ARKHANGELSK, Seputembara 8. / Corr. TIN Irina Skalina. Asayansi anayika makamera poyang'anira ma walruse a Red Book ku Gunter Bay, Northbrook Island, Franz Josef Land Archipelago, a Maria Gavrilo, wachiwiri kwa director for research ku Russian Arctic National Park, adauza TASS Lachisanu.

"Tikuyika makamera awiri owunikira kuti awombere pakanthawi kochepa, amatenga zithunzi maola awiri aliwonse. Izi zipangitsa kuti athe kuwerengera bwino manambala. Ndipo gawo lachiwiri lomwe makamera opanga okha ndi omwe amatha kuwunikira ndi kusintha mkati mwa nyengo," adatero Gavrilo.

Ku Gunther Bay, ma walrus amapanga chopondera pomwe nyama 500 mpaka 1000 zimatha kupezeka nthawi imodzi. Pakakhala nyengo yabwino, asayansi amatha kuyendera kamodzi kapena kangapo pa nyengo, koma, malinga ndi Gavrilo, izi ndizowonera kamodzi zomwe sizikuwonetsa chithunzi chowona - nyama sizingagwire pokolola. "Tikufunika tipeze nthawi yoti tisiye zolowera mu kugwa. Sitidzadzigwira, ndipo ngati kamera ingapulumuka mwadzidzidzi, tidzawatsata akafika chaka chamawa," adatero a Gavrilo.

Malinga ndi iye, madzi oundana akamauluka, ma walruse amachoka pamayendedwe oyenda kupita kumtunda kupita kumalo oundana, komwe amakhala otetezeka. Kuchokera pazithunzizi ndizotheka kudziwa yemwe ali wamkulu pazokondweretsa - amuna kapena akazi omwe ali ndi ana. Takonzedwa kuti atengere chiwonetsero chazaka m'munda wa 2018.

Ma walrus a Atlantic subspecies amalembedwa m'mabuku apadziko lonse komanso Russian Red Red. Kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Barents kumakhala anthu olondera a gulu la East Atlantic, kufalikira kuchokera ku Svalbard kupita ku Novaya Zemlya ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Barents. Franz Josef Land ndi malo okhala chaka ndi chaka cha walrus. Zimapezeka paliponse pazisumbu, koma malo ozungulira ndi malo oyendayenda amatsimikizika chifukwa cha madzi oundana, kuya, chikhalidwe cham'munsi ndikugawidwa kwa magulu apansi oyanjana nawo.

Russian Arctic National Park ndiye malo akumpoto kwambiri komanso otetezedwa kwambiri ku Russia. Mulinso zisumbu za Franz Josef Land komanso kumpoto kwa zisumbu za Novaya Zemlya.

Nkhanizi zimasindikizidwanso m'chigawo "Kukoma Mtima" - rubriki yolumikizana ndi polojekiti yonse yaku Russia "Live", yopangidwa kuti izithandiza anthu ovuta.

Ili kuti konse?

Pachilumba chachikulu cha zilumba 192 zili pamwamba pa pulaneti. Awa ndi malo ozizira, osavomerezeka kwa munthu, otsukidwa ndi Nyanja ya Barents - malo omalizira a kumpoto. Apa, mafunde oundana akuwomba mphepo, kuchoka pa madzi oundana ndikuyamba ulendo wamtunda woyenda panyanja, malaya oyenda bwino amawoneka osasangalatsa, akumadzipatula kumphepo yamkuntho ndi nyengo chifukwa chamkuntho. Kuyambira 2009, Franz Josef Land yakhala ya Russia Arctic National Park - malo akumpoto komanso otetezedwa kwambiri ku Russia.

Makamaka, awa akadali dera la Arkhangelsk, nthawi pano ndi Moscow. Kupita kutali mpaka kupitirira North Pole. Kuchokera ku Cape Fligeli pachilumba cha Rudolph mpaka pomwe meridian amatembenukira, 900 km okha, ndikufika ku Kola Peninsula kale 1200 km.

Kodi Franz Joseph ali ndi vuto lanji?

Kufika kuno nthawi zonse kwakhala nkhani yovuta - mphepo komanso nyengo yoipa, ayezi woopsa wakhala cholepheretsa pazomwe wapeza. Oyamba kuchita izi anali ofufuza apolice, mamembala a Austro-Hungary omwe anathamangitsa Karl Weiprecht ndi Julius Payer. Poyesa kupeza njira yakumpoto yakunyanja, chombo chonyamula mafunde a Admiral Tegethoff a Austrian anagwidwa. Gululi silinasiyidwe ndi china chilichonse koma kungonama mumayendedwe omwe adakhala chaka chathunthu. Anawabweretsa kumalo omenyera-zidole za Halle Island kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 1873.

Madera atsopanowa adatchulidwa kuti Emperor Franz Joseph I, Weiprecht ndi Payer molakwika adaganiza kuti zilumbazi zidapitilira North Pole. Mwa njira, adasiya ngalawa yawo mu madzi oundana, ndipo ma pony atero adawathandiza kutuluka mumisempha ya ayezi, ndikuwawonetsa njira yolowera ku Norway. Pambuyo pake, zisumbuzi zidaganizidwanso kuti zipatsidwe dziko la Romanov Land, Nansen Land, ngakhale Dziko la Kropotkin, koma mwanjira inayake. Mu 1914, wamkulu wa gulu la 1 la zombo zaku Russia, Islyamov adakweza mbendera ya ufumu kuzilumba zonsezo ndikulengeza ufulu wa Russia kudera lino. Mu 1926, zisumbu zidalembedwa kuti ndi za USSR malinga ndi lamulo la CEC, ndipo mu 1929 adatsegulira polar yoyamba.

Zoti uone?

Nayi paradiso weniweni wa akatswiri odziwa kusenda bwino, pafupifupi zilumba zonse ndizodzaza ndi ayezi, yemwe makulidwe ake m'malo ena amafikira 400 m! Umu ndi momwe chipululu cha Arctic chimawonekera, momwe mulibe mitengo kapena zitsamba, malo oundana okha, permafrost, mosses ndi lichens. Kumakhala kuzizira kuno, ndipo nyengo imasintha pakapita mphindi zochepa ndipo pazifukwa zina nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyipa. Pa Franz Josef Land, matenthedwe samakonda kukwera kuposa zero, kupatula mwina pakati pa Julayi. Usiku wozizira umakhala pachilumbachi kwa masiku 125, ndipo masiku 140 motsatana kuzilumba dzuwa sililowa. Franz Josef Land ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri yokhudza anthu ofufuza za ma polar monga Georgy Sedov, Fridtjof Nansen, Yalmar Johansen.

Ndani amakhala kumeneko?

Ngakhale asayansi amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana - Alexandra ndi Hayes - m'malo opezeka polar ndi mabeseni, zisumbu sizothandiza kwenikweni kuti munthu akhaleko. Koma kwa mitundu 11 ya zinyama, iyi ndi malo abwino kukhalamo. Awa ndi dziko la zimbalangondo zooneka bwino, Atlantic walruses, omwe poyambira kwawo kuli zolembedwa pachilumba cha Apollon, zisindikizo zazingwe, ma sea sea (lahtaks), nkhandwe za arctic, mbalame zam'madzi zamtchire. Madzi a chisumbucho amakhala ndi mapiri okongola a Greenland ndi anamgumi otchedwa humpback, anamgumi oseketsa, ndi anamgumi a minke. Mu Cambridge Strait ndi Dezhnev Bay pamakhala mwayi wowona narwhals komanso chimphona chachikulu cham'madzi (Finwala), chachiwiri chachikulu kwambiri pakati pa nyama zapadziko lapansi.

Chochititsa chidwi

Zilumba zitatu zokha za Franz Josef Land ndizomwe zimatchedwa ndi azimayi. Ndipo onsewa ndi abale a Fridtjof Nansen. Wofufuza wapolar waku Norway adapatsa mayina magawo atatu a sushi polemekeza mkazi wake, mwana wamkazi ndi amayi ake - Eve, Liv ndi Adelaide. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, zidazindikira kuti zilumba za mkazi ndi mwana wamkazi zimayimira gawo limodzi. Dzinalo la chisumbu lidzasungidwa kawiri - Eva Liv

Mukafika bwanji?

Njira ndi yosavuta, koma yodula - akukwera sitima yapanyanja kapena yacht kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala. Nthawi zambiri, maulendo opita kuzisumbu amayambira ku Naryan-Mar kapena Murmansk. Zombo zimakhalabe mumsewu, ndipo okwera amapita m'madzi m'mabwato kapena mabwato. Alendo amayendera limodzi ndi oyendera boma a Russian Arctic National Park ndipo onetsetsani kuti alendo ochokera kudera lalikulu sakubwera ku fauna wamba komweko kuposa 50m. Ngati zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar ziziwoneka pagombe, oyang'anira sangalole kufika pachilumbacho.

Osayiwala:

► Onani kutulutsa maluwa kwa polar

► Onaninso mipira yamiyala yozungulira (Chizindikiro)

► Tsitsani positi ku ofesi ya Russia Post Arkhangelsk 163100

► Pitani kukasambira kwambiri

► Onani misika ya mbalame ku Tikhaya Bay pa Hooker Island, Prince George Island ndi Bell Island

► Pitani ku polar station pachilumba cha Alger

► Onaninso ndege ya IL-14, yomwe sinagonje pachilumba cha Hayes mu 1981

► Lowani pachilumba cha Dead Seal

► Kuyang'ana pakatikati kokacheza kwa Western Federal District pamalo opumira ndege oyambilira a "Tikhaya Bay" pachilumba cha Hooker ndikusiya cholembedwa mu "Blue Book"