Ntchito "Nkhunda - mbalame ya dziko lapansi"
funsolo "N'chifukwa chiyani nkhunda ankaona mbalame dziko?"
a) kuwerenga momwe moyo wa nkhunda mu nkhunda,
b) kudziwa mbiri yakale yosamalira mbalame,
c) kudziwa zomwe mwakonda mu zakudya nkhunda,
d) kukopa chidwi cha ophunzira nawo kuti kusala nkhunda ndi chinthu choyenera komanso chosangalatsa,
e) mudziwe chifukwa chake nkhunda zimatchedwa mbalame zadziko lapansi.
a) kuonetsetsa ndi kulankhulana ndi nkhunda,
b) kusanthula zakudya
c) Kusankhidwa kwa mabuku, kuwerenga pa intaneti.
Kufunika kwa mutu anasankha:
Kuyambira ubwana, aliyense amadziwa kuti nkhunda ndi mbalame ya padziko lapansi. Koma nthawi zambiri palibe amene amadziwa chifukwa chake?
Ine ndikudabwa kumene anachokera, chifukwa njiwa zoona, si wosiyana kwambiri kwa mbalame zina zonse - mafunso amenewa anakopera maganizo anga ndipo ine anatembenukira kwa World Lonse Web mayankho
Amalume anga amaweta nkhunda. Chifukwa chake, ndidaganiza zophunzira zambiri za mbalame yodabwitsayi, zizolowezi zake, chitukuko, ndikuyankhira funso lokhudzana ndikukonda anthu nkhunda, kuphatikiza amalume anga.
Nkhunda ndi mbalame chodabwitsa kuti angaukitsidwe kukhala kunyumba. Zimabweretsa chisangalalo kwa anthu. Kulumikizana nawo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yobwezeretsanso umunthu wanu.
Ndiyesa kuti kumulakalaka woona kwa nkhunda, kulankhula nawo chimachititsa munthu wokoma mtima, zotsukira mu moyo ndi nobler mu mtima. Alimi a pigeon amatha kuyang'anira kwa maola awo ngati ziweto zawo, akuchita zozizwitsa za aobrobatics, amapita kumtunda, kuterera ndi nthenga zambiri padzuwa. Nthawi yomweyo, moyo umakhala ndi moyo, nkhawa zonse ndi chisoni zimatha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosangalatsa kuti munthu alandira polankhula ndi chikhalidwe.
1. Gawo lalikulu.
Nkhunda. Kodi mtundu wa mbalame?
Nkhunda imakhala yodziwika bwino kwambiri kwakuti nthawi zina sitimazindikira. Amakhala pafupi ndi ife, kuyesera kukhala pafupi ndi munthuyo. Koma ndife okondwa ngati oyandikana nawo?
AMAKONDA, banja la mbalame za pigeon. Pafupifupi mitundu 290 yolumikizidwa mu genera 41. The kholo limodzi la nkhunda zonse zoweta ndi zakutchire buluu njiwa. Nkhunda zimakhala ndi thupi lowonda, mutu wawung'ono, khosi lalifupi, mapiko nthawi zambiri amakhala aatali komanso owongoka, mchira wamtali wautali, wozungulira. Miyendo ndiyifupi, mikono inayi, zala zazitali, ndizovala zazifupi zolimba. Mlomo zazing'ono, molunjika, woonda pa tsinde ndi pang'ono kutupa kwa pamwamba pa. Nthenga za nkhunda ndi wandiweyani ndi wandiweyani, ndi osiyanasiyana, mtundu zambiri yowala. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi, alibe mitundu. Kufalikira mokwanira padziko lapansi. Mu Russia, pali imvi njiwa, kamvuluvulu, nkhunda, etc. ambiri mitundu ndi anthu a m'nkhalango, ena amakhala miyala, ovuta, ndi nyumba anthu. Ma njiwa amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chakudya nthawi zambiri chimasonkhanitsidwa pansi, mogwirizana ndi momwe amayendera. Amauluka mwangwiro: mosavuta, mwamsanga, akhoza kupanga ankasinthana lakuthwa. Izi ndi mbalame za pagulu. Nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'matumba, nthawi zina zokulirapo. Nkhunda kudyetsa makamaka pa mbewu zomera.
Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya nkhunda zapakhomo zimadulidwa ku Russia. Ma njiwa amatchedwa "nzika za dziko lapansi" chifukwa, kupatula kumpoto wakumpoto ndi kumwera, amakhala kumayiko onse, m'ma kontrakitala onse.
Chifanizo cha nkhunda mu nthano.
Zonsezi zimayambira m'mbuyomu. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti nkhunda inalibe chikhodzodzo, motero ndi yoyera komanso yokoma. m'mayiko akulemekezedwa iye ngati mbalame wopatulika chizindikiro cha kubereka.
Aroma akale ngakhale nthawi yathu ino isanakwane nthano yokhudza momwe nkhunda za mulungu wamkazi wachikondi Venus adapanga chisa chawo mu chisoti cha mulungu wa nkhondo Mars, ndipo mulungu wankhondo, kuti asawononge chisa chawo, adakana ntchito ina yamagazi.
M'malemba a Chiyuda ndi Chikhristu, Nowa adaponya nkhunda katatu kuchokera m'cingalawa mwake ncholinga choti abweretse uthenga wonena za kutha kwa chigumula chapadziko lonse. Nthawi yoyamba njiwa anabwerera ndi kanthu, wachiwiri anatenga maolivi nthambi kukamwa kwake, ndi wachitatu sanabwerere konse, kutanthauza kuti "madzi wotsika dziko lapansi."
Kuyambira pamenepo, nkhunda yamayiko ambiri idayamba kupanga uthenga wabwino, dziko lapansi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yathu ino.
Ku China, nkhunda ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wautali, kukhulupirika, dongosolo, kulemekeza akulu, masika ndi kudzipereka. Mu Greece ndi Rome, nkhunda limaimira chikondi ndi kulenganso moyo, kuyambira nkhunda anadyetsedwa mu nthano wa Zeu. Chifukwa chake, choyimira cha Athena chinali nkhunda ndi nthambi ya azitona, monga chizindikiro cha moyo watsopano. Kwa Ayuda, nkhunda zoyera zinakhala chizindikiro cha chiyero, koma komabe adaperekedwa kumeneko. Mu chi Hindu, nkhunda zinthu monga amithenga kwa mulungu wa akufa. Mu chikhalidwe cha Japan, nkhunda yokhala ndi lupanga imatanthawuza kutha kwa nkhondo zonse ndi mikangano.
Kuyambira kale kwambiri, nkhunda yakhala ikuwonetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mtendere ndi chikondi. Mu East, mbalame linali lopatulika ndi ulemu monga mtumiki wa milungu. Komanso m'masiku akale, amakhulupirira kuti mdierekezi amatha kutenga chilichonse, kupatula nkhunda, bulu ndi nkhosa.
Nthano zachikondi ndi kukhulupirika zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbalameyi. Ndipotu, nkhunda moyo ndi bwenzi limodzi ndi kusankha iye moyo. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi chikondi komanso kudekha, kukhulupirika komanso nsanje.
1.3. Good Mtumiki mbalame dziko.
Njiwa yamtendere ndi mawu omwe adatchuka atatha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi pokhudzana ndi zochitika za World Congress of Peace Supporters.
Nkhunda paliponse imawonedwa ngati mbalame, yobala zabwino. Nkhunda inali yololedwa ananena mbalame mtendere mu 1949, pambuyo pa nkhondo pa World Congress wa Mtendere, chifukwa nkhunda ntchito ngati postman onyamula makalata pa yoteroyo ake panthawi ya nkhondo. Kuyambira pamenepo, nkhunda idalandira dzina la "mbalame ya dziko lapansi."
Chizindikiro cha msonkhano uno chinapakidwa ndi Pablo Picasso. Pa chizindikiro ndi nkhunda yoyera kubala azitona nthambi kukamwa kwake.
Pali mwambo wakamasula nkhunda zoyera ngati chizindikiro cha mtendere.
Kupita kukachititsa nkhondo kapena maulendo, anthu amatenga nkhunda zophunzitsidwa. Pamene kunali koyenera kuti atumize uthenga kunyumba, cholembedwa linamangidwa ndi khosi ndi njiwa kapena mphamvu ndi mbalame amasulidwe. Nkhunda imawulukira kumayiko awo, ndipo imakalandira uthengawo imangoyang'ana makalata, kuyang'ana pa njiwa. Makalata a pigeon mwina anachokera kale, ku Egypt ndi Mesopotamia.
Mu Russia, woyamba zonse makalata ndi njiwa utumiki unapangidwa bungwe ndi Prince Golitsyn mu 1854. Ndipo New Zealand imawerengedwa kuti ndiwo malo achitetezo cha nkhunda wamba.
Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse m'magulu ankhondo a Soviet, nkhunda - atumala adatulutsa nkhunda 15,000!
Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, nkhunda ochepa anakhalabe mu dziko lathu.
Masiku ano, ntchito ya nkhunda yataya tanthauzo lake lakale. Koma alipo. Mwachitsanzo, mu mzinda wa Plymouth English, chonyamulira nkhunda kutumikira mankhwala. Momwe mungatumizire mwachangu anthu magazi kuchokera kuchipatala kupita ku labotale yapakati, komanso ngakhale pa ola limodzi, pomwe simungathe kuyendetsa mumsewu chifukwa chodzaza ndi magalimoto pamsewu? Pakangotha mphindi, nkhunda imatulutsa magazi kuchokera kuchipatala kupita ku labotale. Chotero liwiro milandu mwadzidzidzi amapulumutsa anthu moyo.
1.4. Mitundu ya nkhunda.
Pa kale kuswana, munthu anakwanitsa kawetedwe ambiri mitundu ya nkhunda. Agawika m'magulu anayi: masewera (positi), kuuluka, kukongoletsa, nyama. Palibe kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pawo.
Nkhunda kukongoletsa
Mbalame izi kuchokera ku mitundu ina yonse zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ma crests, kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a nthenga, kupezeka kwa zophuka, ndi zina zambiri. Mitundu yotereyi imapangidwira kukongola kokha.
2. kuswana nkhunda
Ndimafunsa kuti, nkhunda zoweta zimakhala bwanji? Ndi mikhalidwe iti yomwe imafunikira kuti azisamalira? Kuyambira amalume anga, Ndinaphunzira zofunikira kumangira dovecote lapansi.
Iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kuti nkhunda zizikhala zazifupi mmalo mwake, kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyenera kulowa mkati mwa mazenera, koma sipayenera kukhala kusungidwa nkhunda. Ma njiwa nthawi zonse amafunikira mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi chachipindacho. dovecote akhoza anakonza mu chapamwamba, mu khola kapena zipinda zapadera. Chipinda chapamwamba ndi malo abwino koposa. Nthawi zonse kumakhala kowuma, kumakhala mpweya wabwino. Kuchokera dovecote ili mu chapamwamba, mbalame yomweyo kugwa padenga, kumene wabwino view chikuyamba. Kuchokera pa dovecote, nkhunda sizichokera pansi, koma kuchokera kumtunda winawake.
Dovecote iyenera kukhala yoyera. Ndi osafunika kukonza mu dzuwa amphamvu, chipinda ayenera kukhala ofunda kwambiri m'chilimwe.
Kutentha mkati mwa dovecote kuyenera kukhala: nthawi yozizira - osati wotsika kuposa 5 - 7 madigiri, ndipo nthawi yotentha - osati kuposa 20 digiri. Magetsi amayenera kuperekedwa kwa dovecote. Izi ndi zofunika kuti kulamulira Kutalika kwa maola masana, komanso chikhalidwe cha nkhunda nthawi iliyonse.
Dovecote ya amalume ndiyopepuka, pali malo okwanira nkhunda iliyonse. Dovecote imakhala ndi malo komanso malo osungirako malo osungirako chisa.
M'nyengo yozizira, amalume zikukhazikitsa nkhunda ndi nkhunda zipinda zosiyana, chifukwa iye amakhulupirira kuti anapiye yozizira ndi ofooka, odwala. Koma nthawi yotentha, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi timiyendo tinai timiyendo tiwiri. Nkhunda zimakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Zinyalala ntchito m'munda manyowa panthaka. Ana a njiwa amakonda kusambira ndipo amakonda kwambiri kuwotchera dzuwa.
Ndikalowa njiwa, mbalame zimandipatsa moni, zimawuluka kuchokera malo kupita kumalo, zikuuluka mapiko awo mokweza. Amalume ali pafupi nkhunda 100. Nkhunda zambiri zimakonda kuthamanga. Mtundu wawo ndiwosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kuchokera woyera kuti wakuda.
Ana a mbalame amabadwa amaliseche. Nkhuku zimapatsidwa “mkaka wa njiwa” - chakudya chofunikira kupukusa chomwe mbalame zazikulu zimang'amba. Kudya, ndi mwana wankhuku akutsamira pa mulomo ndi ngodya ya mphuno bambo anga kapena mayi ndi malawi kuchokera mkaka, amene Zikungokhala ngati kirimu wowawasa.
Ndidalumikizana ndi amalume anga, adathandizira kuchititsa maphunziro.
Ndinaphunzira kuti mbalameyi imakonda kudya ndipo imadyanso mbewu iliyonse yomwe imapatsa. Thirani chakudya kawiri patsiku. Timakonzanso madzi masiku onse awiri.
Gulu ndi zoyeserera.
cholinga: dziwa zomwe nkhunda zimakonda.
Zida : Zosiyanasiyana chakudya: Mbewuzo mpendadzuwa, tirigu, balere, mawere, nandolo, chimanga, apulo magawo, dzungu mbewu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi : tchuthi chakumapeto.
Pa sabata, pa nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zinali kuperekedwa zosiyanasiyana wakudya kuti anapatsidwa nthawi yomweyo (milu osiyana). Ndalemba zomwe amadya mbalame yoyamba.
Chowotcha chowotcha - kutentha ndi nyumba
Mosiyana ndi nthano "chifatso", nkhunda ndi mnzake invariable wa asilikali. Kalekale mpaka zaka zana zapitazi, eni nkhunda ankalembetsedwa mokomera nkhondo m'maiko ambiri ku Europe. Tsopano kufunikira kwa njira yolankhulirana kwatha.
The ntchito nkhondowo wa nkhunda anali anafotokozedwa ndi mbiri Nestor (kupatula, ndithudi, izi ndi Kuwonjezera patapita "nthano ya makedzana Zaka"). Malinga ndi nthano, Princess Olga ndi thandizo lawo adayatsa nyumba za Drevlyans, pogwiritsa ntchito kubwera - chikhumbo cha mbalame zomwe zidatengedwa kuti zibwerere kwawo komwe amakhala. Mu 946, Olga adazinga Iskorosten, koma, polephera kuzikoka, adalonjeza kuti adzachotsa mzindawo ngati atapereka ndalama kwa nkhunda ndi mpheta. A tinder anayatsa linamangidwa kwa yoteroyo mbalame, kenako anamasulidwa, ndipo mbalame anaulukira nyumba ...
Ngakhale sipanakhalepo milandu yodalirika ya nkhunda mwanjira imeneyi, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amati izi zitha kuchitika.
Kale mu 1942-43, mileme adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba zoterezi. The ntchito, limene ndalama zolipirira ndi Pentagon ndi Kutengera wa Eleanor Roosevelt, motero ophunzitsidwa kuwononga mizinda Japanese. Koma, mosiyana ndi wolemba mbiri, asitikali sanadziwe za kubwerako. Kuyesera kunatha ndi mileme kubwerera ku maziko awo ndikuwotcha pansi.
ntchito ya ntchito arsonist mileme anayamba kupanga pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo, ndipo chinatsekedwa kokha pamene zinadziwika kuti izo sizikanakhala zotheka kumalizira mpaka 1945. Wophulitsayo wopanda mzimu anali wodalirika kwambiri, ndipo amatha kubweretsa zina zambiri.
Mwa njira, Picasso, ngakhale kuti adatulutsa nkhunda zonse "motsatira chipani," iyemwini adachita chipongwe.
"Nkhunda ndi brawlers ndi adyera, ndipo si bwino chifukwa chake iwo anapangidwa ndi chizindikiro cha mtendere. Ingowalekeni. ”
Wojambulayo adadziwa zomwe anali kunena: nkhunda zimasungidwa pabanja lake mibadwo yambiri.
Siyense amene anali ndi chidwi chachikulu chilengedwe chake. Malinga ndi Ilya Ehrenburg, mu 1949 Cold War inali itatha kale kuchoka pazopezeka munkhani zamanyuzipepala kupita ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ladzulo la kutsegulira kwa Congress, Erenburg idawona nyuzipepala yomwe iye amatchedwa chigawenga, Stefan Zweig - munthu amene amadzinenera kuti ndi wolemba, koma ambiri onse adapeza a Picasso. Malinga ndi buku, ichi "Clown wachikale" zopangidwa "A Marxist nkhunda amene chinaphimba makoma onse a kukongola kwathu koma, kalanga, chitetezo Paris".
Komabe, apa zikunena za ndale, m'malo mwakusankha kwachilengedwe. Ingoganizirani wolemba "moose wa dziko lapansi" - wotsutsa, kenako ndikapeza china chodandaula. Kalanga, nkhunda, kuwonjezera pa chizolowezi kusamalira zipilala, ndi katswiri ndi afiira zosasangalatsa. Mwanjira, musabwereze cholakwika cha Picasso ndipo ngati mukufuna chizindikiro cha pathos, lingaliraninso.
Omenyera athu ang'ono
Ndipotu, amafufuza chizindikiro odana ndi nkhondo pakati pa nyama ndi osayamika ntchito yake. Anthu adayesetsa kukweza mayina awo>> => anzawo pakusangalala kwawo pankhondo. Makoswe akufuna ma minerals. Hawks ndi chiwombankhanga kuwombera pansi drones. Mbuzi zosinthidwa mwabadwa zimatulutsa mkaka wokhala ndi kangaude wa kangaude (m'mawu ena, ma capubs), komwe zida zimapangidwira. Pafupifupi chilichonse chakhala chikugwira ntchito yopanga nkhondoyi, kuyambira mabakiteriya, ma virus ndi omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito.
Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa, ndi noticeable kuti makamaka nyama anzeru nkhondo. Chilichonse chomwe chimachita chidwi ndi chilombocho, ndikulimba kwambiri ndizofunikira zomwe sizimathandizira kuti pakhale nkhondo.
Pankhondo, nyamayo iyenera kukhala yomvera ndikuyendetsa. Popanda nzeru, izi sizingatheke. Kuphatikiza apo, mumafunikira maphunziro abwino kuti mukhale ndi kukana zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuthawa - moto, kufuula, kupha. Ndikokwanira kuyang'ana yemwe kwa zaka zambiri akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: kumenyera 'mahatchi,> ngamila, "galu" malo omenyera anali agalu ake. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Dina Volkats anapulumutsa anthu ambiri mothandizidwa ndi agalu ake.
'isihloko => agalu omwe amatha kukokolola ovulala, kusaka anthu othawa kwawo ngakhale kukonzekera kuwononga. Mbiri ya zolengedwa zanzeru kwambiri => njovu, koma zimatha kusintha momwe zimasinthira. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ichi kuchokera kunkhondo koposa zabwino.
Malinga ndi a Claudius Julian, Aroma adagwiritsa ntchito nkhumba motsutsana ndi njovu za gulu lankhondo la Pyrrhus, chifukwa amaopa kuti nkhumba imeza.
Nkhumba ndizochenjera kuposa njovu, ndipo tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zomwe zaphulika. Mu nzeru, mofanana ndi mesonichids - makolo a dolphin, pamene iwo anali lapansi. Asitikali amayesanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinyama zam'madzi - ma dolphin ndi zomatira zam'madzi zophunzitsidwa kuphunzitsidwa kukhazikitsa ndikuchotsa migodi, kuyang'anira malo amadzi, izi, sizinachite kanthu.
"Samaganizika Sam": panali mphaka? data-SRC = / dongosolo / zithunzi / 000/064/830 / teaser / 6cbd9a3241a0b02b0fcd28672b400ce6007ca4f6.jpg? 1579247990 data-kutsogolera = 'Oyendetsa kuti akhaafuna nyama. Pama sitima, limodzi ndi anthu pamafunde, agalu, amphaka ndi nyama zina atasinthidwa, okondedwa ndi mitima ya mimbulu yolusa yam'nyanja. Chifukwa chamatsenga amoyo, nthawi zina anali kuda nkhawa kwambiri kuposa za anthu. Koma ndi nkhani zonse zinayi miyendo pa bolodi zoona?
'isihloko => Kotov - inde, pafupifupi adapandukira oyera! - komanso nthawi ndi nthawi ankayesetsa kumenya nkhondo. Iwo amanena kuti CIA ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo, Ofesi ya Strategic Services, ngakhale anayesa kuwasandutsa kamikazes. Amayenera kuponya nyama pama parachutes limodzi ndi bomba kuti awononge zombo zaku Japan. Nenani, mphaka, chifukwa ikuopa madzi, idzanyamula zitsetsezo ndi matako ake m'njira yoti ikaphulitse bomba pa sitimayo, osati m'madzi. Koma amphaka pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anakomoka Atamutulutsira.
... Komabe, pali nyama yomwe ndi yanzeru kuposa zonse pamwambapa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sizikudziwika kuti wina angayesere kuzigwiritsa ntchito pankhondo. Kulankhula, zoona, za zaphokoso.Kumbali ya kuthetsa ntchito malangizo, lalikulu Chingolopiyo mitundu ndi anzeru kuposa nkhumba ndi nzeru ofanana ndi anyani kuchepetsa. Koma ndi zowala, zamkokomo, zikuuluka chapafupi. Komanso, Zinkhwe mbalame za mbalame: munthu anamasulidwa pa utumiki, m'malo kumaliza utumiki, zikuoneka kuti agwirizane yekha ndi bata pansi ake pa izi. Ndipo kuyambira pa nkhosa "kufufuza" mzake nthawi zonse (otchedwa alloprining), ndi zolemba kapena zipangizo Ufumuyo kwa Chingolopiyo posachedwapa alibe ndipo adatafuna. Ndipo koposa zonse, mbalame zotchedwa paroti zimakhala kutali ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a usirikali, kuti palibe amene angaganize kuti awalima.
Ngati mukufuna chizindikiro chapadera cha pacifism - izi ndi izo.