Usiku umatenga nthawi yayitali, mpweya umadzazidwa ndi kuzizira komanso chisanu, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi koyamba kubisala, ndipo mbalame zimakonzekera maulendo ataliatali. Inde, nthawi yophukira yafika ndipo ndi nthawi yabwino kupita kumadera otentha.

Osati kwa ife okha, koma kwa abale athu okhala ndi tsitsi. Amadya kwambiri komanso kudziunjikira mafuta mosamala, zomwe zimawapulumutsa ku mpweya wozizira ndikupangitsa thupi kukhala ndi mphamvu. Mphindi imodzi yabwino, mtsogoleri wa gululo akubwera ndi kumka kumwera, ndipo pambuyo pake, mbalame zina zonse zimathamangira kumwera.

Mbalame zina zimayenda zokha, chifukwa chibadwa chawo chachilengedwe chimadziwa kuwuluka. Zachidziwikire kuti si mbalame zonse zomwe zimakonda kuuluka kum'mwera. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zokhazikika monga mpheta, maula, tinsalu ndi akhwangwala amamva bwino mu nthawi yozizira.

Zimatha kuwuluka kumizinda ndikumadya chakudya chomwe anthu amapereka, ndipo kumayiko otentha mitundu yamtunduwu siziuluka. Komabe, mbalame zambiri zimakonda kuuluka.

Zolinga zakusuntha kwa nthawi yozizira

Kodi mudaganizapo bwanji mbalame zimawulukira kumwera ndikubwerera kubwerera? Kupatula apo, amatha kukhala malo amodzi osapanga ndege zazitali komanso zazitali. Pali malingaliro angapo za izi. Chimodzi mwazo ndichifukwa nyengo yachisanu yafika - mukuti, ndipo mudzakhala mukuyankha pang'ono.

M'nyengo yozizira kumayamba kuzizira, ndipo amakakamizidwa kusintha nyengo. Koma kuzizira palokha sikuti chifukwa chomwe mbalame zimachoka kudziko lakwawo. Mapaipi amateteza bwino mbalame ku chisanu. Muyenera kudabwitsidwa, koma canary imatha kukhala ndi kutentha kwa -40, pokhapokha, ngati, pali zovuta ndi chakudya.

Chifukwa china chomwe mbalame zimawuluka ndi chifukwa chosowa chakudya nthawi yozizira. Mphamvu zomwe zimalandiridwa kuchokera ku chakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, zimatsata kuti mbalame nthawi zambiri zimafunika kudya kwambiri. Ndipo popeza sizomera zokha zokha, komanso nthaka ikamazizira nyengo yachisanu, tizilombo timatha, motero zimakhala zovuta kuti mbalame zizipeza chakudya.

Umboni wa chifukwa chomwe mbalame zambiri zimawulukira kumwera chifukwa chosowa chakudya ndikuti zikafuna chakudya chokwanira nthawi yayitali mbalame zina zosamukira nthawi yozizira, zimangokhala kwawo.

Komabe, zoona, yankho ili silingakhale lomaliza. Lingaliro lotsatirali ndilotsutsana. Mu mbalame, mumakhala zotchedwa zachilengedwe. Asayansi ena amati ndi amene amawapangitsa kuti ayende maulendo ataliitali komanso owopsa, ndipo abwerere miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake.

Zachidziwikire, momwe mbalame zimakhalira sizinaphunziridwe bwino komanso kubisa zinsinsi zambiri, mayankho omwe asayansi sanapezebe. Palinso lingaliro lina losangalatsa bwanji mbalame zimawulukira kumwera mu kugwa nabwerera. Chikhumbo chobwerera kunyumba chimalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa thupi panthawi yakukhwima.

Tizilombo timene timayamba kutulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timagulu tambiri, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mbalame kupita paulendo wautali kupita kwawo. Lingaliro lomaliza lokhudza chifukwa chomwe mbalame zimakonda kubwererera kwawo zimakhazikika poti mbalame zambiri, ana ndiosavuta kubzala pakati patali kuposa kumwera kotentha. Popeza mbalame zosamukasamuka zimagwira ntchito masana masana, tsiku lalitali limawapatsa mwayi wambiri wodyetsa ana.

Zinsinsi zakuyenda kwa mbalame

Zifukwa Zomwe mbalame Zimawera Kumwera osaphunziridwa mokwanira, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti padzakhala asayansi wina yemwe angatsimikizire kudziwika kwina kwa lingaliro linalake la kusamuka kwa dzinja. Dziweruzireni nokha kupusa kwathawidwe amtundu wina wa mbalame.

Mwachitsanzo, kumeza kumakonda nyengo yachisanu ku Africa, komwe dzuwa limatentha nthawi yozizira. Thonje loti liziwuluka ku Europe ndi Africa ngati kuli malo ofunda pafupi kwambiri? Mukatenga mbalame yofanana ndi phale, imawuluka kuchokera ku Antarctica kupita kumpoto, komwe kulibe vuto la kutentha.

Mbalame zotentha nyengo yozizira siziwopsezedwa ndi kuzizira kapena kusowa kwa chakudya, komabe, atalera ana, amawuluka kumadera akutali. Chifukwa chake, wankhanza wa imvi (ukhoza kusokonezedwa ndi zomwe timakhala nazo) chaka chilichonse umawulukira ku Amazon, ndipo nthawi yakukhwima ikafika, imabwerera ku East India.

Amakhulupirira kuti pofika nthawi yophukira kwa mbalame zakum'mwera kulibe malo abwino. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo ozizira otentha, komanso ku equator, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mabingu, ndi omwe sapezeka m'maiko omwe amatentha kwambiri.

Mbalame zouluka kupita kumadera omwe kuli nyengo yotentha zimasiya madera ndi nyengo yachilimwe. Chifukwa chake, kwa kadzidzi yoyera, malo abwino kwambiri ogona ndi tundra. Chilimwe chotentha komanso chakudya chokwanira, monga mandimu, chimapangitsa tundra kukhala malo abwino kukhalamo.

M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yoyambira yoyera imasinthidwa m'nkhalango yodutsa pakati. Monga momwe mumaganizira kale, kadzidzi sadzatha kukhalapo mu malo otentha chilimwe, chifukwa chake nthawi yachilimwe amabwereranso ku tundra.

Kodi kuzizira kumangoyendetsa ndege?

Anthu ambiri akukhulupirira kuti mbalamezi zimachoka chifukwa cha kuzizira. Zowonadi, pakugwa, kutentha kukugwa mwachangu, ndipo anthu ayenera kulandira zovala zotentha kuchokera kumabedi awo. Koma kodi mbalame amaziziradi? Mfundoyi ndiyokayikira kwambiri, chifukwa maula ambiri aiwo ndiwotentha. Zisanu nthawi yozizira imatha kulekerera ngakhale phula yanyumba. Ndipo anthu akuluakulu, njanji zomwezo zomwe zimasiya zitunda zakumpoto ndi maonekedwe okongola, siziyenera kuziziratu. Pansi pa nthenga za mbalame iliyonse pamakhala gawo la fluff, lomwe limapereka chodalirika chowonjezera kutentha ngakhale kutentha kwa -45 madigiri. Kodi chimawachititsa kuuluka ndi chiyani?

Vutoli limayamba kumvekera bwino ngati mutayang'anitsitsa zakudya za mbalame zosamukasamuka ndi anzawo omwe siziuluka. Omnivores amalekerera nyengo yachisanu mosavuta, yomwe imapeza chakudya nthawi iliyonse, makamaka pafupi ndi munthu. Mpheta, akhwangwala, nkhunda - zonsezo zimatha kupeza chakudya chokwanira. Ngati tilingalira za agulugufe, zikwangwani - pofika nyengo yozizira, amalephera kupeza chakudya. Matumba amaundana, satha kusaka achule ndi abuluzi. Tizilombo tosavomerezeka timakhalanso opanda chakudya - m'nyengo yozizira tizilombo timasowa, ena mwa iwo amafa, mbali inayo imakhala hibernation.

Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimabweranso?

Kumagawo akum'mwera kwa mbalamezi amapezeka kuti ali ndi chakudya chokwanira, amatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Koma chimawabweza m'mbuyo ndi chiyani, chifukwa amatha kukhalako kwamuyaya? Ndikusintha kuti mphindi iyi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kubereka, monga nsomba. Ndi nthawi yakuswana kwa mbalame, mahomoni ofananirana ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito zimayamba kupangidwa, ndi kuchuluka kwawo m'magazi, mbalame zimabwereranso komwe zimabadwira kale. Amawulukira kumpoto kuti akapatse moyo m'badwo watsopano, womwe umawulukira kumwera ndi makolo awo ndikugwa, kenako kubwerera kwawo, kumpoto.

Kuli kuti kwawo kwa mbalame zosamukira?

Kulakalaka kwabwino kotere kwa Amayi kumakhala kokhazikika mwa mbalamezo; zimabereka pokhapokha pomwe zidasakidwa dzira. Amawulukira kum'mwera kwakanthawi, ndipo ndimphepete yakumpoto yomwe ingatengedwe kuti kwawo. Mbalame zimakumbukira kwambiri zonse zomwe zidawonedwa, zimawonekera posachedwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngakhale ana aang'ono amawona amayi awo kukhala munthu woyamba yemwe adamuwona atabadwa, ndipo akhoza kutsatira molimba osati osati mayi wawo wowona wa bakha, komanso galu, mwamunayo.

Kuperewera kwa chakudya

Choyamba, ndege zanyengo zina zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya mu nthawi yozizira. Ndi nyengo yozizira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, tizilombo tambiri ndi zakudya zina zimakhala. Atapulumuka nyengo yoyipa kumwera, mbalamezo zimabwerako ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wodziwika. Koma bwanji osakhala kwamuyaya pamalo otentha?

Ornithologist Viktor Zubakin amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezera pakudyetsa, mpikisano ndi womwe ukuchititsa kuti mbalame zibwerere kumwera. M'malo otentha pali mitundu ya mbalame yomwe imasinthika motere. Chifukwa cha izi, "alendo" akumpoto akukumana ndi mpikisano wowopsa pakupanga nesting ndikupeza chakudya.

Komanso musataye zomwe zimayambitsa nkhwawa zomwe zimayambitsa nyengo yotentha. Mbalame zakumpoto sizikumana nawo nthawi zonse, chifukwa zimayesa kubwerera malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame za m'madzi zimakhala bwino ku Siberia, ndipo zimadya chakudya chambiri chamtchire. Koma nthawi yozizira, zimakhala zovuta kuti akhale ndi moyo, ndipo amawuluka kupita ku Australia kapena Asia.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimayang'anira ndege?

Sizikudziwika kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chimaphatikizapo kuuluka kwa mbalame kumwera. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti njirayi imayamba ndi kuchepa kwa maola a masana, koma izi sizikutsimikiziridwa. Mulimonsemo, iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ngati atakhala kumpoto, mbalame zosamukira sizikanakhalako nthawi yachisanu. Anthu omwe ali ndi mapiko owonongeka, osatha kuyenda kumwera, amangopulumuka mothandizidwa ndi anthu.

Zokhudza chisinthiko

China chomwe chikuchititsa kuti mbalame zizibwera kuchokera kumwera ndi njira za chisinthiko. Zikuwoneka zachilendo kuti mbalame zomwe nthawi yozizira yotentha zimachoka kunyumba kwawo ndipo pazifukwa zina zimawulukira kumpoto. Komabe, lingaliro pano ndilakuti kwa mibadwo yambiri, makolo otentha amakhala m'malo ambiri, kupatula m'malo ozizira.

Zakudya zambiri zanyengo ndi kutalika kwa tsiku zidawathandiza kuti abereke ana. Ngati mbalame zam'malo otentha zimakula anapiye awiri, ndiye anzawo aku kumpoto - 4-6. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zochokera kumadera ozizira zidapitilizabe kubwerera kumalo otentha, pomwe zikhalidwe ndi kusaka zakudya zidakulirakulira m'nyumba yatsopano.

Kuchirikiza lingaliro ili, komwe zimachokera mbalame zambiri zaku North America zitha kukumbukiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, mabanja a vireonic ndi tanagra, komanso mbalame zina zam'meza, adatuluka m'madera akumwera.

Mphamvu ya njira zama elexandromagnetic

Amadziwika kuti kusinthasintha m'munda wamagetsi kumakhudza thupi. Komanso, imasinthira mwamphamvu mluza wa mbalame, nthawi zina imamupha. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti malo otentha amapezeka mosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumpoto chifukwa cha mabingu ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti magetsi azikhala ndi magetsi.

Mwinanso, mbalamezo, zikubwerera kuchokera kumwera, zimadziteteza ndi ana awo ku mphamvu zowononga zamabingu. Mbalame sizimachita manyazi ngakhale patali kwambiri - zonse kuti tisunge nyamazo. Mbalame pankhaniyi ndizofanana ndi nsomba za nsomba, zomwe zimafa, koma zimapereka mazira abwino.

Chiphunzitsochi chitha kutsutsidwa chifukwa choti pali mbalame zomwe zimapezeka m'malo otentha, zimakhalako bwanji? Chowonadi ndi chakuti mumtundu wotere, momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito zimasiyana mosiyana ndi mbalame zakumpoto. Nthawi yomweyo, okhala m'malo otentha amayesetsa kulera ana m'malo okhala ndi mabingu ochepa. Mwa njira, mbalame zosamukira zimakhala zazikulu kum'mwera.

Zachidziwikire, pali zitsanzo za mbalame zomwe zimasinthidwa bwino m'malo ovuta ndipo zimamva bwino, ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano. Chitsanzo ndi bakha wamsika. Amakhala ku Russia komanso ku North America. Iye samasamala kuti azikhala kumalo otentha kapena kotentha kozizira.

Chitsanzo china ndi ngale yaimvi. Mbalameyi imazolowera kuzizira kwambiri kotero kuti imawulukira osati kumwera, koma North Pole. Ubwino wopikisano wa phula wakumpoto ndikutha kulowa pansi pamadzi mpaka akuya ma mita angapo. Chifukwa chake, kusaka chakudya m'malo ovuta kwa mbalameyi ndi chinthu wamba.

Chifukwa chake, zidakwaniritsidwa kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingatenge nawo gawo pobwerera kwa mbalame kuchokera kumwera. Aliyense wa iwo atha kuthandizira kupanga mbalame komanso momwe zimasamukira.

Kupita patsogolo kwamakalasi

Atisonkhana onse pamphasa ndipo moni wina ndi mnzake

Ana amayima mozungulira, ndikupereka moni kwa anansi kumanja ndi kumanzere ndi zala, manja, nsapato, mphuno.

2. Vuto zovuta, kupanga zoyambitsa

Aphunzitsi azindikira kuuluka kumeza kum'mawa ndi mapiko owonongeka (konzani pasadakhale pagululi mbalamekoma kuti anawo asazindikire)

(mphunzitsi amatenga mbalame m'manja ndikukhala pamatapeti ndi ana)

Ah, ndikuti mbalame ndani? (kumeza)

Swallow? Kodi ndi nyengo yanji tsopano? (nthawi yachisanu)

Kodi tili ndi nyengo yachisanu kapena yosamukasamuka mbalame? (kusamuka)

Chifukwa chake Swallow iyenera kukhala kuuluka(modabwitsa)

Ndiye ndichani tsopano? Momwe mungamuthandizire? (mayankho a ana)

Ndipo tiitane woyang'anira vetera, zinthu zonse zizioneka bwino ndi kumeza kwathu

(Chowona Zanyama akubwera ndikutenga mbalameyo)

Pomwe kumeza kwathu kumayesedwa ndi adotolo, ndikupereka lingaliro kupita ku bolodi lakuda ndikumvetsera nkhaniyo, bwanji mbalame zimawulukira kumwera.

3. Gawo lalikulu

3.1. «Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimawulukira kumwera»

Ambiri mbalame zimadya fluffKukula pansi paula komanso chifukwa chomwe amatha kudziteteza ngakhale nyengo yozizira ngati yozizira. Fluff imasunga mpweya wotentha ndikuteteza mbalame yozizira. Kwambiri mbalame kuwuluka kumwera chifukwa chosiyana kwathunthu, chofunikira komanso chofunikira kwambiri - chifukwa chosowa chakudya m'miyezi yozizira yozizira. Zakudya zazikuluzambiri mbalame ndi tizilombokuti nthawi yozizira imakhala hibernate kapena ngakhale kufa. Kuchokera pamenepa kwa mbalame zikuyamba kuvuta kupeza chakudya. Ndiye ndakatulo yozizira kumwera kumeza kuwuluka, abakha, makhwawa ndi zovala zakuda, kuuluka kumayiko akutali akummwera. Chifukwa chomwechi amakakamiza atsekwe atuluka kwawo. Kummwera, tizilombo sifa ndi nyengo yozizira. Pamenepo mutha kuwagwira monga momwe mungafunire, monga momwe mungafunire kudyetsa mbalame zathu. Herons ndi agulugufe amawulukira kum'mwera panthawi yomwe matupi amadzi amaola. Chule, nsomba mwachangu ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana kubisala pansi pa ayezi. M'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale mbewa zimasowa, zomwe ndi zina mwazofunikira mbalame. Ndiwosavuta, amabisala patali komanso pansi pa chipale chofewa, kubisala m'nyumba zawo. Inde, alipo mbalameomwe, ngakhale kuli kwakuti kulosera zamtsogolo zilizonse, amakhalabe nthawi yozizira kunyumba - nthawi yachisanu (amangokhala) chifukwa adaphunzira kudya chakudya chomwe anthu amataya. Amapeza chakudya chamtunduwu m'makapeti and zinyalala (amaonetsedwa monga momwe amauzidwira mbalame pafupifupi theka la bolodi, pomwe pali chithunzi cha mayiko ofunda, mbali inayo ya bolodi nyengo yachisanu mbalame.

Sedentary - akukhala malo amodzi mokhazikika.

Tiyeni tinene mawu awa limodzi.

Tikufuna kukuthandizani kuuluka kumeza kwathu, ndipo njira ndiyabwino. Kodi kuzizira kumayenda mumsewu sakupeza chakudya ndipo ndi pabwino kuti aziuluka yekha? (ayi)

Tengani mipando yanu pagome

3.2. Mtundu wapa "Dulani zithunzi"

Tawonani, ndakonzerani kumeza kwina.

Kodi akuwoneka ngati chimeza chathu? Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?

Mumbale mumakhala ndi zigawo za kumeza. Pezani gawo lililonse malo ake (ana amatulutsa gawo lakuda ndi lofiirira). Ndi zigawo ziti za mbalame zomwe mudapeza malowo?

Eya, tsopano magawo awa amafunika kuti azikongoletsedwa ndi ndodo yomata.

3.3. Kusintha kwamtundu wamadzi kuchokera ku semolina.

Tsopano tikupanga mimba ya mbalame yathu. Yang'anani kuchokera chiyani? (ana akuitana)

Ndikofunikira kupatutsa buckwheat ku semolina.

3.4. Kuvala m'mimba kumeza.

Tsopano timaphika m'mimba mwa kumeza ndi guluu. Timagona ndi semolina. Timagwedeza zotsalira za semolina pamapuleti.

4. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Tsekani maso anu (osewera nyimbo zamatsenga). Mbalame zathu zinafa!

"Zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphindi yakuthwa"

Mbalame zinasonkhana kumwera

Zimasanthulidwa pozungulira ponse (maso ali mozungulira)

Maso kumanja, maso kumanzere (maso kumanja, kumanzere)

Mpaka kumwamba kwamtambo (mokweza)

Maso pansi (maso pansi)

Pali nkhalango, minda, mtsinje.

Mapiko amapindika (funde la manja)

Anathawa panthambi (tulukani pampando)

5. Chidule zotsatira.

Wowonongera ziweto abwereranso, akuti mapiko akumeza adawonongeka, koma tsopano zonse zili bwino ndipo titha kuzitumiza kuti ziziwuluka kumadera ofunda.

Ndizabwino kuti kumeza tsopano kuuluka kumwera! Osati amodzi, koma gulu lonse. Kodi gulu lathu limapanga mbalame zochuluka motani?

Pamabatani okonzedwa kale ndi helium, ana amaphatikiza zikwangwani kuti zisewere matepi ndikuziwunikira kumwamba.

Phunziro lokambirana "Chifukwa chiyani mphaka wachisoni amakhala wachisoni?" Cholinga: kuphunzira kusiyanitsa zokumana nazo pazitsanzo za nyama, kulimbikitsa kufunitsitsa kwa ana kusamalira ziweto, kukula.

Ntchito "Mbalame zimawulukira kumwera" (gulu lakale logopedic) Mbalame zakumwamba zimasungunuka, kusungunuka- Mbalame zimawulukira kumwera. Chilichonse, dokowe lidasungunuka, Herons, ndowa. Sabata ino ntchito yamalonda yatha.

Phunziro lophatikizidwa kwa ana a zaka 4-5 "Chifukwa chiyani Novembala ndi piebald" Olemba: aphunzitsi Igoshina I. M., Shmelkova O. V. Phunziro lophatikizika kwa ana azaka 4-5 "Chifukwa chake Novembala ndi piebald". Kuphatikiza kwamaphunziro.

Phunziro lomaliza lomaliza "Mphukira" kwa ana okalamba amasukulu omwe ali ndi vuto lowonera Cholinga: kuphatikiza zomwe zapezeka pamutu wakuti "Kasupe". Ntchito zokuwongolera ndi kuphunzitsa: kusinthasintha ndi kulinganiza bwino za kasupe.

Chochitika chomaliza "Magalimoto amayenda mafunso" Chiyani? Kuti? Chifukwa chiyani? "" Mu gulu lakale Cholinga: Kuphatikiza ana kudziwa zamalamulo amsewu, kudziwa zizindikiro zapamsewu. Ntchito: 1. Fotokozerani chidziwitso cha ana za.

Phunziro lomaliza pakuphunzirana ndi mbalame zomwe zili mgulu la pakati "Mbalame ndi abwenzi athu" Cholinga: • Kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha mbalame • Kutchula mbalame zingapo zosamukasamuka, zouluka, zam'madzi, kupangitsa chidwi ndi kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha ntchitozo.

Mapeto a phunziroli ophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zoyeserera "Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimathawa" Malingaliro a phunziroli ophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zoyeserera kwa ana omwe ali ndi mavuto aubwana ndi ana achikulire a msana wamaphunziro asukulu “Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimawuluka”.

Chidule cha phunziro lomaliza pa pulojekiti “mbalame za nthawi yozizira” Cholinga: Kuphatikiza ndi kuphatikiza zomwe zidapezedwa kale pankhani ya mbalame yozizira. Ntchito: Kukula kwachuma ndi chiyanjano: kumanga chidaliro.

Polojekiti yakapangidwe "Tulukani, thawani kutali ..." (chithunzi pachithunzi) Monga gawo la polojekiti yophunzitsa ndi "Kuuluka, thawani kutali." Amuna ndi ine tinakumbukira nthawi yanji, ndizomwe zasintha.

Phunziro "Merry nkhuku Yard" (Phunziro lomaliza pamutu wakuti "Nkhuku") Ntchito za pulogalamu: Kuphunzitsa kuyankhula kwa ana, zolembalemba komanso kukoma kwa mawu achigiriki. Limbikitsani kutenga nawo mbali pakuchita sewero, tchulani.

Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimawulukira kumwera

Mbalame zokhala ndi thukuta zimapita kumadera ofunda, kumwera, chifukwa chakuti kwawo kwawo nthawi yozizira kulibe chakudya chokwanira, ndipo zizindikiro za kutentha ndizochepa kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti anthu ochepa azikhala mu chisanu, chifukwa tizirombo timabisala ndipo mitsinje imazizira. Ngakhale nsomba ndi achule amabisala m'misala pakazizira.

Udzu wobiriwira ubisala pansi pa chipale chofewa, zipatsozo zimazizira zitsamba. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zimawulukira kumwera, popeza amakakamizidwa kukafunafuna chakudya kumadera otentha.

Pambuyo pa izi, mitundu ya herbivorous imayamba kukonzekera ulendo wawo wakum'mwera, popeza zimakhalanso zovuta kuti adye. Anthu amatha kumva kulira kwa crane komwe kumawonetsa kuti wedge yatukuka kale pamtunda ndipo ikulowera kumwera.

Mbalame zimasonkhana koyamba m'ming'alu yayikulu, zimapuma kaye zisanachitike, popeza zimakhala ndiulendo wautali. Tiyerekeze kuti a Storks amatha kuuluka pafupifupi makilomita 10,000, popeza ali paulendo wopita ku Africa. Pafupifupi nyengo yozizira, atsekwe ndi asodzi amachoka ku South Asia. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yonse imakonzekera kubwereranso masika, monga kudziko la zisa zawo ndi nyumba.

Ndi mbalame iti yomwe imagona kunyumba

Sikuti mbalame zonse zimawulukira kumwera, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri yomwe yazolowera moyo nyengo yozizira. Mokulira, amadya kuchokera ku mabatani otayira zinyalala, komanso amayendera zowononga malo. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndi anthu omwe amayika njere mu chakudya chapadera.

Mbalame zotsatirazi sizichoka kwawo:

Yemwe amawulukira pamaso pa aliyense

Mitundu yomwe imadya tizilombo timakhala yoyamba kuwuluka m'mphepete yotentha. Ziphuphu zimawulukira kumwera mu Seputembala, chifukwa zimawuluka kwambiri ndikugwira tizilombo kumeneko. Monga mukudziwa, m'malo oterowo, chakudya chimazimiririka mwachangu, popeza kumazizira kwambiri pamtunda. Swift amakonda nyengo yozizira ku Africa kapena kumwera kwa India, komwe kuli nyengo zonse za nyengo yachisanu ya carnivores.

Amatha atangolowa, kumeza kumwera, ndipo akudutsa nyanja, chipululu cha Sahara ndikuyima kumwera kwa Africa. Amadyetsa ankhandwe, omwe amagwidwa pomwe pa ntchentche.

Kodi chimapangitsa mbalame kukhala chiyani?

Mitundu yonse ya mbalame imakhala nthenga. Pali zikhalidwe zina zomwe zimakonda gulu la mbalame, koma nthenga ndiye mkhalidwe wokhawo womwe ndi wosiyana ndi nyama izi. Ambiri anganene kuti kuuluka kumapangitsa mbalame kukhala zapadera, koma kodi mumadziwa kuti si mbalame zonse zomwe zimawuluka? Emu, kiwi, cassowary, ma penguins, nthiwatiwa ndi nandus ndi mbalame zomwe sizimawuluka. Mbalame zopanda mbalame monga ma penguins zimasambira pansi pamadzi bwino.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi zida zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe zimawalola kuuluka. Mafupa opepuka koma olimba ndi milomo ndiyomwe imathandizira kuti achepetse thupi pakuthawa. Mbalame zimakhala ndi maso, makutu, miyendo, komanso zimatha kumanga zisa. Mitundu ina imatha kupanga mawu okongola.

Zomwe mitundu imachoka

Pamene otetezedwa achoka kale m'malo ozizira, herbivores amawatsata. Nthawi yomweyo, abakha ndi omaliza kuchoka m'malo omwe kwawo, chifukwa amatha kupeza chakudya mpaka dziwe ladzala ndi madzi oundana. Pakadali izi, sizingatheke kupeza nsomba, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'ana madera ena abwino.

Palinso mitundu ina ya mbalame yomwe imadziwika kuti imasinthasintha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakonda kukhala kunyumba nthawi ya chilimwe, komanso kutentha nthawi yozizira. Zimawuluka pokhapokha kutentha kwa mpweya kuzikhala kotsika kwambiri.

Anthu otsatirawa atha kulembedwa kuti:

Pali mitundu ina yomwe siyikuuluka. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amadalira munthu, chifukwa amadya mu feeders kapena zinyalala. Amatha kupezeka ngakhale masiku a chipale chofewa, mbalame zina zitachoka kuderalo. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye kuti muyenera kudyetsa iwo ndi mbewu, kuti mbalame zithe kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu.

Kodi mbalame zimayenda bwanji?

Mbalame zambiri zimafunafuna malo omwe kumatenthe, kumakhala chakudya chochuluka, komanso kuthekera kuziswana ndi kuziteteza kwa adani. Kummwera kwa Nyengo, makamaka m'malo otentha, nyengo yake ndi yotentha, motero mbalame zimatha kupeza chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse. Kuwala kwamasana kumawathandiza kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kudya tsiku lililonse, motero safunika kuwuluka kulikonse kuti apeze chakudya.

M'mayiko a kumpoto kwa Nyengo, mwachitsanzo, ku Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, ndi ena ndiosiyana. Pakutalika kwa chilimwe chakumpoto, mbalame zimakhala ndi nthawi yambiri kudyetsa anapiye awo ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Koma masiku akayamba kutha ndipo chakudya chikuchepa, mbalame zina zimasamukira kumwera kumadera otchedwa "malo otentha." Komabe, si mbalame zonse zomwe zimasamukira. Pali mitundu ya nyama yomwe imatha kukhalako nthawi yozizira, pomwe imatsala ku Northern Hemisphere. Mwachitsanzo, nkhunda, akhwangwala ndi zovala zakuda zimakhalabe kumalo awo okhala chaka chonse.

Komwe mbalame zimawulukira

Kukhala kofunikira kuonanso mwatsatanetsatane madera omwe mbalame zimakonda, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse umasankha dziko lawo kuti likhazikike kwakanthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mbawala mu mzimu waku Southeast Asia, komanso ku West Africa. Redstart imakondanso madera otentha, motero imawulukira ku Africa. Rook amakonda kusakhalitsa nthawi yozizira kutali ndi kwawo, choncho amapita ku Central Asia, Crimea, Caucasus, komanso ku Northern Mediterranean.

Blackbird nthawi zambiri imakhalabe nthawi yozizira ku Asia Minor kapena kumwera kwa Europe. Ponena za mbalame ya Dupel, imakhalabe ku Africa, komwe imakhala momasuka. Malamba amakhala kumapiri a Pyrenees, komanso ku Apennines. Cranes amasankhidwa ndi China, Southwest Europe, komanso East.

Korostel, wotchedwanso kuti amanyansidwe, amasankha Southeast Africa kuthawa. Swowsows nthawi zambiri imayima ku Australia kapena South Africa. Mu nthawi yozizira, swans amatha kuonedwa ku Afghanistan, Iran, komanso ku Peninsula ya Arabia.

Ndizachilendo kuti mbalame zokongola nthawi zambiri zimakhala ku Hindustan kapena ku Caspian. Kumeneko, amakhalanso omasuka.

Pali mbalame yosamukira ngati kola. Imatha kuwoneka kawirikawiri m'malo akumphepete mwa Caspian ndi Black Sea. Itha kukhalanso m'magawo akumwera. Robin amakonda kuuluka ku South Egypt, Iraq ndi Caucasus. Mwa madera ena oyenera, zisumbu za Mediterranean zitha kusiyanitsidwa.

Nyenyezi zimakonda kukhala yozizira kum'mwera kwa Mediterranean nthawi yamnyengo yozizira makamaka. Woyeserera mutu wankhondo amawulukira ku Greece, Spain, komanso ku Kupro. Nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka nthawi yozizira ku Sudan.

Usiku wodziwika bwino umawulukira kumadera otentha ku Persian Gulf, komanso kumalire a West ndi East Africa. Nyengo yachisanu yozizira ku South Asia, bakha ndiwabwino kwambiri ku Balkan. Ponena za heron, imakhala m'malo ozizira m'mphepete mwa Nile kapena m'malo ena a Africa. Lapwing imanyamuka nthawi yozizira kumpoto kwa India, kumwera kwa Japan ndi Pakistan.

Mbalame zonse nthawi imodzi chifukwa cha mitundu yake zimapita kumwera, koma zina zimakonda kuzizira. Ngati chisanu sichiri chozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti amakhalabe kunyumba. Kutentha kochepa, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kupita paulendo wautali kuti zikhale ndi moyo ndikupuma mchaka kuti zipeze anapiye. Ngakhale mbalamezi zikauluka zisafike pamakilomita 10,000, zimapezabe njira yobwererera.

Kodi mbalame zimayenda liti?

Mtundu uliwonse umasuntha nthawi zina pachaka. Mbalame zina sizikhala zachilendo m'njira zosamuka. Mitundu ina imayamba kusamukira kumwera kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, pomwe ina simasamukira mpaka nyengo ikazizira kwambiri kapena chakudya sichikupezeka. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana akuwonetsa kuti maola ofupikira masana amalimbikitsa kusuntha kwa mbalame zambiri.

Kodi mbalame zimadya bwanji posamukira?

Mbalame zina zimadya pafupipafupi posamukira, pomwe mitundu ina imakhala ndi mafuta apadera olimbitsa thupi musananyamuke mtunda wautali. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musaganize za chakudya kwa milungu ingapo.

Mbalame zambiri zomwe zimafunikira chakudya nthawi yosamukira zimawuluka usiku zazing'ono. Amadyetsa ndikupumula masana kuti apewe ena omwe amadyera.

Kodi mbalame zimayenda bwanji?

Kusuntha ndikovuta chifukwa zimafunikira kuti mbalame zimvetsetse zinthu zitatu: komwe zikupezeka, komwe zikupita, ndi komwe zikuyenera kutsatira kuti zifikire.

Mbalame zina zimagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa ndi nyenyezi kuyenda. Ena amatsogozedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mitsinje, mapiri kapena mphepete mwa nyanja. Mbalame zina zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito fungo lawo. Ngakhale mbalamezo zimathanso kuyenda pamasiku amtambo ndikuwoloka nyanja, pomwe palibe chizindikiro chomveka bwino. Ndiye kodi amachita bwanji?

Asayansi anena kuti mbalame zimazindikira kuti dziko lapansi limachita kuzungulira pamagalasi. M'milomo ya mbalame mumakhala ma potoni omwe amadziwika kuti ndi kampasi. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimatha kuwona maginito ndi maso awo. Sayansi sadziwa chilichonse chokhudza momwe mbalame zimayendera, koma mwina amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zoyendera.

Kodi mbalame zimawuluka chifukwa chiyani?

Gulu la mbalame zouluka mu wedge sizangochitika mwangozi. Mbalame zazikulu, monga atsekwe ndi abakha, zimapanga mphero kuti muchepetse mpweya. Mphero zimathandizira kuti mbalame ziziyenda mtunda wautali komanso bwino kwambiri kuposa mbalame zowuluka zokha.

Mukamauluka ndi mphero, kulimba kumawonjezeka ndi 70%. Mbalame yotsogola komansoukwati wotsekera ndizovuta kwambiri, pomwe mbalame pakati pawo zimapindula mwakuwulutsa mapiko a mbalame zina.

Kuphatikiza pakuwongolera kuuluka, njirayi ndiyothandizanso pakulankhulana pakati pa mbalame. Kuuluka kwouluka kumathandiza kuti mbalame ziziyandikana, komanso kumva komanso kuona abale awo. Amatumizirana chidziwitso wina ndi mnzake (pogwiritsa ntchito mawu), ndipo amatha kumamatirana.

Kuopsa kosamuka

Nthawi zina mbalame zimadumphira m'malo ovuta monga zipululu, komwe kuli madzi pang'ono kapena nyanja, komwe kulibe malo opumirako komanso kudya.

Ngakhale akapeza chakudya ndi madzi, mbalame zimafunika kukhala pansi, pomwe zimayambitsa ngozi kuti zizigwiridwa ndi winawake.

Pakhoza kukhala zilombo zambiri panjira yosamukira. Kutengera ndi kukula, mbalame zosamukasamuka zimakhala nyama ya amphaka amtchire, nkhandwe, mimbulu, anthu, ndi nyama zina. Mbalame zina zimatha kugwidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame nthawi youluka. Nthawi zina nyengo yovuta ya nyengo imapangitsa kuti kuvuta kuulukire komanso ngakhale kufa. Zimachitika kuti mbalame zimagunda ndi ndege, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa iwo okha komanso ndege.

Kodi akatswiri a orniths amaphunzira bwanji mbalame ndi kusamuka kwawo?

Mbalame zotengera ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe zimawerengera. Asayansi amavala phazi kapena mapiko a mbalame yaying'ono, yopanga payokha zitsulo kapena mphete ya pulasitiki. Amagwiritsanso ntchito maukonde apadera, omwe amadziwika kuti ma network achinsinsi, ngati njira yolanda mbalame zakutchire kuti zifufuze.

Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a ornith amatha kujambula mbalame imodzimodzi kangapo, kuyesa ndi kuyesa, komanso kusunganso zofunikira zina kwanthawi yayitali. Asayansi nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha satellite kuti azitsata njira zosunthira mbalame.