwa. Tizilombo timakonda kukhala m'mafamu a nsomba, ndikuwononga zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuvulaza nsomba zam'madzi.
Malo osafunikira
Atakhazikika mu dziwe lokongoletsera, kambuku amadyera nsomba zokongoletsera komanso anthu ena.Eni ake matupi amadzi akukumana ndi vuto, momwe mungachotsere kachilomboka posambira? Njira yochepetsera nthawi ndi kupeza mitembo yomwe imawononga mphutsi zosambira. Njira ina ndikukhazikitsa pampope kapena kasupe komwe kamapangitsa kayendedwe ka madzi. Tizilomboti timakonda matupi oyimilira, kotero kuti imachoka m'malo ogona ndikupita kukafunafuna malo abwino.
Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti mukutsanulira madzi, kuyeretsa ndikuthira mankhwala pansi. Izi ziwononga mphutsi za imago ndi kachilomboka. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, madzi amathiridwa ndikuyamba kukhazikika.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Mutha kuyang'anizana ndi nyama yolusa yosambira munyanjayo kapena dziwe lanu. Kukwiya kwa anthu ndikosowa kwambiri. Kuluma kumakhala kowawa, koma sikuwononga thanzi. Tizilomboti timasambira m'madzi ngati tikuwopsezedwa. Ululu womwe umachokera pakhungu pakadutsa mphindi zingapo. Pakapita kanthawi, chilonda chimatupa, chotupa chimatha kupanga. Beetles alibe poizoni, ndiye kuti palibe zotsatira zoyipa.
Wovutitsidwa ayenera kulandira thandizo loyamba:
- nadzaza bala
- Chitani ndi antiseptic (ayodini, hydrogen peroxide),
- ikani bandeji
- yikani ayezi kuti muchepetse kutupa.
Chidwi Nthawi zambiri kulumidwa ndi kachilomboka kosambira kumalandiridwa ndi iwo omwe amazinyamula popanda kufunikira.
Mafani amoyo wam'madzi amatha kukhala ndi kachikumbu kosambira mu aquarium. Monga chakudya, amampatsa nyama komanso nsomba. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro, apo ayi cholowacho chimakhala chikuuluka. Mchenga umathiridwa pansi ndipo miyala yayikulu imayalidwa. Zomera zilizonse zimasankhidwa; osambira samazidya. Chachikulu ndichakuti sungathe kuyika nsikidzi mumadzi amodzi ndi nsomba.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Chingwe chachikulu chosambira
Thupi la osambira ndi opepuka kuposa madzi, ndipo ngati sanadye kwambiri, amatha kuwonekera mosavuta. Pamafunika kuyesetsa kuti mutsike. Pansi pa malo osungira, kumtunda kwa algae, kafadala amamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbedza zapadera pazatsogola.
Tizilombo timeneti timasaka usiku. Ngati zoterezi sizikukwanira, amapita kukafunafuna nyumba ina ndipo amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Asanayambe ulendowo, munthu wamkulu amatulutsanso matumbo ake kenako ndikudzaza mpweya. Pangofunika kuchotsa zochuluka zonse ndikuchepetsa, osambira amachoka. Ndikamauluka usiku, nsikidzi zambiri zimangowoneka padenga la nyumba zake, makhoma a nyumba, pomwe zimawatenga posungira.
Ambiri mwa osambira amakhala nthawi yayitali m'nthaka kapena kubisala m'makola a mitengo. Tizilombo tina timakhala nthawi yozizira, pomwe ena amakhala ngati mphutsi. Akuluakulu ena amakhala m'madzi ndikusambira mwachangu mpaka kuzizira. Madzi oundana akakhazikika, tizilomboti timaboweka mu silika mpaka kumapeto.
Chochititsa chidwi: Kubwezeretsanso zopumira za okosijeni, kachilomboka kakuyandama pamwamba ndikutulutsa pamimba pake pamadzi. Tizilombo ta kachilomboka tiyenera kuchita kamodzi pa mphindi 15 zilizonse. Tizilomboti timagwiritsa ntchito mpweya osati kupumira, komanso kuwongolera kukwera ndi kusambira.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Swimmer kachilomboka padziwe
Atangochita hibernation, osambira amayamba kubereka. Amuna samasamalira zazikazi, iwo amasankha munthu woyenera ndipo amangomugwira, atagwira ndi kutsogolo kwawo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kukwatirana. Ntchito yonse imachitika pansi pa madzi. Nthawi ina, zazikazi zimatha kukwatiwa ndi amuna angapo ndipo ena mwa iwo amafa chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto chifukwa chosowa mwayi wobwezeretsanso mpweya. Amuna pakadali pano ali pamwamba pa madzi.
Njira yothetsa ukadziyo ikamaliza, azimayiwo amaikira mazira mkati mwa tchire, asanaboboza minyewa yawo ndi ovipositor. M'nyengo imodzi, yaikazi imayika mazira 1-1,5 miliyoni. Pambuyo masiku 10-12, mphutsi zimawonekera. Kutengera ndi nyengo, njirayi ingatenge mwezi.
Mphutsi zosambira zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Zimasambira mwangwiro, zimatha kupuma mpweya wamlengalenga, ngati akulu, koma zimawonetsa kutsirizika kwa thupi kwa izi. Mphutsi, ngati kafadala wamkulu, ndizolimba kwambiri, ndizidyamakanda zopanda pake. Chakudya chawo choyamba: nsomba zam'madzi, mphutsi za chinjoka, ntchentche za caddis, udzudzu.
Pofika nthawi yophukira, mphutsi za osambira zimasiya matupi amadzi ndikuwombera kugombe, komwe amadzipangira zomangira zawo kuchokera m'nthaka ndi mbewu. M'malo otetezeka iwo amasilira. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, akulu amawonekera. Poyamba zimakhala zoyera komanso zofewa ngati pupae, koma m'maola ochepa nkhope yawo imayamba kuzimiririka.
Adani achilengedwe a kachikumbu kosambira
Chithunzi: Kodi kachikumbu kosambira kamaoneka bwanji?
Wachikulire wa chikumbu kusambira amakhala pafupifupi zaka 1-2. Pa moyo wawo wamfupi, zolengedwa izi zimatha kuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe cha nkhokwe, mafamu a nsomba. Akadapanda kuti ndi adani achilengedwe a kachilomboka, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuwalamulira.
Asodzi amatha kusaka:
- mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba
- mbalame zina, kuphatikizapo kuthengo konse,
- Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'madzi.
Pakakhala ngozi, osambira amatha kupanga chinsinsi chatsopano chokhala ndi fungo labwino lomwe limalepheretsa ena omwe amadana nawo kuti asankhe nawo. Pachifukwachi, palibe ambiri omwe akufuna kumuukira.
Wokwera tizirombo ndi mdani wachilengedwe wa mphutsi zamtchire. Akazi okwera pamavuto amasaka mphutsi zosambira mwa kununkhira kwapadera ndikuyika mazira mkati mwa thupi lawo, lomwe limadyetsa ndikusenda pakati pa mphutsizo. Akamakula, wosambira wachichepere amamwalira.
Chochititsa chidwi: Tizilombo tambiri, ngakhale titakhala tating'onoting'ono, timatha kulimbana ndi nyama zomwe zimadya, zomwe ndizochulukitsa katatu kuposa zomwe zimadya zokha. Ngati m'modzi atalephera kuthana ndi yemwe wakhudzidwayo, ndiye kuti nsikidzi zina zimathamangira - zimangofunika kununkhiza magazi omwe ali mumtsinje ngati piranhas.
Dzina lasayansi kachilomboka komanso malo ake mwadongosolo
Tizilombo amatchedwa kachilomboka. Dytiscidae ndi dzina lake lasayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera pachilankhulo cha Chilatini amamasuliridwa kuti "kutsamira". Makina asayansi a tizilombo takhazikika pa mitundu yayikulu ya taxa (magulu ogwirizana pamaziko a anthu wamba). Mwadongosolo, magulu apakatikati amapezekanso. Zambiri pazokhudza asayansi kagulu ka kachilomboka kamafotokozedwa pagome:
Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panjira ya sayansi ya tizilombo | Maina Agulu | |
Zabwino taxa | Chifundo | Dytiscidae |
Banja | Osambira | |
Kufikira | Chikumbu, kafadala | |
Gulu | Tizilombo | |
Mtundu | Arthropods | |
Magulu apakatikati | Fuko | Dytiscini |
Subfamily | Dytiscinae | |
Chigawo | Carnivorous kafadala | |
Mwapamwamba | Kutulutsa | |
Gulu la Infra | Carabomorpha | |
Zolanda | Ma miyendo 6 | |
Subtype | Kupumira kapena kufinya kwapang'onopang'ono (paranous) | |
Nattype | Molting | |
Gawo laling'ono | Poyamba |
Chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa tizilombo, kapangidwe ka mkati
Kutalika kwa tiziromboti ndi masentimita 4.5-5. Thupi la anthu ambiri ndi lakuda. Palinso kachikumbu ka bulauni komwe kamakhala ndi maolive tint. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi, olusa amayenda momasuka m'madzi. Mutu umakhala ndi kapangidwe kake kotero kuti kuchokera kumbali imawoneka ngati kuti imakanikizidwa m'chifuwa, kumayenda bwino kulowa m'mimba (pamimba). M'mphepete mwake muli maso, okhala ndi ommatidia (pafupifupi 9,000) ommatidia (mawonekedwe osavuta kwambiri owoneka).
Zida zam'kamwa zimapangidwa ndi nsagwada zopangidwa bwino. Zovala ziwiri zakutsogolo zili ndi zinthu zopatsa chidwi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mdaniyo azitha kumamatirira pamitengo ya zomera zam'madzi, timitengo, miyala. Miyendo yakumbuyo, yophimbidwa ndi ubweya komanso kusinthika kusambira, amafanana ndi nkhumba za bwato. Mayendedwe awo pansi pa madzi ali ngati funde la ore. Miyendo yakumbuyo imasuntha pamene akusambira.
Kulongosola kwachidule kwamkati mwasambira:
- Matumbo oyenda. MuZimaphatikizapo matumbo akunja, apakati, ndi kumbuyo. Loyamba ndi lomwe limayambitsa kupera ndi kukonza chakudya chachikulu ndi malovu, chachiwiri ndi njira zazikuluzikulu zakusokonekera kwa chakudya komanso kuperewera kwa zinthu zomwe zimayamwa, chachitatu chifukwa cha madzi.
- Njira yozungulira lacunar. Kufalikira kwa magazi kumaperekedwa ndi mtima, womwe umapezeka m'chigawo cha dorsal.
- Njira yothandizira. Amakhala ndi ma tracheas okhala ndi nthambi zambiri, pomwe okosijeni amayendera ziwalo zonse.
- Kachitidwe kodziyimira. Ndi mtolo wa ziwiya za malpigium zomwe zili mkati mwa mzimba, zomwe zimatsekedwa kumapeto kwaulere, ndipo zina zimatsikira m'matumbo pakati pa pakati ndi kumbuyo m'mimba.
- Machitidwe amanjenje. Muli ndi mphete ya peri-pharyngeal ndi chingwe cham'mimba cham'mimba.
- Njira yakulera. Mwa akazi, amayimiriridwa ndi mazira awiri, omwe aliyense amadutsa mu oviduct wa tubular. Zidutswa zamanja ndi zamanzere zimaphatikizidwa kukhala chiwalo chimodzi chosatupa, kudzera mazira okhwima amatulutsidwa. Pambuyo umuna, kudzikundikira kwa umuna kumachitika mu ovule. Ziwalo zoberekera zamphongo zimapangidwa ndi ma testes awiri, ndikudutsa mu ma deferens, pomwe mbewu imadulidwa.
Zinyama zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizoposa mitundu 400 ya ma arthropods anvertebrate, achi Russia - pafupifupi 300. Nthawi zambiri timapeza cimunos fringed. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamtundu wa banja lino, wosambira wokhala ndi mphindikayi amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi. Madamu aku Russia amakhalanso ndi puzanchik, dziwe, kudumphira pansi, buffoon wamba, bakha wosambira (Mzere). Ngati mtundu wamitundu yambiri wafalikira kwa wosambira, wotambalala kwambiri, wokhala ndi miyeso yayikulu, ndiye wosowa kwambiri (onani chithunzi).
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: kachilomboka kosambira
M'mayiko angapo a ku Africa, kachilomboka kakuyamba kutetezedwa, chifukwa chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe. Pa gawo la Europe ndi Russia, kutsutsana kwina kumawonedwa - kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka kakuwongoleredwa kuti kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwambiri.
M'masamba ambiri, asodzi amapha nsomba zamtundu uliwonse, tizilombo tina ndi zokwawa zonse zomwe zili m'madzi momwemonso, potero zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe, ndikuwononga kwakukulu minda yama nsomba. Kuopsa kwa kachilomboka ndikuwonekanso kuti amatha kuwuluka mtunda wautali kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano, chakudya pamalo akale chikakhala chosakwanira, potenga malo atsopano.
Adani achilengedwe akakhala kuti sangakwanitse kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka, mitundu ina ya nsomba yomwe imadya mphutsi za osambira imatha kulowa nawo m'malo osungira. Muzochuluka kwambiri, mankhwala apadera amthupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza pansi pa mphutsi, koma izi zimangogwira ntchito m'malo osungirako ochepa okha. Nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kukonzekeretsa kasupe kakang'ono kapena mathithi am'madzi, omwe amathandiza kayendedwe ka madzi, ndipo kafadala amangochokamo.
Swimming kachilomboka - mlenje. Zachilengedwe zimapereka zolengedwa izi ndi chilichonse chofunikira pa izi. Amadziwika kuti ndi olusa mwankhanza komanso mopanda mantha, nthawi zambiri amafaniziridwa ndi gulu la ma piranhas, ndikuwonongeratu chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda. Ngakhale izi, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwawona m'malo awo achilengedwe, kuwunika kusaka kwawo kwachangu.
Kubala komanso magawo okula
Amuna ndi akazi okwatirana mwamphamvu kugwa, mu Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Nthawi zina, izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika. Sikuti azimayi onse amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yamasewera. Amuna samayimilira pamwambo wakukonzekera: amakakamiza abambowo kubereka, kuwasunga pansi pa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kukumana pamodzi azimayi, ndikuwapatsa mpweya.
Amphongo pogonana amagwira akazi pogwiritsa ntchito makapu apadera oyamwa omwe ali kutsogolo ndi pakati miyendo. Pakadali pano, amatha masiku awiri. Akamaliza kuperekeza, mkaziyo akufuna kuchoka, apo ayi wamwamuna akhoza kudya. Chowala mu kugwa, chimakhazikika. The umuna mu thupi lake amatha kupitiriza ntchito yawo kwa miyezi 8.
Akazi atachita bwino umuna mu Marichi-Epulo amayamba kuyikira mazira. Nthawi imodzi, amatha kuwabwezeretsa pafupi zana. Nyengo, kuchuluka kwawo kumafika chikwi. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chapadera chomata mosasinthika, mazira mpaka 5-7 mm kukula kwake amakhala olimba. Ndi ovipositor lakuthwa, zimayambira ndi masamba, kudula, ndipo mazira amayikidwa mu poyambira.
Swimming kachilomboka
Gawoli limatenga pafupifupi masiku 10-12. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri, kumakhala kwa masiku 18- 20. Mabuu ndi achikasu, otuwa kapena amtambo. Nthawi zambiri matupi awo amaphimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima ndi malo osiyana. Amadyanso nsomba monga caviar, chinjoka, mphutsi za gulugufe, udzudzu. Chifukwa chosowa pakamwa potsegulira, chakudya chimalowa m'thupi lawo kudzera pachibwano. Chakudya cha mphutsi zosambira sizigaywa m'mimba, koma kupitirira.
Atasintha mibadwo itatu, yayitali kwambiri yomwe ili yomaliza, tizilombo timene timasiyira tinthu tambiri. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa yophukira. Kudera lam'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, amamanga chikhodzodzo - chipinda chokhala ndi makhoma opangidwa ndi zotsalira za mbewu ndi dothi. Mmenemo, mphutsi zimasanduka chrysalis. Gawo lazilonda limatenga pafupifupi masiku 30. Mu maola oyamba kubadwa kwa imago yofewa komanso yowala. Popita nthawi, chivundikiro chawo chimawuma, ndikupeza mthunzi wambiri.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa kachikumbu kosambira
Monga tizilombo tina tosambira, timisoti titha kuganizirapo za phindu ndi kuvulaza anthu. Zimatengera yemwe amakhala womumenya. Ngati iye amadya udzudzu ndi anthu akufa okhala m'malo osungirako, titha kunena kuti ndiwothandiza. Ponena za kudya nsomba, makamaka mwachangu, mu dziwe la nsomba, zoona, kachilombo kam'nyanja kameneka kamawononga kwambiri eni eni nsomba. Pali njira zambiri zolimbana ndi tizirombo tomwe timafunikira kwambiri.
Momwe mungasungire kachikumbu kosambira mu aquarium kunyumba?
Pokonza kachilomboka posambira panyumba, malo omwe mumakonda nsomba ndioyenera. Ziyenera kutsekedwa motetezeka, chifukwa mwina chija chimachoka. Kuti iye akule bwino komanso kuti azimasuka, ayenera kusamaliridwa bwino. Pansi pamadzi otambalala okhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 60, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mchenga ndi miyala yayikulu yamiyala. Mutha kuyika algae mmenemo. Zimafunikanso kukhala ndi fyuluta. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosapangidwira kuti upatse mpweya.
Muyenera kudyetsa kachilomboka ndi nyama ndi nsomba zosankhidwa. Mukasunga chiweto chodabwitsa chotere, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ziyenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium pokhapokha ngati palibe nyama iliyonse yomwe ikudyamo, ngati sichoncho nyama iyi imadyanso.
Zochititsa Chidwi Zosangalatsa
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa pankhani yodabwitsa:
- Poopa ngozi, wosambira amatulutsa chinthu chapadera cha kansalu, fungo linalake lomwe lingawopsyeze ngakhale mdani woopsa kwambiri.
- Tizilombo tambiri timakhala usiku. Zimasaka mumdima, zikuuluka kuchokera kuchisamba kupita kwina. Ziwonetserozi sizimawona bwino usiku, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala m'malo osasangalatsa, amatenga zinthu zomwe zimapanga kunyezimira pamadzi. Mukamadumphira pamalo onyowa kapena owoneka bwino, amatha kufa.
- Izi zopanda magazi komanso zopanda mantha zimatha kupha munthu wamkulu kwambiri, monga mkanda, katatu kukula kwake.
- Mphutsi zamtunduwu zimadziwika kuti ndizokhetsa magazi kwambiri komanso kususuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kusowa kwa kamwa, amatha kuwononga moyo onse m'njira yawo. Pa tsiku akhoza kudya pafupifupi ma tadpole 50.
Kodi kachikumbu kosambira ndi kowopsa kwa anthu?
Tizilomboti timatha kuluma pakhungu, koma, chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa poizoni, kuluma kwake sikuyambitsa mavuto komanso kupweteka. Komabe, chilonda chotere chimakhala chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri, komwe kumatha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakuluma, kutupa kumachitika kawirikawiri, hyperemia. Zizindikiro zimazimiririka pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
Kodi mungachotsere kachilomboka?
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kuwongolera ndi mankhwala. Madzi amchere amchere ndiwonso osathandiza. Ngati chiwerengerochi ndi chaching'ono, ndipo kulibe mbewu padziwe kapena ponde, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kumenya kachilomboka pamanja. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndilothandizanso. Kuti tichotse kusambira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chomwe chimayambitsa mawonekedwe ake kapena kupanga zovuta.
Pali njira zitatu zofala zolimbirana:
- Madzi athunthu. Asanadzazidwe, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti palibe tizilombo. Mphutsi ndi pupae zimatha kukhalabe m'nthaka. Zomera zonse zomwe zinali dziwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
- Pangani kuzungulira kwamadzi. Ma Arthropod amakonda madzi okhazikika okha. Njira yosavuta yopangira mkombero ndi kasupe. Asodzi onse achikulire omwe ali ndi zotere amatha kusaka malo abwino kukhalamo.
- Khazikikani mu dziwe adani achilengedwe. Choopseza chachikulu kwambiri ku kachilomboka ndi crucian carp. Nsomba zimadyanso onse akulu ndi mphutsi. Makina osambira ndiwo maziko azakudya za crucian m'chilengedwe.
Mukasamukira kwakanthawi, nsomba zonse ziyenera kufufuzidwa kuti tizirombo. Musanagwetsere nsomba padziwe loyeretsedwalo, khalani pansi kuti zitsimikizire kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitibwerera komwe amakhala. Mukakumba dziwe kwathunthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke choko pansi kuti mugwire bwino ntchito.
Momwe mabambawo amakulira
Mphutsi yosambira imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, monga kachilomboka wamkulu, komwe imawalola kuthana ndi vuto lililonse. Amatulutsa nsagwada m'thupi la womenyedwayo nthawi yomweyo ndikubisa madzi am'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lake liziziririka. Pambuyo poti wovulalayo atakhala madzi, mphutsi zimatenga zinthu zopangidwazo kudzera m'njira ziwiri zomwe zimapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri za nsagwada.
Pakatha ma molts awiri, nyongolotsi amasunthira kumtunda, komwe kumakhala dambo, nthawi zambiri pansi, pomwepo mphutsi zimakhazikika mpaka mwezi umodzi, kutengera ndi nyengo. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, kachilomboka wamkulu akusambira kuchokera pachikumbu, chomwe amakhala m'malo mwake sabata lina, kudikirira kuti thupi lake likhale lolimba. Zitatha izi, kachilomboka kachikulirepo kamachoka m'khola mwake ndikumka kunyumbayo, komwe kakhala chaka chimodzi.
Pomaliza
Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, kachilomboka kakusambira kamatha kuthana ndi nyama zomwe zimadya, zomwe ndizazikulu kwambiri kuposa kachilomboka. Ngati iye sangathe kuthana ndi womenyedwayo, ndiye kuti abale ake amuthandiza pamenepa, ndikokwanira kusiya mabala ochepa pa thupi la womenyedwayo. Mwanjira ina, ngakhale cholakwika ndichaching'ono, kuwonongeka kwake kungakhale kwakukulu.