Pali mbalame yayikulu kwambiri m'banja la falcon. Mapiko ake ali pafupifupi masentimita 135. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono amafanana ndi peregrine falcon, mchira wake wokha ndiwotalikirapo.
Ikutchedwa ichi mbalame gyrfalcon. Kuyambira zaka za zana la 12, mawu awa adapezeka mu "Mawu pa Igor's Regiment". Pakadali pano, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe ku Russia. Iyenera kufanana ndi liwu la ku Hungary "kerecheto", "kerechen" ndipo lakhala likukumbukiridwa kuyambira nthawi yomwe pramadyar idalipo ku Ugra.
Oyimira wamkulu kwambiri mgululi ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Wamkazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kuposa wamphongo, amalemera pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu, ndipo wamphongo 1 kg. Kuyang'ana chithunzi cha mbalame ya gyrfalcon, titha kunena kuti ali ndi maula okongola, omwe ndi osatheka kuwalabadira. Kuweruza mafotokozedwe a mbalame ya gyrfalcon, mumtundu wake, ma toni owoneka bwino amakhala ndi nthawi zakuda.
Mwachitsanzo, ma gyrfalcons ndi amtundu wakofiirira, wokhala ndi nthenga zoyera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima pamimba. Mbali imodzi ya milomo ya mbalame imakonda kuyenda ndi chingwe chosaoneka bwino. Ma gyrfalcons amakonda kuchita polymorphism; mu mbalame zonse, mitundu yamitundu yambiri imasiyana.
Palinso anthu akuda omwe amagonana ofooka. Ali ndi dzino lodziwika ndi liwongo lililonse pazovomerezeka. Matenda a chikasu. Kutalika konse kwa mbalameyo ndi masentimita 55-60. Thupi lawo ndi lalikulu, lili ndi mapiko autali ndi mchira. Mawu awo amveka mokweza.
Mu chithunzi, gyrfalcon wakuda
Zojambula ndi malo a gyrfalcon
Mbalameyi imakonda madera ozizira. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti amatchulidwanso mbalame ya gyrfalcon tundra. Madera otentha kwambiri a Arctic ndi subarctic a North America, Asia ndi Europe ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri gyrfalcons. Altai, Tien Shan, Greenland ndi Commander Islands ali ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zokongola izi.
Kufikira nyengo yachisanu mbalame ya gyrfalcon osankhidwa kum'mwera. Koma pali mbalame zokhazikika pakati pawo. Amakhala makamaka ku Greenland, Lapland ndi Taimyr. Amakhala komwe amakhalako m'nkhalango-tundra, komanso m'tchire. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zosunthika zosunthika.
Mwachitsanzo, ma gyrfalcons apakati ku Asia amatsikira m'chigwa cha mapiri. Mbalamezi ndizofala ku Far East ku Russian Federation. Gawo lakumwera kwa chigawo cha Magadan ndi zigawo zakumpoto za Kamchatka, amasankha malo okhala, ndipo kumapeto amadzabweranso. Pachifukwachi, anthu amatcha gyrfalcon goose host.
Mapiko a gyrfalcon ali pafupifupi 135 cm.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame gyrfalcon
Mbalame zazikulu izi zimakhala ndi ulesi. Samadandaula za nyumba yawo ndipo samadandaula kaganizidwe kakang'ono ka zomangamanga. Nthawi zambiri, zisa za akhwangwala, ziwombankhanga zagolide ndi chiwombankhanga zimakhala pothawirapo pabwino kwa iwo. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zisa zopitilira chimodzi, motero aliyense amakhala wokhutitsidwa ndipo palibe mavuto.
Chofunikira pakusankha nyumba ya ma gyrfalcons ndikuyenda kwakanokha komanso kusapezeka kwa oyandikana nawo. Pambuyo pakuwoloka gawo lopambana pachaka, mbalame zimayamba zochitika zawo kufunafuna awiri awo, kenako, pamodzi ndi izi, zimachita ndi vuto la kubereka.
Mu chithunzi chisa cha girfalcon ndi anapiye
Mizere yamiyala kapena timiyala tating'ono ndi malo oyenera kwambiri kupangira ma gyrfalcons. Nyumba yawo simakhala yabwino komanso yazitali. Chimawoneka chofatsa, ndi moss pansi, nthenga kapena udzu wouma.
Chifukwa choti mbalameyo imakhala yayikulu komanso zisa zake ndi zazikulu. Kutalika kwa chisa cha gyrfalcon ndi pafupifupi mita 1, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 0.5 m. Pakhalapo zochitika pamene mibadwo ingapo ya mbalamezi inkakhala zisa zotere. Ili ndi limodzi la zinthu zosangalatsa pankhani ya gyrfalcon.
Kuyambira kale kwambiri, girfalcons adakhala amtengo wapatali ngati othandizira mwanzeru pakasaka. Izi sizinali zaluso, koma kwambiri ngati mwambo wamafashoni, ofanana ndi mipira ndi mgonero wamadzulo. Kukhala ndi gyrfalcon kumawonedwa ngati kwamtundu komanso kwachilendo kwa ambiri.
Ma gyrfalcons amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira kusaka
Ndi chithandizo chake, mwini wakeyo adayesetsa kuyimirira pakati pa ena. White gyrfalcon nthawi zonse yapatsidwa zokonda zapadera. Kuti apeze chilankhulo wamba pakukambirana ndikukwaniritsa mgwirizano, ma girfalcons adabwera ngati mphatso.
Ndipo mu nthawi ya kulamula kwa ma sweas ku Russia kunalinso mawonekedwe otere - falconer. Malo omwe mbalamezi zimasungidwa amatchedwa krechatny. Masiku ano, kusaka kwamtunduwu kumatsitsidwanso, koma kukuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Ambiri amati chifukwa cha kusaka koteroko, mizimu yamphamvu imabweranso, zenizeni zenizeni za munthu wa ku Russia amadzuka.
Chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa mbalame ya gyrfalcon amawonetsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zake zonse. Simungathe kuziona mozama. Kupatula apo, iye ndiye wophunzitsidwa bwino wazikhalidwe zambiri zomwe ziyenera kukhala zokhala mwa cholengedwa chilichonse chodzilemekeza.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mitundu ina ya mbalame ndi zinyama zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za gyrfalcon. Ali ndi njira yofanana yosaka monga abodza onse. Amaona yemwe wawazunza kuchokera kumwamba, amagwa pansi mwachangu ndikumamatira ndi zopindika zawo. Amapha nyama yawo nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa amaluma mutu ndi mlomo ndikumudyera khosi. Amagwira mbalame mlengalenga. Ngati sangathe kuthana nawo mlengalenga, amagwera pansi ndikutsiriza ntchito yomwe adayambitsa.
Kwambiri, ma gyrfalcons amakonda mapanga oyenda pansi, oyenda panyanja, obisika, ndi nyama zazing'ono zazitali. Ma voles, hares, gopher, nawonso, amawonongedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi ma gyrfalcons, akangowonekera m'maso mwawo. Pali nthawi zina pamene mbalame izi sizinyansidwa ndi zovunda. Izi ndizosowa, koma zimachitika.
Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Ma gyrfalcons amapeza peyala kamodzi. Zachikazi sizivuta kumanga chisa. Kuti muchite izi, mwala womwe umayikidwa pathanthwe umasankhidwa, ndipo chisa chimayikidwapo kale kuchokera ku udzu, mbewa ndi nthenga.
Nthawi zina, monga tanena kale, akambuku aganyu amagwiritsa ntchito zisa za anthu ena. Amatha kukhala mchisa chimodzi kwa zaka zingapo. Kwa nthawi yofananira imapeza mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri ndikukula pang'ono. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, gyrfalcons amatha kubereka ana.
Nthawi yakukhwima, amatha kuyikira mazira 1 mpaka 5. Alinso oposa bokosi lofananira ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 60. Akazi okha ndi amene amaswa mazira. Wamphongo panthawiyi amatenga nkhawa zonse za iye. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, anapiye amasiya chisa cha kholo, ndipo pambuyo pa anayi amayamba kudzilamulira okha.
Zojambulidwa ndi anapiye a gyrfalcon mu chisa
A Gyrfalcons amakhala zachilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 20. Gulani mbalame ya gyrfalcon osati ophweka. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kwambiri komanso chinthu chamtengo wapatali. Kugulitsa ndikugula kumayesedwa ngati mlandu boma ndipo ndikulangidwa pansi pazolembedwa zonse zamalamulo. Mtengo wa mbalame za gyrfalcon amayamba kuchokera 500 madola.
Kufotokozera
Chachikulu kwambiri mwa chabodza. Mapikowo ali pafupifupi masentimita 120 mpaka 1355 ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 55-60 cm.Chikazi chimakhala chachikulu kuposa chachimuna, kulemera kwake kumafikira 2 kg, kulemera kwamphongo ndizoposa 1 kg. Physique ndi yayikulu, ma tarsels amakhala ndi 2/3 ya kutalika, mapiko ndiwotalika komanso owala, mchira wake ndiwotalika.
Mtundu wa gyrfalcon waku Siberi ndi wopepuka (wopepuka kuposa Lapland gyrfalcon), koma wosinthika: kuyambira mtundu wa bulauni mpaka pafupifupi oyera pamwamba, mbali yamkati imayera ndi mawonekedwe amdima. Mzere wakuda pakamwa wodulidwa ("masharubu") uli wosaoneka. Pamlomo, ngati ma falcons onse, dzino lodziwika bwino. Mathumba achikasu. Kuthamanga kothamanga kwambiri, pambuyo poyenda pang'ono mbalame imathamangira kutsogolo, sichikuwuluka. Gyrfalcon wakhala pansi wowongoka.
Gyrfalcon imafanana ndi peregrine falcon, koma yayikulu ndipo imakhala ndi mchira wautali. Mawu ndi ofanana ndi mawu a peregrine falcon, koma coarser ndi m'munsi: hoarse "kyak-kyak-kyak" kapena "kek-kek-kek" yayitali. Chapakatikati chimatha kupanga bata komanso kutalika kwambiri. Mapiri akum'mwera - Altai gyrfalcon, omwe akatswiri ambiri amawaganizira kuti mtundu wa subsaker kapena morph wa Saker Falcon - umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri.
Kufalitsa
Madera ozizira kwambiri a Arctic ndi subarctic a ku Europe, Asia ndi North America, malo ena apadera amapezeka ku Altai, Sayan, chapakati (mwina chakum'mawa) Tien Shan. Malo omwe ali kumpoto kwambiri ali ku Greenland ku 82 ° 15 's. w. ndi 83 ° 45 ', akum'mwera kwambiri, kupatula mapiri a Asia-apakati Scandinavia, Commander Islands (Bering Island, pafupifupi 55 ° N). Mu nyengo yozizira, mpaka pafupifupi 60 ° C. w. onse mkati. America, Asia, Europe, aliyense payekha ndi kumwera.
Kuchepetsa zinthu
Ma gyrfalcons amawonongeka chifukwa cha kupha anthu, ndipo ku North komanso misampha, makamaka kwa nsomba za arctic: mu misempha ya Taimyr ya nkhandwe za ku arctic imayikidwa poyera, pamiyala yachilengedwe komanso yokumba. Ngati alibe zida zoteteza, agiriki osamukira ku tundra kugwa, gwiritsani ntchito zida zowukira, kugwera mumsampha ndikufa. M'malo osaka awiri okha ku Western Taimyr okhala ndi malo pafupifupi 2,000 km² mu Novembala-Disembala 1980-1981. Zabodza 12 zidawonongeka mu misampha ya arctic.
Kusaka kwa Grisfalcon
Mu Middle Ages, gyrfalcons amadziwika kwambiri ngati mbalame zakusaka pa falconry (onani Falcons) ndipo sitima yapadera ya ma gyrfalcons amatumizidwa ndi boma ku Denmark chaka chilichonse ku Denmark.
Ma gyrfalcons amagwira ngati mbalame zosaka, agawidwa kukhala oyera K. (Falco candicans, groenlandicus) - yabwino kwambiri komanso yofunikira kwambiri, Icelandic K. (F. Islandicus), Chiorussia kapena wamba ("imvi") K. (F. hyrfalco) ndi wofiyira K. (F. Sacer) - adayamikiridwa kwambiri m'maiko aku Middle East, komanso ku France, England ndi kusaka kwa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, komwe adawumba ku Arkhangelsk Bay. ndi ku Siberia. Mbawala zamtundu wa mbalame zosaka zouluka kwambiri (haut-vol), ndipo zimaponyedwa pansi kuti zizigwira - "zimamenya" kuchokera kumtunda, nthawi zina zimagwira ndi zikhadabo zake ndikuzitenga ndi iyo kapena kungoyipha ndi mphamvu yotulutsa gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 3895 ]. Pazifukwa izi, ma falcons amakulitsidwa ku malo odziwitsa ana ku Russia, ku Russia malo oterewa amapezeka kumalo osungirako a Galichya Gora.
Osaka
Kugwira mbalameyi, yomwe imatumizidwa kunja, ndiyotchuka ku Russia; mtengo wa mbalame imodzi ndi $ 30,000 m'misika yakunja. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Article 258.1) imapereka zaka mpaka 4 m'ndende chifukwa chogwira ndi kugulitsa ma gyrfalcons ndi mbalame zina za Red Book, komanso chindapusa chachikulu cha oyang'anira.
Mawonekedwe
Mapiko a gyrfalcon ndi 120-135 cm ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 55-60.ikazi ndi yayikulu ndipo imalemera kawiri kuposa yamphongo: kulemera kwamphongo ndi pang'ono kuposa 1000 g, zazikazi zimakhala pafupifupi 1500-2000 g. mafupa pakati pa mwendo ndi zala) amathandizidwa pa 2/3 ya kutalika, mchirawo ndi wautali.
Mtundu wa ma gyrfalcons ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri, motero polymorphism imawonetsedwa. Zowonjezerazo ndi zokutira, zokhazikika, mu mtundu zimatha kukhala imvi, zofiirira, zasiliva, zoyera, zofiira. Mtundu wakuda nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikazi. Mabungwe akum'mwera ndi amdima. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maula opepuka a bulauni, ndipo mimba yawo yoyera imatha kukongoletsedwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe. Mzere wakuda pakamwa wodulidwa ("masharubu") mu gyrfalcon sinafotokozedwe bwino. Throat ndi masaya oyera. Maso nthawi zonse amakhala amdima ndi mawonekedwe owoneka kwambiri. Kutali, pamwamba pa mbalame zachikulire kumawoneka zakuda, pansi ndi koyera, ndipo gyrfalcon yaying'ono imawoneka yakuda pamwambapa komanso pansi. Matako a mbalame ndi achikaso.
Ndizosangalatsa! Gyrfalcon amapeza mtundu womaliza wachikulire pomatha zaka 4-5.
Kuuluka kwawo kumathamanga, pambuyo povula pang'ono gyrfalcon imatenga mwachangu liwiro ndikuwuluka mwachangu mtsogolo. Mukafuna kuthamangitsa munthu wovutikayo komanso kutsika pansi kuchokera pamtunda, imatha kuthamanga mpaka mamita 100 pa sekondi. Chochititsa chidwi: chimakwera osati mowonekera, koma mowongoka. Kuguba ndikosowa, nthawi zambiri pamene kusaka kumagwiritsa ntchito kukwera ndi kuwuluka, nthawi zambiri kumakhala poyera komanso mwachindunji m'malo okwezeka mu tundra. Liwu lofuula.
Zochita ndi moyo
Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikusaka masana. Wozunzidwa amadziwika kuti amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi iye: kilomita yochulukirapo. Akasaka, amakwawa ndi mwala kuchokera pamwamba, ndikuugwira ndi zikhadabo zake ndikuluma khosi lake. Ngati sizingatheke kupha wogwidwayo mlengalenga, girfalcon imalowa pansi pansi, pomwe imamaliza. Awiri girfalcons, kunja kwa nthawi ya nesting, kusaka kulikonse palokha, koma kuti angaiwale mnzawo.
Pokhala nesting, amasankha magombe am'nyanja ndi zilumba, mitsinje ndi zigwa zokhala ndi mathithi, nthiti kapena nkhalango zam'mapiri, mapiri a tundra mpaka 1300 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Zoweta m'malo ovuta kufikirako, zimapewa anthu. Chofunikira kwambiri pakusankha malo okhala ndi kupezeka komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito nyama zamtunduwu kwa nthawi yayitali posaka nyama. Gyrfalcon yoyera ku Iceland amadziwika kuti ndiye wofunika kwambiri. Anali chizindikiro cha kutchuka komanso mphamvu, makamaka kum'mwera, ndipo si aliyense amene anali kuloledwa kukhala ndi mbalame zotere. Lero ali pachiwopsezo chambiri kuchokera kuzembe.
Kodi gyrfalcon imakhala ndi ndalama zingati?
Kungoyambira pokhapokha atakhala ndi mapiko, malinga ndi maphunziro a zamankhwala am'mimba, mpaka imfa yachilengedwe, nyama yokhala ndi zotsalazo imatha kukhala zaka 20. Moyo wa ma girfalcons ogwidwa amatha kukhala waufupi, makamaka ngati mbalameyo idatengedwa atakula. Njira yowongolera gyrfalcon komanso sizinasiyane ndi chifundo chapadera. Ali mu ukapolo, girfalcons samaswana, chifukwa sakupeza okha magawo oyenera, chifukwa chake mbalame ikamwalira, mlenje amangodzigulira watsopano, kuyala nyambo, ndipo zonsezo zinayambanso.
Habitat, malo okhala gyrfalcon
Titha kunena kuti mbalameyi ikusinthira kumalo omwe amakonda. Mitundu ina imasamukira, koma ina sifunikira kuyendayenda, ndipo imakhala munkhalango-tundra ndi strip nkhalango.
Kugawidwa kumadera a kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kwa Asia, Europe ndi North America. Mitundu ina imakhala ku Altai ndi Tien Shan. Malo omwe ali kumpoto kwambiri komwe ma gyrfalcon amawonekera ndi Greenland pa 82 ° 15 ′. w. ndi 83 ° 45'a, chakumwera kwambiri, kupatula malo am'mapiri a Asia - pakati Scandinavia, Bering Island, pafupifupi 55 ° c. w. Imatha kusuntha pang'ono kuchokera kumalire a mapiri kupita kuchigwa.
Mbalamezi ndizofala ku Far East ku Russia.. Pokhala nesting, amasankha zigawo zakumpoto za Kamchatka ndi gawo lakumwera kwa Magadan, ndipo kasupe amabwerera. Pachifukwa ichi, gyrfalcon imatchedwa "goose host". Makonda omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri pa gyrfalcon ndi mizere yamiyala ikupereka chiwonetsero chabwino cha gawo. Pa gombe lakumpoto kwa Scandinavia Peninsula, gyrfalcon imakhazikika pamiyala pamodzi ndi magulu ena a mbalame zina.
Imatha kuuluka mtunda ndikuyenda panyanja kukafunafuna madzi oundana. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zazing'ono zokhala ndi zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zimawulukira kumwera kukafunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, ma gyrfalcons amawoneka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumapiri ndi m'malo olima, ndipo kumapeto kumayambira kumpoto. Ma girfalcons aku Europe amayendayenda nthawi yozizira, Greenland nthawi zina nthawi yozizira ku Iceland, ndipo nthawi zina amapitabe kumwera.
Zakudya za Gyrfalcon
Gyrfalcon ndi nyama yolusa, ndipo imakonda kudya nyama yamagazi ofunda: mbalame, makoswe, ndi nyama zazing'ono. Uyu ndi mlenje waluso, ndipo monga lamulo, palibe chipulumutso kwa amene akufuna. Njira yosaka ya gyrfalcon ndi yofanana ndi yabodza lina. Amapukusa mapiko ake, mwachangu ndikukhoterera ndikugwera pamwambapo kuchokera pamwamba, amagwiritsitsa ziguduli zake ndikudzipha nthawi yomweyo.
Tsiku lililonse, gyrfalcon imadya nyama pafupifupi 200 g. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndizoyera ndi tundra. Amasakanso atsekwe, mbewa, ma skuas, oyenda panyanja, abakha, ndi ma edolo. Ngakhaleikhozi zimalandira choloŵa chake - zonse polar, tundra, ndi nkhalango. Gyrfalcon sangafuna kudya phwando, ndimu, gofu, vole.
Ndizosangalatsa! Lamulo losalembedwa lachilengedwe silimalola gyrfalcon kuukira mbalame m'dera la nyumba yake, kapena kwa abale ena. Malo osaka ndi malo osungira nyama iliyonse ya gyrfalcons amasungidwa ndikutetezedwa kwa alendo osapikisana nawo.
Nthawi zina nyama yake ikagwidwa imakhala nsomba, nthawi zina anthu ochulukirapo. Nthawi zambiri, pakalibe chakudya china, amatha kudya zovalazo.Gyrfalcon imadzinyamula yokha, ndikuikankha, kuipukusa pafupi ndi chisa ndikuidya, ndipo zotsalira - masikelo, mafupa ndi nthenga zazing'ono - burp. Komabe, iye samakonza zinda zam'mimba mu chisa chake. Ukhondo umalamulira pamenepo. Ndipo nyama inkabweretsa kuti anapiyewo, azimayiwo akumwetulira ndi misozi kunsi kwa chisa.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Wapakati pazomera za gyrfalcon pafupifupi awiriawiri m'dera la 100 km 2. Gyrfalcon imakula pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo ndipo pofika m'badwo uwu ipeza kale wokwatirana naye. Mbalame ya monogamous. Mgwirizanowu udapangidwira moyo, mpaka imfa ya m'modzi mwa olandirana.
Awiriwa asakonde kupotoza chisa chawo, koma kuti azikhala ndi khungubwe, chiwombankhanga chagolide kapena khwangwala ndi kumangapo. Kapenanso amakonza chisa pakati pa miyala, patsinde, pakati pa miyala, kuyika udzu, nthenga ndi moss pamenepo. Malowa amasankhidwa osatsika ndi 9 metres kuchokera pansi.
Zisa za gyrfalcons zimatha kukhala zazitali mita mpaka mita kuya. Gyrfalcons nthawi zambiri amabwerera kumalo osungira zinyalala chaka ndi chaka. Pali milandu yodziwika yotuluka kwa ana a mibadwo yambiri ya ma gyrfalcons mu chisa chomwecho. Mu mwezi wa Febere ndi Marichi, madamu matching amayamba pa ma gyrfalcons, ndipo mu Epulo wamkazi amatayika mazira - amodzi nthawi imodzi masiku atatu aliwonse. Mazira ndi ang'ono, pafupifupi kukula kofanana ndi nkhuku, iliyonse imalemera pafupifupi 60. Mu clutch pali mazira 7 oyera oyera okhala ndi mawanga.
Zofunika! Mosasamala kuti ndi mazira angati omwe adayikidwapo, ndi anapiye atatu okha mwamphamvu omwe adzapulumuka.
Zachikazi zokha zimasungira mazira, zazimuna pakadali pano zimasaka ndikumubweretsera chakudya. Nthawi yomenyera ndi masiku 35. Nthochi zimabadwa, zophimbidwa mu beige, zoyera kapena zopepuka za imvi fluff. Mbewuzo zikafika mwamphamvu pang'ono komanso mokulira ,ikazi imayambanso kusaka ana, kuzisiya kwakanthawi kochepa. Amayi ndi abambo amabweretsa nyama chisacho, ndikuziphwanya ndi kudyetsa anapiye.
Gyrfalcon ndi mbalame yolimba mtima modabwitsa, sichitha kuchoka m'chisa, ngakhale ngati mdani wamkulu atayandikira, koma adzaukira wogwira, kuteteza ana. Mwana wakhanda akamalowerera anapiyewo ndikusinthidwa ndi zochulukirapo, makolowo amayamba kuwaphunzitsa kuuluka ndi kusaka. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi masabata 7-8 amoyo a anapiye. Pofika mwezi wa 4 - uwu ndi pakati komanso kutha kwa chilimwe - kulumikizana ndi makolo kumafooketsa ndikutha, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe
Mdani ulipo pamlingo wofanana pokhapokha ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Mbalame zina zonse zimamuletsa, kapena, kutanthauza, sizingayerekeze mphamvu zawo ndi iye, ngakhale chiwombankhanga sichimalimba mtima kuti chisagwerere kapena chotsutsa. Ndipo titha kunena chiyani za mbalame ngati gyrfalcons adagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka mbawala ndi mbewa.
Zowopsa zambiri kwa anthu a gyrfalcon zimayamba chifukwa cha munthu. M'mibadwo yonse, anthu adayesera kutenga fanizo la mbalame yodya nyama kuti apeze wothandizira kusaka. Mukuchita izi, ma girfalcons ambiri, achichepere ndi achikulire, ndi akazi mu chisa, omwe adasiya wopanda wowagulira chakudya ndipo osatha kusiya ana kwa mphindi, adawonongeka.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso udindo wawo
Pakadali pano, ndi zigawo zocheperako chikwi zokha zomwe zimakhala ku Russia. Izi ndizachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kukufotokozedwa ndi zochita za akazembe. Mbalame imodzi imatha kudula mpaka madola 30,000, ndipo pali mafani ambiri amadziko lina: nthawi zonse idakhala yotchuka ku East ndipo ibwerera ku West.
Zofunika! Ma gyrfalcons ambiri amawonongeka ndi ngozi yopanda pake mumisampha yoyakira nyama ya miyendo inayi - mavu, nkhandwe za arctic, nkhandwe.
Njira zoyesera zopewera mbalame yonyada, yolimba ndi manja osalowa manja nthawi zambiri imatha pomwalira ndi matenda omwe amakhala otetezeka kwa anthu, koma kwa iwo girfalcon ilibe chitetezo chachilengedwe - ngakhale mwachilengedwe izi zokhala ndi ziwonetsero zambiri sizimadwala.
Kuyambira kalekale, azungu ndi mafumu okha ndi omwe angakhale ndi mbalame zotere. Ndikothekanso kuwononga gyrfalcon munthawi yathu, koma mbalameyo imazindikira kuti munthu ndiye mwini wake waufulu. Ndipo ndichachilengedwe kwambiri kuti gyrfalcon ikhale m'chilengedwe, ndipo osati kusangalatsa anthu.
Mawu a Grisfalcon
Phokoso la mbalame ya gyrfalcon limafanana ndi liu la peregrine falcon, koma limakhala lotsika komanso lofanana. Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi mbalameyi limamveka ndi munthu ngati "kyak-kyak" kapena "kek-kek" yowonjezera. Popeza tayang'ana zithunzi ndi makanema ndi gyrfalcon, tikuyamba kumvetsetsa kuti mu kasupe mbalamezi zimatulutsa phokoso komanso phokoso lokwera.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Gyrfalcon imatsogolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikusaka kokha masana. Amawona yemwe akuzunzidwayo, amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi iye, womwe uli mtunda woposa kilomita. Popita kusaka, mbalame yokhala ndi mbeeyi imadumphira m'mwamba kuchokera kumtunda, kwinaku ikuluma mikono yake ndikuluma khosi la wovulalayo. Ngati sizotheka kupha wozunzidwayo mlengalenga, pomwepo girfalcon imalowa pansi, pomwe imamaliza. Awiri a ma gyrfalcons, kunja kwa nthawi ya nesting, amatha kusaka iliyonse payokha, koma kuti asayiwale mkazi.
Mbalame zazikulu izi zimakhala ndi ulesi. Samadandaula za chisa chawo ndipo nthawi zambiri samangokhala ndi nkhawa poganiza za kapangidwe kake. Nthawi zambiri, zisa za akhwangwala, ziwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide zimakhala pothawirapo kwabwino kwa ma girfalcons. Mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi zisa zoposa chimodzi, chifukwa chake aliyense adzakhuta ndipo sipadzakhala kusamvana pakati pawo.
Chofunikira pakusankha chisa cha gyrfalcon ndikuyenda kwakanthawi komanso kusowa kwa oyandikana nawo. Kuyambira pa zaka za moyo, mbalamezi zimayamba kufunafuna wokwatirana naye, kenako zimaswana limodzi ndi izo.
Chifukwa chakuti mbalame zamtunduwu ndizazikulu zokha, zisa zake ndizambiri. Danga la chisa limatha kukhala mita imodzi, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamita 0.5. Zimachitika pomwe mibadwo ingapo ya ma gyrfalcons ikhala mu zisa.
Kuyambira nthawi zakale, gyrfalcon yakhala yofunikira ngati othandizira panzeru pakusaka. Izi sizinali zongolimbitsa thupi, koma zimawonedwa ngati miyambo yachikhalidwe, ngati mipira ndi phwando la chakudya chamadzulo. Kukhala ndi gyrfalcon mnyumba mwanu panthawiyo kunali koyenera komanso kosamveka.
Mitundu wamba ya gyrfalcon
- Girfalcon yaku Norway nthawi zambiri imakhazikika ku Lapland, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera komanso ku Scandinavia. Mwambiri, gyrfalcon ndi mbalame yosamukira, koma kuweruza kumeneku nkoona pang'ono. Kutengera ndi malo okhala, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kukhazikika. Anthu okhala kudera lakumpoto, monga nthumwi za olamulira achifumu ku Norse, nthawi zambiri amakonda kupita kum'mwera nthawi yamvula ikayamba kuzizira. Pokhudzana ndi nyengo yozizira iyi, mbalamezi zimatha kuwonedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana a Central Europe, nthawi zina ngakhale kumadera akum'mwera kwa kontrakitala iyi.
- Ural gyrfalcon, yomwe ndi yokulirapo kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu, imagawidwa kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Nthawi inayake pachaka, mbalameyi imatha kusamukira kudera lina. Mwachitsanzo, ma gyrfalcons amtunduwu adawonedwa kumwera kwa Altai, m'chigawo cha Baikal, ndipo ngakhale kumadera a Baltic. Mbalamezi zimasiyana ndi mitundu ya ku Norwe mu mtundu wopepuka wa maula wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthika.
- White gyrfalcon ku Middle Ages nthawi yanthawi yotchuka ya falconry inali mtundu wamtengo wapatali kwambiri womwe udasankhidwa kuti ukhale wokongola. Kenako mbalamezi zinali mphatso yoyenera ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa atsogoleri otchuka ankhondo ndi olamulira munthawi yakusagwirizana ndale kuti akwaniritse mtendere, kumvetsetsa komanso kukhazikika. Kwambiri, ma gyrfalcons amapezeka kumpoto komanso m'malo ozizira. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti ali ndi maula oyera oyera ngati chipale.
- Grey gyrfalcon ndi mbalame yomwe imakonda kupezeka kum'mawa kwa Siberia. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ya Ural pokhapokha pazinthu zopanda mawonekedwe, makamaka zimakhala ndi zolemba zochepa pathupi. Ngakhale oimira wamkulu kwambiri mwa mitundu iwiriyi samasiyana.
- Altai gyrfalcon ndi mtundu wa mbalame zam'mapiri zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa. Mbalameyi imapezeka kumwera kuposa abale. Kuphatikiza pa Altai, gyrfalcons oterewa amapezeka m'mapiri a Tien Shan, Tarbagatai ndi Sayan. Nkhani za kuyendayenda kwa mbalamezi kupita ku Turkmenistan, Mongolia ndi ku Siberia. Mtundu wa mbalame zotere ndi wofanana kwambiri kuposa wa abale, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri: yopepuka komanso yamdima.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Gyrfalcon imakhala m'malo ozizira, chifukwa chake mbalameyi si pachabe imatchulidwanso kuti tundra.
Madera otentha kwambiri a Arctic ndi subarctic a North America, Asia ndi Europe ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri gyrfalcons.
Zisanu ngati gyrfalcon kum'mwera.
Pakati pa ma gyrfalcons palinso mbalame zomwe zimangokhala. Amakhala makamaka ku Lapland, Greenland ndi Taimyr. Amakhala komwe amakhala kudera lotchedwa tundra zone, komanso nkhalango. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zosunthika zosunthika.
Muli ndi zakudya zopezeka m'thupi
Mbalame zina ndi zinyama zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya ndi zakudya za gyrfalcon. Njira yawo yosaka ikufanana ndi ya oimira ena a banja la falcon. Amaona ozunza wawo kuchokera kumwamba, amagwa pansi mwachangu ndikumamatira ndi zopindika zawo. Amapha nyama yawo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo chifukwa cha mbalameyo imaluma mutu wake ndi mulomo ndipo imathyola khosi. Amagwira mbalame mlengalenga. Ngati sizingatheke kuchita izi mlengalenga, ndiye kuti girfalcon imatsikira pansi ndikumaliza ntchito yomwe yayamba.
Kumvetsetsa zomwe gyrfalcon imadya, ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti mbalameyi imakonda magawo ena, mbalame zoyenda pansi ndi nkhanu. Makoko, ma voles ndi agologolo pansi nawonso amawonongeka pomwepo ndi mbalame zotere, zitangowonekera m'munda wamasomphenya. Zimachitika pamene mbalame zotere sizipeputsa kunyongedwa. Koma sizichitika kawirikawiri.
ZONSE ZABWINO
Chakudya chomwe mumakonda cha gyrfalcon ndi choyera komanso tundra. M'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, amadya mbewa, mafunde, atsekwe, ma eel ndi abakha. Mbalameyo imangodikirira nyama, ikukhala pathanthwe kapena pamtengo. Poona nyama, girfalcon imaphwanya ndikumenya.
Gyrfalcon ndi mbalame yolimba kwambiri yomwe ingathamangitse wogwira mpaka kilomita imodzi. Kadzidzi, mbalame za m'madzi zotchedwa seagull ndi skuas zimayesa kuthawa girfalcon, ndikukwera kumtunda waukulu kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri ma gyrfalcons amasaka awiriawiri, amasinthana kusewera nawo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zam'misewu zikacheperachepera, magulu awiri azikwanje amasokosera tchire, akuyembekeza kuthamangitsa gawo lawo pamenepo. Gyrfalcon imatenga nyama yogwidwayo kupita nayo ku chisa kapena komwe ikayang'ana, komwe imang'ambika ndikuidya. Zotsalira, monga nthenga ndi mafupa omwe m'mimba sangathe kugaya, burp.
Ma gyrfalcons omwe amakhala mu tundra amathanso kulamula paemmings, agologolo pansi ndi maresi oyera, ndipo ngakhale am'madzi ndi nsomba zambiri zimagwidwa munyengo yamvula. Mu zaka zokhala ndi magawo ochepa, mbalamezi sizikhala ndi chisa, motero mu zaka zingapo kuchuluka kwa ma gyrfalcons kumasiyana.
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Gyrfalcon amakhala kumadera osawoneka ngati mapiri a Arctic pafupi ndi Arctic Circle. Amapezekanso m'malo otentha kwambiri - ku tundra ndi kunja kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe zodziwika bwino.
Zithunzi zokongola za gyrfalcon ndizowongolera zamiyala zomwe zimapatsa mbalameyo kuwona malo. Pa gombe lakumpoto kwa Scandinavia Peninsula, gyrfalcon imakhazikika pamiyala pamodzi ndi magulu ena a mbalame zina. Ma gyrfalcons aku Europe amayendayenda nthawi yozizira.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame zazing'ono zokhala ndi zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zimapita kumwera kukafunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, ma gyrfalcons amawoneka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumapiri komanso kumadera olima, ndipo kumapeto kumayambira kumpoto. Greenland gyrfalcons nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira ku Iceland, ndipo nthawi zina imawulukira kumwera. Wapakati pazomera za gyrfalcon pafupifupi awiriawiri m'dera la 100 km 2.
Kufalitsa
Mu Januware-February, ma girfalcons achimuna amayamba kuwonetsa kusalolera kwa opikisana nawo. Amuna nthawi yozizira kum'mwera amabwerera kumalo awo okhalamo mu February kapena March. Mbalame zimapanga magulu awiriawiri ndikuyamba kuvina mokhazikika pamwambamwamba, miyala ikugwera pansi komwe idasankhidwira chisa. Wamkazi amayikira mazira pamwala wosakhazikika pathanthwe kapena pakati pa miyala. Nthawi zina mbawala zam'madzi zimakhala pam mitengo italiitali, ikukhala zisa zopanda kanthu za akhwangwala. M'mwezi wa Epulo, masiku atatu aliwonse, wamkazi amaikira dzira limodzi aliyense, kenako amatentherera, ndipo champhongo chimamubweretsera chakudya. Amayi amateteza ana ake mwachangu ndi chimfine, ndipo bambo amasaka. Akapolowo akayamba kulimba, zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimayamba kuwuluka kukafunafuna chakudya. Zabodza izi zimadzetsa chisa chisa, zimang'amba zidutswa ndikupereka anapiye. Ngakhale kuti zazikazi nthawi zina zimayikira mazira asanu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ana awiri kapena atatu mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pa mapiko amakhala mwezi ndi theka.
MALANGIZO OGULITSIRA
Bodza lalikulu kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwa akazi kuli mpaka 2 kg, mapiko ndi 135 masentimita 135. Amakhazikika ndi chisa m'mphepete mwa miyala, mu tundra ndi m'nkhalango-tundra. Ziweto zimamangidwa m'makola amiyala, mumiyala yamatayala, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu osawadziwa - akhungubwe, akhwangwala. Ikani mazira 3-4 omwe achikazi amadzimbira. Tsitsi limakula mwachangu ndipo pakatha miyezi 1.5 imatha kuuluka. Ma gyrfalcons amadyetsa ndi kupatsa anapiye ndi mandimu, mavu ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito nyama zamtunduwu kwa nthawi yayitali posaka nyama.
M'masiku a Kievan Rus ndi dziko la Moscow, ma girfalcons anali katundu okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse la Russia, ndipo ndi mafumu okha ndi azungu omwe amatha kukhala ndi ma gyrfalcons oyera. Ngakhale pakadali pano, pagombe la Black Sea ku Gagauzia, zinziri zokhala ndi zinziri zimasakidwa, ndipo ku Central Asia zimasaka nyama yayikulu ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Koma nthawi zonse panthawi yamabodza, kusaka ma gyrfalcons anali kuyamikiridwa kwambiri, makamaka ndi maula oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa.
DZIWANI IZI:
- Ma gyrfalcons amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kugwira herons ndi cranes - mbalame zomwe samazisaka mwachilengedwe.
- Chifukwa cha kuwuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mapiko, gyrfalcon imawoneka yocheperako kuposa peregrine falcon, koma ndikauluka yunifolomu imayamba kuthamanga kwambiri.
- Sokolniki anayamikira kwambiri kukongola kwa ma girfalcons oyera ngati chipale chofewa kuchokera ku gombe la Greenland. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbalamezi zasangalatsa akatswiri azachilengedwe, ojambula komanso ndakatulo. Amadziwika kuti Duke of Burgundy adagula mwana wake kuchokera ku ukapolo waku Turkey chifukwa cha ma gyrfalcons oyera 12.
- Chingwe chimatha kukhala ndi mtundu wina. Mu chisa chimodzi, anapiye otuwa amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi azungu.
- Gyrfalcon imawonedwa kwambiri ngati mbalame yosaka.
ZINSINSI ZA CHIKHALIDWE ZA CRACKET
Mlomo: Kumapeto kwa theka lakumtunda kuli dzino lanyanga, lodziwika ndi onse oimira angapo ngati-falcon kapena mbalame zodyedwa.
Mapaipi: kuchokera pafupifupi oyera-matalala (Greenland ndi Chukotka) mpaka taupe kapena grey (Scandinavia Peninsula). Pa chifuwa - ndondomeko ya lancet.
Mchira: wopangidwa ndi nthenga zazitali zazingwe.
Ndege: lalitali, mwachangu, ngakhale mayendedwe a mapiko amawoneka pang'onopang'ono komanso ofooka. Ndegeyo ikuwuluka ndikusuntha.
- Habitat wa gyrfalcon
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Gyrfalcon imapezeka m'malo ocheperako ku Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Greenland, Canada, Alaska ndi Siberia.
KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA
Sizothekanso kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa mbalame zamtunduwu chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa malo ake. Chiwerengerochi ndichachikulupo kuposa momwe zimaganizidwira kale. Ku North Europe kokha kuchokera pa 600 mpaka 1000 awiriawiri a chisa cha gyrfalcons.
Chatsopano kumene gyrfalcon. Kanema (00:04:11)
Kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, kuunguku kunawonekerako ku nazale. Poyambirira - gyrfalcon! Mwachiwonekere osati zakutchire, komanso osaka (popanda oyenda, samawulukira kukakamira). Atatha kuyang'anitsitsa, adasankha - ngati wosakanizidwa! Koma ntchentche. Ndinadutsa njira zanga ndi ma hybrid kangapo - zomwe ndimawona ngati zili zofunikira kuthawa - dongosolo lokhathamira lamphamvu kwambiri komanso mwachangu! Mokulira m'mwamba, kuchokera pamlingo, umasiya mamilimita 100, mzungu umakhala ngati wowombera pang'ono! Ndinaganiza zogwira (adawona mphete ija ndi ma binoculars), pofuna chidwi. Pamenepo panali! Sindinagone mwezi umodzi, ndinayesa misampha yonse - hrenushki! Zowona, atangolowa mu ukonde wokhazikika (pa kadzidzi), nkuthyolamo ndi zina zambiri - ayi, ayi! Pa nkhunda, kadzidzi, pa fundu lodyetsa, makoswe ndi mbewa. Mafanizo! Ndinayenera kutsatira njira yotsiriza! - apa: Galichya Gora
Gyrfalcon ndi grouse zomwe zilipo nthawi yozizira. Kanema (00:02:23)
Gyrfalcon ndiye falcon weniweni kwambiri, mbalame yotchuka kwambiri komanso yosakira kwambiri, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale.Zomwe zimadyera kwambiri ndi mbalame zazitali koma nthawi zambiri zoyera, popeza malire a malo awo amakhala pafupi ndi dera lomwe amagawikirako. Kum'mwera kwa taiga ndi sub-taiga strip, misonkhano ndi gyrfalcon imachitika pokhapokha nthawi yosamuka kapena kusamuka, mulimonsemo, kuti muwone, ndipo makamaka kuzijambula izi lat latini ndizopambana kwambiri, kapena, ngozi yosayembekezereka. Tidamuwona m'mphepete mwa munda, pomwe falcon anali kuyang'ana kwambiri akwatibwi akuda akuthamanga pansi. Kwa Novembala, kutuluka kwa mbalame ndi muyeso wotere ndipo kuchuluka kotereku sikutali kwachilendo. Tsopano, kuwonera makanema, sindikutayika kunena pamisonkhano iwiri iyi yomwe yakhala yofunika kwambiri komanso yosaiwalika.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Katswiriyu amakhala m'zigawo za Arctic ndi subarctic ku North Hemisphere. Gyrfalcon amakhala m'malo okwezeka a ku Eurasia ndi North America: m'mphepete mwa Arctic, mu tundra ndi m'nkhalango-tundra kupita kumalire a taiga. Munthawi yopanda nesting, gyrfalcon pa nomads imapezeka mkati mwa malo osambira komanso kumwera - mpaka kumunsi kwa steppe. Malo akuluakulu okhala gyrfalcon ndi m'miyala ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi zigwa zokhala ndi mabala, nthiti kapena nkhalango zachilumba, ndi mapiri a tundra.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Gyrfalcon ndiye wamkulu kwambiri mwa mabodza abodza mdziko lathu (mapiko a mapiko mpaka 1,6 m). Mitundu ya mbalamezi imasiyanasiyana kuyambira yoyera mpaka yakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira komanso loyera, wokhala ndi matalala osiyanasiyana. Akazi ndi okulirapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima kuposa amuna. Kukula kwa mbalame kuyambira kumadzulo mpaka kummawa kwa dzikolo kukukulira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo utoto wa mauniwo umawala. Mbalame zazing'ono ndi zofiirira, kuwonjezera apo, mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi zakale pamtundu wa maudzu awo: m'magulu akuluakulu amakhala akaso, achikulire - imvi.
Gyrfalcon pakuuluka
Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia
Chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse m'dziko lathu ndi pafupifupi awiriawiri, unyinji waukulu (pafupifupi awiriawiri) amakhala ku Kamchatka.
Kuchepa kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa ma gyrfalcons kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zisa, kulanda mosalamulirika ndikuchotsa anapiye chifukwa chabodza. Ndi chitukuko cha Kumpoto, kusokonezeka kwa ma gyrfalcons pamalo ochezera malo kukukhala kofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma gyrfalcons amagwera pansi pa kuwombera kwa akazitape ndi kufa mumisampha.
Falconry
Kuyambira Middle Ages, gyrfalcons akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa fosholo ndipo amadziwika kwambiri ngati mbalame zosaka. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zabodza sizinayambe zadyapo. M'malo mwake, mukhale ngati miyambo ndi mipira ndikuitanitsa phwando. Gyrfalcon inali mbalame yapamwamba kwambiri, chidwi chomwe mwiniwake angadzitame nacho ndikudziwika pakati pa ena. Pa tebulo la sukulu yaku Europe yakusaka, gyrfalcon yoyera imakhala malo oyamba.
Krechetov adaperekedwa ndi mphatso, kuyesa kukwaniritsa mgwirizano mu ubale. Ndipo ku khothi lachifumu ku Russia kunalinso udindo wapadera wa falconer. Malo omwe girfalcons adasungidwa amatchedwa krechatni.
Masiku ano, miyambo ya falconry ikukonzedwanso, koma mwanjira yatsopano. Ali ndi masewera othamanga, othamanga. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zabodza zamakono zimatha kusungira mitundu yachilengedwe ya mbalame zodyera komanso kubwezeretsanso tanthauzo logwirizana ndi chilengedwe mu moyo wa munthu waku Russia. Kupatula apo, ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe mungamve, pogwira dzanja lanu bwenzi lamphamvu, lanzeru!
Gulu
Ufumu: nyama (Animalia).
Mtundu: chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: mbalame (Aves).
Gulu: Falconiformes (Falconiformes).
Banja: Falcon (Falconidae).
Jenda: Falcon (Falco).
Onani: gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus).
