A Scutosaurs (lat. Scutosaurus ) - mtundu wa pareiasaurs ochokera ku Late Permian (zaka 252-248 miliyoni zapitazo) aku Russia. Fotokozerani izi. Pareiasauridae.

Zinyama zazikulu, kutalika kwa chigaza kuyambira 20 mpaka 40 cm, mwinanso zochulukirapo. Kutalika konseku kuli mpaka mamita 3,5. Thupi ndi lotupa, vertebrae yokhala ndi zopindika zambiri, makamaka m'mbali. Mtundu wa nyama pamtundu wa chotchinga cha khomo lachiberekero ndi chotupa cha munthu, nthawi zina umawonetsedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa chishango pamtunda wa pachifuwa (motero dzina loti "cholengedwa chotchinga" kuchokera ku lat. scutum - "chishango"). Pali ma icaloderm a conical m'dera la khutu. Chigoba chimakhala chachikulu, chokhala ndi zophuka zamphamvu m'chigawo cha buccal komanso patsaya. Mosiyana ndi ma pareiasaurs aku Africa, misewu yake ndi yayikulu. Pa osteoderm, zala zam'miyendo ya zonyansa za pakhungu zimafotokozedwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa khungu lofewa. Zophimba za nyanga zimangokhala pamphuno ndi zigamba zazikulu za chigaza. Mano ali ngati ma tsamba, akhathamira, ofanana ndi mano a abuluzi - koma, mosiyana ndi abuluzi, pamene nsagwada zatsekedwa, mano ake samalumikizana. Mano a mandibular anali mkatikati kuchokera maxillary. Minofu ya nsagwada ndi yopanda mphamvu. Mwambiri, mano amatha kuwonetsa algae zakudya.

Zizindikiro za mafupa a postcranial amafotokozedwa ndi olemba osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, m'mabuku aku America, mafupa a scooter amawonetsedwa ndi miyendo yakutsogolo yolumikizidwa, yomwe imafanana ndi nyama ya padziko lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, chithunzi choyambirira cha chigoba (ndi mafupa omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu malo osungirako zinthu zakale) zimagwirizana ndi buluzi wamkulu wamiyendo yayifupi wokhala ndi miyendo yofalikira. M.F. Ivakhnenko amawona ma scutosaurs kukhala amadzi am'madzi, popeza mawonekedwe a mafupa am'mbuyomu (lamba lamapewa ochepa, mapangidwe opanda mafupa olimba) zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenda pamtunda. Zikuwoneka kuti zithunzi zaku America zimangotanthauza chinyama chosiyaniratu, ngakhale njira zopangika kwambiri zam'chiberekero zimawoneka kuti zikuwonetsa scutosaur. (Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ntchito yomanganso iyi, yojambulidwa ndi wojambula H. Ziska, idawoneka m'ntchito ya W.K. Gregory pazomwe zimapanga nthenga mu 1946. siginecha pansi pa chithunzi imati idapangidwa pamaziko a skeleton kuchokera ku American Museum of Natural History).

Ma Skutosaurs akufotokozedwa ndi V.P. Amalitsky kuchokera ku malo otchuka a Sokolki pagombe la Small Northern Dvina ngati Pareiosaurus karpinskii. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, matchulidwe a dzina lautundu "Pareiosaurus", Osati"Pareiasaurus”(Ponena za pareiasaur wodziwika bwino waku South Africa) anawuza kuthekera kopatula ma dinosaurs a Dvina kukhala a mtundu wapadera. Komabe, dzinalo “Pareiosaurus", Zikuwoneka, anali otanganidwa. Mu 1930, A.P. Hartmann-Weinberg adazindikira mtundu "Scutosaurus».

Chiwerengero cha mitundu chimasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 3. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mtundu umodzi wokha - S. karpinskii, kuchokera kumtunda wa Vyatka wa Upper Tatar woyambira wa Late Permian wa dera la Arkhangelsk ndi Tatarstan. Nthawi yomweyo, a M.F. Ivakhnenko amavomereza kupezeka kwa nyama za Sokolki za mtundu wina wocheperako - Scutosaurus tuberculatuszoperekedwa ndi Amalitsky. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yamtunduwu, scutosaurus yaying'ono imeneyi imakhala ndi chipolopolo chopangidwa modabwitsa komanso njira zopendekera zochepa. (Kwa wamkulu kwambiri wamtundu wanthawi zonse, kuchepetsedwa kwa zipolopolo ndi khalidwe). Scutosaurus wochokera ku Tatarstan akufotokozedwa ndi zidutswa za chigaza mu 1987 monga Scutosaurus itilensis. Kuphatikiza apo, Pareiasaurus wakale komanso wocheperako wochokera kumpoto kwa Dvinsk ku Tatarstan amawerengedwa mu mtundu wapadera ndi mitundu Proelginia permiana. Mitundu yonseyi imatha kufananirana ndi mibadwo yosiyana ndi / kapena mitundu yogonana yamtundu wamtundu umodzi.

Zikuwoneka kuti, ma scutosaurs amakhalanso matupi amadzi oyera a nthawi ya Late Permian, koma adazimiririka lisanathe. Kuchokera pazigawo za malire a Permian-Triassic (zovuta za Vyaznikovsky) sizikudziwika.

Pa chikhalidwe cha dziko

Ma Scootosaurs amawonetsedwa mu kanema wa BBC Kuyenda ndi Monsters. Moyo pamaso pa ma dinosaurs. " Scutosaurus imawonetsedwa ngati chinyama chapadziko lonse lapansi, chitha kuthamanga mtunda waufupi ndikuyenda m'chipululu kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina kukafunafuna madzi ndi masamba atsopano.

Mu gawo loyamba ndi la chisanu ndi chimodzi la nyengo yoyamba komanso gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la nyengo yachiwiri ya mndandanda "Jurassic Portal" adawonetsedwa Scutosaurus karpinskii , komabe, yayikulu kuposa momwe idaliri ndipo mosiyana ndi mtundu wawo weniweni, idayenda pamtunda.

Pareiazavrins. Scutosaurus, Gawo 1 (Scutosaurus) - 3/4

+ Scutosaurus. Scutosaurus. "Wopanga zishango, kuchokera ku scutum yachi Greek ndi chishango chachikopa, dzinali limawonetsa zikwatu zazikulu za zida zamkati za pfupa zophimba thupi." Late Permian (koyambirira kwa Wuchiapingian - Middle Changhsingian), kumpoto kwa Eastern Europe (dera la Arkhangelsk). Amalitsky (1922), Hartmann-Weinberg (1930). Choyamba kupezeka Scutosaurus ku Eastern Europe V.P. Amalitsky mu 1897 pa Mtsinje wa Malaya Severnaya Dvina. Zofufuza zake mwatsatanetsatane za malo a Sokolki zidabweretsa mafupa 13, zikopa zoposa 40 ndi mafupa angapo.

Kukonzanso kwa Scutosaurus malinga ndi Carroll, 1988

A Scutosaurs zidapezeka koyamba kudera lotchuka la Sokolki m'mphepete mwa Little Northern Dvina. Thupi ndi lotupa, vertebrae yokhala ndi zopindika zambiri, makamaka m'mbali. Mtundu wamtundu wa nyama uli ngati chida cha khomo lachiberekero ndi ziwombo za thunthu (motero dzina loti "cholengedwa chotchinga"). Mosiyana ndi a pareiasaurs aku Africa, A Scutosaurs matako amaso ndi akulu. Zimayandikira A Scutosaurs Wamphamvu, kumbuyo, mwina wowongoka, monga zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. Kupezeka A Scutosaurs kumapeto kwa Perm kwa dera la Arkhangelsk ndi Tatarstan.

Kumphepete mwa mtsinje. Dvina Wakumpoto Wachidule pafupi ndi mudzi. Efimovskaya pafupi ndi mzinda wa Kotlas, pomwe panali malo ofukula kwambiri a V.P. Amalitsky	Onani kuchokera ku malo a Zavrazhye kupita ku Sokolki, komwe kuli "mandala" opangidwa ndi miyala

Umu ndi momwe mungafotokozere za malo okhala A Scutosaurs M. Arefyev ndi V. Golubeva:

"Dongo lofiirira losatha lopanda njira zouma. Kutentha kuli pafupifupi 40 madigiri. Palibe cholengedwa chimodzi chazungulira - mahatchi owoneka okha otembenukira chikasu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe madzi amatha kutuluka nthawi yamvula. Koma mtambo wokhala ndi phulusa lamtambo umawoneka m'mlengalenga moyera buluu, umasambira mwachangu padera, nthawi yomweyo umachita mdima, ndipo kumawomba chimphepo chamkuntho. Mvula imagwa nthawi imodzi. Kachigawo kakang'ono ka ma rabid kamatsika pansi. Kuwala kwakhungu kumayatsidwa, kenako njoka yamtchire imadumpha kumwamba. Mvula yokhala ndi khoma lolimba imakwera pamwamba pa malo owuma. Misewu yowuma imapanikizika ndi madzi, imasefukira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja zosachepera zikusintha kukhala nyanja zenizeni pamaso pathu.

Malo ochedwa a Permian kumpoto kwa nsanja ya East European

Zimatenga masiku angapo, mvula igwa, madzi amapita kunyanja, mbewu zoyamba zikutuluka m'dziko lodzala madzi osefukira. Zitsamba zisonkhana munjira zosaya scootosaurs - Buluzi wamkulu wokhala ndi mafupa akulu akulu okhala ndi mafupa akumaso. Dothi louma liziwomberabe pamene msipu watsopano kuchokera ku mahatchi, ferns ndi plunds zifika kubusa watsopano ma dicynodonts. Kumbuyo kwawo kumawoneka ngati zigawenga zowononga. alendo. Zoyenera zazing'ono zidzabwera - mizere ndi kotlassii. Moyo wokhala ndi mayendedwe osatha aimfa ndi kubadwa umadzabweranso kudziko lodzala loledzera chinyezi. "

Scutosaurus ndi imodzi mwamipanda yayikulu kwambiri. Nyama yowuma iyi inali kukula kwa ng'ombe, kutalika mpaka 2.5-3,5 m, chigawo 40 cm. A Scutosaurs anali ndi thupi lalikulu lokwanira, lokutidwa ndi zipolopolo zam'mafupa, mutu wochepa pang'ono, mchira wamfupi, ndi miyendo yayikulu yopepuka yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi. Anali abuluzi opanda mafupa okhala ndi mafupa osakhazikika pamasaya ndi chingwe cholimba pamapewa awo, yolumikizidwa ndi minofu yayikulu yamakhosi. Chifukwa Scutosaurus zotsalira za anthu ochulukirapo zimadziwika. Pakalepo, sizinafotokozedwe, koma zitha kukhala zokulirapo kamodzi ndi theka mpaka kawiri kuposa masiku onse (tikulankhula za mafupa a miyendo).

Chigaza cha Scutosaurus, mbali yammbali

Scutosaurus. Chigoba cham'mimba ndi chamkati

Scutosaurus. Zisoti zapamwamba komanso za occipital

Chigoba cholemetsa ndichachikulu kwambiri komanso chotsika, muzzle ndi yotakata. Pamaso pa Scutosaurus mapangidwe okhala ngati mafupa opangidwa ndi peyala amapangidwa. Chigoba chimakhala chopingasa, chopendekera kwinakwake m'chigawo cha preorbital, chimakhala ndi socket yayikulu kwambiri (chiyerekezo cha mainchesi amaso achimaso mpaka kutalika kwa chigawo sichikupitilira 1: 4), chodutsa mbali ya kutsogolo. Mafupa achigoba okhala ndi chosema chowoneka bwino. Chicheki chimapangidwa mwamphamvu ndikuphimbidwa ndi zokongoletsera za conical. Zingwe za Osteodermal pamasaya ndi ma occiput ndizazungulira, kapena zopindika, sizimafikira kutalika kwa theka la kutalika kwa chigaza. M'mphepete mwenimweni mwa denga la chigoba ndi m'mphepete. The occipital condyle imangokhala pang'ono; mafupa a occipital apambuyo amatenga nawo mbali pakapangidwe kake. Maenje a Interterigoid ndi aatali. Pamafupa amphuno, ma tubercles okwera kwambiri okwana 3-4. Pa chigaza, pansi pa chingwe cha nsagwada, panali kolala yamfupa yambiri.

Sokolki scooter chigaza	Chigoba chokonzekeretsa scooter kuchokera pagulu la V.P. Amalitsky

Ivakhnenko amawona mafupa oyandikana nawo Scutosaurus kum'mphepete chakumaso kwa supratemporal kapena scaly bone yokhudzana ndi chithandizo chothandizira kumva ndipo imatchedwa sesamoid. Koma, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, mafupa ofananawo, omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri pareiasaurs, ndi ochokera ku mafupa ndipo amafanana ndi mbali zakunja za mapangidwe a dorsal carapace.

Dzino la Scutosaurus	Kapangidwe ka mano a scutosaurus. Mano okhala ndi masamba osaphika omwe ali ndi zigawo zambiri zofanana ndi mano a iguanas, ma cideids, ndi zina zam'madzi zotulutsa. Kapangidwe kotereku komanso thupi lozama kwambiri (lomwe mwachiwonekere linali ndi chimba chamagetsi) ndi umboni kuti ma palelesi owoneka ngati owopsawa analidi zitsamba zopanda vuto

Malingaliro a nthambi yakumanzere ya nsagwada yam'munsi ya Scutosaurus
AR - mafupa aular, PRA - fupa lam'mbuyo, CO - coronoid, DE - mano, AN - fupa la ma cell

Nsagwada ya m'munsi yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu la fupa la angular. Nsagwada iliyonse imakhala ndi mano 15-16, pomwe atatu aja ali mufupa lowonjezera. Korona wamano amagawidwa kukhala mano 9-17. Mano amati A Scutosaurs anali zitsamba zomwe zimadya pazomera zofewa.

Khungu limafupa khungu (osteoderm)	Arkhangelsk Museum of Local Lore

Zambiri za dorsal carapace Scutosaurus nthawi zambiri mumapangidwe amakono akulu (lathyathyathya, konkirepansi m'munsi, chozungulira chowongolera) komwe kumayang'anidwa ndi njira zowonjezera za vertebrae ndi mizere iwiri yamtengo mbali (kokha osteoderm yomwe imakhala pansi kuchokera pansi), mitundu ina imakhala ndi chishango chamkhosi champhamvu chopangidwa ndi osteoderms olumikizidwa ndi suture. Osteoderms mu vertebrae yoyamba sakhalapo Pareiasaurus.

Mafupa a scootosaurus, chomera cha herbivore kuchokera ku Perm of the Northern Dvina. Ichi ndiye mafupa a nyama yayikulu, yotengedwa kuzomwe zidayandikira, pafupi kwambiri ndi pareiasaur, yachotsedwa kale pazinthu zofunikirazo ndikuyika pazitsulo zachitsulo. Palibe chongopeka mu mafupa awa: chilichonse chomwe timawona ndi fupa lenileni, lokonzedwa kuchokera kupangika.
Paleozoological Museum of the Academy of Science

M'madera a khomo lachiberekero komanso am'mbuyomu - ozungulira. Pamodzi ndi msana pali njira zopota, zazitali kumtunda. Caudal vertebrae zosaposa 20.

Scutosaurus. Mawonedwe akunja (achikale) a tibia, B - pambuyo)	Baschi ya Scutosaurus

Chifupa cha scutosaurus wamkulu	Mafupa a scooter wachichepere pawonetsero la Museum ya Paleontological

Kleitrum u Scutosaurus kusowa. Miyendo yamphamvu yolimba ndiyifupi kwambiri, ndipo malekezero a mafupa am'mapazi a kumbuyo kwake sanapangidwe mokwanira komanso momveka bwino anali ndi tiziwalo tating'ono ta cartilaginous pineal. Mafupa oyenda phazi amapsinjika.

Scutosaurus. Chithunzi chochokera pa kanema wa BBC Kuyenda ndi Monsters. Moyo pamaso pa akatswiri ”

A ScutosaursMwachidziwikire, monga ma herbivores ambiri, anali ziweto, koma mawonekedwe awo osamukira mtunda wautali kukasaka chakudya cha nyama alibe umboni wokwanira. Tikukayikiranso kuti nyama zodya nyama zokhala ngati alendo zitha kulimbana ndi nyama yolemedwa kwambiri iyi, yayikulu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri m'malo mwake. Mwinanso, nyama zazing'ono, zodwala kapena zachikale zitha kugwidwa, monga zimodyera zamasiku ano, pomenya zitsamba zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, zonyansa.

Gypsum cast of sand nodule from metolocation Sokolki. Kuchokera pamutuwu, kukonzekera kwa Paleontological Institute kunachotsa mafupa a scutosaur. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi A. A. Medvedev. Museum of Paleontology	Zigawo za Repian zotsalira za scutosaurs. Mafupa a mafupa kutsogolo. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi A. A. Medvedev. Museum of Paleontology

Kuika mtima kwambiri A Scutosaurs ndi ma tetrapod ena mdera la Sokolki, mwina chifukwa cha ngozi ina yakomweko, zomwe zidachititsa kuti nyama zambiri zomwe zinkakhala pafupi ndi malo osungirako nyanjayo. Matupi awo sanali pafupi kunyamulidwa ndipo anaikidwa mwachangu mu ukulu wa mchenga, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafupa, ambiri omwe adasungidwa kwathunthu.

Chimodzi mwazosankha zakonzanso moyo ndi malo okhala ndi scooter

Ofufuza ena anena kuti nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kukhala zam'madzi zokha koma zam'madzi zambiri, koma kafukufuku amakono anena za malo okhala zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi.

Chithunzi cha Jurassic Portal Scootosaurus

Jurassic Portal Scootosaurus

Scutosaurus

Scutosaurus

Ku Williamstown, Kentucky, padapangidwa zithunzi zazikulu za Chingalawa cha Nowa, zomwe zimapereka malo kwa zinyama zonse za M'baibulo, kuphatikizapo zinasowa. Zithunzi zathuzo zonse za a Scutosaurs akuwonetsedwa mu imodzi mwamaselo a Nowa.

Inostrancevia, Scutosaurus ndi zilumikizano zake zogwirizana ndi nyengo ya Permian: Annatherapsidus, Dvinia, Chroniosuchus, Kotlassia, Microphon, Raphanodon, Dicynodontia sp.

Chithunzi cha munthu wamkulu wa Scutosaurus wochokera pawonetsero loyenda "Moyo Asanakhale Dinosaurs. Perm Monsters." Chithunzi chojambulidwa ku South Australia Museum, Adelaide

Fossil ya scutosaurus ya ana mu dzenje pamalo okumbako. Florida Museum of Natural History	Mafupa a scootosaurus wachichepere. Florida Museum of Natural History

Scutosaurus wakuda kwambiri samakoka thupi lake kwinakwake. Ngakhale mlendo - Cleland adakhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu "wofanana ndi nyama", ndipo osati wachibale wa zam'mlengalenga zamakono (kupatula akambuku). Cleland, H. (1916) Geology. Gawo II

Mutu wa buluzi wa scutosaurus mu mutu. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi V.P. Amalitsky, 1901. Mu 1899, Amalitsky adayamba kukumba pa mandala amodzi, omwe anali kama wamtsinje wakale, womwe udadzazidwa ndi mchenga, osayembekezera, adatulutsa chuma chambiri matani 20. Mafupawo anagona m'miyendo - miyala yamphamvu yamiyala yomwe inawazungulira ngati mlandu. Mafupa ena anali ndi mawonekedwe a abuluzi: mitu, maondo, ndi beseni zinayesedwa mwa iwo

Kukonzekera ndi chigaza cha scutosaur kuchokera ku malo ophatikizira a V.P. Amalitsky

V.P. Amalitsky (kumanja), A.A. Alendo (pakati) ndi okonza pafupi ndi fupa loyambirira lachi scoosaurus. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ku Paleontological Institute. A. A. Borisyak RAS

Chithunzi ichi kuchokera m'magazini "Spark" (pomwepo - zowonjezera pa nyuzipepala "Exchange Vedomosti") chikuwonetsa mafupa oyamba a dinosaur yopezeka ku Russia. Chiwonetsero chake chodziwika bwino chidachitika ku St.

Mafupa oyamba, oikidwa mu msonkhano wa V.P. Amalitsky, ndikuwonetsedwa kwa anthu mu Disembala 1900. Adafuna kupanga mafupa mwachangu momwe adathere ndipo adakonza m'miyezi iwiri yokha. Mafupa atatsala pang'ono kumaliza, mwachangu kuti akawonetse pamsonkhano wa Society of Naturalists, zidapezeka kuti alibe miyendo yakutsogolo. Ziwalo zomwe zikusowa zidabwerekedwa kwina, komanso miyendo ya kumbuyo. Zotsatira zake, woyamba scootosaurus modzitama anayimirira ndi miyendo inayi kumbuyo

Mawu: Amalitzkia, PareiosaurusProelginia.

Dokotala wa Sayansi M.F. Ivakhnenko amasiyanitsa kakang'ono kena mwa zinthu zakale zopezeka ku Sokoloki - Scutosaurus tuberculatus. Scutosaurus yaying'ono imasiyana ndi mtundu wamtunduwu popeza umakhala ndi carapace yopangidwa mwaluso yophimba mtengo ndi zotumphukira zochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, oyimira akuluakulu amtundu wamtundu ali ndi chipolopolo chochepetsedwa

+ S. tuberculatus. Scutosaurus ndiyabwino kwambiri.Late Permian (Changhsingian, Vyatka Age) waku Eastern Europe (Arkhangelsk Region, Malaya Severnaya Dvina River, Kotlas District, Sokolki, Ilyinskoye, Salarevskaya Suite). Amalitsky (1922). Ndi mafupa awiri athunthu okha omwe amadziwika - aang'ono komanso achikulire. Pali chipolopolo cha mafupa.

Scutosaurus tuberculatus (Amalitzky, 1922), chigaza pambali, holotype, dera la Arkhangelsk, p. M. Severnaya Dvina, Sokolki, Perman Late, Upper Chitata m'malo mwake

Kutalika kwa chigaza Scutosauruschifuwa chachikulu mpaka 36 masentimita, malo ofupika kwambiri, kutalika kwa gawo lake lokhalokha osapitilira theka la m'lifupi mwake. Kapangidwe kake padenga sikufanana ndi izi Scutosaurus karpinskii, kupatula malo ndi mawonekedwe a mapangidwe a osteodermal. Pa fupa lammphuno, ma cones omwe ali kutsogolo amakhala atali kwambiri, conical, wamkulu kwambiri ndi kunja, imodzi ya cones yachiwiriyo nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kupita ku mzere wamitundu. Mitsempha yamafupa amkati idakonzedwa mwachisawawa ndipo siyipanga mizere yofanana. Mitsempha yamafupa ochepa mphamvu amakhala yayitali ndipo amawongoleredwa pansi. Pfupa ili, msana wakunja kwa m'mphepete mwa zitatu zomwezo umapangidwa bwino.

Scutosaurus tuberculatus. Chibade, mtundu uliwonse. Kumanzere - mbali yakumanzere, kumanja - pansi. Dera la Arkhangelsk, Chigawo cha Kotlas, Sokolki, Salarevskaya Suite

Mkamwa mulinso zosiyana pakapangidwe kamkati kamtundu wakale. Komabe, mbali zakunja za choanae ndizochulukirapo, dera lomwe limatsikira kwambiri ndi pterygoid flank limafanana ndi gawo lakuthwa lakumapeto kwa notterigoid notch. Kholosolo ya khutu lapakati ndiyazungulira. Bokosi laubongo ndi lalikulu. Mfupa wamkulu wa occipital ndi wozungulira, wamkulu, wokhala ndi concave yozungulira.

Nsagwada yotsika Scutosauruschifuwa chachikulu mkulu, retroarticular ndondomeko ayi, kukula kwa mafupa pamafupa angular pang'ono pochepera kutalika kwa nsagwada.

Mafupa a postcranial ndi akulu, lamba laling'ono limakhala ndi scapulocoracoid yotalika, yotsika yopondera pang'ono. Poyerekeza malo omwe maonekedwe ake ali pa humerus ndi femur, mawondo ndi mawondo amiyendo adakwera pang'ono pamwamba kumapeto kwenikweni kwa humerus ndi femur.

Njira zopota zamkati mwa vertebrae ndizotsika, zokhala ndi mafelemu ozungulira, ozungulira. Pali chishango cha khomo lachibelekero chopangidwa ndi osteoderms yopyapyala.

A - khomo lachiberekero wa chifuwa chachikulu cha Scutosaurus, B - thunthu pambuyo pake

Chigoba chamthupi Scutosauruschifuwa chachikulu zopangidwa bwino, zimakhala ndi ma osteoderm ozungulira (mpaka 50mm m'mimba mwake) zomwe zimapangidwa m'njira zowongolera, m'mphepete mwa izo, pakati pa vertebrae, ndizofanana zazikuluzikulu zam'makutu, zomwe zimachepera pang'ono kukula mpaka kutsikira nthiti. Khosi la osteoderm limalumikizidwa ndi chipolopolo chopitilira. Pakati pa ma osteoderm akulu, ang'onoang'ono ozungulira agona, omwewo, mwachidziwikire, akumeta mbali ndi pansi pa thupi. Ma icaloderm ang'onoang'ono am'madzi adapezeka, atha kukulira ngati mawonekedwe amkati ndikuzungulira gulu loyang'aniridwa (lofanana ndi mipiringidzo pakhosi ya abuluzi amakono achikale). M'chigawo cha mchira, mbale ndi zofanana ndi zotuluka.

Scutosaurus tuberculatus osiyana ndi Scutosaurus karpinskii kapangidwe ka phokoso, maziko ake, mawonekedwe ake ndi mafupa a mafupa pamafupa amkati, njira yochepa yofupikira ya fupa lamanzere, komanso mtengo wokulira wopanga bwino.

Alendo (Inostrancevia latifrons), yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamtundu wa gorgonopsids, wokhala ndi scutosaurus (Scutosaurus tuberculatus), wocheperako pang'ono kuposa a Karpinsky Skutosaurus odziwika

Ivakhnenko akuti ndi wosiyana ndi Scutosaurus karpinskii mafupa amphuno ochulukirapo, kukhalapo kwa zida zamkati ndi njira yayifupi. Komabe, mafupa amphuno Scutosaurus karpinskii Amasiyana kwambiri kukula ndipo izi sizachilendo patsamba lino. Zovala zachikopa zimapezekanso m'mafanizo ambiri. Scutosaurus karpinskii, koma ambiri aiwo adachotsedwa pakadagawikana.

Mawu: Pareiosaurus tuberculatus, Pareiasaurus tuberculatus, Pareiasuchus tuberculatus.

+ S. itilensis. Scutosaurus Itilian. "Itil - dzina lakale la mtsinje. Volga. " Late Permian (Changhsingian, Vyatka century), Russia, dera la Volga, (Chitata, mtsinje wa Sviyaga, mudzi wa Ilyinskoye, dera la Klyuchevaya) Ivakhnenko ndi Lebedev (1987). Mtundu wa holot ndi gawo la chigaza.

Kutalika kwa chigaza Scutosaurusziloz osachepera 40 cm, muzzle ndi wokwera kwambiri, kutalika kwake kokhala gawo limodzi kotalika mbali zitatu za mulifupi. Pamtengo wokwera kwambiri wa nsagwada yapamwamba, pansi pa lotseguka lalikulu lolembapo, pali bampu lalikulu lozungulira. Fossa ya pambuyo pake yammphuno ndiyochepa, lathyathyathya. Kutsegula kwa parietal ndizochepa, pafupifupi pakati pakutalika kwa mafupa a parietal.

Kukonzanso chigaza cha Scutosaurus itilensis ndi holotype. Tatarstan, Klyuchevaya Ravine, Zoatka zam'mlengalenga

Pa lalikulu mafupa a Scutosaurusziloz pali ma conical osteodermal conical ozungulira, anterior otsika, atali, chachiwiri, conical, amapangidwa kwambiri. Pali ma neural flat osteoderms. Chishango cha khomo lachiberekero chimakhala ndi mafupa amakulu oundodisi wolumikizidwa ndi ma suture olimba.

Pamatumba a pterygoids palate mano amakhala pamtunda wokulirapo.

Mfupa wamkulu wa occipital Scutosaurusziloz chachikulu kwambiri, ndi concave yozungulira condyle. Kulankhula kwa basiperteroid sikuyenda. Mafupa a khutu la kapisozi amachoka, pazenera lalikulu, lozungulirapo limakhala lotsika. Kupindika kwa khutu lapakati pakati pa mbale yolumikizira pterygoid ndi periotic kumakweza pang'ono motalikirapo, kwamkatikati mwa dongosolo.

Pamodzi ndi zotsalira Scutosaurus itilensis adapeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa osteoderms. Khosi ndi sacrum, monga mkati Scutosaurus tuberculatus, pamakhala mitundu yambiri yamafupa, ndipo m'chiberekero cha khomo lachiberekero nthawi zina zimalumikizidwa ndi ma serated sutures. Pa nsagwada ya m'munsi, yayitali komanso yochepa, pali kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafupa, kamakhala kochepa kwambiri mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa nsagwada, njira yobwezeretsanso ndiyifupi. Chigoba chamthupi chokhala ndi khosi la osteoderms yotchulidwa.

Mbale ya mraba-zygomatic fupa Scutosaurus itilensis

Malinga ndi Ivakhnenko Scutosaurus itilensis osiyana ndi Scutosaurus karpinskii maluwa ozungulira ozungulira, khutu lalikulupo la khutu lapakati, kusiyana kwa chigaza. Komabe, zotumphukira zozungulira zokhala ndi nyengo ndizomwe zimapangira nyengo, kutuluka kumodzi sikuwonongeka kumanzere kowala mafupa ndipo ndi lakuthwa komanso kofanana, ngati Scutosaurus karpinskii. Mtsetse wamkati wamkati uli wofanana ndi zofanizira zina. Kusiyana kwa chigaza sikungathe kutsimikizika chifukwa cha kugawanika kwakukulu, komwe kumapangitsa kukonzanso chigaza. Komabe, zinthu zonse zomwe zimatsala ndizofanana ndi Scutosaurus karpinskii. Makamaka, imakhala ndi scyngulum ya seranced pa ena (koma osati onse) am'mphepete mwa mano ndi chifuwa chakumaso pakati pa tuballes zapansi; izi sizimachitika pareiasaurs ena. Lilinso ndi nyanga pachiwono chake.

Mwanjira imeneyi Scutosaurus itilensis ndi ofanana Scutosaurus karpinskii.

Kupeza kochokera ku dera la Arkhangelsk kuchokera ku severodvinsk kutalika - pareiasaurus wakale komanso wocheperako adadziwika ndi ofufuza ngati mtundu wosiyana ndi mtundu wa Proelginia permiana

+Proelginiachovomerezeka. Permiangia Perm. "Ku Elginia." Late Perm (Lopingian, Wuchiapingian), Russia (Chitarstan, chigwa cha Semin, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Ilyinskoye, Tetyushki district, Severodvinsk Horon. Hartmann-Weinberg (1937). Mtundu wa holot ndi chigoba chayekha.

Komwe kuli mudzi wa Ilyinsky Tetyushsky. Kumanja - chigwa cha Ilyinsky pafupi ndi malo otsalira a Proelginia

Mphepo ya Semin idutsa kudera lakumanzere kwa mtsinje wa Ulemka kumalire akummwera kwa mudzi wa Ilyinskoye m'boma la Tetyushinsky ku Tatarstan. Kuno mu 1930, katswiri wa paleontologist, Pulofesa A.P. Hartmann-Weinberg apeza ma dinosaurs a Permian.

Proelginia zochepa kwambiri Scutosaurus, chigamba chake chimangokhala 16 cm, chomwe chimafanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 1.5 m, pomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scutosaurus imakhala ndi chigoba kuyambira 26 mpaka 40 cm. Deltavatiaat Proelginia Kutuluka kwa mafupa m'masaya ndi mafupa amphuno sikunapangidwe bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe amkati a dorsal amayimiriridwa ndi mafupa okhaokha - ozungulira pama nthiti ndikuzungulira mbali zamkati mwa ma vertebrae.

Proelginia permiana. Chigoba kuyambira pansipa, kuchokera kumtunda ndi kumbali, kumanganso holotype, Tatarstan, Semin Ovrag, Late Permian, Upper Chitata gawo. Chiyerekezo ichi akuti Scutosaurus permianus (HartmannWeinberg, 1937)

Zikuyenera Proelginia permiana ndi wosiyana ndi Scutosaurus karpinskii ndi kuti:

1. palibe kutsegula kwa pineal,
2. auricle sanapangidwe bwino,
3. mawonekedwe a interterigoid (otanthauziridwa molakwika ngati choana) ali oumbika kwambiri kuposa mawonekedwe a V,
4. nthambi yayikulu ya pterygoid imatsogozedwa pambuyo pake osati kumbuyo, ndipo lalikulu coryle ili ndi mwayi wopitilira,
5. gawo lachifwamba la chigaza limakwezedwa,
6. Zojambula za khungu ndizopangidwa mwaluso, osati machitidwe akunja ndi zopota zopotera,
7. phokoso lalifupi
8. malo okondera ndi akulu, koma kutuluka kwina kwa chigamba sikungapangike pang'ono,
9. mabatani a buccal ang'ono

Proelginia permiana. Mtundu wina wa scootosaurus wochokera kudera la Perm Volga, yemwe kale amatchedwa Scutosaurus permianus. Chithunzi chochokera m'buku la M.F. Ivakhnenko "Living kale of the Earth"	Fuvu la pareiasaurus Proelginia permiana. Semin ndi dzenje lomwe limadutsa kumphepete kwakumanzere kwa Mtsinje wa Ulemka pafupi ndi kumwera kwa mudzi wa Ilyinskoye, Tetyushsky District, Tatarstan. Kuchokera pagulu la Museum of Paleontological Museum. Yu.A. Orlova

Palibe chilichonse mwazomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa. Proelginia permiana sizoyenera:

1. dera la occipital lachitsanzo limawonongeka kwambiri ndipo yambiri idapangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, kotero kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa kutsegula kwa pineal sikungadziwike,
2. auricle idapangidwanso bwino mu enareireiurs ena, kuphatikiza Scutosaurus,
3. V-woboola pakati wolumikizira m'maphatikizidwe ena Scutosaurus ndichinthu chakukonzekera kwambiri,
4. nthambi yayikulu ya pterygoid ili ndi chiwongolero chofananira (mbali yakumbuyo ndi pang'ono kumbuyo) mu zonse taxa,
5. kukwera kwa gawo la postorbital la chigaza chifukwa cha kupotoza kwa taphonomic,
6. mu taxa, kujambula khungu kumakhala masamba ndi zitunda zosowa,
7. phokoso lalitali motalika zonse ziwiri,
8. kufalikira kwakukulu Proelginia osati zazikulu, zotsalira zotsalira mu lingaliro lino zimapangidwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi akulu Scutosaurus,
9. zopindika zazikulu zimawoneka zazing'ono mkati Proelginia permiana

Chifukwa chake, zosiyana ziwiri zomaliza zokha ndizomwe zilipo: kukulira kovunda kwamitundu yopanda zipatso ndi ma buccal flank. Palibenso nyanga pa chibwano chapamwamba. Komabe, popeza kuti mizere yazofanizira ndi theka basi la chigaza cha munthu wamkulu Scutosaurus, ndiye kuti kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale kwagengenetic. Proelginia amadziwika ndi holotype yokha, ndipo zimapezeka kuti mtunduwu udadziwika ndi wachinyamata choncho ndikakaikira, ndipo dzinalo Proelginiachovomerezeka Kodi ndi mawu ofanana kwambiri pa onse Scutosaurus karpinskii.

Kukonzanso gawo la chakudya pazakudya zam'madzi komanso zam'madzi za Severodvinsk Community (Malokinelskaya ndi Vyasovskaya suites, Late Tatar century) kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe Russia. Mizere yomwe ili ndi mivi ikuwonetsa kuyenda kwa mphamvu kudutsa mdera: mizere yolimba iwonetsa njira zopangira, mizere yolowera ikuwonetsa njira zowola.
Zopangira madzi: (1) Zomera zam'madzi, (2) ma invertebrates, taxa, omwe udindo wawo m'matumbo a chakudya padziko lapansi ndi woperewera. Zigawo za amphibious: taxa yomwe imagwira gawo lalikulu mu unyolo wam'madzi ndi wapadziko lapansi. Zigawo zam'mlengalenga: (3) Zomera, (4) ma invertebrates, taxa omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazakudya za padziko lapansi, (5) kuchotsera kwa nyama ndi nyama, (6) paleonisciform, (7) mphutsi za amphibian, (8) Dvinosaurus, (9) ) Karpinskiosaurus, (10) Chroniosaurus, (11) cholembera Microphone, (12) pareiasaur Proelginia (mtundu woyambirira wa Scutosaurus), (13) Suminia, (14) dicynodonts, (15) gorgonopsids

Model Pareiasaurus Proelginia Museum ku Totma

Shishkin (1996) komabe adazindikira kuti holotype Proelginia permiana amachokera kutali kwambiri kuposa Scutosaurus karpinskii ndikuti zofanizira zonse kuchokera kuzowonekazi ndizochepa kukula. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana kwakutali sikungakhale kwazowonadi, koma koteroko. Komabe, zigaza 3 zokha ndizomwe zimadziwika kuchokera kumtunda uno, zonse zazitali pang'ono, kotero umboni wa kusiyana m'masayizi enieniwo suwofunikira kwenikweni.

Mawu: Scutosaurus karpinskii, Scutosaurus chovomerezeka,Scutosaurus chilolezo.