Moni okondedwa ndi abambo. Samalirani ma chithoni anu ndi njoka, abwenzi! Ndikufuna kukudziwitsani kwa khachik wokhala ndi tsitsi yemwe amakonda kudya njoka. Mwamwayi, nyama iyi siimawopanso anthu kuposa momwe ilili chakudya. Moni Kwambiri Serpent mu Chirasha ndi Circaetus gallicus mu Armenieni (nthabwala, m'Chilatini).

Utali wonse wa mbalame ndi 67-72 masentimita, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 160 mpaka 190. Kuwala kwamatsenga kukufotokozedwa mu kukula kwa akazi. Poyerekeza ndi amuna, ndi akulu, monga azakhali a Zina ochokera pakhonde lanu. Malo okhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana asankha madera omwe ali ndi nyengo youma. Chifukwa chake, pichuga ikhoza kupezeka ku Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Caucasus, ndi Northwest Africa.

Popeza mutha kumuwona munthu wokongola uyu, ife, mosangalatsa. Mosiyana ndi achibale ake ogwidwa, amene amadya njoka amakhala obisalira kwambiri komanso amantha, makamaka poyerekeza ndi nyani wokhala ndi mabula. Zikuwoneka kuti, yemwe anali ndi tsikuli amalingalira za zowopsa zomwe tikuchita ndi anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi, motero amayesetsa kuti asatilephere.

Kudya kwa nyama yolusa kumadziwika ndi dzina lake. Kuphatikiza pa njoka, mbalame zimayendanso zikuluzikulu, zina zokwawa, mbalame zam'munda ndi nyama zazing'ono ngati makoswe. Zamoyo zonsezi zigwidwa pafupi ndi chisa.

Mwa njira, wamwamuna amakonzekeretsa iye. Ndipo, moona, zikuwonekeratu kuti dzanja laimuna lidakhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi. Nyumba ili ngati nyumba yosanja kuposa nyumba yabwino. Ena mwa ndodo adakutidwa ndi udzu ndi zikopa za njoka.

Mu nthawi yakukhwima, yaimuna ndi yaimuna imathamangitsana, kuuluka, kulongosola mabwalo ndikugwera pansi mwamphamvu. Koma zotsatira za maulendo achikondi awa sizisintha. Dona amayikira dzira limodzi. Mwina, zowonadi, ziwiri, koma mwana wachiwiri adzangofa, chifukwa atakankhira koyamba, palibe amene azidzayimenya. Yaikazi imagwira masonasi pafupifupi masiku 40. Ndipo pakatha miyezi 2.5, mwana wankhukuyo wakonzeka kuwuluka kupita kumwamba ndikukhala wamkulu.

Mwambiri, moyo wa abwenzi athu ndi wofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zodyedwa. Koma pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe ngakhale Sasha Grey angachitire nsanje. Zikhala zodyetsa ana. Zikuwoneka kuti, nchiyani chomwe chingadabwe ndi machitidwe osakhulupirika awa? Kupatula apo, njira zakulera za mbalame zaana zakhazikika kale, ndiponso pati? M'mawu a Baz Lightyear: "Kukayika sikumalire," ndikukuuzani.

Atapeza njoka yosayang'anira, kholo limeza lonse. Chokwawa chimayamba ulendo wake kudzera mwa kumeza mbalame ndi mutu wake kutsogolo. Kunja, nsonga yokha ndiye mchira. Ndi katundu wotere, amayi kapena abambo amabwerera kuchisa kwa ana ake.

Chitsa chimatha kukoka chakudya mchira, kenako ndikusangalala ndi nyama yatsopano ya njoka. Chakudya choterocho chimakhala kuchokera kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10 kapena kupitilira, kutengera ndi kukula kwa njokayo. Izi ndimazitcha kuti zolemetsa za makolo!

Tsoka ilo, mbalameyi imakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutha, ndiye kuti zalembedwa mu Red Book. Koma tsopano zilinso mu Bukhu la zinyama, kotero kuchokera mu kukumbukira kwathu sizidzazimiririka.

Buku la Zinyama linali ndi inu.

Mangiranani, zolembetsa - chithandizo cha wolemba.

Gawani malingaliro anu mu ndemanga, timawerenga nthawi zonse.

(Terathopius ecaudatus)

Imagawidwa mokwanira kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, koma imapewa mvula zamvula zambiri. Ichi ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino ya savannah.

Kutalika kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu ndi 56-75 masentimita, mapiko ndi 160-180 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumayambira pa 2 mpaka 2.6 kg. Amuna achikulire omwe ali ndi mutu wakuda, khosi lakuda komanso mbali yakumaso. Thupi la nsombayo limakhala lofiirira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mapiko amakhala akuda ndi malaya oyera oyera, nthenga zamapewa zimayera kapena zonyezimira. Zachikazi zazikazi za chiwombankhanga cha buffoon ndizofanana ndi zamphongo, koma ndi nthenga zaimaso zotuwa. Tizilombo ta ta njati tomwe timavala zovala zoyambirira pachaka zimakhala zofiirira kumbali yakumaso, kumutu kwathu kuli mutu wokhotakhota komanso wokutira, wokutidwa ndi timiyala tosakhazikika. Utawaleza ndi wodera, lofiirira komanso khungu lopanda kanthu ndi lalanje akulu, amtundu wakuda kapena wobiriwira. Mlomo ndi zikhadabo zakuda, miyendo imakhala yofiirira mwa akulu, yopyapyala ana.

Amadyetsa njoka, komanso abuluzi, akambuku ndi nyama zazing'ono (makoswe, chitetezo), ndipo nthawi zina imagwira nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, antelopes ang'ono. Amadyetsa mazira a mbalame, dzombe ndi zovunda. Chiwombankhanga chimagwira mimbulu ndi njenjete zina ndi kuzipangitsa kuti zizing'amba chakudya.

Khalani awiriawiri. Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira mwezi wa Disembala mpaka March. Amamanga zisa pamitengo, nthawi zambiri pa acacias, nthambi zambiri. Zomera zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Mu clutch pali dzira loyera limodzi lokha lomwe lili ndi zozungulira zochepa. Yaikazi incubates kwa masiku 42-43. Pa mapiko, anapiye amangokhala miyezi itatu ndi itatu.

(Circaetus gallicus)

Zoweta kum'mwera ndi Central Europe, ku North-West Africa, ku Caucasus, pafupi ndi Central Asia, South-West Siberia, kumpoto kwa Mongolia, kumwera mpaka Pakistan ndi India. Kumpoto kwa malo osungira, mbalame yosamukira. Chimakhala mdera losakanizika ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango. Chimakhala m'nkhalango kumpoto komanso malo owuma kum'mwera, ndikupezeka mitengo yopanda payokha.

Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi 67-72 masentimita, mapiko mpaka 160-190 masentimita, mapiko kutalika kwa 52-60 cm. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna, koma ali ndi utoto chimodzimodzi nawo. Mbali yakumapeto kwa mbalameyo imakhala yotuwa; thupi lam'munsi ndi khosi lake ndi lopepuka. Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, ngati kadzidzi, iris ndi chikaso chowala. Pali mikwingwirima yamdima yamtundu wa 3-4 pam mchira. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi achikulire.

Wodya njoka amadyetsa anapiye makamaka ndi njoka, ngakhale mbalame zazikulire nthawi zambiri zimadyanso zokwawa zina, nyama zakufa, nyama zazing'ono, ndi mbalame zam'munda. Njira yodyetsera anapiye ndi yovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, mwana wa nkhukuyo amagwira njoka ndi mchira ndikuyamba kuikoka kuchokera pakhosi la kholo. Kuchita opareshoni sikumakhala kosangalatsa kwa mbalame yachikulire, makamaka chifukwa masikelo a njoka amawongolera kumbuyo. Nthawi zina kutalika kumeneku kumatenga mphindi 5 mpaka 10 kapena kupitilira, kutengera ndi kukula kwa njokayo. Atatola chakudyacho kuchokera mkamwa mwa makolo, mwana wankhuku amayamba kumeza iyemwini ndipo amakakamizidwanso kuchokera kumutu (molakwitsa kuyambira mchira, iye amawataya nthawi yomweyo). Zimakoka njoka yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka theka la ola kapena kupitilira.

Odyera njoka ndi mbalame zamwano. Imakhala pansi pamtunda wa 10-23 m kuchokera pansi pamitengo ina kapena pamphepete mwa nkhalango (nthawi zina pamiyala). Tizilombo tating'ono ndi nyumba zazing'ono, mbalame zimadzipangira zokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala dzira limodzi loyera (mazira awiri, mpaka mazira awiri, koma dzira lachiwiri limalumikizidwa nthawi zonse limafa, chifukwa kukokana kwakeko kumalekera kutuluka kwa dzira loyambira dzira loyamba). Onse awiri amakhala ndi mazira pafupifupi masiku 40. Pa mapiko, anapiye amayima patsiku la 70-80 la moyo.

(Circaetus pectoralis)

Kugawidwa ku Africa kuchokera ku Ethiopia ndi Sudan kumwera kupita ku South Africa komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Angola. Amakhala m'malo opanda chouma komanso opanda chipululu, kupezeka kwa mitengo yolima yokhayokha, komwe njoka yodzala ndi njoka yakuda imayang'anira kuti igwire.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 63-68 masentimita, mapiko ndi pafupi 178 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi ndi 1.2-2.3 kg. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi chakudya cha njoka iyi ndi mutu wake wakuda (pafupifupi wakuda) ndi chifuwa chake, chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi m'mimba mwake owala komanso mkati mwa mapiko. Utawaleza ndi chikasu chowala.

Amadyetsa njoka, komanso imagwiritsa ntchito abuluzi, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi achule.

Yaikazi imayikira dzira limodzi, lomwe limadzitsekera masiku 50. Nkhuku zimachoka mchisa itatha miyezi itatu.

(Circaetus beaudouini)

Kugawidwa ku North Africa (kumadzulo kwa dziko lotchedwa Sahel) ku Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, kumwera kwa Mali, kumpoto kwa Nigeria ndi Cameroon, kumwera kwa Chad, Central African Republic ndi South Sudan. Pamakhala ma savannas, nkhalango komanso malo achikhalidwe.

Mapiko ali ndi masentimita 170. Thupi lakumaso, mutu ndi chifuwa zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, mbali yakumbuyo ndi yowala ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono yakuda. Utawaleza ndi chikasu chowala. Miyendo ndi yayitali, imvi.

Amadyetsa njoka, ndipo nthawi zina imadyanso anyani ena ochepa.

(Circaetus cinereus)

Kugawidwa kumadera louma a Africa kuyambira ku Mauritania ndi Senegal kum'mawa mpaka ku Sudan ndi ku Ethiopia komanso kumwera, kudzera ku Angola, Zambia, Malawi, ku Republic of South Africa. Pamakhala malo opanda mitengo, malo opanda nthaka komanso zipululu.

Uyu ndiye wadyera wamkulu kwambiri njoka. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 68-75, mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi 164 cm, ndipo thupi lake ndi 1.5-2,5 kg. Utoto wamitundu yambiri umakhala wakuda, mkatikati mwa mapikowo ndi imvi, mchira wake ndi woderapo komanso mikwingwirima yopyapyala. Miyendo ndi yayitali, imvi yotuwa, maso ndi achikaso, mulomo wakuda. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi akulu, koma mtundu wake wamba umakhala wopepuka pang'ono ndipo m'munsi mwa nthenga nthawi zambiri mumayera.

Amadyetsa njoka, nthawi zina imadya abuluzi, mbalame, monga mbalame za Guinea, ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono. Itha kumadya njoka mpaka mamita 2.8. Nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi njoka zapoizoni. Kuti ateteze kuluma kwawo, imakhala ndi khungu lowongoka kumapazi. Ngakhale izi, panali zochitika zina pomwe kulavulira cobras kumapangitsa munthu wakudya njoka. Amakafunafuna nyama atakhala pamtengo wamtali ndikuigwira pansi. Mosiyana ndi anthu ena amene amadya njoka, siziuluka.

Palibe nyengo yobereka. Monga zisa, zopanda zisa kapena zotayika za mbalame zina nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimadzikonza zokha, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira zimanga zisa zawo. Chidacho chili pamtengo wamtali kapena pathanthwe, pamtunda wa 3.5-12 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi lomwe lachikazi limadzilowetsa masiku 48-53. Amphaka oswidwa amaphimbidwa ndi oyera fluff. Samachoka pachisa kwa masiku 60-100, mpaka atakutidwa ndi nthenga. Pambuyo pake, amakhala ndi makolo awo kwakanthawi. Nthawi yamoyo ya mbalamezi ndiyambira zaka 7 mpaka 10.

(Circaetus fasciolatus)

Kugawidwa ku East Africa kuchokera kumwera kwa Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique kumwera mpaka kumpoto-kummawa kwa Republic of South Africa. Imakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zam'malo otentha. Amatsata nkhalango zowirira za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso nkhalango zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena madambo.

Thupi lam'mwamba ndi chifuwa ndi zofiirira zakuda, mutu ndi woderapo, m'mimba mumakhala mataye oyera, mchala wautali pali mikwero itatu yoyera. Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi 55-60 cm.

Amadyetsedwa ndi njoka kapena abuluzi, ndipo nthawi zina amadya makoswe, amfia, tizilombo ndi mbalame.

Sungani odza njoka awa awiriawiri. Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Zingwe zimamangidwa kuchokera kunthambi zowuma mumakalamba a mitengo yayitali yamitengo. Zabisidwa bwino masamba owonda. Chisa ndi masentimita 50-70; pansi pake pali chodzala ndi masamba obiriwira. Ku clutch 1 ndi dzira loyera ndi matupi ofiira. Akazi amadzimbidwa makamaka mkati mwa masiku 49-52.

(Circaetus cinameracens)

Kugawidwa ku Africa kuchokera ku Senegal, Gambia, Cote d'Ivoire kummawa mpaka ku Ethiopia, kenako kumwera ku Angola ndi Zimbabwe. Imapezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwa Rift Valley, koma simapezeka m'nkhalango za kumadzulo kwa equatorial. Amakhala m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'misasa, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi mitsinje. Imachitika pamalo okwera mpaka 2000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-58 masentimita, mapiko ndi 120 cm mpaka 134 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Utoto wamba umakhala wonyezimira komanso wamaso oyera pamimba ndi m'chiuno. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi nsonga yopepuka komanso chingwe chimodzi chopingasa, malekezero amapeto ndi akuda, m'munsi mwa mulomo ndi wachikasu lalanje, utawaleza ndi miyendo yake ndi chikaso.

Amadyetsedwa ndi njoka zazing'ono (mpaka 75 cm), komanso abuluzi, akambuku, amphibians, makoswe, kafadala ndi nsomba. Imagwira nyama yake ndi zina ndipo imadya pansi kapena panthambi ya mtengo.

Chisa chokhala ndi mainchesi 45-60 masentimita chimakhala kutalika kwa 9-18 mamita pakati pa masamba owonda ndi mipesa yamitengo yomwe imamera pafupi ndi posungira. Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi lomwe mkazi amalilowetsa kwa masiku 35- 55. Mbalame zazing'ono zimachoka pachisa pambuyo pa masabata 10-15.

(Spilornis cheela)

Kugawidwa ku Southeast Asia kuchokera kumapiri a Himalaya ku Nepal ndi Northern India, Hindustan Peninsula, Sri Lanka kummawa ku Southeast China, Vietnam, Malaysia Peninsula ndi zilumba zambiri za Mala Archipelago. Mbalame yokhazikika. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, malo obisalamo mitengo, zigwa zamtsinje, pafupi ndi malo olimapo.

Kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake zimasiyanasiyana kutengera malo, mitunduyi imakhala yoposa 20. Ndi mbalame yatali kwambiri yokhala ndi mapiko ozungulira ndi mchira wamfupi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 41-76 masentimita, kulemera kwa 420-1800 g, mapiko 123-155 cm. Wakuda, woderapo, wofiirira, wamtundu wamaso amaphatikizika ndi utoto, wozungulira ndipo nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndimtundu wakuda ndi loyera, womwe mbalame imayipitsa ikasangalala. Pansi pa thupi mumapangidwa ndimiyala yakuda ndi yoyera kapena yozungulira, nthawi zina kamapangidwa kakang'ono kosinthika. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi wamamba. Utawaleza, sera, miyendo - chikasu, mulomo wakuda.

Amakonda kusaka njoka za mitengo ndi abuluzi pazikongolera za mitengo, amabweretsa nyamayo chisa chake osati chomata, koma mulomo kapena m'manja.

Odyera njoka samachoka komwe amakhala chaka chonse. Zisa zazing'ono zimabisala bwino mu korona zamitengo, mzere tray ndi greenery. Nthawi yoswana imayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja. Mazira amaikidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi, loyera, la pinki, lomwe limakhala ndi timizere tofiirira komanso tofiira tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana. Yokhayo wamkazi imalowa, masiku ambiri, 30-30 masiku. Ntchentche zimatuluka chisa pambuyo miyezi iwiri.

(Spilornis elgini)

Kugawidwa ku Islands ya Andaman, yomwe ili ku Indian Ocean kum'mawa kwa Hindustan Peninsula. Chimakhala m'nkhalango zam'madzi zotentha komanso m'nkhalango zotentha.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 51-59, mapikowo ndi masentimita 115 mpaka 135. Mtundu wambiri ndi woderapo, chifuwa, m'mimba ndipo kumtunda kwa mapiko kuli zodzaza ndi timizere tating'ono tating'ono, nkhope ndi miyendo yake ndi chikaso chowala. Nthenga zake ndi zakuda ndi m'mphepete yoyera yoyera; patsinde pazingwezo pali mikwingwirima yoyera. Pali chida chachifupi pamutu.

Imadyera njoka, abuluzi, mbalame, achule ndi makoswe.

(Spilornis kinabaluensis)

Kugawidwa kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Kalimantan. Amakhala munkhalango zamapiri zotentha pamtunda wamtunda wa 1000-4000 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja.

Amasiyana ndi njoka yokokedwa yemwe amadya mtundu wakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 51-56 cm.

(Spilornis rufipectus)

Kugawidwa ku Indonesia pachilumba cha Sulawesi. Imakhala m'malo obisika komanso otentha.

Amadyera abuluzi ndi njoka zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi zina amadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Mukuyang'ana nyama yomwe ili pamtengo wa mitengo, imathanso kufunafuna yozunzidwa pakati pa udzu m'mphepete kapena poyang'ana masamba.

Odyera njoka awa amasungidwa okha kapena awiriawiri. Zikuoneka kuti nthawi yobereketsa imayamba mu Januware mpaka Epulo.

(Spilornis holospilus)

Adagawidwa kuzilumba zonse za Philippines, kupatula chilumba cha Palawan. Imakhala m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi mapiri, makulidwe, malo otseguka komanso minda. Imachitika pamalo okwera 2500 m pamwamba pa nyanja, koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamtunda wa 1500 m.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 47-55 cm, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 105-120. Mtundu wambiri ndi woderapo, khosi ndi masaya ake ndimatuwa, pamakhala mutu wakuda pamutu, ndipo chifuwa ndi m'mimba zimangamaanga ndi timawu tating'ono toyera. Utawaleza, sera ndi miyendo zachikasu, mulomo ndi wakuda.

Imadyera abuluzi ndi njoka.

(Eutriorchis astur)

Pamakhala nkhalango zambiri zotentha zomwe zili kum'mawa kwa chilumba cha Madagascar. Chimakhala pamalo okwera mamilimita 550 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Iyi ndiye mbalame yayikulupo kwambiri ku Madagascar - kutalika kwa thupi ndi 57-66 masentimita, kulemera - 0,9-1 makilogalamu, mapiko ndifupi - 30- 35 cm, mchira ndi wautali - masentimita 28 mpaka 33. Pamutu pamakhala chidwi chowoneka pang'ono. Mtundu waukulu ndi wotuwa wonyezimira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa komanso utoto wamkati. Kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa mapikowo ndi kofiirira, kumakhala ndi zofiira, gawo lamkati mwa mapikowo ndipo pamimba mwayera ndi zofiirira.Utawaleza wachikasu. Imakhala ndi mulomo wakuthwa wopindika komanso zikhadabo zamphamvu.

Pazakudya zake amaphatikiza zinyama - mandimu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, amagwiritsanso ntchito njoka, abuluzi, chidebe ndi mikanda. Amayang'ana chakudyacho atakhala pamtengo, ataona womenyedwayo, igwetsa pansi mwachangu ndikuigwira ndi zopukutira.

Ku Madagascar, anthu amadya njoka. Nthawi yomaliza-yomwe idadyedwa ndi njoka idapezedwa mu 1930. Kafukufuku wapadera wapachaka amafufuza maulendo apanyumba kumapeto kwa 70s, koyambirira kwa 80s. sizinapereke zotsatira zabwino. Amaganiza kuti anasowa, koma mu Seputembara 1988, mbalame imodzi idapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumbacho. Pali chiyembekezo choti mitunduyi ilipobe, ngakhale kuti nkhalango zomwe zimakhalamo zimawonongeka kwambiri.

Amadyera njoka

Osaka njoka - gulu la mbalame zodyera, chakudya cham'mimba, chakuba

Wodziwika Njoka (Circaetus gallicus). Habitats - Asia, Africa, Europe. Wingspan 1.8 mamita

Odyera njoka ndi akatswiri paziwonetsero za zobayira zapoizoni. Ena, kupatula njoka, samadya. Zakudya zoterezi zimalepheretsa kugawidwa kwa mbalame zambewu.

Kumbali inayi, aŵiri osinthika omwe samadyera njoka konse ndianthu omwe amadya njoka. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi chiwombankhanga cha njati. Kupanda kutero, mbalameyi imatchedwa mkuyu - kwa mawonekedwe okongola. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, mulomo ndi miyendo ndi lalanje. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira, pa chifuwa ndi nthenga zakuda zimakhala zakuda, ndizosalala. Ziwombankhanga za Buffalo zimatsata njoka ndikuyang'anira abuluzi, mbalame. Amatha kupha. Makokawo ndi mahatchi nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya chawo.

Ambiri omwe amadya njoka asankha ngodya zotentha za Asia, komwe kuli njoka zambiri. Ena amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Andaman, amakhala kuzilumba ndi kumapeto kwa Indochina. Ena asankha nkhalango zotentha za ku Indonesia. Wodya njoka ku Congo amakhala ku Africa. Itha kupezeka pansi pa mitengo ya nkhalango zamvula, pomwe mbalamezi sizimangodya njoka zokha, komanso ma chameleon ndi amphibians. Omwe amadyera njoka ku Koriawa amakhala ocheperako ndipo amatha kuteteza nyumba ya munthu kuchokera kwa alendo obwera.

Monga momwe dzina la mbalameyo limasonyezera, chakudya chake chachikulu ndi njoka, kuphatikizapo zapoizoni. Nyamayi imasamala nyama, ikuuluka mlengalenga, kenako, ndi mapiko okulungidwa, imagwera pamwala. Njira yayikulu yolimbana ndikugwira njoka ndi nsapato za mutu wake, kuti isathe kufikira thupi la mbalameyo ndikuluma. Wakudya njoka wameza njoka yonse, osang'amba. Odyera njoka amakhala amwano, awiriawiri ndi okhazikika. Mbalame zimakhala pamitengo italiitali yopanda ufulu, nthawi zambiri pamiyala, yomamatira patsamba lomweli chaka ndi chaka. Mu clutch 1 kapena 2 mazira oyera bwino.

Kudera la Russia kuli munthu wamba amene amadya njoka. Mbalameyi ndiyosowa, ikuphatikizidwa mu Red Book la dzikolo. Kuphatikiza apo, amanyazi kwambiri komanso osamala. Imapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi m'nkhalango-steppe. Kunja kwa Russia, kumakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, ku Asia Minor, Middle East, ndi kumpoto kwa Mongolia. Kummwera kwa Europe, nthawi zambiri imagwira ku Spain. Anthu ambiri omwe amadya njoka amakhala ku India. Makhalidwe abwinobwino a munthu amene amadya njoka amatha kuweruzidwa ndi chisa chaching'ono cha mbalameyi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala khungu la njoka. Ozunzidwa kwambiri ku Russia ndi njoka ndi njoka. Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsa anapiye awo ndi iwo. Amabweretsa njoka yomwe imameza kuchisa, ndipo mwana wakeyo amachikoka kumtunda kwa kholo. Mutha kuyerekezera zomverera zofananira ngati mutakhala ndi chubu chapamimba chokhazikitsidwa mwa inu. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti omwe amadya njoka amakhala ndi khosi locheperako, njokayo ndiyoperewera. Kenako anapiyewo ndi kukonzanso njokayo ndi mutu wake, kenako, ndikuyamba kuukankhira m'mimba mwake. Mwambiri, iyi si ntchito yosavuta - kudya njoka.

Okhazikika omwe amadyedwa ndi njoka amapezeka ku Indonesia.

(Dryotriorchis spectabilis)

Adagawidwa kum'mwera kwa Sierra Leone ndi Guinea, ku Liberia, kumwera kwa Côte d'Ivoire ndi Ghana, kenako kuchokera kummwera kwa Nigeria kummawa kudzera ku Cameroon ndi Central African Republic kupita kumwera kwa Sudani ndi kumadzulo kwa Uganda komanso kumwera ku Democratic Republic of the Congo ndi Gabon . Palinso anthu ena akutali ku North Angola. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri pamtunda wa 900 m kuposa nyanja. Mbalame yokhazikika, ngakhale nthawi zina imatha kusamukira komweko.

Iyi ndi mbalame yocheperako yapakatikati kukula ndi mapiko ozungulira ndi mchira. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 54-60 masentimita, mapiko ndi 94-106 cm. Utoto wamitundu yonse ndi wakuda, pamutu pali nthenga za nthenga zakuda, chifuwa, m'mimba ndi m'chiuno mwayera ndi malo amdima, mchira wake uli woyera, mchira wake ndi woderapo ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ya 5-6. Tizilombo ta chikasu tachikasu tating'onoting'ono komanso tambiri. Amuna ndi akazi onse ndi ofanana kunja, koma zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa abambo.

Wodya njoka ku Congo amadya abuluzi, njoka, chimadzi, achule a mitengo, ndipo nthawi zina amadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Imasungidwa munkhalango yam'munsi ya nkhalangoyi, pomwe imayang'ana komwe ingagwire. Kuwona wovutikayo, imathothomoka panthambipo ndikuigwira pansi ndikukupanga pansi, komanso kuthyola nthambi za mitengo. Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale kuti maso ake akuluakulu amamulola kuti awone bwino pakuwala koyipa.

(Pithecophaga jefferyi)

Chiwombankhanga cha Philippines ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imapezeka kuzilumba za Philippines za Luzon, Samar, Leyte ndi Mindanao, komwe imakhala m'malo obiriwira a mvula. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, anthu ake masiku ano atsika mpaka anthu 200-400.

Imafika kutalika kwa 80-100 cm, mapiko mpaka 200 cm. Akazi olemera 5 mpaka 8 kg ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa amphongo omwe ali ndi 4 mpaka 6 kg. Mapiko afupiafupi ndi mchira wautali zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyendetsa ndege zikauluka m'nkhalango yowirira. Mutu wa chiwombankhanga waku Philippines ndi loyera, kumbuyo kwa mutu kumamveka nthenga zazitali komanso zopyapyala. Mlomo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri komanso wamtali. Mbali yakumapeto ndi mapiko ndi zofiirira, mchira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri, mbali yamkatiyo ndi yoyera.

Chakudya chachikulu chimasiyanasiyana chilumba ndi chilumba kutengera nyama zomwe zilipo, makamaka ku Luzon ndi Mindanao, popeza zisumbuzi zili m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ubweya wa ku Philippines, nyama yoyamba ku Mindanao, palibe ku Luzon. Chiwombankhanga cha ku Philippines chimakonda kusaka mapiko aubweya komanso mativa amiyala amiyala ya ku Malawi, koma nthawi zina chimadyanso nyama zazing'ono (agologolo a kanjedza ndi milembwe), mbalame (kadzidzi ndi mbalame za mphuno), zobwezeretsa (njoka komanso zowonera abuluzi) ngakhale mbalame zina zodyedwa. Nthawi zina mphungu zimadyera anyani awiriawiri. Mbalame imodzi imakhala pa nthambi pafupi ndi gulu la nyani, kuzisokoneza ndikulola ina kuuluka ndi kugwira nyama mosaziona panthawiyo.

Amakhala moyandikana ndipo amakhala moyo wawo wonse ndi wokondedwa wawo. Kuzungulira kwathunthu kwa chiwombankhanga ku Philippines kumatha zaka 2. Nyengo yoswana imayamba mu Julayi. Zingwe zimamangidwa pamtunda wa 30 m, makamaka pamitengo ya banja la dipterocarp. Chidacho chimakhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 1.5m ndipo chili ndi masamba obiriwira. Zaka zana pambuyo pake, ndikuyika dzira lokhalo lomwe lachikazi ndi chachimuna limalowetsedwa pafupifupi masiku 60. Mwana wankhuku amasiya chisa atatha miyezi 3.5-4.5, ndikuyamba kusaka yekha pakatha miyezi 10. Zazikazi zimakhwima pazaka 5, zazimuna pa zaka 7. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 60.