Korona yoyera (kapena Crane ya Siberian) - mbalame yomwe ndi ya banja la akhwawa ndi dongosolo la ma cran, ndipo pano amawoneka ngati mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamakhoti omwe amakhala ku Russia kokha.

Simungakumane naye kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mwina ndichifukwa chake kuyesa kotsogolera akatswiri azaku Russia kuti apulumutse mbalame yosowayi kunatsogozedwa mwachindunji ndi Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin. Ntchitoyi imatchedwa chi Greek "Chiyembekezo cha Chiyembekezo." Mpaka pano, Crane ya Siberian sikuti imangolembedwa mu Red Book, komanso imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Sterkh - Korona Woyeraomwe kukula kwake kumafika masentimita 160. Kulemera kwa akuluakulu kumachokera pa kilogalamu isanu mpaka isanu ndi iwiri ndi theka. Mapiko a mapiko nthawi zambiri amasiyana masentimita 220 mpaka 265. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa zazikazi ndipo amakhala ndi mulomo wautali.

Mtundu wa akakhola oyera (momwe mungaganizire ndi dzina la mbalameyo) ndi loyera kwambiri, mapiko ake amakhala ndi chimaliziro chakuda. Miyendo ndi mulomo ndi ofiira owala. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, womwe kenako umawala. Ziphuphu za diso la mbalame zimakonda kutumbulika chikasu kapena kufiyira.

Mlomo wa Cranes yaku Siberia imadziwika kuti ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa ena onse oimilira a banja lachi cran, kumapeto kwake komwe kulibe mawonekedwe a sawtooth. Mbali yakutsogolo ya mutu wa mbalamezi (kuzungulira maso ndi mlomo) mwamtheradi mulibe maula, ndipo nthawi zambiri khungu m'malo ano limakhala ndi tint yofiirira. Maso amwana wakubadwa ali ndi utoto wamtambo, womwe pang'onopang'ono umayamba kutembenukira chikasu patapita nthawi.

Zimapezeka zikwangwani zoyera ku Russiapopanda kukumana kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Zimagawidwa makamaka mdera la Komi Republic, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ndi Arkhangelsk Region, ndikupanga magulu awiri omwe ali okhaokha.

Ma Cranes a Siberia amachoka ku Russia kokha nthawi yachisanu, kuti gulu lankhondo zoyera kupanga maulendo ataliitali opita ku China, India ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. Oyimira anthuwa amakhala m'malo ozungulira madamu osiyanasiyana komanso m'madambo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa maudindo awo amatha kusinthika bwino pamadothi owoneka bwino.

White Crane House kupeza nokha ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa amakonda kukhala pakati pa nyanja ndi dambo, atazunguliridwa ndi khoma la nkhalango yosavomerezeka.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Mwa ena onse oimilira banja lachi cran, ndindende ya Siberia yomwe imadziwika ndi zofunika zapamwamba zomwe amapangira malo okhala. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake pakadali pano atatsala pang'ono kutha.

Ngakhale ndibwino kunena za kakhwawa oyera kuti mbalameyi imawoneka kuti ndi yamanyazi kwambiri ndipo imapewa kuyanjana ndi anthu, nthawi yomweyo imatha kukhala yankhanza kwambiri ngati paliwopseza mwachindunji kunyumba kapena moyo wake.

Korona yoyera pakuuluka

Sterkh amagwira ntchito pafupifupi tsiku lonse, osagona kuposa maola awiri, pomwe amayimirira mwendo umodzi, kubisala nthenga yachiwiri m'mimba mwake. Mutu nthawi yopuma imakhala mwachindunji pansi pa mapiko.

Popeza ma Cranes a ku Siberia ndi mbalame zosamalitsa, nthawi zambiri amasankha malo ogona pakati pa madzi, kutali ndi tchire ndi malo ena osungirako nyama omwe adani amawabisalira.

Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi zimakhala zotsogola kwambiri ndipo zimangogona maola ochepa patsiku, kukhala mtundu wa osewera pamtunda wosunthika (kutalika kwa ndege nthawi zambiri kumafika pamtunda wa makilomita sikisi), sikugwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi yachisanu, komanso usiku masiku amakonda kupuma.

Kulira Kwamiyala Yoyera wosiyana kwambiri ndi mamembala ena onse pabanjapo, ndipo ndi wautali, wamtali komanso wosadetsedwa.

Mverani kulira kwa kakhola oyera

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

M'malo okhala nthawi zonse, njanji zoyera zimakonda kudya zakudya zam'mera. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya zipatso, chimanga, mbewu, mizu ndi ma rhizomes, ma tubers ndi mbande zazing'ono za udzu.

Amaphatikizanso tizilombo, ma mollusks, makoswe ochepa komanso nsomba. Nthawi zambiri, ma Cranes aku Siberiya amadya achule, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mazira awo. Munthawi yonse yachisanu, ma Cranes a ku Siberia amadya "zinthu" zokha kuchokera kuzomera.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: White Crane

White Crane kapena Sterkh ndi amfumu a nyama, mtundu wa chordates, gulu la mbalame, banja la crane, mtundu wa Cranes, ndi mitundu ya Sterkhov. Cranes ndi mbalame zakale kwambiri, banja la nkhanu lidakhazikitsidwa mu Eocene, zili pafupifupi 40-60 miliyoni zapitazo. Mbalame zakale zidasiyana mwanjira ina ndi oyimira banja lino, zomwe tikudziwika tsopano, zidali zazikulu kuposa achibale amakono, pali kusiyana maonekedwe a mbalame.

Kanema: Korona Woyera

Achibale apamtima a White Cranes ndi a Psophiidae amawomba malipenga ndi amphaka amphongo a Aramidae. M'masiku akale, mbalamezi zimadziwika ndi anthu, zojambula pamwala zosonyeza mbalame zokongola izi zimalankhula izi. Mitundu ya Grus leucogeranus idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi katswiri wazopanga ku Soviet K.A. Vorobyov mu 1960.

Korona ndi mbalame zazikulu zokhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso miyendo yayitali. Mapiko a mbalameyo ndi oposa 2 mita. Kutalika kwa Crane ya Siberi ndi masentimita 140. Pomwe amathawa, ma crane amatambasulira khosi lawo kutsogolo ndi pansi pa miyendo yawo, yofanana ndi mbuluzi, koma mosiyana ndi mbalamezi, ma crane alibe chizolowezi chokhala pamitengo. Korona ali ndi mutu wawung'ono, wokhala ndi mulomo wautali, woongoka. Pamutu, pafupi ndi mulomo, pali gawo la khungu lopanda kanthu. Ku Cranes zaku Siberia malowa ndi ofiira. Mapaundiwo ndi oyera, ndipo kumapiko kwake, nthenga zimakhala zofiirira. Achichepere amatha kukhala ndi mawanga ofiira kumbuyo kapena khosi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi nkhwangwa yoyera imawoneka bwanji?

Korona ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri. Ndizachikongoletso chenicheni cha nazale iliyonse kapena zoo. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera ku 5.5 mpaka 9 kg. Kutalika kuyambira mutu mpaka mapazi 140-160 cm, mapiko pafupifupi 2 metres. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa zazikazi, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mulomo wautali. Zowawa za ku Siberia za Cranes ndizoyera kwambiri; pamapiko, nthenga za nthenga zimakhala zakuda pafupifupi zakuda.

Pamutu pozungulira mulomo pali chigamba cha khungu lopepuka. Chifukwa cha zomwe mbalameyo imawoneka ngati yowopsa pang'ono, ngakhale lingaliro loyamba ndilolondola, kupsya mtima kwa akhwangwala oyera kumakhala kowopsa. Mlomo ndiwofiyanso utoto, wowongoka komanso wautali. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, maula ndi oderapo. Nthawi zina malo ofiira amatha kupezeka m'mbali ndi kumbuyo. Chovala chansalu cha mbalamechi chimavalidwa mpaka zaka 2-2,5 pambuyo pake, mtundu wa mbalame umasintha kukhala woyera koyera.

Maso a mbalameyi ndi ochenjera, utawaleza wa munthu wachikasu ndi wachikasu. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yapinki. Palibe zofunikira kumiyendo, miyendo iliyonse imakhala zala 4, zala zamkati ndi zakunja zimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Vocalization - ma Cranes a ku Siberia amalira mokweza kwambiri, kupukusa uku panthawi ya kuthawa kumamveka pansi. Ndipo ma Cranes a ku Siberia amapanga mawu kwambiri panthawi yomwe akuvina.

Chosangalatsa: Mawu a kakhwawa amafanana ndi mawu a chida choimbira. Kuyimba, anthu amawona mawuwo ngati kung'ung'udza modekha.

Korona zoyera zimawonedwa ngati zaka zenizeni pakati pa mbalame zakuthengo, mbalamezi zimakhala zaka 70. Cranes amatha kubala ana kuyambira wazaka 6-7.

Kodi nkhwangwa yoyera imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: White Crane in Flight

Cranes zoyera zimakhala ndi malo ochepa. Mbalamezi zimangokhala chisa m'dziko lathu lokha. Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya akakhoti oyera. Zidazi zimadzipatula. Chiwerengero choyamba kumadzulo chikugawidwa ku Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, ku Komi Republic ndi dera la Arkhangelsk. Chiwerengero chachiwiri chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chakum'mawa, kukunkhuniza kwa chisa cha anthuwa kumpoto kwa Yakutia.

Anthu akumadzulo amakhala zisa pafupi ndi kamtsinje wa Mezen, komanso kum'mawa kumapiri a mtsinje wa Kunovat. Komanso mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka pa Ob. Anthu akum'mawa amakonda kukhala tundra. Poti zisagwidwe, ma Cranes a ku Siberia amasankha malo omwe anali opanda chofunda. Awa ndi mikono yaku mitsinje, madambo achisangalalo m'nkhalango. Korona oyera ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka ndipo amayenda maulendo ataliatali kuti nthawi yozizira ikhale yotentha.

M'nyengo yozizira, misewu yoyera imatha kupezeka m'madambo aku India komanso kumpoto kwa Iran. M'dziko lathu, ma Cranes a Siberian nthawi yozizira pamwamba pa gombe la Shomal, lomwe lili Nyanja ya Caspian. Ma cranes a Yakut amakonda kukhala ngati nthawi yozizira ku China, komwe mbalamezi zimasankha chigwa pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Yangtze. Nthawi zodyera mbalame zimamanga zisa pamadzi. Zachisa zimasankha malo otsekedwa kwambiri. Zisa za mbalame ndi zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi sedge. Nyumba ya ku Siberia ya Cranes ndi mulu waukulu wa udzu wobiriwira, momwe mumakhala kupsinjika. Chisa chimakonda kukwera 20 cm pamwamba pamadzi.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kakhwawa oyera amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Malo osungira

Sterkh adapatsidwa ntchito ndi Commission for the Survival of the International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Natural kwa imodzi mwazinyama zachilendo kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zili pangozi. Sterkh akuphatikizidwa ndi Zowonjezera I CITES ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Russian Federation komanso mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (INCN) - mndandanda wa EN. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kukuyerekeza pafupifupi anthu 2900-3000. Kuti amupulumutse, Pangano Lapadziko Lonse linamalizidwa pansi pa msonkhano wa Bonn Convention on the Protection of Migratory Animal, kugwirizanitsa mayiko omwe amadera (Russian Federation), hibernates (India ndi Iran) ndi momwe imasamukira (Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) ) Russia, yomwe idasainira panganoli mu 1993, ili ndi maudindo apadera padziko lonse lapansi monga gawo lokhalo la malo a Siberia Crane.

Crane ya Siberian ilibe adani achilengedwe. Koma nthawi yosuntha kwamtchire ikugwirizana ndi nthawi yolumikizana, nguluwe zimasokoneza zinthu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphedwa kwa ndodo. M'nyengo yozizira muzaka zowuma, crane crane imakhala mpikisano wa crane ngati yayikulu komanso yamphamvu.

Kugawa

Crane ya Siberian imangogawidwa kokha ku Russia, ndipo malo ake okhala amapanga magulu awiri opatukana, otchedwa Ob ndi Yakut. Anthu oyamba amakhala mdera lakum'mwera kwa Western Siberia, wokhala ndi nyanja. Anthu a mtundu wa Yakut amakhala m'malo ambiri ovuta kufikako ndi ma bulugamu tundra, nkhalango zamtundu wamtchire komanso chigwa cha kumpoto kwambiri, ndipo nyanja ndi madambo ambiri zidasefukira ndi kusefukira kwamadzi.

Ntchito

Munthawi ya chisa ku tundra ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, ma Cranes aku Siberia ali otanganidwa nthawi yonseyo. Koma pakati pa 3 ndi 5 koloko m'mawa amachepetsa zochitika ndikugona. Pogona, mbalame zimasankha malo otseguka, osefukira ndi madzi omwe amakhala osachepera 100 m kuchokera ku tubercle kapena zitsamba zapafupi. Korona waku Siberiya yemwe wagona wayimirira mwendo umodzi, kubisala linalo m'madzi akumwa. Mutu panthawiyi umagona pansi pa mapiko, khosi limakanikizidwa ku thupi. Nthawi zina mbalame yodzutsa imatambasitsa mapiko ake kapena imayenda kangapo ndi mwendo wayo waulere. Kutalika kokwanira kukagona sikupitirira maola awiri.

Posachedwa nyengo yachisanu, ma Cranes a ku Siberia amakhala ndi zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimayamba kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndikutha ndi nthawi yamdima.

Kuswana

Ziphuphu zimatha kutha msinkhu m'zaka 6 mpaka 7, nthawi yobereka imatha kupitirira zaka zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokhwima ndipo zimapanga magulu awiriawiri.

Amakonda kukhala m'malo obisika achisamba pakati m'nkhalango zamtchire.

Mtunda pakati pa zisa ku Yakutia umachokera ku 2,5 kupita 75 km, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala 14 km. Mwa anthu a Ob, malo ocheperako amakhala apamwamba: mtunda wocheperako pakati pa zisa ndi 1.5 km, wokwera - 10 km.

Chisa cha Siberian Crane ndi nsanja yokhotakhota yopangidwa ndi mapesi a sedge ndipo imapezeka mwachindunji m'madzi. Cranes imatha kukhala zisa zomwezi kwazaka zambiri, ndipo m'mimba mwake zisa zina nthawi zina zimafikira masentimita 120. Monga cranes zina, zimakhala mosatetezeka ndipo zimateteza madera awo mokhalamo.

Pali mazira 1-2 m'mphepete mwa Korani ya Siberian, makamaka yaikazi imagwira iwo, nthawi zambiri yamphongo imadzisinthira kwakanthawi masana. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 27-28. Chiwerengero cha kufa kwachilengedwe kwamakutu ndikumwalira kwa anapiye ndiwokwera kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimaswanidwa sizikudziwika. Anapiye obadwa kumene amakhala aukali kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo mwana wankhuku wachikulire nthawi zonse amapha wamng'ono. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kupsa mtima kwa anapiyewo pang'onopang'ono kumatha mpaka zaka pafupifupi 40. Moyo wokhala ndi zisautso za ana wakhanda sunaphunziridwepo. Mabanja amachoka mwachangu m'deralo ndikukazungulira tundra asananyamuke.

Pa mapiko, anapiye amatuluka theka loyamba la Disembala.

Khalidwe pamagulu

Khalidwe la Crane la Siberia limachitidwa mwambiri. Popeza ndi amodzi mwa amtundu wankhwawa kwambiri, malo owonetsa amakhala pachiwopsezo. Ngati nesting, gawo limasungidwa makamaka kudzera pa duo loyanjana, lomwe limatsatiridwa ndi enieni. Zovina za Siberian Cranes zimakhala ndi kulumpha kwakukulu, kuthamanga zisanu ndi zitatu ndi mapiko otambasuka ndi kutembenuka. M'malo achisanu, malo ogwirira pansi amachepetsa kwambiri, ma Cranes a Siberia amachitika m'magulu, ndipo ziwonetsero zowopseza zimathandizira kukonza magawo azigawo.

Mbiri ya Moyo ku Zoo

Ma Cranes a ku Siberia amaimiridwa kwambiri paziwonetsero zazikulu za malo osungira nyama, chifukwa kumeneko zimatha kubereka bwino.

Crane yoyamba ya Siberian idawonekera kumalo athu osungira nyama mu 1987 kuchokera ku Oka Reserve. Koma miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, mwatsoka, anamwalira ndi ngozi. Ma Cranes aku Siberian otsatira adalandira chaka chotsatira. Koma sanabadwe pano. Adali banja labwino, koma padalibe kuswana. Kuphatikiza apo, tinasunga Crane yaku Siberia yolusa kwambiri yokhala ndi mlomo wosweka: mbalame zankhanza ngati izi, milomo imakonda kusweka: imathamangira onse antchito ndi alendo. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalame zambodzi zomwe zimakonda kulengedwa zimazindikira anthu ngati amitundu. Mbalame ikakula, imayamba kuteteza gawo lake kwa anthu amtundu wawo, kuphatikiza anthu amtundu wake. Ndipo anthu akamaphwanya gawo lake, amakondanso anthu awa. Chifukwa chake, ma cranes omwe amakula ndi anthu amawonetsa nkhanza kwa antchito omwe amawadyetsa. Anapiye omwe tidawakhazikitsa adayamba kuwonetsa zankhanza zaka 1.5-2. Akayamba kuukira, amamenya wolimbayo molimba ndi miyendo ndi mlomo. Mu masewera andewu pali "mbawala" - kwenikweni, ndi kalembedwe ka crane - akamakankha mdani. Korani imawuluka ndikuyamba kulimba kwambiri. Korona wamkulu amatha kumenya nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe yaing'onoting'ono yam'muna ndikumenya.

Pakadali pano, malo osungira nyama mulibe ma Cranes aku Siberian, koma ali m'malo athu. Pali awiriawiri. Mbalame zonse zimachokera ku Oka Reserve - nazale yapadera ya crane. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwaukali, mkazi m'modzi sanathe kupanga banja, chifukwa chake, ana adabadwa kuchokera kwa iye pomulowetsa. Pakadali pano, kubzala kwanyumba sikuchitika ndipo izi sizimaswana. Yachiwiriyi yopangidwira imaswana nthawi zonse, chaka chilichonse imakhala ndi anapiye 1-2.

Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino wa Crane ya Siberia, ma aviours ku zoo akuyenera kukhala owala - kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 100 lalikulu mamilimita. mita, ndi udzu kapena mchenga. Dziwe laling'ono ndilofunika chifukwa mikoko yambiri imakonda kusambira, ndi zitsamba. Pobisalira, nthawi zonse pamakhala chakudya chamagulu owuma momwe mavitamini ndi mapuloteni amayenera. Kamodzi patsiku, phala lonyowa limaperekedwa (nsomba, tirigu wophukira, kaloti) komwe chakudya chochuluka chimawonjezeredwa kuti chikhale bwino. Cranes amalandira mbewa tsiku lililonse - ndiye chakudya chawo chilichonse.

Makatani akuluakulu amakula awiriawiri. Awiriwo akangolowa fomu, imayamba kupha ndewu zina mlengalenga, kumasula malo ake osungirako anthu osawadziwa .. Maanja ndi okhazikika, koma wina mwa iwo akamwalira, wotsalirayo amadzikhazikitsanso wina. Kukhulupirika kwa Swan sikuwoneka.

Chovuta pakuwongolera ming'alu ndiyofunikira kuperekera ming'alu yokhala ndi aviary yayikulu. Kuwonongeka kwa cranes kumatha kukhalanso vuto, chifukwa salola wogwira ntchito kuti alowe payekha.

Kukhomera kwa Crane kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo - ngati pali wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ndiye kuti tiyenera kuyesa kupanga awiri. Cranes iyenera kubzalidwa mu yophukira, osachepera mphamvu ya mahomoni. Ndikofunika kuti mbalamezo zizikhala kwakanthawi kudutsa mipiringidzo (moyandikana nayo) ndikudziwana.

Tidabzala ma cran aku Japan, adakhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake kwa miyezi iwiri, tikuyang'anani wina ndi mzere. Akalumikizidwa, nthawi yomweyo adayamba kukhala ngati banja.

Koma zimachitika mosiyanasiyana: Crane Libby waku Siberia, atakhala pansi, adapilira mwamunayo kwa milungu ingapo, kenako adayesa kumupha. Wamphongo adatengedwa kuchokera kumalo othandizira ndege, ndipo Libby adam'nyamula mwaukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri ankasaka mazira ndikusaka anapiye. Koma sanafune wamwamuna. Takhala tikuchita kuswana kwa m cran kuyambira 1985. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta ndipo siyambitsa mavuto.

Alendo okondedwa, chonde musatulire zala zanu m'thirimo ndi makhwawa - mbalameyi ndi yolimba, ndipo inu ndi mulomo wa mbalameyo mutha kuvutika.

Kufotokozera

Mbalame yayikulu: kutalika pafupifupi 140 cm, mapiko a 2.1-2.3 m, kulemera kwa 5-8.6 kg. Nthenga zakutsogolo kwa mutu kuzungulira maso ndi mulomo kulibe, khungu m'malo ano m'makedzana akuluakulu limapakidwa utoto wofiira. Ziphuphu zimakhala zofiira kapena zachikasu. Mlomo ndi wautali (wamtali kwambiri pakati pa ming'alu yonse), wofiira, sawtooth kumapeto serata. Makulidwe ambiri a thupi ndi oyera, kupatula nthenga zakuda zoyambirira za mapiko. Miyendo ndi yayitali, yofiirira. M'makhola achichepere a ku Siberia, kutsogolo kwa mutu kumatuluka chikasu, maula ndi ofiira, okhala ndi mawonekedwe pakhosi ndi chibwano. Nthawi zina, anyamata oyera aku Siberian Cranes okhala ndi mawanga ofiira kumbuyo, khosi ndi mbali zimapezeka. Maso a anapiye ndi amtambo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, kenako amatembenukira chikasu.

Kuyerekeza zogonana (kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi) sikunafotokozeredwe, ngakhale abambo ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi ndipo amakhala ndi mlomo wautali. Sizipanga subspecies.

Kodi nkhwangwa yoyera imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: White Crane from the Red Book

Ma crane oyera ndi omnivores ndipo sakonda kusankha chakudya.

Zakudya za zikwangwani zoyera zikuphatikiza:

• Mbeu ndi zipatso makamaka ngati ma cranberries ndi ma torso,
• achule ndi amphibians,
• makoko ang'onoang'ono
• mbalame zazing'ono
• nsomba
• mazira a mbalame zazing'ono
• algae ndi mizu yamadzi amadzi,
• udzu ndi thonje,
• tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsikidzi ndi arthropods.

M'malo abwinobwino, nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zam'mera ndi zipatso. Monga chakudya chopatsa thanzi amakonda kudya nsomba, achule. Nthawi zina makoswe. M'nyengo yozizira amadya zomwe amapeza kumalo achisanu. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, njanji zoyera sizimawulukira konse kumalo azilimidwe ndikupita kukakhala kwa munthu ngakhale zaka zanjala. Mbalame sizimakonda anthu, ngakhale pansi pa zowawa za kufa ndi njala, sizabwera kwa munthu. Ng'ona zikaona anthu pafupi ndi chisa chawo, mbalame zimatha kuchokapo mpaka kalekale.

Pazakudya zawo, mulomo wawo umathandizira zikwangwani kwambiri. Mbalame zimagwira ndikupha nyama zawo ndi milomo yawo. Mbedza zam'nyanja zimagwidwa ndimadzi ndi mkamwa. Pofuna kuchotsa ma rhizomes, zikwangwani zimakumba pansi ndi milomo yawo. Mbewu ndi nsikidzi zing'onozing'ono zimatengedwa ndi mbalame kuchokera pansi.Ndikukola, mbalame zimadyetsedwa ndi njere, nsomba, makoswe ochepa ndi mazira. Komanso mu maulendo akundende amapatsidwa nyama ya mbalame zazing'ono, mbewu ndi chakudya cha nyama. Pankhani yazakudya, zakudya zoterezi sizabwino kuposa zomwe mbalame zimadya kuthengo.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

Sterkh zisa makamaka ku Russia. Magulu awiri akutali a mbalameyi adadziwika: kumadzulo kwa dera la Arkhangelsk, Komi Republic ndi Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, ndi kum'mawa kumpoto kwa Yakutia. Chiwerengero choyamba, chotchedwa "Ob", ndichilemwera chakumadzulo kwa kamtsinje wa Mezen kumwera kwa Peninsula ya Kanin, kum'mawa kwa chigumula cha Mtsinje wa Kunovat ndi malo otsika a Ob ku Yamal-Nenets okrug. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zamtunduwu zimasamukira ku madambo a India (Keoladeo National Park) ndi kumpoto kwa Iran kuchokera pagombe la Caspian Sea (Shomal). Madera osiyanasiyana akum'mawa ali mdera lamtsinje wa Yana, Indigirka, ndi Alazeya ku Yakutia, chifukwa nyengo yachisanu, mbalamezi zimawulukira ku China, mpaka pakati pa chigwa cha Yangtze.

Ku Yakutia, Siberia ya Cranes chisa m'malo osakhala anthu, malo osawoneka a tundra, m'malo otentha kwambiri, m'chigawo cha Ob pakati pa madambo ozungulira ozungulira nkhalango yoponderezedwa.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Mbawala ya Crane White

Cranes ndi mbalame zaukali. Nthawi zambiri, anapiye a ku Siberian ku Crane amapha wina ndi mzake pakangodontha dzira. Makhwawa amachitanso nkhanza kwa anthu, makamaka nthawi yakuswa. Ndiobisalira kwambiri, osalekerera kupezeka kwa munthu wapafupi. Ngalande zoyera ndizofunika kwambiri pamtengowu; zimakhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi abwino. Pamenepa, mitsinje yopanda tanthauzo ndiyomwe imasankhidwa.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mbalamezi zizikhala ndi madzi abwino oyera pafupi. Cranes ndizolumikizana kwambiri ndi madzi, zimapanga zisa pa icho, mmenemo amakhalanso nthawi yayitali ndikuwedza ndi achule, ndikusangalala ndi zomera zamadzi. Korona oyera ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. M'nthawi yachilimwe iwo amakhala kumpoto kwa Russia komanso kum'mawa kwa Asia, amawuluka kumayiko otentha kukazizira.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi gulu loyandikana, ngati mbalame zokhala ndi chisa zikukhala m'magulu awiriawiri, nthawi ya ndege zimakhala ngati mbalame za mbalame. Amawuluka m'timalo momveka bwino ndipo amamvera mtsogoleri. Pa nthawi ya nesting, zonse wamwamuna ndi wamkazi zimathandizira kubanja. Mbalame zimamanga zisa limodzi, kusamalira ana limodzi.

Ma Cranes amawuluka nthawi yachisanu kukayamba kuzizira mu Seputembala ndikubwerera kwawo komwe amakhala kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso pakati pa Meyi. Kuuluka kwawo kumatenga masiku 15-20. Panthawi ya ndege, ma crane amawuluka pamtunda wamtunda wa 700-1000 metres pamwamba pa nthaka kuthamanga pafupifupi 60 km pa ola limodzi pamtunda ndi pafupifupi 100 km pa ola pamwamba pa nyanja. Patsiku limodzi, gulu la akhanu amatha kuwuluka mpaka 400 km. M'nyengo yozizira imatha kukhala limodzi pagulu lalikulu. Mwanjira imeneyi mbalame zimamva kukhala zotetezeka.

Chosangalatsa: Cranes ndi mbalame zonyada, sizikhala pamitengo yamitengo. Kukhala pa nthambi zokutira pansi pa zolemera zawo sikuli kwa iwo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: White Crane Chick

Ma Cranes ayenda kumalo awo okhalamo kuyambira nthawi yachisanu kumapeto kwa Epulo ndi Meyi. Pakadali pano, amayamba nyengo yakukhwima. Asanayambitse banja, mwambo weniweni waukwati umachitika ku cranes, pomwe amuna ndi akazi amalumikizidwa ndi kuyimba kokongola kwambiri, akumapanga mawu osangalatsa komanso abwino. Poimba, abambo nthawi zambiri amatambasula mapiko awo kumbali ndi kuponyera mutu wawo kumbuyo, pomwe njirayi imasiya mapiko ake m'miyeso. Kuphatikiza pa kuyimba, masewera akukhwima amayendera limodzi ndi mavinidwe osangalatsa, mwina kuvinaku kumatsimikizira m'modzi mwa omwe ali nawo ngati ndiwachangu, kapena ngati njira yolimbikitsira ubale pakati pa anthu.

Zingwe zimamangidwa ndi mbalame pamadzi, zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimatenga nawo gawo pochita izi. Pakukhwima kamodzi, yaimayi imayikira mazira awiri akuluakulu olemera 214 gramu ndikupuma kwamasiku angapo. Mwa anthu ena, m'mavuto, clutch imakhala ndi dzira limodzi lokha. Mazira a mazira amachitika makamaka ndi achikazi, ngakhale nthawi zina abambo amamuthandiza, nthawi zambiri amadzachotsa chachikazi masana. Kubwatcha kumatha mwezi wathunthu. Pakukhazikitsidwa kwa mazira ndi mkazi, nthawi zambiri yamphongo imakhala kwinakwake pafupi ndipo imasamalira banja lake.

Pakatha mwezi umodzi, amabereka ana 2: M'masiku 40 oyamba, anapiye amachitirana nkhanza kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zambiri, imodzi mwa anapiye amwalira, ndipo yamphamvu kwambiri imakhalabe ndi moyo. Koma anapiye onsewo akadzakwanitsa masiku 40, anapiyewo amasiya kulimbana pakati pawo ndikuchita bata. M'malo azaka, nthawi zambiri dzira limodzi limachotsedwa pamakoma ndipo nkhuku imaleredwa ndi anthu. Zikatero, anapiye onsewa adzapulumuka. Ana amakwanitsa kutsata makolo awo patapita maola angapo kuchokera pachisa. Anapiyewo akafika, onse banja lawo limachoka pachisa ndikubwerera ku tundra. Mbalamezi zimakhala kumeneko zisananyamuke kukazizira.

Adani achilengedwe a zikwangwani zoyera

Chithunzi: White Crane

Korona zoyera ndi zazikulu kwambiri komanso mbalame zaukali, kotero ma Cranes achikulire aku Siberia kuthengo alibe mdani. Ndi nyama zochepa zomwe zimafuna kukhumudwitsa mbalameyi. Koma anapiye ang'onoang'ono ndi ma squutch a Siberia Cranes amakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse.

Zidyera za Crane monga:

Ziweto zosamukira nthawi zambiri zimawopa agulu ndikuzikakamiza kuti zichoke zisa zawo, ndipo mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawopseza gulu la agwape okhala ndi anthu ndi agalu. Ana okalamba omwe amakhalapobe mpaka atakula, sikokwanira ngati cholumikizacho chimasungidwa ndipo mwana wocheperako nthawi zambiri amaphedwa ndi mkulu. Koma, mwamunayo adakhala mdani woopsa kwambiri kwa mbalamezi. Osatinso anthu omwe, koma moyo wathu wa ogula umaika ma Siberia a Cranes pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Anthu amalimbitsa mitsinje, malo owuma m'malo momwe mbalamezi zimakhalira, ndipo kulibe malo oti azipumirako ndi kupeza malo okhala ma Cranes a Siberia.

Korona zoyera zimakonda malo awo ndipo zimangokhala pafupi ndi dziwe, komanso m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kuzifikira. Ngati maiwe ndi dambo zikauma, mbalame zimafunikira malo abwino okhala. Ngati izi sizipezeka, mbalame sizimabereka chaka chino. Caka ciliconse, akulu ochulukirapo komanso ocheperako, ndi anapiye omwe amakhala kuti amakula ndi ochepa. Masiku ano, ma crane oyera akukulidwa mu ukapolo. M'malo odyera, akatswiri odziwa zamagetsi amasamalira mazira ndi anapiye, mbalame zikakula, zimawatumiza kukakhala kuthengo.

Zowopsa ndi chitetezo

Kuchuluka kwa ma Cranes onse a ku Siberia m'tchire ndi anthu 2900-3000 okha, omwe amawaika pamalo achitatu kuyambira kumapeto pakati pa mitundu yonse ya crane. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa anthu aku West Siberian Cranes kunatsitsidwa kukhala anthu 20, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ziwonongedwe. Mbalame ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunda wina ndipo zimatengedwa kuti ndizamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimasinthidwa kwambiri. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira imasamukira komwe amakhala komwe kumakhala mitundu yambiri, mbalame zimadyetsa ndipo zimagona usiku wonse m'madzi osaya.

Pokhudzana ndi moyo wina, zomwe zikuwopseza kupulumuka kwa ma Siberia a Cranes zimaphatikizidwanso. Ambiri mwa mbalamezo amasamukira nthawi yozizira kupita ku Yangtze River Valley ku China, komwe kuchuluka kwa anthu, malo okhala m'mizinda, kugwiritsa ntchito malo azaulimi ndikumanga malo atatu a Gorges Hydroelectric Power Station kumachepetsa malo okhala mbalamezi. M'malo ochezera, kupangira mafuta ndi kutulutsa kwa swamp ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa anthu. Anthu akumadzulo ku Russia, komanso ku Pakistan, Afghanistan ndi maiko ena, akuwopsezedwa kusaka mbalamezi.

Kuyesetsa kuteteza nkhonya ku Siberian kunayamba mu 1970s, ndikupangidwa mu 1973 kwa International Fund for the Protection of Cranes ndi kusaina mu 1974 kwa Soviet-American Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection. Makamaka, mu 1977-1978, mazira angapo otengedwa adabweretsedwa ku nazale yomwe idangopangidwa kumene ku Wisconsin ku America, komwe anapiye 7 adasungidwa, omwe adayala maziko a unyinji wa ma Cranes a ku Siberia opangidwa mochita kupanga. Nazale yofanana idapangidwa mu 1979 ku USSR, pagawo la Oka Biosphere State Reserve.

Popeza kuti mazira awiriwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala thukuta limodzi lokha lomwe limakhalabe ndi moyo, akatswiri amatsenga adachotsa dzira limodzi ndikuyika chofungatira. Popeza ndalamazo zinasokonekera, zazikazi zimathanso kuyikira mazira, ndipo mazira'wa amapitanso kukaulima ndi njira yochita kupanga. Masiku ano, ma Cranes a Siberian masauzande angapo amasungidwa ku Belgium, China, Russia ndi USA.

Kuphatikiza pakupanga thumba losungira, zoyesayesa zina zachitika pofuna kuteteza zachilengedwe za mbalamezi. Mu 1994, International Crane Protection Fund, pamodzi ndi Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animal (Bonn Convention, CMS), lotulutsidwa ku Germany Chikumbukiro Cha Kumvetsetsa pa Njira Zachitetezo cha Crane, yomwe idasainidwa ndi mayiko 11, njira imodzi kapena ina yolumikizidwa ndi malo okhala kapena kusamukira kwa mbalamezi. Mwa chipangizochi, akatswiri azachipatala ochokera ku Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan amasonkhana zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuti akambirane momwe angasungire Siberian Cranes. Wapadera phula "Sterkh" (English Siberian Crane Wetland Project), yomwe ntchito yawo ndikusunga ndi kubwezeretsa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha Crane Sibernan Crane m'dera la Yamal mpaka kuchuluka kwa kubereka kosadalira.

Pofuna kusungitsa anthu a Yakut a Crane a Siberian ku China, malo osungirako mayiko adapangidwa m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Poinhu. Ku Russia, State Natural Reserve of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Kytalyk idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe ikusinthidwa kukhala paki ya dziko lonse, Kunovatsky Federal Reserve ku Yamal-Nenets District, ndi Belozersky Reserve ku Tyumen Region.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi nkhwangwa yoyera imawoneka bwanji?

Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa akamba oyera padziko lonse lapansi ndi anthu 3,000 okha. Komanso, kumadzulo kwa Cranes yaku Siberia kumakhala anthu 20 okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu akumadzulo a Cranes a Siberia ali pafupi kutha ndipo chiyembekezo chakukula kwa anthu ndi zoipa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, mbalame sizikufuna kubereka m'malo azachilengedwe, popeza sizikhala ndi malo oti zimange zisa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalame zimasankha kwambiri malo okhalamo.

Pa ndege, komanso nthawi yachisanu, ma Cranes aku Siberian amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma mbalamezi zimangokhala m'madzi osaya, momwe mbalame zimagona.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira ku Chigwa cha China pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Yangtze. Pakadali pano, malo awa amakhala ndi anthu ambiri, malo ambiri pafupi ndi komwe Seberian Cranes amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi. Ndipo monga mukudziwira, ma Cranes aku Siberia salekerera kuyandikana ndi anthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mdziko lathu, m'malo osungira zisa, mafuta amatulutsidwa ndipo madambo amathiridwa. Ku Pakistan ndi Afghanistan, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa, koma kuyambira kumapeto kwa 70s, kusaka ma Cranes a Siberia aletsedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, mitundu ya Grus leucogeranus yalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo ili ndi mtundu wa mtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kutha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito yogwira ntchito ikupitilira kusunga mitundu iyi ndi oyimira ena a banja lapa crane. Thumba losungirako laumbidwa ku Russia. Ku China, m'malo omwe nthawi yachisanu mumakhala ma cran oyera, palinso malo osungirako zinyama.

"Chiyembekezo cha Chiyembekezo"

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, ma Cranes opitilira 100 a Siberia atulutsidwa m'chilengedwe. Komabe, chiwerengero chaimfa cha ana ankhwawa zamtchire m'chaka choyamba cha moyo ndi 50-70%. Chiwopsezo cha kupulumuka kwa makoko ochita kupanga sichidutsa 20%. Chifukwa chake, asayansi adayamba kufunafuna njira zabwino zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa anapiye opezekawo.

Kuphunzitsa maluso aulendo wautali komanso kuyenda njira zosamukirako ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa omaliza maphunzirowa.Kusoŵa kwa kuyendetsa ndege mokwanira komanso kuyenda mozama kumachepetsa mwayi wa anapiye opulumuka. Akatswiri aku America adatha kuthana ndi vutoli: adaganiza zowatsogolera anapiye panjira yakusunthira mtsogolo mothandizidwa ndi woyang'anira wotsogozedwa ndi munthu. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndikuti, chifukwa cha maphunziro apadera, ma cranes omwe adakulitsidwa mu nazale amawona galimoto ikupendekera ngati mtsogoleri wa paketi ndikuwatsata kufikira kumalo osungira nthawi yachisanu, ndikupanga malo opumulirako m'malo osankhidwa bwino. Ndi chiwembuchi, zoposa 90% ya anapiye atakhazikitsidwa nthawi yozizira ndikubwerera m'malo omasulidwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndege ngati izi zophunzitsira mbalame zidayamba kugwira wofufuza wa ku Italy wozunguzika Angelo D'Arrigo, yemwe anamwalira momvetsa chisoni mu 2006.

Mu 2001-2002, akatswiri azachipatala aku Russia adaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira yaku America pobwezeretsa anthu aku Crane a Siberia aku West Siberia ndipo adapeza kuti ndiabwino. Zotsatira zake, pulogalamu yapadera idapangidwa kuti ipange njira yatsopano, yomwe imatchedwa "Flight of Hope". Omwe amathandizira pamsonkhanowu ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russian Federation, akatswiri a All-Russian Research Institute of Natural, Ministry of Naturalource of the Russian Federation, Oka Biosphere State Reserve, ITERA mafuta ndi gasi, Sterkh Fund, komanso asayansi ochokera mayiko opitilira khumi. Wogwirizanitsa mayiko pa mapulogalamu opulumutsa a Sibandaan Crane ndi a Alexander Sorokin, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yoona zachilengedwe ku All-Russian Research Institute of Nature, Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia.

Mu 2006, nyumba zisanu zamakono zopangika zamagetsi zidapangidwa, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi iwo ma Cranes a Siberia adatengedwa paulendo wautali. Mbalamezi zidatengedwa kuchokera ku Yamal kupita ku Uzbekistan, komwe adalumikizana ndi misewu yothira kuthengo ndipo adapita kale kukazizira. Kuyesera kwina kuyendetsa kuthawa kwa ma Siberia a Cranes kunachitika mu 2012. Gulu la anthu asanu ndi amodzi a ku Cranes a ku Siberia adabweretsedwa ku Belozersky Federal Reserve m'chigawo cha Tyumen, koma nthawi ino ma grey akhungu sanavomereze ma Cranes a Siberia.

Kuti athandize anthu kuzindikira zovuta za anthu omwe ali pangozi ya ku West Siberian Cranes, mu Epulo 2012, pawailesi yapadera idakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku zisa za Siberia Cranes ku Oksky Reserve - "Flight of Hope. TIUKA. " Mu nthawi yeniyeni, popanda kutenga ndi kusintha, mutha kuwona moyo wa awiriawiri akulu Cranes aku Siberian - kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a ana awo mpaka pakuphunzitsidwa kwa anapiye akuwuluka kuseri kwa glider.

Chitetezo Cha Korona Woyera

Chithunzi: Kodi nkhwangwa yoyera imawoneka bwanji?

Mu 1973, International Crane Protection Fund idakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1974, chikalata chogwirizana pankhani yokhudza kuteteza chilengedwe chinasainidwa pakati pa Soviet Union ndi America. Mu 1978, nkhokwe yapadera yankhokwe idapangidwa ku Winsconsin State komwe mazira, makoko oyera omwe amapezeka kuthengo, anapulumutsidwa. Akatswiri a zamankhwala ochokera ku USA adalera anapiye ndikubwera nawo kuthengo.

Masiku ano ku Russia, China, USA ndi Belgium, akatswiri a zamankhwala amakulitsa misewu yovomerezeka m'malo osungirako. Ornithologists, podziwa za mpikisano pakati pa anapiye, amatenga dzira limodzi kuchokera ku zomanga ndikulitsa anapiyewo pawokha. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri a zamankhwala amayesa kusaphatikiza anapiyewo kwa munthu, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito kusanza kwapadera kusamalira anapiye.

Chosangalatsa: Kusamalira anapiye, akatswiri azachipatala amagwiritsa ntchito masuti oyera oyera, izi zimakumbutsa amayi awo za anapiye. Achichepere amaphunziranso kuwuluka mothandizidwa ndi anthu. Mbalame zimawulukira ndege yapadera, yomwe amatenga mtsogoleri wa paketi. Chifukwa chake mbalamezi zimapanga ndege yawo yoyamba kuyenda ngati "thawa la Chiyembekezo".

Mpaka pano, mabizinesi onena za kulima anapiye amachitika mu Oka Reserve. Kuphatikiza apo, mapaki adziko amagwira ntchito ku gawo la Yakutia, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug komanso ku Tyumen.

Korona yoyera mbalame zodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti padziko lapansi pali ochepa kwambiri okongola komanso okongola. Tili ndi chiyembekezo kuti zoyesa za akatswiri azamankhwala sizingawonongeke, ndipo anapiye omwe adzaleredwe mu ukapolo azidzakhala kuthengo ndi kubereka.

Pa chikhalidwe

Kwa anthu am'dziko la Siberia - a Ugri, a Nenets, ena - Crane ya Siberian - mbalame yopatulika, totem, wotchuka mu nthano, chipembedzo, zikondwerero za tchuthi, kuphatikizapo holide ya Bear. Mukakhala chisa cha ma Cranes a ku Siberia, gawo lawolo linakhala malo osungirako. Chifukwa chake, osati kokha pakati pa ma Yakuts, Madzulo, Madzi, Yukagirs, komanso pakati pa anthu aku Western Siberia, zimakhulupirira kuti msonkhano ndi Siberian Crane umawonetsera zochitika zabwino, ndipo kuvulaza komwe kumayambitsa koyera kumabweretsa mavuto. Wansembe wamkazi wa Sakha Aiyy Umsuur Udagan amalondera chipilala pa lamulo la Dyilga-toyon, pomwe adalemba ndi magazi a nsembe kuti Nyurgun akhale mtsogoleri wa fuko la Sakha. Nyimbo ndi nyimbo zazikulu za Sakha-Yakuts "Olonkho", Crane ya Siberia ndi mbalame, chithunzi chake chomwe chimatengedwa ndi ma shanans akumwamba ndi kukongola kwapadziko lapansi. Anthu aku Hungary omwe adachokera ku Siberia makamaka ma Savings adabweretsa malingaliro amatsenga a ma crane oyera kwa anthu achi Russia ndi ku Europe.

Sterkh: mawonekedwe akunja

Crane ya Siberian ndi ya mtundu wa Cranes, banja la Cranes. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu - kukula kwake kumachokera pa zana limodzi makumi anayi kudza zana limodzi makumi asanu ndi limodzi, kulemera kwake pafupifupi ma kilogalamu asanu ndi atatu. Mapiko a kakhola amayambira pakati pa mazana awiri ndi khumi mpaka mazana awiri ndi makumi atatu, kutengera anthu.

Pokhapokha nthawi yozizira kusamukira komweko crane yoyera imayenda maulendo ataliatali. Siberia Crane zisa ndi mtundu ku Russia. Mbalamezi zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri a ornithologists.

Mtundu

Korani yoyera (Crane ya Siberian) ili ndi mawonekedwe, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi mbalame ina - mulomo wofiira, womwe umakhala ndi miyendo yakuthwa kumapeto kwake. Kuzungulira maso ndi mdomo mulibe nthenga, ndipo khungu limapakidwa utoto wofiirira ndipo limawoneka kutali.

Pathupi, nthenga zopangidwa m'mizere iwiri ndi zoyera, mkati mwa mapiko kumapeto kwake, mizere iwiri ndi yakuda. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali, yapinki. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri a Siberian Crane m'malo onyowa: amakulolani kuti muziyenda pamtunda wamtoto wambiri.

Poyamba, maso a anapiyewo ndi amtambo, kenako amapeza utoto wachikasu. Korani yoyera (Crane ya Siberian) imakhala zaka pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri, yopanga ma subspecies.

Habitat

Mpaka pano, pali mitundu iwiri ya crane yamtunduwu. Mmodzi amakhala kudera la Arkhangelsk, ndipo wachiwiri - ku Yamal-Nenets okrug. Ino ndi mbalame yosamala kwambiri - Crane ya Siberia. Korani yoyera, mafotokozedwe achidule omwe amaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi, akuyesetsa m'njira iliyonse momwe angathere kuti asakumanane ndi anthu, ndipo izi sizikupita pachabe: zitatha izi, olosera m'malo ambiri amawona kuti salangidwa.

Mbalame ikawona munthu, imachoka mchisa. Sterkh sangathe kuponyera osati thukuta zokha, komanso asokoneza anapiye. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kusokoneza mbalame nthawi imeneyi. Korani yoyera (Crane ya Siberian), yomwe imabereka ku Russia kokha, imatha kuzizira ku Azerbaijan ndi India, Afghanistan ndi Mongolia, China ndi Pakistan. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, achifwamba adabwerera kwawo.

Ku Yakutia, Crane ya Siberia imapita kumadera akutali a tundra ndipo imasankha madambo achithaphwi ndi nkhalango zosavomerezeka kuti akaikemo. Pano akukhala mpaka nyengo yachisanu kusamuka.

Buku Lofiyira la Russia: Crane White (Crane of Siberian)

Sterkh ndiye mbalame yayikulu kwambiri pabanja lake. Zimatsogolera kukhala moyo wam'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupulumutsa mtunduwu kuti usathe. Tsopano chiwerengero cha anthu a Yakut sichidutsa anthu 3,000. Kwa a West Siberian Cranes Cranes, zinthu ndizofunikira: palibe anthu oposa makumi awiri omwe atsala.

Kwambiri, chitetezo cha cranes yoyera chidachitika nawo mu 1970. Ndibwino kuti pakhale zangongole ndi malo osungirako ndalama komwe akatswiri a ornithologists amalima mbalamezi kuchokera mazira. Zimaphunzitsa anapiye kuuluka mtunda wautali. Komabe, chiwopsezo chikutsalabe kuti k Cran yoyera (Siberia ya Crane) idzatha. Buku Lofiyira (lapadziko lonse lapansi) lidadzalanso mndandanda wake ndi mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Kusaka mbalamezi nkoletsedwa kwathunthu.

Chiyembekezo cha kubadwanso

Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la zana lino zapitazi, ma cran azungu opitirira zana omwe adalimidwa ku nazale atulutsidwa kumalo achilengedwe. Tsoka ilo, anapiye otere samazika mizu (osapitirira 20%). Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu azifa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwamayendedwe, komanso maphunziro a ndege, omwe amaperekedwa ndi makolo mu vivo.

Vutoli linayesedwa kuti lithetsedwe ndi asayansi aku America. Adakhazikitsa kuyesa, komwe kumatanthauza kuyendetsa anapiye panjira pogwiritsa ntchito zopendekera zamagetsi. Ku Russia, adapanganso pulogalamu yofananira, yomwe imatchedwa "Flight of Hope."

Magalimoto asanu opachikira magalimoto anamangidwa mu 2006, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi anyamata achichepere a Siberia adatengedwa njira yayitali kuchokera ku Yamal kupita ku Uzbekistan, komwe kunkakhala ma crona, ndipo a ku Siberian Cranes adapita nawo kukazizira. Mu 2012, Purezidenti V. Putin adatenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamuyi. Koma pazifukwa zina, nthawi ino ma grey akhungu sanavomereze ma Siberia, ndipo akatswiri azachipatala adakakamizidwa kuti abweretse anapiye asanu ndi awiri ku Belozersky Reserve ku Tyumen.

Zosangalatsa

• Ku India, Crane ya ku Siberia imatchedwa mbalame ya kakombo. Indira Gandhi adapereka lamulo (1981), malinga ndi paki ya Keoladeo yomwe idapangidwa m'malo mwa nyengo yachisanu yokokedwa ndi mikondo yoyera, momwe boma lokhwima kwambiri limawonedwa komanso malo abwino amapangidwa kuti ateteze mbalame zokongola izi.
• Korani yoyera (Crane ya Siberian) imagonjetsa njira yayitali kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ma crane: oposa makilomita zikwi zisanu ndi theka. Kawiri pachaka, njanji izi zimawuluka m'maiko asanu ndi anayi.
• Ku Dagestan, gawo lomwe ma Siberia a Cranes amadutsamo pomwe akusamuka, nthano yabwino idawoneka kuti a Siberia Cranes ndi mizimu ya asirikali omwe agwa. Nthanoyi idayambitsa maziko a nyimbo yotchuka ija, yomwe mawu awo adalembedwa ndi Rasul Gamzatov.
• Nyengo yakukhwima, njere zoyera sizimagona maola oposa awiri patsiku.
• Kwa anthu a Mansi ndi Khanty, crane yoyera ndi mbalame yopatulika, mtundu wa fuko, wofunika kwambiri pamiyambo yonse yamiyambo.
• Khanty sidzasokoneza Crane ya Siberian: paliulendo wosawoneka woyendera malo omwe mikanda yoyera imakhala mchaka ndi chilimwe.
• Akatswiri a Ornithologists amati njira ya "makolo olera okha" komanso kulera nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimasungidwa kukhala njira zabwino kwambiri zolerera mbalamezi. Poyambirira, mazira a makraneti oyera amatha kuyikidwa mu zisa za ma crona akhungu. Kachiwiri, anapiye amakulira m'malo osungirako, osakhudzana ndi anthu. Kenako amasulidwa kukakola nyama zakuthengo.

Akatswiri a zamankhwala akupitilizabe kupitiliza kuchita zinthu zoteteza mbalame yokongola iyi. Tikukhulupirira kuti crane yoyera (Crane ya Siberian), malongosoledwe omwe tidatipatsa m'nkhaniyi, asungidwa ndipo mbalame yokongolayo idzatisangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe ake kwanthawi yayitali.