Tizilombo ta banja ili, monga mavu wamba, alibe tanthauzo la sayansi.

Oimira banja la okwera ma wasp amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi malo okhala. Kukhalapo kwawo kwa mbola ndi njira yodziwitsira yothandizira kumalumikizidwa - kuyikira mazira pamiphutsi ya tizilombo tina.

Kunena pang'ono, awa akupangira hymenoptera ndi ovipositor wautali, wosagwirizana ndi njuchi.

Mawonekedwe

Kukula kwa akuluakulu kumayambira 3 mamilimita mpaka 3 kapena kuposa masentimita. Mtundu umatengera mtundu wake. Thupi limakonda kuwonda ndi pamimba. Akazi amakhala ndi ovipositor wautali womwe mwina ungatengeke m'mimba. Ali ndi tiziwalo ta poizoni ndi mbola posatira zitsanzo za mavu. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi mapiko. Zina zazikazi zimasowa mapiko ndipo zimakumbukiranso mitundu ina ya nyerere.

Fikani pakuika mazira pamatupi amphutsi za tizilombo tina. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chimatengera mtundu wake.

Ma buluzi ambiri omwe amapanga mazira amakonda kuyikira mazira pa mbozi.

Wovutitsidwayo amatha nthawi imodzi kukhala ndi anthu awiri opanga mphutsi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timamwalira kutopa tangotuluka kumene. Kufikira pano, tiziromboti timasunga thupi lake mthupi.

Amamera makamaka pa mphutsi za njuchi, mavu, ntchentche, ming'oma ya paini ndi kafadala wina, komanso mbozi.

Mavu akulu okhaokha amakhala okha. Amamanga zisa m'nthaka kapena amagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira zachilengedwe - zomera, zomera pamakungwa a mtengo, komanso malo osagwirizana.

Mutillides

Mutillidae amapezeka makamaka kumadera otera. Padziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu yoposa 4,000 ya mutillides.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita atatu. Pali zodziwika bwino zogonana: amuna ndi okulirapo, akazi ndi ochepa. Mtundu wa amuna ndi wakuda kapena woderapo. Zachikazi zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lopanda mapiko - nthawi zambiri limatchedwa nyerere za velvet. Mimba ndichachikulu, chopukutira, thupi la mtundu wofiyira wowala kapena mtundu wa lalanje wokhala ndi mawanga akuda.

Mtunduwu suumanga zisa. Kutenga zisa za anthu ena, zazikazi zimayikira mazira pa mphutsi za makamu. Mumakonda mavu, njuchi ndi ntchentche. Ngati ndi kotheka, tiziromboti titha kudzilimira tokha. Ndi mbola yayitali, njuchi imatha kulimbana ndi njuchi ndi mavu kuteteza chisa chake.

Pompilides

Pompilidae amakhala padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri ofufuza za sayansi afotokoza mitundu 4900 ya ma pompilides. Ambiri aiwo amakhala m'malo otentha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavu awa imapezekanso ku Central Asia ndi Caucasus.

Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 4. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wakuda kapena bulauni. Thupi limakhala lochepera ndi pamimba yopapatiza. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timakokedwa kulowa m'mimba. Mapiko ake ndi opangidwa bwino, yadetsedwa - khalani ndi bulauni.

Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wokhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 5.5 amakhala ku Thailand. Izi ndiosiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamtambo wakuda buluu, pamimba chonyezimira ndi mapiko a lalanje ochititsa chidwi - kutalika kwake mpaka mainchesi 10.

Nest zida pansi, ndikugwetsa zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono pafupi ndi misewu. Chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri - mavu amumsewu. Amagwira akangaude akulu, ndikuwawonjezera poyizoni, ndikuyika mazira angapo pa thupi la mwini mtsogolo.

Crabronides

Crabronidae amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mokwanira pali mitundu yopitilira 8,000. Ku Europe 600 a iwo amakhala. Ma carbonide akulu kwambiri amapezeka m'malo otentha.

Makulidwe a akulu ndi ochepa, mpaka masentimita awiri. Mtundu ndi maonekedwe, tizilombo timafanana ndi mavu. Thupi limakhala lakuda ndi mikwaso yachikasu pamimba yopapatiza. Tinyanga takhala tatifupi. Mapiko ake adakhazikika bwino, amdima. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timakokedwa kulowa m'mimba.

Oyimira mabungwe adasamalira makondedwe azakudya. Ena amakonda kusaka nsabwe za m'masamba, ena kupangira njuchi, ndipo ena kwa mapiko ena ndi zina zotero.

Mmbulu wa njuchi umayambitsa mavuto ku ulimi wa njuchi.

Tizilombo toyamwa maudzu timasamutsira ku chisa chomwe tija tating'onoting'ono timadyera. Zingwe zimakonzedwa mumchenga, ndikugwetsa mabowo pamenepo. Dzina lachiwiri ndi mavu amchenga.

Kufotokozera kwa tizilombo

Wokwera ndi infraorder wazilombo zokhudzana ndi hymenoptera. Pazonse, akuphatikiza mitundu 100,000, omwe oimira, kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha lingaliro la chisinthiko, ali ndi kholo limodzi. Onse okwera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono: kutalika kwa matupi a anthu achikulire nthawi zambiri kumayambira 3mm mpaka 3 cm. Akulu kwambiri mwaiwo amakhala kumayiko otentha. Okwera amakhala odziwika ngati majeremusi, ndipo amakonda ma arthropod ena ngati cholengedwa. Kuluma kwa nkhonya kumaopseza munthu ngati ndiwopseza naye.

Mtundu ndi kukula kwa mitunduyo ndizosiyana. Ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi m'mimba, komanso owonda, komanso mapiko owoneka bwino omwe amafanana ndi mapiko a chinjoka chaching'ono. Koma mwa akazi amitundu ina palibe, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati nyerere.

Okwera ndi mavu omwe amadziwa bwino onse ali ndi kusiyana kofunika: akale alibe mbola. M'malo mwake, tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito ovipositor, chamoyo choberekera. Ndi chithandizo chake, zazikazi zimayambitsa ozunzidwa mthupi (nthawi zambiri tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - mbozi agulugufe, akangaude), mazira awo kapena mphutsi. Koma, monga mavu wamba, okwera amakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa poizoni. M'mabuku akunja, tizilombo timeneti amatchedwa "ma parasitic wasps" (Parasitic Wasp), omwe amatsindika kufanana.

Dzinalo la infra-detachment "Wokwera" omwe adalandira chifukwa chazachilendo pokonza maphokoso: oyimira ake amakhala pamwamba pa wozunzidwa, ngati wokwera pahatchi.

Dzira litagona mu mbozi

Mahatchi omwe amakwera ma parasitic njira amagawika m'magulu atatu:

• ma ectoparasites, omata mazira awo pamwamba pa thupi la tizilombo tina, akugwiritsa ntchito poizoni poizoni,
• endoparasites, omwe amakonda kuyika zigoba mkati mwa thupi la womenyedwayo, pambuyo pake mphutsi zimapezeka zokhala ndi ziwalo zake zamkati,
• superparasites - "majeremusi a majeremusi", amalowetsa tizilombo tokhala ndi moyo wofananawo.

Mitundu ya ma ma Hornet nthawi zambiri imasiyana kwambiri.

Zidule

Sphecidae ndi ochulukirapo. Pali mitundu 800, yomwe yambiri imakonda kukhazikika kumadera otentha akum'mwera.

Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu mwa ena mwa anthuwa kumafika masentimita 6. Mtundu wa khungu. Mimba ndi yayitali, yonyezimira. Mapiko omwe adapangidwa bwino ndikuwonetsa mdima pamaso.

Zingwe zimakonzedwa munthaka yamchenga. Mitundu ina imamanga zisa zokumba. Amawonedwa nthawi zambiri pamakoma a nyumba.

Amasaka tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, amakonda kangaude ndi dzombe. Pambuyo pofewetsa wovulala, nyamayo imatenga nyamayo kupita nayo ku chisa, komwe imayikira mazira angapo pamenepo.

Mitundu wamba

Monga tanenera kale, pali mitundu yambiri ya okwera mavu. M'madera otentha, mabanja otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

1. Mimarommatids, okhalanso ndi moyo m'malo okhala madera ochepa komanso kuphulika mazira.
2. Nutcrackers, omwe onse ndi majeremusi ndi phytophages (amadya zakudya zamasamba).
3. Ma Proctotrupoid okwera okhala ndi ma microscopic miyeso (kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 5 mm). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pakuwongolera tizilombo.
4. Chalcides, mwa omwe alipo mitundu 200 ku Europe. Tizilombo tothandiza omwe timapha ma arthropod ena, ndipo ena mwa mitundu yawo amathandizira popukutira mbewu.
5. Ma Evanoidoid okwera, pamimba pake omwe amakweza mchifuwa pachifuwa. Ozunzidwa awo ndi mavu, maphemwe, mansalu.

Scoli

Scoliidae ndi tizilombo tambiri tosiyanasiyana. Kugawidwa kumalo otentha. Zochulukirapo zimapezeka m'maiko omwe kale anali CIS m'malo opezekapo ndi nkhalango.

Kukula kwa tizilombo akuluakulu kumachokera 2 mpaka 10 cm. Mapiko oyimira otsogolera wamkulu amafika masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. Mtundu wakuda. Pamimba pali mawanga ndi mikwaso yachikaso kapena yoyera. Zocheperako ndizilombo zomwe zimakhala ndi malo ofiira kapena lalanje. Mapikowo adakhazikika bwino, amdima, okhala ndi tint yofiirira. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timakokedwa kulowa m'mimba.

Zachikazi zakhala zikuwuluka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, imayikira mazira pa mphutsi za Meyi chikumbu ndi weevil, komanso kachilomboka. Pofufuza zakudya za ana, zimalowa pansi. Atapeza mphutsi, amaikira dzira limodzi. Skoliya mphutsi kubisala mu gulu lachiwonetsero. Ophunzira mu April, ndikutentha.

Moyo wa wokwera mavu

Mitundu yamahatchi okwera pamahatchi imakhazikika ponseponse padziko lapansi, kupatula zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Tizilombo tambiri timatha kupezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, chifukwa timakonda chinyezi chambiri. Mmenemo amabisala m'nkhalangozi za maluwa.

Akuluakulu amakhala otakataka usiku, akayamba kufunafuna mazira kapena mphutsi zamtsogolo. Okwera amakhala ndi chizolowezi chapamwamba kwambiri: ngakhale kuwuluka kudutsa pamtengo, pansi pa khungubwi komwe kumakhala mphutsi za kafadala, amamva kuti akukhudzidwa.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ngati mphutsi za wasp-wokwerazo zimatenga mwachangu ziwopsezo zomwe zimakhala nazo, ndiye kuti anthu akuluakulu siotsutsana nthawi zonse. Mitundu ina yomwe ili mgululi safuna chakudya konse. Ena, monga Megarhyssa perlata, amadya maluwa. Ndipo oimira banja la Braconid, ngakhale amakonda agulugufe ndi zozimitsira moto, amavulaza katundu waumunthu: njere, njuchi, ndi zakudya zotsekemera.

Kuswana

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobereketsa mavu ndi nthawi yotentha komanso yotentha. Mu nyengo iyi, anthu amawonjezeka kangapo.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amayikira mazira mthupi la arthropods, tizilombo tambiri timene timakhala. Kukula ndi kukula kwa mabowo ndi amodzi pamtundu uliwonse. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 20 mphutsi kuwaswa kuchokera mazira parasitize m'thupi la wovulalayo. Amadyetsa minyewa, yomwe pang'onopang'ono imayambitsa kufa kwaonyamula panthawi yakukhathamira. Mphutsi zimangodya “mosungira” pang'ono chabe: wozunzidwayo samamwalira msanga, chifukwa okwera mtsogolo adzafa nawo.

Ngozi

Kukwera mavu ndizowopsa makamaka kwa arthropods ena, chifukwa parasitization imabweretsa kufa kwawo. Izi ndi zabwino za tizilombo: nthawi zambiri tizirombo tina timakhala tikuvutikira, tikuwononga m'matangadza a anthu, ziweto, malo olima. Okwera, nthawi zambiri "superparasites," amaletsa kuchuluka kwawo.

Koma kodi wokwerapo ndi wowopsa kwa anthu? Kuopa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikutanthauza. Thupi lawo, monga la mavu, limatulutsa poyizoni, kuti kuluma sikudutsa popanda kufufuza. Koma okwera samazunza anthu samangopanga pansi pa khungu la munthu: amangoukira chifukwa chodziteteza.

Poizoni ndiowopsa makamaka kwa iwo omwe amatsutsana ndi zinthu zomwe amapanga. Pankhaniyi, kuluma kumatha kupangitsa kukhala wowopsa - anaphylactic shock. Ngakhale pakalibe hypersensitivity kwa poyizoni okwera, zilonda ndi kutupa zimawonekera pakhungu, lomwe limakhala kwa pafupifupi masiku atatu.

Kupewera kuti musawonongedwe ndi okwera mavu - kusamala. Ngati kachilombo kakuwoneka pafupi, simuyenera kuyesetsa kuti muchidziwe bwino kapena, m'malo mwake, chithamangitsani ndi manja anu. Mukapita ku nkhalango ndi madera pafupi ndi dziwe, ndibwino kuvala zovala zoyenera zomwe zimaphimba thupi lonse.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati wokwera maula waluma? Dongosolo lochita izi ndilothandiza aliyense kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

• pukuta microscopic ndi antiseptic,
• Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othana ndi kutupa, ma analgesic ndi anti-allergen.
• ngati vutoli likuvuta, ndiye kuti antihistamines ayenera kutengedwa pakamwa.

Koma nthawi zambiri msonkhano ndi wokwera maula umachitika popanda zotsatira zosasangalatsa.

Okwera amakhala okonda tizilombo pothandizana ndi anthu, osasankha anthu ngati chinthu chofunikira parasitasi. Ubwino wawo ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo tina. Ngozi yokhayo ndikuluma kwawoku, komwe kumabweretsa zosasangalatsa.

Khalidwe lodana ndi mavu omwe amakhala

Kubalana kumachitikanso pochotsa mazira pamizimba ya tizilombo tina. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chimatengera mtundu wa nyanga. M'modzi mwa ogwidwa, mphutsi pafupifupi 20 zimatha kukhala nthawi imodzi. Wogulitsayo, yemwe minyewa yake imakula, amafa chifukwa cha kutopa asanalowe. Nthawi yonseyi, mphutsi za okwera mavu zimasunga thupi la wozunzidwayo pamalo oyenera.

Kukwera mavu kumakhala ndi moyo wa parasitiki.

Mavu amodzi amafanana nthawi zambiri ndi mphutsi za ntchentche, njuchi, mavu, kafadala ndi mbozi zazikulu. Ochotsa mavu akuluakulu amakhala okha. Amamanga zisa pansi panthaka kapena amapanga nyumba m'makungwa a mitengo ndi zomangira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya okwera mavu

• Mutillides

Osewera osiyanasiyana maapulogalamu amenewa amapezeka makamaka mu zigawo za steppe. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 4,000 ya mutillides.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mutillide wamkulu ndi masentimita atatu. Pali zosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi: amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kapena wakuda thupi, ndipo utoto wachikazi umakhala walalanje kapena wofiyira owala ndi mawanga akuda, pomwe thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali. Akazi alibe mapiko, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "velvet nyerere."

Wokwera maula.

Ma mutillid samamanga zisa. Akazi amakwera zisa za njuchi, mavu kapena ntchentche, ndi kuyikira mazira m'mazipenga a makamu. Ngati majeremusi ali pachiwopsezo, amatha kudzilimira yekha mothandizidwa ndi kuluma kwanthawi yayitali, kulimbana ndi omwe amateteza zisa zawo.

Mtundu wa owombera mavu umakhala padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 4900 ya ma pompilides. Nthawi zambiri tizilombo timeneti timakhala m'malo otentha. Kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka ku Transcaucasia ndi Central Asia.

Kukula kwa pompilida wamkulu kumafika masentimita anayi. Thupi ndi lofiirira kapena lakuda. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kochepa thupi, pamimba ndi yayitali komanso yopapatiza. Akazi, ovipositor amakokedwa pamimba. Mapiko a bulauni amapangidwa bwino.

Ku Thailand, pali mtundu waukulu wa pompilid wokhala ndi masentimita 5.5. Mtundu wa okwera maula aku Thai ndi wakuda buluu, pomwe pamimba pang'onopang'ono. Mapiko a lalanje ndi akulu kwambiri, kukula kwawo kumafika masentimita 10.

Mahatchi okwera amatchedwa okwera Ichmonmonoid.

Ma pompo amapanga zisa m'nthaka, pomwe amakumba timiyendo tating'ono pafupi ndi misewu, chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri linachokera - mavu amumsewu. Ziphuphu zimagwira pa akangaude akulu, ndikuwawiritsa poizoni ndikuyika mazira angapo matupi awo.

Osewera osiyanasiyana mavu awa ndiofala padziko lonse lapansi. Zopitilira zopitilira 8,000 zomwe zimasungidwa, pomwe mitundu pafupifupi 600 imakhala ku Europe. Anthu akuluakulu kwambiri amakhala m'malo otentha. Kukula kwa thupi la crabronides ndizochepa - kutalika kumafika masentimita awiri.

M'mawonekedwe ndi mtundu, ma crabronides ali ofanana ndi ma mavu ochepa - pamimba ndi yopapatiza, ndipo thupi ndi lakuda ndi mikwaso yachikasu. Tinyanga ta mutu tatifupi. Mapiko akuda ndi opangidwa bwino. Akazi amatulutsa ovipositor pamimba.

Ena amakola njuchi, ena kumapiko hafu, ndipo ena kumapera ndi zina. Akazi amalocha tizilombo, ndikuwasamutsira ku chisa komwe mphutsi zimadyamo. Ma crabronid amapanga zisa mumchenga, motero amatchedwanso mavu amchenga.

• Zidule

Zosangalatsa ndizabwinobwino. Pafupifupi mitundu 800 ya zisa zomwe zimadziwika, zomwe zambiri zimakhala kum'mwera komwe kumatentha. Oimira ena amtunduwu amatha kutalika masentimita 6. Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Mimba ndi yonyezimira, yotalikirapo. Mapikowo amapangidwa mwaluso, mbali yawo yakutsogolo ikuwonekera bwino.

Zithunzi zimamanga zisa m'dothi lamchenga, ndipo anthu ena m'banjamo amamanga zisa za stucco. Mwachitsanzo, zisa zotere nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamakoma a nyumba. Ogwiritsa ntchito maula amenewa amalimbana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, amakonda dzombe ndi kangaude. Cephida amathandizira wovutayo ndi kupita naye ku chisa, ndipo kumeneko amaikira mazira angapo pamenepo.

Onyamula maula awa ndi akulu, kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumasiyana kuyambira masentimita awiri mpaka 10. M'mitundu yayikulu, kukula kwa thupi kumatha kufika masentimita 6. Skolii ndiwofala m'malo otentha, koma amapezekanso m'malo opezeka nkhalango omwe kale anali CIS.

Chippies chakuda. M'mimba mumakhala mikwingwirima kapena mawanga amtundu woyera kapena wachikaso, nthawi zambiri mawanga amatha kukhala lalanje kapena ofiira. Mapikowo amapangidwa mwaluso, ali ndi tint yofiirira.

Zazikazi zouluka zimawonedwa koyambirira kwa ine. Zachikazi zimakwatirana ndi kuyikira mazira pa mphutsi za weevils, May kafadala kapena kachilomboka. Yaikazi imalowera munthaka, ndikuyang'ana womzunza pamenepo ndikuigoneka. Mphutsi kubisala mkati mwa gulu lachiwonetsero, ndi kuvunda kumapeto.

Banja ili ndi laling'ono. M'mayiko a CIS, muli mitundu 30, ndipo ku Europe - mitundu 20. Typhus ndiocheperako kukula - anthu, monga lamulo, osapitilira 1 centimeter kutalika.

Tizilombo timeneti ndiofala kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Mimba ndi yayitali, thupi limakhala lakuda ndi kuwala. Miyendoyo ndi ya bulauni ndipo mapiko ake ndi a bulauni. Pamimba ya mitundu ina pali mikwingwirima yachikasu.

Typhus amayikira mazira pamimba ndi kachilomboka, kachiromboka asanazizenze kwa nthawi yochepa. Wonyamula kachilomboka akupitilizabe kukula ndi kudyetsa. Typhus imagulitsa tizirombo ta mbewu zambewu, mwachitsanzo, mphero za chimanga. Koma mphutsi zawo zimadyanso kachilomboka ndowe ndi njoka za Meyi.

Mtunduwu umagawidwa ku Europe yonse. Metoh ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kufika masentimita 13. Amuna ali ndi khungu lakuda, mapiko ndi a bulauni. Akazi alibe mapiko. Msana, miyendo ndi chifuwa cha akazi ndi zofiira. Ovipositor ndi akunja. M'mawonekedwe, zazikazi ndizofanana ndi nyerere zazikulu.

Kuyendetsa maulendo owuluka.

Metohi amakhala kumadera omwe kumatentha. Akazi amayikira mazira pachikumbu cha akavalo. Asanakhazikitse mazira, yaikaziyo imathandizira wovutikayo, kenako ndikuponyera kachilomboka mu dzenje ndikuyika ndi miyala yaying'ono.

Mtundu wa wokwera pamahatchiyu amakhala kwambiri m'malo otentha, ndipo mitundu pafupifupi 100 imakhala ku Europe. Pazonse, mitundu ya 1800 ya ma betilides ndiyopatula.

Kukula kwamthupi kumachokera ku millimetita 1-10. Thupi limakhala lopapatiza komanso lonyowa, lakuda. Ma Betilides alibe mapiko ndipo amafanana ndi nyerere. Ochotsa maudwayi amathandiza anthu kulimbana ndi tizirombo - pepala la thonje ndi pepala la mphesa.

Mwana wamkazi wa betilida amakhala wocheperako kangapo pozunzidwa, pomwe amamulimbana ndi kulimba mtima ndikuwuma, chifukwa chomenyedwayo sangathe kuwongolera mbola yake. Kwa masiku angapo, mkaziyo amaluma wozunzidwayo m'magulu osiyanasiyana a minofu, akum'patsa mphamvu. Asanakhazikitse mazira m'thupi la munthu wovutikayo, mkaziyo amadya tsitsi lake kwa masiku angapo, izi zimathandizira kuti mazira agwire bwino ntchito. Zotsatira zake, betilide amaikira mazira pafupifupi 150.

Kudera nkhawa ana kumadziwika ndi ma betilides; wamkazi wakhala akusamalira mphutsi kwakanthawi, akumanyambita.

• Emerald Cockroach Wasp

Mtundu uwu wa wokwera mavu ndimavuto oyipa kwambiri chifukwa cha maphemwe otentha, chifukwa ma emar emarodi amasanduliza tambala kukhala "zombie." Pambuyo povunda, phokosolo limasilira ndikutsatira wakupha wake, nduluyo imatenga ndulu ya masharubu ndikupita nayo kokakonzeka. M'dzenjemo, mavu amaikira mazira m'thupi lofewa la tambala. Mphutsi zokhala ndi mbewa zimadya thukuta kuchokera mkati, pomwe limakhalabe lamoyo komanso lopuwala.

Mahatchi okwera ndizilombo zachilendo.

Maula am'madzi amchere amaoneka okongola kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la mavuwa kumafika masentimita awiri. Thupi limakhala lochepera ndi mtundu wowala wobiriwira kapena mtundu wamtambo, limapereka sheen wachitsulo. Miyendo ndi yofiyira, ndipo mapiko ake ndi amvi.

Mavuto ndi zopindulitsa za okwera mavu

Anthu amawopa okwera mavu chifukwa tizilombo timeneti tikumauma. Ndipo ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti machenjezo a anthu alibe chifukwa chomveka, chifukwa mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, ma pompilides, imhoza kukhala yowopsa. Poizoni wamphamvu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kupweteketsa anaphylactic mwa anthu omwe ali ndi hypersensitivity poizoni.

Nthawi zina, pambuyo poti adani a mavu akuukira, ogwiritsa ntchito ma khunyu amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Koma pazonse, tizilombo timakhala mwamtendere ndi anthu, popeza sachita chidwi ndi matupi a anthu, koma matupi a tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, okwera mavu ndi othandiza kwambiri paulimi, chifukwa amachepetsa kwambiri tizilombo toononga.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Typhia

Tiphia ndi banja laling'ono. Ku Europe, mitundu 20 ya typhus imakhala, ndipo mayiko omwe kale anali CIS - 3030 mitundu.

Zosintha pamiyeso yaying'ono. Akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 1 centimeter. Mtundu wakuda ndi wonyezimira. Mimba ndi yopapatiza komanso yotalikirapo. Mapiko amakhala a bulauni. Miyendo ndi yofiirira. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu pamimba.

Mazira amaikidwa pa mphutsi za kachiromboka, ndikuwumitsa kwa kanthawi kochepa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapitilirabe kuyenda ndikukula. Typhus ndiye mdani wamkulu wa tizilombo toyambitsa tirigu yemwe amatchedwa tsekwe. Komanso, mphutsi zawo zimadya mimbulu ya May ndi kafadala.

Metoh

Metocha ichneumonoides imapezeka ku Eurasia konse. Mitundu yochepera.

Kukula kwa tizilombo akuluakulu ndi masentimita 13. Amuna achikuda okhala ndi mapiko a bulauni. Akazi alibe mapiko. Mawere, kumbuyo ndi miyendo yaikazi ndi akuda. Pulasitikiyo limapezeka kunja. Kunja, zazikazi zimafanana ndi nyerere zazikulu.

Amakhala m'malo owuma komanso otentha. Metocha amayikira mazira pamimba ndi kachilomboka. Asanakhale omenyera, wogwirayo amalumala. Pambuyo poikira mazira ,ikazi imakutira dzenje la kachilomboka ndi miyala yaying'ono.

Zachikond

A Bethylidae amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu 100 yodziwika bwino ku Europe. Pazonse, mitundu ya 1800 imafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi.

Makulidwe a betilide ya achikulire amachokera pa 1 mpaka 10 mamilimita. Mtundu wakuda. Wofatsa thupi ndi yopapatiza pamimba. Anthu opanda ndege amafanana ndi nyerere.

Ma Betilides amathandizira munthu polimbana ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono - masamba amphesa, thonje.

Yaikaziyo, ikaukira mphutsi kangapo kukula kwake, imazimba mothandizidwa ndi kuluma kwamisempha yomwe imawongolera mbola. Kenako, kwa masiku angapo, imayenda mthupi lonse la wolumayo ndikuluma nawo m'magulu osiyanasiyana a minofu, ndikuziziritsa.

Asanayikire mazira, amadya zam'mimba kwakanthawi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito agwire bwino ntchito. Yaikazi yokonzekera kubereka imayikira mazira pafupifupi 150.

Mbali yodziwika ndi kusamalira ana. A Betilida amasamalira mphutsi zikutuluka mazira kwakanthawi, kuzinyambita kamodzi. Mphutsi zakulira zimatha kudzera pakhungu la wovutikayo, ndipo kukula kwina kumachitika mkati mwake.

Canine nsabwe ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri kamene kamadyera khungu ndi keratinized agalu. Momwe mungapulumutsire mnzanu pamatenda awa, werengani ulalo wa https://stopvreditel.ru/parazity/zhivotnyx/vlasoed-u-sobak.html.

Moyo wozungulira ndi magwiritsidwe ake amakhudza ozunzidwa

Kachilumba kanyumba kamakhala kachilombo kamodzi kokha, kamadzipangira chisa chake mu nthaka kapena pamitengo yazomera kapena makungwa a mitengo. Kutalika kwa moyo wake amakhala wamfupi: kwa akazi - pafupifupi mwezi, ndi kwa amuna - osaposa masiku 10. Mitundu ina, mphutsi zimatha kuzizira m'thupi la wozunzidwayo ndikumapundula mchaka chokha.

Nthawi zambiri, akuluakulu samachita zinthu mwachisawawa, kutanthauza kuti, samadyetsa tizilombo tina, chifukwa mitundu ina, timadzi tokoma timakhala chakudya. Koma mphutsizo zitha kuonedwa ngati majeremusi, malinga ndi momwe kubereka kumachitikira.

Akazi achikazi amaikira mazira pamatupi kapena mphutsi za nyerere, mavu, kafadala, mbozi, akangaude komanso zinkhanira, zomwe zimadyetsa mphutsi. Mukamayikira mazira, tiziromboti timakhala pamwamba pa womenyedwayo, wofanana ndi wokwera pahatchi, yemwe adapereka dzina ku banja lonselo.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa komwe timaloleza kudutsa makulidwe a mtengo kuti timve ngati pali mphutsi ya kachilomboka kuti ikayikire mazira.

Kuyika mazira awo mthupi la wozunzidwayo, azimayiwo amalowetsa poizoniyu poyizoni, ndikusintha kukhala "zombie". Pasanathe tsiku, zimafunikira kuti mphutsi pafupifupi ziwiri zikolokere kwa wovutikayo, ndipo ndi masiku ochepa, kuti athe kudutsa magawo onse a chitukuko.

Munthawi yonseyi, amadya thupi la "mbuye" wawo, kwinaku akusunga thupi lake, amamwalira kutopa nthawi isanakwane mphutsi.

Wovala mavu: momwe kuluma kumawonekera

Tizilombo timasiyana mu nkhanza, imaluma munthu pokhapokha podziteteza. Mutha kukumana naye m'malo otentha - pafupi ndi malo osungirako nyama, m'nkhalango komanso m'malo otetezedwa. Ngati munthu wapezeka, musayese kumusankha.

Wokwerayo akasiya kuluma, redness ndi kutupa pang'ono kumawonekera pamalowo. Mawonetsero akunja amaphatikizidwa ndi kuyabwa. Ngati munthu sagwirizana, munthu woganiza bwino amapanga malo ofiira, kutupa kwambiri komanso totupa thupi lonse.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mavu akuluma munthu?

Nthawi zina, hypersensitivity kuluma kwa parasitic wasp adalemba. Thupi lawo siligwirizana amapezeka ana ang'ono ndi anthu ochepa kuchepa chitetezo. Pofuna kupewa kuthana ndi anaphylactic kapena edema ya Quincke, tikulimbikitsidwa kupereka chithandizo choyamba kwa omwe akuzunzidwayo munthawi yake.

Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira zake

Nthawi zambiri, kuluma kwa mavu sikuwoneka pakhungu. Koma ndi kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa poizoni komwe kachilomboka kakuvulaza pakuwukira, kuwoneka pang'ono pang'ono. Kuyabwa kumawonedwanso, kutupira. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zamisonkhano ndi wokwerapo ndikuphatikiza bala. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthu amatha kudzipatsira yekha. Zizindikiro za matenda akutupa ndikubowola malo owuma, mapangidwe a chikopa, chotupa.

Ngati redness ikupitilira pakatha masiku 5, pitani kuchipatala. Kuti adziwe matendawa ndikuwapatsa mankhwala, wozunzidwayo amapatsidwa malangizo owunika kuchokera pamalo omwe alumayo, kuwunika kwa magazi ndi mkodzo.

Chithandizo choyambira

Pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa mavu, pukuta malowo ndi antiseptic. Kwa izi, Fukortsin, Miramistin, hydrogen peroxide kapena mowa (vodika) ndi oyenera. Ndi zowawa, mutha kutenga ma analgesics ndi antispasmodics. Anti-kutupa ndikofunikira kuti muteteze edema, redness ndi zotupa.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana

Zotsatira zoyipa sizimachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa mukaluma ndikakuluma ndi mchira wautali ndikulowetsa poizoni wambiri, zomwe sizowopsa kwa anthu. Koma nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga edema kapena urticaria yayikulu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusamalira ana aang'ono. Ngati zizindikiro za kuletsa poyizoni zikuwonekera, ndikofunikira kutenga mankhwala a antihistamines (Suprastin, Loratadin, Zodak), kenako kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala pambuyo pake.

Zomwe zimawononga mavu zimapezeka ku Russia

Crabronides (mavu amchenga)

Poyerekeza ndi madera otentha, nyengo ya ku Russia siigwirizana bwino ndi okwera ambiri. Komabe, zimapezekanso m'mitunda ya Russia, ngakhale ndizochepa. Mitundu yodziwika bwino:

• Mimarommatids. Gulu lakhumi lomwe oimira ake amakhala mu subantarctic. Ikani mazira awo pa mazira a arthropods ena.
• Mutillids (mavu aku Germany) amasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe ake okongola ndi mtundu wowala. Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yoposa 4000 ya ma mutillides imapezeka, ndipo mwa amuna onse ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi. Kukula sikapitilira 3 cm, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba. Ikani mazira pa mavu, njuchi ndi ntchentche.
• Nutcrackers. Monga abale, iwo amabereka ana pa tizilombo. Akuluakulu amadya masamba azomera.
• Ma Proctotrupoid okwera. Wachikulire amakhala ndi kutalika kotalika 5 mm. Paulimi, apeza ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera patizilombo.
• Ma Kalcides. Imodzi mwa madongosolo ambiri, yomwe imagwirizanitsa mitundu 200. Oimira ake ndiwofunika kwambiri pantchito zaulimi, chifukwa amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amawopseza mungu.
• Mavu a Evanoidoid. Amakhala ndi kapangidwe kapadera. M'mimba mwawo amadzuka pachifuwa. Amasiyira ana mitundu ina ya ma udzu, pa maphemwe ndi zophukira, zomwe zinatchuka pa oteteza nkhalango.
• Typhoid. Pafupifupi mitundu 20 imapezeka ku Europe, ndipo ina 30 ku Russia ndi m'maiko a CIS. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikudutsa masentimita 1. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi khungu lakuda ndi mapiko a bulauni. Amakonda kuyikira mazira pa kachikumbu: kafadala, ndowe ndi ena. Milandu yachilendo kwambiri, chifukwa wozunzidwayo samwalira nthawi yomweyo, koma akupitilizabe kukhala ndi mphutsi za mavu.

Chimbalangondo cha ku Japan

Zindikirani! Ku United States, mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi ma pompilides (mavu amumsewu), omwe amakhala m'malo okhala pansi, nthawi zambiri mumsewu. Amaikira mazira makamaka pa akangaude akulu. Pazonse, pali mitundu pafupifupi 4900 ya ma pompilides.

Ku Europe, ma crabronides (mavu a mchenga) ndiofala, mitundu yopitilira 600, koma pafupifupi 8,000 aiwo amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amapanga mabowo mumchenga, pomwe mphutsi zimamera zisa. Zakudya (njuchi, mavu ena, hymenoptera) zimaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu, ndikuwumitsa ozunzawo ndi poizoni.

Mabanja ambiri otsala ofanana akukonda nyengo yotentha ndi yanyontho ya malo otentha ndi otentha. Munkhalango zachilengedwe za Amazon, mutha kupeza tizilombo tosiyanasiyana totalika masentimita 8. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mpaka pano, asayansi akupitilizabe kupeza mitundu yatsopano, pomwe pali tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri tomwe timasungika kwina komwe timatha kuwerengeka ngati tikutha.

Kupeukira

Njira yayikulu yopewetsera wokwerapo imawerengedwa mosamala. Osalumikizana ndi tiziromboti, yesani kuugwira kapena kuwupha. Pokonzekera piyano kapena dziwe, muyenera kuvala zovala zolimba ndi manja. Khungu la ana limathandizidwa bwino ndi zobwezeretsa, zomwe zimatetezanso khanda ku kulumwa ndi udzudzu, mavu ena, midges.

Mahatchi omwe akukwera ndi majeremusi osavulaza anthu ndipo amangogwira tizilombo. Akazi ophatikizika amasaka mbozi, nsikidzi kapena mavu ena kuti ayikire mazira. Mphutsi zosamwa ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo m'masiku asanu ndi amodzi ndi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi amatha kupha wozunzidwayo.