Ma styracosaurs ndi gulu lalikulu la ma dinosaurs okhala ndi nyanga okhala ndi herbivor. Ma dinosaurs amenewa adakhala kumapeto kwa Cretaceous, zaka pafupifupi 77-70 miliyoni zapitazo, ku North America.
Nyanga yayikulu kwambiri ya Styracosaurus inali uta, utali wa mita 1.5. Panali "kolala" kumbuyo kwa mutu, komwe kamakutidwa ndi maukonde asanu ndi amodzi okhala ndi nyanga.
Styracosaurus (Styracosaurus).
"Kola" iyi kwa otsutsa idanyamula ngozi yakufa, kuwonjezera apo, mutuwo udali waukulu: mita 2 kutalika ndi pafupifupi 1.5 mita mulifupi.
Otsalira a styracosaurus adapezeka mu 1913 m'dera la Canada yamakono. Zinapezeka kuti ma polykosaurs anali ma dinosaurs a herbivorous. Koma chifukwa chiyani anafunika nyanga zoipazi? Adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani oopsa. Nthawi zambiri pomenya nkhondo ndi ma dinosaurs olusa, anali enieni a Styracosaurs omwe adapambana.
Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, "styracosaurus" amatanthauza - buluzi wokhala ndi mkondo.
Mothandizidwa ndi lipenga lalikuru la mphuno, buluzi wa herbivore amatha kudula mosavuta m'mimba mwa wolimba kwambiri komanso wamkulu kwambiri. Otsatira adadziwa izi, ndipo ngakhale anjala adayesa kuti asayandikire abusawa.
Koma osati abuluzi onse okhala ndi nyanga, nyanga zinali zowopsa kwambiri, sizinakhale ndi nyanga, koma kutuluka kwa mafupa komwe sikungachititse kuvulala kwakukulu. Ma dinosaurs okhala ndi nyanga zowonongeka zomwe zasiya kugwira ntchito yoteteza ndi monga Centrosaurus, yomwe idapezeka ku Canada. Buluziyo linali laling'ono - mamita 1,6 okha, pamwamba pa zitsulo zamaso panali nyanga ziwiri zazifupi, pamakola a occipital panali nyanga ziwiri zazing'ono zazikazi, ndipo nyanga imodzi yopindika inali pamphuno.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, a styracosaurus anali dinosaur wa herbivorous. Ndipo mphonje ndi nyanga mwina zimateteza kwa adani.
Ma dinosaurs onse okhala ndi nyanga anali ofanana mawonekedwe a wina ndi mzake, ndipo kusiyana kunali kokha mu chiwerengero cha nyanga, malo awo ndi kukula kwake.
Asayansi apeza zotsalira za mitundu iwiri ya ma stykosaurs mpaka pano. Mafupa awo amapezeka m'dera limodzi, kuphatikiza apo, anali am'badwo womwewo - nthawi ya Upper Cretaceous.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
10. Pteranodon
Ngwazi ya mafilimu ambiri owopsa, pintanodon wonyansa komanso wachilengedwe, m'moyo weniweni (monga pterodactyls ndi ramphorines) amadya nsomba kwambiri, osalabadira kwenikweni anthu. Zowona, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kunalibe anthu panthawiyo. Akadakhala kuti ali m'masiku athu ano, bwenzi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, popeza ndi mapiko a mita 15 ndi mulomo wolemera amatha kupha mwangozi, ndi thukuta limodzi, poyesera kutenga zotsekemera kuchokera kwa munthu.
9. Allosaurus
Chimawoneka ngati wankhanza ndipo nthawi zambiri chimadzichotsa m'malo mwake m'mafilimu ambiri pamene wankhanza sakupezeka kapena wadwala (mwachitsanzo, mu filimu "Ndipo Bingu lidagunda"). Amakhulupirira kuti afika mita 8 ndi theka kutalika ndi 3 ndi theka mita kutalika. Asayansi akutsutsana ngati allosaurus anali nyama yophatikiza kapena amakhala payokha, kunja kwa paketiyo. Pali mikangano iwiri: mbali imodzi, mafupa a allosaurs amapezeka nthawi yomweyo zochuluka kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri. Kwina - cholengedwa chinali chankhanza kwambiri chifukwa chokhala limodzi pagulu lalikulu. Komabe, kuti muwononge munthu, allosaurus, ngakhale wotayika kwambiri posachedwa, ndikwanira.
8. Mayyungazavr
Amadziwika ndi sayansi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 900. Timalemera tani ndi theka ndi kutalika kwa mita naini. Anadya ma dinosaurs ena ang'ono. Panali china chofanana ndi nyanga pamutu pake, kuti a Mayungasaurus sanagwire ntchito ndi mano, komanso mutu. Amakhulupirira kuti sanawone bwino, koma anali ndi fungo lolemerera. Chifukwa chake munthawi yathu itha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikudya ambuye a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
7. Sarcosuchus
Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chomwe cholengedwachi chimatchedwa sarcosuchus. Amatha kuyitanitsa "ng'ona yayikulu", ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimadziwika kuti anali kunena za ndani. Agogo-agogo-agogo-a agogo a ng'ona Gena adakula mpaka mamita 12 ndipo adadyetsedwa mpaka matani 6. Imakhala yowirikiza kawiri kuposa ng'ona zamakono zilizonse, ngati sarcosuchus awoloka msewu - ichi ndi chizindikiro choipitsitsa kwambiri.
6. Carcharodontosaurus
Nyamayi yodya matani anayi ndiyitali mikono 12. Asayansi panjira akuti ku Nigeria mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma carhadontosaurs imatha kukhalanso ndi moyo - 14 mimitengo ndi matani 9 kulemera. Anali mlenje yekha, ndipo mwina anachita bwino. Mwachidziwikire, adangomwalira wopanda pake atazindikira kuti anali atakwaniritsa kale zonse m'moyo uno.
5. Tyrannosaurus
Wodziwika bwino wabizinesi yowonetsera, T-Rex wakale, kwenikweni, sanawonedwepo ngati nyama yolimbirana kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mafilimu akupangidwabe za iye, mabuku amalembedwa ndipo nkhani zimanenedwa, chifukwa anali wankhanza m'mapulogalamu akale amasukulu omwe adapangidwa ngati choyimira chachikulu cha zoyipa. Komabe paleontology siyimayima!
Komabe, t-rex, pakukuwona, sinayime chilili - miyendo yakumbuyo yotseguka imanyamula misa yayikulu matani awiri mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo nsagwada zimatha kuluma kudzera mu vestproof veins ya ambiri a ma herbivore a dinosaurs. Ndinganene chiyani za inu? Simungamve ngakhale njira yomwe akumvera kudzera m'makutu.
4. Utahraptor
Wodyetsa nkhosa zazikazi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ubongo wamkati mu cranium ndi voliyumu yake pafupi ndi mbalame kuposa abuluzi ena olusa. Chifukwa chake mawu omaliza a paleontologists kuti utaraptor akhoza kukhala wovuta komanso wachangu kuposa wamba dinosaur. Komabe, utahraptor sanali wanzeru mwanzeru monga olemba aku Hollywood amamuimira iye akumwalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo - zitatha izi, mbalamezo ndizosiyana, fanizirani machitidwe a mpheta zam'matauni ndi asodzi a nkhuku awa pantchito yawo yopuma.
M'mafilimu, utaraptors si alendo ochulukirapo monga ma velociraptors, zomwe ndizodabwitsa, popeza utaraptor ndi wokulirapo kanayi komanso wowopsa nthawi zambiri (malinga ndi malipoti apolisi).
3. Spinosaurus
Chotupa chachikulu kwambiri cha munthu wokhala ku Africa kumenechi poyezetsa anaonetsa kutalika kwa mita 12. Komabe, pali zifukwa zomveka zokhazokha zokhazokha za anthu omwe ali ndiutali wa mita 18, kotero spinosaurus ikhoza kumenyera m'malo oyamba patsamba lino. Spinosaurus ndi cholengedwa chomwe chimakhala chosasangalatsa kwambiri, malinga ndi Photobot. Zowona, akatswiri ena a paleont amapereka malingaliro amtundu wina, ngakhale wosasangalatsa - wokhala ndi thup ndi thunthu - chifukwa malinga ndi mtundu wawo adadya nsomba. Chongani pamsonkhano woyamba.
2. Plyosaurus
Tiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti Pliosaurus wotchuka kwambiri mwa anthu ndi Liopleurodon. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti pliosaurs ndiye nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zakhalapo padziko lapansi pano, chifukwa 20 metres ndi kukula kotheka kwa iwo. Mapepala okhaokha amakula mpaka 3 mita, ndi mano - mpaka 40 sentimita. Tithokoze Mulungu Poseidon kuti a Pliosaurs - zolengedwa zam'nyanja, sanasamuke kulowa m'mizinda.
Akatswiri a Paleontologists kamodzi ku Mexico adapeza chigoba cha mita 18 cha pliosaurus. Chingawonekere ngati cholengedwa chovuta kwambiri! Koma chinthu ndichakuti pamafupa awa adapeza kuvulala komwe kudayamba chifukwa cha mano a wina, ngakhale pliosaurus wokulirapo, pafupifupi 25 metres!
Mapusaurus
Mapusaurus inali imodzi mwazikulu za nthawi yake mu Cretaceous. Wachikulire wa mtunduwu adafika pamtunda wa mamita 12, ndipo kulemera kwake kunali pafupifupi matani atatu.
Mapusaurus anali mlenje wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha mano ake akuluakulu opindika, mchira wamphamvu ndi miyendo. Ma dinosaurs amenewa ankasakidwa m'magulu, zomwe zimawalola kusaka ma dinosaurs akuluakulu monga a kuArgentinaurus, omwe ambiri amatha kukhala matani zana.
Chimodzi mwazabwino za Mapusaur pamtundu wanchitetezo ndichakuti woyamba anali ndi kudziwikiratu kwanthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, Mapusaurus anali opepuka komanso achikulire kwambiri, omwe amaloleza kuti athe kukana t-rex
Albertosaurus
Ngakhale kuti mwina mwamvapo zochepa za a Albertosaurus kuposa za wankhanza, zinthu zakale zotsala za mitundu yoyamba zinapezeka.
Albertosaurus wamkulu amatha kutalika pafupifupi 9 metres, ndi kulemera pafupifupi matani awiri. Poyerekeza albertosaurus ndi t-rex, mutha kuwona kuti mitundu yoyambayo ndiyoperewera kwambiri. Komabe, musathamangire kukawona.
Akatswiri a Paleontologists amatcha Albertosaurus m'modzi mwa anthu omwe amadana kwambiri ndi magazi a Late Cretaceous. Kukula kocheperako kwa dinosaur iyi kunathetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwake ndi kuzungulira kwake. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti albertosaurus inali yachangu kwambiri kuposa wankhanza, yomwe inathandiza nyamayo kuyendetsa nyama yake pakona ndikudzilekanitsa ndi abale.
Poyerekeza mitundu iwiriyi, mutha kuwona kuti chigaza cha tyrex ndichachikulupo kuposa mita imodzi, koma, ngakhale izi, kuluma kwa albertosaurus kunali kwamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chazifupi.
10. Sinornithosaurus
Sinornithosaurus anali dinosaur yaying'ono, yopanda tsitsi kuchokera ku banja la Dromaeosaurid. Ma Velociraptors ndi ake. Sinornithosaurus anali ndi mivi yolowera, yopyapyala komanso ngati nkhope ya ng'ona yokhala ndi grin yowopsa. Amawoneka ngati buluzi waung'ono, wokhala ngati mbalame ndi nthenga za utoto.
Mwachidziwikire kuti nyama zodyerazi zimasaka m'matumba, monga ma domaeomaurid ena. Koma palibe umboni wokwanira. Imawoneka ngati dinosaur yoyamba kujambulidwa ndi kuluma poyizoni.
Sizikudziwika bwino komwe poyizoni yemwe ali ndi poizoni. Sizikudziwika ngati anali atamwalira kapena anafa ziwalozo. Komabe, ngakhale lingaliro lenileni la zolengedwa zotere limayendayenda usiku ndikulumpha kuchokera mumithunzi kuti liphe adani ndi kuluma kamodzi kumayambitsa thukuta.
Carnotaurus
A carnotaurus amatanthauza kuti ng'ombe yamakhalidwe abwino ndikuyang'ana chithunzi cha dinosaur iyi mutha kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake ndi ng'ombe. Kufanana ndi ng'ombe kumawonetsedwa ndi nyanga ziwiri zakuthwa zomwe zili pamutu.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, carnotaurus inalinso ndi miyendo yam'mbuyo yamphamvu yamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yodya kwambiri kuposa gulu lonse lolemera.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nyanga zimateteza mtunduwu kutetezedwa, koma chigaza cha dinosaur sichinasiyane mwamphamvu, chifukwa chake chimawombera pang'onopang'ono komanso molondola.
Giganotosaurus
Giganotosaurus ndiye anali dinosaur wamkulu wazinyama ku Cretaceous South America. Mwa njira, kulemera kwake kudaposa kulemera kwa tyrannosaurus ndi matani awiri. Ngakhale izi zidali bwanji, nyama yomwe imadya imathamanga makilomita 32 pa ola limodzi, pomwe Ti-Rex imatha kuthamanga ma kilomita 16 okha pa ola limodzi.
Palinso chifukwa chomveka chokhulupirira kuti gigantosaurs ankasakidwa m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 2-3 ndipo amatha kusaka zimphona ngati Horinosaurus, motero zimadziwika kuti ma gigantosaurs anali otha kuthamangitsa ankhanza.
9. Therizinosaurus
Therizinosaurus chinali chilombo chachikulu cholemera makilogalamu 5,000., Chomwe chimakhala kudera lamakono la Mongolia. Anali ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso khosi longa gira. Poyamba zidaganiziridwa kuti zotsalazo ndi za chimfine chachikulu chomwe sichitha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ankhondo. Pambuyo pake zinaonekeratu kuti uyu ndi wachibale wakutali wa wankhanza.
Ngakhale zovuta za Terisinosaurus zimatha kuchitidwa nsanje ngakhale ndi Freddy Krueger, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potola zakudya zamasamba. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti dinosaur anali wochezeka. Asayansi amasankhabe ngati anali munthu wopanda nyama kapena nthawi zina amadya nyama zing'onozing'ono.
Kupanda kumveketsa bwino pankhani ya zakudya zomwe amakonda kudya kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, sizikudziwika ngati a Therizinosaurus angakuoneni ngati cholepheretsa kapena chakudya chamtsogolo chamadzulo.
8. Ceratosaurus
Ceratosaurus anali sing'anga wachikatikati. Amakhala ku Jurassic ku North America ndi Europe. Inali yayikulu, koma inali ndi kutsogolo kwakanthawi ndipo inali ndi nyanga yayikulu yooneka ngati nyanga pamphuno.
Poyang'ana koyamba, zitha kuwoneka ngati mtundu wa trannosaurus rex wokhala ndi kusiyana kwamagawo, koma musapusitsidwe ndi kuphweka kwake. Anali mlenje wokwiya yemwe amadalira mwayi umodzi, womwe unkamsiyanitsa ndi omwe adabadwa naye - keratosaurus anali ndi zala zinayi, osati zapamwamba zitatu.
Ndiwo kusiyana kocheperako kumene komwe komwe kumamukweza kumtunda kwa chakudya cha kumapeto kwa Jurassic. Itha kuonedwa ngati kupambana kwakukulu komwe ma ceratosaurs adatha zaka zoposa 11 miliyoni. Chidacho ichi chimayenera chisamaliro chachikulu chifukwa cha luso lake lopulumuka komanso mawonekedwe ake apadera.
Siats Microorum
Dinosaur wodziwoneka bwinoyu amakhala m'malo omwe tsopano ndi North America kumapeto kwa Cretaceous. Wachikulire amatha kutalika mamita 12 ndikulemera pafupifupi matani 7.
Siats Microorum inali nyama yolusa kwambiri ya nthawi yake ndipo inali yaying'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi wankhanza, ndipo dinosaur uyu anali wa banja lomwelo monga carcharodontosaurus.
Siats Microorum anali mdani wamkulu kwa t-rex omwe anali nthawi imeneyo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi imeneyo ankhanza anali ochepa kwambiri kuposa omwe anali nawo kale ndipo sakanathanso kubwezeretsa madinala ambiri olusa.
Kum'mawa kwa Ghout, ngakhale zotsalira zidapezeka zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti Siats Microorum inali yayikulu kwambiri kuposa t-rex kotero kuti omalizawo sakanalimbana ndi dzina la yemwe adayambitsa chakudya.
6. Utahraptor
Zikuwoneka kuti ndi mutu wapamwamba kuchokera ku banja la Dromaeosaurid. Wokhala Utah wamakono ku Cretaceous Woyambilira. Kukhala ndi mchira wautali komanso mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi. Zimafanana ndi mtundu wokulirapo wa velociraptor.
Utahraptor anali woimira wamkulu wa banja lake ndipo adafika mita 7 kutalika. Pa chala chakumaso cha miyendo yakumbuyo panali chovala chachiwombelero chotalika pafupifupi 23. Buluzi limalemera pafupifupi 500 kg ndipo linali loopsa.
Utaraptor amaoneka ndi mwayi umodzi wodziwika. Zinakhala woyamba dromaeosaurid m'mbiri yaku America, pomwe ku Utah adavotera ngati chizindikiro chovomerezeka. Zovala zakuthwa, malembedwe komanso mkhalidwe watsopano wamalamulo zimapangitsa utaraptor kukhala wotsutsana wabwino kwambiri pamutu wa "King of the Dinosaurs."
5. Pachycephalosaurus
Pachycephalosaurus anali woimira wopepuka wazakumwa wa nkhuku. Inalipo kumapeto kwa Cretaceous nthawi yoponderezedwa ndi olamulira ankhanza.
Miyendo, mchira ndi khosi zinali zazikulu, ndipo iye yekha amawoneka wamkulu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali chigaza chowoneka ndi miyala yopindika. Mwina idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholimbana ndi adani kapena adani. Malinga ndi ofufuza, chigaza cha pachycephalosaurus chinali chokulirapo maulendo 30 kuposa munthu.
Zowona, zikuwoneka kuti pachycephalosaurus mwina singakhale herbivore wosalakwa, monga poyambira kale. Mwina anali wochita kusangalala. Mwakutero, atha kukutengerani mosavuta ndi chigaza chake ndi kudya chakudya chamadzulo.
4. Troodon
Troodon ndi theropod wa miyendo iwiri yemwe amakhala kumapeto kwa Cretaceous. Anali wamtali pafupifupi mikono itatu, wocheperapo kwambiri, wokalamba, anali ndi mano akuthwa komanso maso akulu kwambiri.
Zipatso zamtsogolo sizinali zazitali kwenikweni, koma zinali ndi mano ambiri kuposaropropod wina uliwonse. Amatha kuyenda pa liwiro la 64 km pa ola limodzi. Ndiye kuti, anali pafupifupi wothamanga kwambiri ngati mpikisano wothamanga kwambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri la troodon. Pali chiphunzitso chakuti anali dinosaur wanzeru koposa onse. Ndiye kuti, sangakhale chilombo chongoganiza chabe, koma cholengedwa chothandiza komanso chosangalatsa.
2. Allosaurus
Allosaurus idalipo nthawi ya Jurassic ndipo idakhala ku United States komweko. Ndi imodzi mwamawu omwe amaphunziridwa kwambiri. Unali wokongola kwambiri, ngakhale unali waukulu. Thupi linali lozimiririka, miyendo yake inali yowonda, ndipo khosi linali loonda.
A Allosaurus adathamanga liwiro la ma kilomita 21 pa ola limodzi ndipo sizidavute kuti angagwere zomwe adabera.
Kutalika kwa thupi kunali 8-11 metres. Allosaurus inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi ma dinosaurs aku Jurassic kotero dzina lake limatanthawuza "bulu wina." Zikuwoneka kuti akatswiri a paleontologists amawaona kuti ndi osiyana kwambiri.
1. Spinosaurus
Spinosaurus inali yaubwino wachilengedwe ndipo inkakhala kudera la North Africa munthawi ya Cretaceous. Inali yayikulu kwambiri, ngakhale kuti khosi, miyendo ndi mchira zinali zochepa. Amadziwika kuti ndiwofalitsa wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pankhani imeneyi, anapitilira zimphona monga mpondzi ndi giganotosaurus.
Anatchuka chifukwa cha "bwato" lalikulu, lomwe limapanga machitidwe a dorsal ndi caudal vertebrae. Pakadali pano, cholinga chake chenicheni sichikudziwika, koma amalingaliridwa kuti adachigwiritsa ntchito kukopa othandizana nawo chimodzimodzi ndi mchira wa pikoko. Ngakhale kukambirana kumapitilizabe.
Spinosaurus inalinso dinosaur yokhayo yomwe mwina idalumikizana ndi sarcosuchus - chinyama chooneka ngati chinyama, chofikira mamitala 12 kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi matani 10. Zachidziwikire kuti spinosaurus anali wokhoza kukhala ndi dzina la "King of Dinosaurs".