Mtundu wa ubweya wa sofa waku Japan umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu chofiirira mpaka chofiirira chakuda; pali gawo loyera kumbuyo kwa mutu. Ili ndi gawo lalitali lachitetezo cha martens ambiri, miyendo yayifupi, komanso mchira wowonda. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamazi kumafika pa 47 mpaka 54 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira kuchokera 17 mpaka 23. Amuna ndi olemera kwambiri kuposa zazikazi ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 1.6 makilogalamu, pomwe akazi ndi pafupifupi 1,3 kg.
Kufalitsa
Nyumba za ku Japan zoyambirira zinali ndi zilumba zitatu zakum'mwera zaku Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Tsushima, komanso Korea. Kuti athe kupeza ubweya, adapititsanso kuzilumba za Hokkaido ndi Sado. Mitundu yake yachilengedwe makamaka ndi nkhalango, koma nthawi zina imapezeka m'malo otseguka.
Nkhani ya Tobolsk
Chimakhala mdera lomwe lili pakati pa mapiri a Ural ndi Ob. Mtundu wa ubweya wake umakhala wopepuka, kuyambira mtundu wa bulauni mpaka utoto wonyezimira. Imakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu komanso ubweya wopepuka kwambiri, pakati pa mitundu yonse yabwino.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mutu mu amuna ndi 41-51 cm, ndipo mwa akazi - 37-49 cm. Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 13-17 cm.
Moyo
Zochepa sizikudziwika za moyo wamasamu aku Japan. Amamanga zisa m'makola m'dothi komanso pamitengo. Amabisala masana kuti akapite kukadya chakudya usiku. Izi ndi nyama zam'munda zomwe zimayika malo awo ndi chinsinsi cha timadzi tokoma. Kupatula nthawi yakukhwima, amakhala okha. Monga ma martens ambiri, ndi nyama zowoneka bwino zomwe zimadya nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi nyama zina zapakhomo monga mbalame ndi achule, komanso crustaceans, tizilombo, zipatso ndi mbewu.
Kukwatirana kumayamba mu Marichi - Meyi; mu Julayi - Ogasiti, wamkazi amabweretsa kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 5 cubs. Pakatha miyezi 4, amayamba kudziyimira pawokha.
Mawonekedwe
Monga mitundu ina yayikulu, tchire la ku Japan limakhala ndi thupi lochepera komanso losalala, miyendo yayifupi ndi mutu wozungulira. Pamodzi ndi mutu, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi 47-54 masentimita, ndipo mchirawo umakhala ndi masentimita 17- 23. Koma mchira wamphongo ndi ubweya wotchuka kwambiri ndi gawo lodziwika bwino kwambiri lanyama yanyama. Komanso, nyamayo imakopa ndi ubweya wake wachikasu wonyezimira. Pali martens aku Japan ndi bulauni. M'malo mwake, ubweya wa nyama imakhala ndi "chobisika" kuti igwirizane ndi malo ake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chinthu chinanso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi malo okongola amenewa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pakhosi. Nyama zina ndi yoyera bwino, koma ina imatha kukhala yachikasu kapena yotuwa.
Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi pachikhalidwe chokulirapo. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, zomwe ndizochulukitsa katatu kuposa kulemera kwa mkazi. Kulemera kwachizolowezi komwe akazi aku Japan amakula kumachokera ku 500 g mpaka kilogalamu imodzi.
Utali wamoyo
Kutchire, aku Japan amakhala ngati ali ndi zaka 9 mpaka 10. Nyama zomwe zimasungidwa muubwino, pafupi ndi malo achilengedwe, mwayi wokhala ndi moyo umatha kuchuluka. Ngakhale izi ndizosowa, ndikosavuta kuwona marten aku Japan kapena mitundu ina yowoneka bwino mu malo osungira nyama.
Habitat, malo okhala
Sable yaku Japan imapezeka makamaka kuzilumba za Japan - Shikoku, Honshu, Kyushu ndi Hokkaido. Nyamayi idatengedwa kupita kuchilumba chomaliza kuchokera ku Honshu mu 40s kuti akachulukitse malonda. Komanso, marten achi Japan amakhala kudera la Peninsula ya Korea. Malo okondedwa a nkhokwe ku Japan ndi nkhalango. Makamaka nyamayi imakonda nkhalango zamtchire ndi oak. Amatha kukhala pamwamba kwambiri m'mapiri (mpaka 2000 m pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja), pokhapokha ngati pali mitengo yomwe imatetezedwa ndi khola. Ndi zachilendo pamene nyama ikhala pamalo otseguka.
Zoyenera kukhala moyo wakufera waku Japan pachilumba cha Tsushima. Palibe nyengo yozizira, ndipo 80% ya gawo lake ndi nkhalango. Anthu ochepa pachilumbachi, kutentha kwabwino ndizotsimikizira zabwino za moyo wabata, wamtendere komanso kuswana kwa ubweya wa nyama.
Zakudya zofunikira za ku Japan
Kodi chimadya nyama yokongola komanso yokongola iti? Kumbali imodzi, iye ndi wadyera (koma nyama zochepa), kwinakwake - wamasamba. Marten achi Japan akhoza kutchedwa odnivorous osati osankhika. Nyama imasinthika mosavuta kumalo komwe imakhala komanso kusintha nyengo, ndipo imatha kudya nyama zazing'ono, tizilombo, zipatso ndi mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri, zakudya za ku Japan zotchedwa marten zimakhala ndi mazira, mbalame, achule, crustaceans, mwachangu, mazira, nyama zing'onozing'ono, mavu, mbewa, kafadala, akangaude, anthu osiyanasiyana okhala m'masamba, makoswe, mphutsi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Wogulitsa ku Japan kusaka mphutsi zamtunduwu samalumidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tating'ono. Pazifukwa zina, mkwiyo wawo umadutsa omwe amawononga zisa zawo. Monga kuti ma saboti akuyamba kuwoneka pakanthawi kochepa - chinsinsi cha chilengedwe!
Marten waku Japan amadya zipatso ndi zipatso akasoŵa zakudya zina. Nthawi zambiri "masamba" ake amagwa nthawi yamasika mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kwa anthu, mbali yabwino ya marten yaku Japan ndikuti amawononga makoswe ang'onoang'ono - tizirombo ta minda ndikuwupulumutsa pakututa tirigu.
Adani achilengedwe
Mdani wowopsa kwambiri pafupifupi nyama zonse, kuphatikiza nthambo ya ku Japan, ndi munthu yemwe cholinga chake ndi ubweya wokongola wazinyama. Osaka nyama amasaka ubweya mwa njira zoletsedwa.
Zofunika! Pakati pamiyala yapa Japan (kupatula zilumba za Tsushim ndi Hokkaido, momwe nyamayo imatetezedwa ndi lamulo), kusaka kumaloledwa miyezi iwiri yokha - Januware ndi February!
Mdani wachiwiri wa nyamayi ndi chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe: chifukwa cha zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, nyama zambiri zimamwaliranso. Chifukwa cha zinthu ziwiri izi, anthu osunthika ku Japan atsika kwambiri kotero kuti amayenera kulembedwa mu International Red Book. Ponena za adani achilengedwe, alipo ochepa kwambiri. Kutha kwa nyama ndi moyo wake wamadzulo ndizitetezo zachilengedwe ku ngozi zobisala. Marten waku Japan, ikawona kuti ndiwopseza moyo wake, nthawi yomweyo imabisala m'maenje a mitengo kapena ma mink.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Ndi mwezi woyamba wamasamba, nthangala ya ku Japan imayamba nyengo yakukhwima. Kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi mpaka Meyi, nyama zimakwatirana. Anthu omwe afika pa kutha msinkhu - zaka 1-2 ali okonzeka kupanga ana. Akazi akakhala ndi pakati kuti palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa ana kuti abadwe, kusuntha kumachitika mthupi: njira zonse, kagayidwe kachakudya zimalepheretseka, ndipo chinyama chimatha kunyamula mwana wosabadwayo m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.
Kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka theka loyamba la Ogasiti, mbadwa za ma Japan zimabadwa. Zinyalala zimakhala ndi ana agalu 1-5. Ana akhanda amabadwa atakutidwa ndi ubweya wocheperako, wakhungu komanso wopanda thandizo. Zakudya zawo zazikulu ndi mkaka wachikazi. Maliseche ang'onoang'ono akafika zaka zapakati pa 3-4, amatha kusiya makolo awo, chifukwa amatha kusaka okha. Ndipo mwakukula kwa kugonana, amayamba "kulemba" malire amadera awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri zapitazo, marten wa ku Japan (Martes melampus) adakhala mtundu wina wosiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira (Martes zibellina). Masiku ano, pali magulu atatu a iwo - Martes melampus coreensis (malo okhala ku South ndi North Korea), Martes melampus tsuensis (malo okhala pachilumbachi ku Japan - Tsushima) ndi M. m. Melampus.
Ndizosangalatsa! Masabusikiti a Martes melampus tsuensis amatetezedwa movomerezeka pa Zilumba za Tsushima, momwe 88% nkhalango, yomwe 34% imakhala yodziyimira. Masiku ano, malo achitetezo achi Japan amatetezedwa ndi malamulo ndipo amalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Chifukwa cha zochita za anthu m'chilengedwe cha Japan, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika, komwe sikunakhudze moyo wa oyang'anira achi Japan mwanjira yabwino. Chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri (poaching, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo). Mu 1971, anaganiza zoteteza nyamayo.
Barguzinsky sable
Amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baikal komanso konsekonse kwa Barguzinsky. Imakhala ndimtundu umodzi wa ubweya wakuda kwambiri, ngakhale pali ma subspecies omwe ali ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda.Ulitali wa thupi ndi mutu mwa amuna ndi 39-42 cm, ndipo mwa akazi 36-41 cm. Kutalika kwa mchira mwa amuna ndi 12-15 masentimita, akazi 12-14 cm.
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Sable yaku Japan, kapena Japan marten (lat. Martes melampus) ali ndi malo apadera mu nthano za ku Japan. Achijapani amakhulupirira kuti chilombochi chikakhala chachikulu, ndicochenjera kwambiri komanso ndi ulemu waukulu ayenera kuchizidwa. Ngati mwamukhumudwitsa mwangozi, mudzatentha pamoto ndi zinthu zanu zonse. Mukakhala bwino, mudzangophimbidwa ndi avaloche m'mapiri.
Chikhulupiriro chotere chidabuka chifukwa cha ubweya wowala wa nyamayo. Ikasunthika mwachangu, anthu okhala ndi lingaliro lolemera amatenga ngati malilime oyaka.
Ku Japan wakale, komwe moto unkachitika pafupipafupi, ngakhale a samurai ovuta sankafuna kukumana ndi nyama yoopsa.
Nthawi yomweyo, tinkakhulupirira kuti ngati ungakwanitse kukumana ndi nyama yodyetsedwa bwino komanso yosekerera mu chipewa cha bambo bambo mutanyamula botolo la bokosi limodzi ndi mtolo wolemetsa wama banki enawo, ndiye kuti mukuyembekeza kuchita bwino komanso kuchita bwino.
Malo okhalamo achi Japan
Tsopano pali magulu atatu. M.m. melampus imapezeka kuzilumba zambiri kumwera kwa Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), M.m. coreensis imagawidwa pagawo la Peninsula ya Korea, ndi M.m. tsuensis amakhala pachilumba cha Tsushima okha ndipo akuopsezedwa kuti ziwonongedwe. Kuti aweta ngati nyama za ubweya, malo oyamba amabweretsedwa kuzilumba zakumpoto za Sado ndi Hokkaido. Kafukufuku wamtunduwu akusonyeza kuti kupatukana kwa mtunduwu kuchokera ku Martes zibellina, komwe tsopano ndi ku Sibiga ya taiga, kunachitika zaka pafupifupi 1.8 miliyoni zapitazo.
Nyama yodya nyama, monga mamembala ena a banja la a Kunih (lat. Mustalidae), imakhala nthawi yayitali. Imakwera mitengo mwachidule ndipo imadumphadumpha kuchoka pamtengo kupita kumtengo, imayandikira mtunda wautali mita 1.5. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi malo ake osakira ndi malo a 0.6-0.8 mita. km Malire ake amadziwika ndi chinsinsi cha fungo lonunkhira, mkodzo ndi ndowe.
Mphamvu yafungo lokhazikika imalepheretsa nyama kuti isalowe mu fungo lamphamvu la munthu wina, kotero zolimba pakati pawo ndizosowa kwambiri.
Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, makamaka ngati mitengo yazituni. Pamalo oterowo nthawi zonse pamakhala mitengo yambiri yomwe ili ndi mabowo pomwe mungathe kubisala pangozi iliyonse kapena kukumba dzenje pansi pa mizu yolimba.
Mdani wamkulu wachilengedwe ndi agalu onyenga. Kubera anthu zachilengedwe kumakonda kupezeka m'madera ena. Nyama zimagwidwa kuti zisonkhanitse zachinsinsi kapena kuwombera ubweya wamtengo wapatali.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mapepala aku Japan ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa chodabwitsa kwambiri. Zakudya zawo zimatengera nyengo komanso nyengo. Amadya chakudya cha nyama komanso zomera. Zakudya zamasamba zimaphatikizapo zipatso, mbewu ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zabwino kwa iwo ndi mphesa, nkhuyu, ma supimmon, mululosi, actinidia, raspberries ndi yamatcheri.
Nyamazo zimakonda kudya abuluzi, nyongolotsi, nkhono, akangaude, kafadala ndi mbewa. Nthawi zina, samakana kudya mazira a mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono. Omwe akuwazunza ndi mbewa ndi makoswe, kawirikawiri agologolo ndi mavu. Pogwiritsa ntchito makoswe ndi tizilombo tosavulaza, zimasunga zachilengedwe m'magawo omwe amakhala. Amathandizanso pakugawa mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwa mbewu zosasamba mumalondowo ndi 60% ya chakudya chilichonse chomwe chimadyedwa.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 47-54 cm, ndipo mchira 17-23 cm. Akazi osaposa kilogalamu imodzi. Chophimbacho ndichachikulu, chofewa komanso chowonda. Mitundu imasiyanasiyana kuyambira tofiira mpaka bulauni. Mimba imakhala yoyera kapena zonona. Malo oyera oyera ali kumapeto kwa mutu ndi kupukutira. Matata aafupi ndifupikitsa. Mchira wake ndiwofewa. Thupi limasinthasintha komanso limadutsa.
Kutalika kwa moyo wamakono aku Japan mu vivo sikudziwika. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala zaka 12.
