Crested Pegan (Tadorna cristata) - mbalame kuchokera kubanja la abakha (Anatidae).

Bakha ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa mallard: kutalika konse kumasiyana kuchokera pa masentimita 63 mpaka 71. Mbalame zazikulire zazimuna zonse ziwiri zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwakuda kwa kumtunda kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu, komabe, gawo logawidwa lakuda limasiyana mosiyanasiyana: ngati wamwamuna ali ndi munda wamdima, chigoba chimayang'ana pamaso, kenako wamkazi kuzungulira maso malo oyera mwa mawonekedwe a "mfundo" amakonzedwa. Gawo lam'mutu la mutu ndi khosi limapangidwanso utoto mosiyanasiyana: mwaimuna, maula ndi a bulauni-achikuda, mwa akazi ndi oyera. Amuna nawonso amatulutsa zobiriwira zakuda, pafupifupi mabere akuda, ndi imvi zakuda zokhala ndi miyendo yakuda kumbuyo ndi m'mimba. Zachikazi zimakhala zofiirira kwambiri. Malo oyera oyera amapangika pamapiko a amuna ndi akazi, zomwe zikuwonetsa ubale wawo wapamtima ndi ankhandwe ena.

Habitat

Eugeniusz Nowak, katswiri wazamaphunziro wa ku Germany wa mbadwa za ku Poland, wapanga mndandanda wathunthu wonena zokweza nkhumba zomwe zamira, ndipo potengera izi afotokozeranso kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo. Wasayansiyo akuti mbalameyo imakhala m'mapiri a Primorye komanso kum'mwera kwa Sakhalin, ku China Manchuria komanso kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Korea. Panthawi yopanda chisa, mbalameyo imatha kusamukira kumwera, kukafika kuzilumba zakumwera za Japan, gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Korea Peninsula ndi Shanghai.

Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zikuwoneka ndizokhudzana ndi kugunda kwa gombe la nyanja, makamaka nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'zaka za XX, malipoti angapo ochokera ku China adalembedwa kuti bakha adawonedwa pamtunda wamadzi osiyanasiyana mkati mwa chigawo, kuphatikiza kumapiri a Greater Khingan pafupi ndi malire a Sino-Mongolia.

Moyo ndi Kubereka

Khalidwe la pegans wokhalapo silinaphunzire. Kapangidwe kamalomo kamakhala kuti mbalameyo sikanadyeko chakudya chomwe chimachokera kumadzi (palibe makina osasadzira) ndipo makamaka udzu wokhala chakudya chake chachikulu. Novak adati mbalameyi mwina imakhala m'maenje a mitengo, ngakhale kuti sizinatanthauze mwayi wokonza zisa m'miyala yam'mbali. Mitundu ina ya nkhumba, yaikazi yokha ndi yomwe imalowa, kuchuluka kwa mazira mu clutch sikupitirira khumi. M'zochitika zonse zodziwika, magulu a pegan ankakumana nawo awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Nkhani

Sizinakhalepo zotheka kukhazikitsa chaka ndi mbiri yakale. Otsatira akuti bakha wobwezeretsedwa chifukwa cha kupha mwangozi kapena kuwumba kwa nyama kuchokera ku nyama zazikazi zaku China komanso nkhuku zaku Europe.

Oimira mtunduwu adatumizidwa kuchokera ku Southeast Asia kupita ku Holland zaka zoposa 3 zapitazo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, Corydalis adawetedwa pagawo la dziko lino, ndichifukwa chake amtunduwo adalandira dzina lachiwiri "Dutch". Bakha wolimba amatha kupezeka mu zojambula za ojambula achi Dutch ambiri azaka 17-18.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe

Abakha omwe ali ndi chipewa champhamvu kapena korona wa nthenga zazitali zopyapyala amapanga gulu lotulutsa. Mitundu yonse yomwe ili m'gulu la Corydalis imasiyana mumitundu yofananira:

1. Zida. Corydalis ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi ma mulards kapena mitundu ina ya nyama. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo, kutengera mitundu, ndi 2-3 kg (kwa abakha) kapena 2.5-3,5 kg (kwa ma drake).
2. Mtundu. Ngakhale zili zazing'ono, mbalame zosinthika zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mamina okhazikika komanso mamangidwe omata. Thupi la bakha limakhala lokwera, kumbuyo kuli kwakukulu komanso kutalika, ndipo chifuwa chimakhala chozungulira komanso chozungulira. Khosi la Corydalis ndi lalifupi ndipo limatuluka pang'ono. Mlomo wake umakhala wamtali kapena wamfupi komanso wamtundu wozungulira. M'mitundu ina, imakwezedwa pang'ono. Matata a abakha ndi afupiafupi, amphamvu, kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a mapikowo zimatengera amtundu wamtunduwo.
3. Mapaundi. Nthenga zake zachikuda ndizakhungu, zowonda komanso zolimba kukhudza. Mtundu wa mbalame umatengera makolo awo. Gulu lodziwika bwino pakati pa gulu lonse la kubereketsa limagwirizanitsidwa pakati pa kukula kwa nthenga ndi mulomo: m'makanda okhala ndi mitundu yakuda, mulomo wowala komanso wakuda umadziwika.
4. Mawonekedwe a jini mu phenotype. Jini yomwe imatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa crest - mtundu waukulu wa mtundu, umadziwonetsera mu phenotype (mawonekedwe) a bakha mu 80% yokha mwa milandu. Ngati m'modzi wa makolo alibe chikhulupiriro, chizindikirochi sichikhala chosowa.
5. Zopatsa. Kupanga kwa abakha kumakhala kotsika: amatha kukula mwachangu, koma kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu sikupitirira 3-3,5 kg. Corydalis nthawi zambiri imakulidwa kuti ipange mazira. Kupanga kwa mbalame zamkati zimatengera kukula kwa maere: abakha okhala ndi nduwira zazikulu za nthenga amakula makamaka kuti azikongoletsa.

Bakha wowonda ndiwogwira, wosakhala wankhanza komanso wosintha mafoni.

Russian

Russian Corydalis ili ndi maubwino angapo omwe amachititsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kubereka, ngakhale kuti nyama yake siyabwino kwambiri. Ubwino wa mtunduwu ndi monga:

• kupanga dzira lalikulu
• Kutha kubweretsa mazira chaka chonse ndi kuwaswa ankhandwe,
• chilengedwe, bata,
• kusasamala mu chakudya,
• kusowa kwa malo osungira zachilengedwe,
• kuyenda kwa mbalame.

Russian Corydalis ndi yaying'ono kukula: kulemera kwa bakha kumafika 2 kg, Drake ndi 2.5 kg. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mbalame zamtunduwu ndizabwino, zamphamvu komanso zogwirizana. Mapiko otambalala aatali amaponderezedwa mpaka thupi, mutu umabzalidwa pakhosi lalifupi. Chifuwa cha mbalame ndichopendekera, koma popanda fupa la keel lotchulidwa, m'mimba ndimakongola, popanda khola, mchirawo ndiwotalika komanso wapakatikati.

Mutu wachikhulupiriro cha ku Russia uli ndi mawonekedwe odutsa, umakhala ndi maso oyera otuwa. Zowanda za abakha amtunduwu zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, motley, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, etc.

Baskir

Baskir Corydalis amakhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka. Ubwino wawo ndi wabwino kuyikira dzira ndi kuzindikira mopitilira zomwe ali m'ndende. Ndikofunikira kusunga nyama zodyeka ku Bashkir pafupi ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe: izi zipangitsa kuti nthenga zapamwamba zizipezeka ndikuwapatsa mbalame chakudya chowonjezera.

Zomwe zimachitika kunja kwa mtunduwo ndi mapiko akuluakulu, khosi lalitali koma osati lalitali kwambiri, miyendo yamphamvu yoluzana, chifuwa choluka ndikuzungulirazungulira. Utoto wa abakha amtunduwu ukhoza kukhala wakuda, bulauni, imvi, imvi kapena bulauni. Mbali ya mtunduwo ndi maonekedwe okongola ndi mapiko ake kumapiko.

Chiyukireniya

Chiyukireniya Corydalis ndiwo oimira wamkulu wa gulu lotsolera. Kulemera kwa bakha kukhoza mpaka 3 makilogalamu, dontho mpaka 3.5 makilogalamu. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timaloleza kuti mapiko atsegule thupi mosavuta, motero abakha a mtunduwu amayenera kudulira mapiko.

Mwa phenotype, mtundu wa ku Ukraine ndi wofanana ndi bakha wakuda wotuwa. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lamphamvu lofiirira, lofiirira kapena loyera, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pachifuwa, kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi khosi lopindika pang'ono ndi zowuluka zina, zojambulidwa ndi chingwe cholimba cha mtundu wina. Matumba a abakha a ku Ukraine opangidwa ndi minofu ndipo amakhala pafupi.

Mutu wa mbalamezi ndi wozungulira, ndipo maso, onga a mbalame zaku Russia, ali ndi utoto wakuda. Mlomo umakwezedwa pang'ono ndipo ndi wocheperako. Kuswana kumadziwika ndi zipatso zabwino komanso kuwonekera bwino. Ndi chakudya chochulukirapo, mbalame zimangonenepa msanga, zomwe zimakhudza nyamayo.

Wachichaina

Chinese Corydalis ndi mbalame yakuthengo, yotchedwanso Crested Spotted Pegan. Mitundu ya bakha imeneyi ndi imodzi mwazosowa komanso zachilengedwe. Kumbuyo kwa ngale zokongola kumakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zakuda, ndipo m'mimba, m'mbali, masaya ndi khosi ndi zoyera. Chifuwa chimakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino obiriwira. Makongoletsedwe owala bwino a motley ndi amene amawona kukongoletsa kwapamwamba kwa Chitchaina. Abakha a Pego amasambira bwino komanso amadyera makamaka okhala m'madzi amadzi.

Cweded nyeusi

Kuchita khungu lakuda ndi gawo loyimira gulu lodyera. Chifukwa cha zokolola zochepa, abakha zamtunduwu amazipeza ndikuzikika pokhapokha ngati azikongoletsa (kukongoletsa bwalo, malo osungirako malo kapena dziwe).

Poyerekeza ndi ena oimira gululi, kuda khungu kumakhala ndi kukula kocheperako komanso kulemera kwake: kulemera kwa bakha wamkulu sioposa 1.1 kg, ndipo kuwongolera ndi 1.2 kg. Mitundu imadziwika ndi izi:

• maso achikasu
• Zofiirira pamutu komanso mumdima thupi lonse,
• thupi lalitali lokhala ndi malo osunthika kumbuyo, lolola mbalameyo kulowa pansi pamadzi,
• nthenga zoyera pambali, ndikupanga "matumba" otsogola,
• mikwingwirima yowoneka pamapiko yomwe imawoneka pakuwuluka kwa bakha,
• nthenga zazitali zakuda, zomwe nthenga zake zimakhazikika kumutu kumbuyo.

Bakha wolumikizana amatha kusungidwa m'malo otsekedwa, koma zochuluka kwambiri zimawonedwa ndiulere. Usiku, nyengo yoipa komanso nthawi yachisanu, mbalame zimakhazikika m'khola, malo omwe amafanana ndi ziweto.

Pa 1 m² ya malo sayenera kupitanso bakha 3-4. Madera omwe amapangidwira corydalis 10-15, ndikofunikira kuti mupatitsenso magawo.

Nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yowala komanso yoyatsidwa bwino, koma yopanda kukonzekera. Mulingo woyenera wa chinyezi ndi 60-70%, ndipo kutentha ndi + 16 ... + 20 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa nkhokwe sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa + 5 ° C. Udzu, utuchi, zokutira, ma peat, zouma ndi zophwanyika za chimanga, ndi zina zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala kwa bakha komanso zotchingira pansi.

Kukula kwa mbalamezi kuyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimapezeka m'zoberekera: kwa ana oyamwa osakwana mwezi umodzi malo omwe amafikirako ndi 5-10 masentimita, kwa mbalame zachikulire - 12-15 cm.Madyetserowo amayenera kutsukidwa pambuyo pa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 kuti chakudya chonyowa chisachitike anakwanitsa kuwononga. Muyeneranso kuyang'anira kuyera kwa madzi omwe akumwa.

M'miyezi yotentha, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbalame zizitha kupeza madzi am'madzi - mtsinje wosaya kapena nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, kwa abakha osambira, ndikofunikira kupanga dzenje la ayezi. Ngati palibe posungira pafupi, muyenera kuyikapo beseni lalikulu ndi madzi oyera pamalo oyenda. Izi zimalola mbalamezo kuyeretsa nthenga zawo ndi m'mphuno.

Kuti mupeze ana ndi crest, mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi chizindikiro cha mitundu m'mibadwo ingapo ndizomwe ziyenera kusankhidwa. Kulekerera kwa kusankha kumatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa pafupipafupi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mbalame mu phenotype ya mbalame.

Kufalitsa

Eugeniusz Nowak, katswiri wazamaphunziro wa ku Germany wa mbadwa za ku Poland, wapanga mndandanda wathunthu wonena zokweza nkhumba zomwe zamira, ndipo potengera izi afotokozeranso kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo. Wasayansiyo akuti mbalameyo imakhala m'mapiri a Primorye komanso kum'mwera kwa Sakhalin, ku China Manchuria komanso kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Korea. Chojambula cha mbalame ziwiri zomwe zidapangidwa pachilumba cha Hokkaido mu 1822 zikusonyeza kuti mbalameyi idapezekanso pachilumbachi. Panthawi yopanda chisa, mbalameyo imatha kusamukira kumwera, kukafika kuzilumba zakumwera za Japan, gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Korea Peninsula ndi Shanghai.

Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zikuwoneka ndizokhudzana ndi kugunda kwa gombe la nyanja, makamaka nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'zaka za XX, malipoti angapo ochokera ku China adalembedwa kuti bakha adawonedwa pamtunda wamadzi osiyanasiyana mkati mwa chigawo, kuphatikiza kumapiri a Big Khingan pafupi ndi malire a Sino-Mongolia.

Kudyetsa

Corydalis imatha kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamagulu oyenera abakha, kapena osakaniza-ndiwosakaniza nokha.

Kuphatikizika kwa chakudya cha abakha kungaphatikizepo izi:

• tirigu wosenda, barele ndi tirigu,
• nyemba
• mafuta amkati (kugwiririra mafuta, mpendadzuwa, etc.),
• chinangwa,
• yisiti,
• unyinji wobiriwira ndi silo (tonde tating'ono, nyemba, udzu wofunda, ndi zina zotere),
• masamba (mbatata yophika, kaloti, kabichi, beetroot, dzungu lachikasu),
• nyama ndi mafupa chakudya ndi nsomba,
• tchizi chimbudzi (kuwonjezera pa chakudya cha abakha),
• miyala, mchenga wowuma,
• maqanda mazira, zipolopolo,
• mchere (mpaka 0,2% chakudya).

Pamaso pa gulu lamadzi lotseguka pafupi, gawo la unyinji wobiriwira m'zakudya ndizomera zam'madzi (duckweed, dziwe, etc.). Kugwiritsa ntchito msipu kukuthandizani kuti muchepetse gawo la chakudya pofika 20%.

Pakakhala posungira ndi zomwe zili m'makola, chakudya chimayenera kuperekedwa kwathunthu. Chiwerengero cha zakudya chimatha mpaka 4 pa tsiku. 50% yazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala zouma zouma, ndipo zina 50% ziyenera kukhala zosakaniza zonyowa, kuphatikizapo mbewu, chinangwa, mankhwala azitsamba ndi yisiti.

M'nyengo yozizira, abakha osazolowera sakhala onenepa, koma ndizosatheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Mu nyengo yozizira, chakudya cha mbalame chimayenera kukhala ndi mbatata, udzu, fumbi, nsomba kapena nyama ndi ufa wamfupa ndi michere yowonjezera.

Kusunga kowonera

Zikuwoneka kuti, bakha uyu asanakhale mbalame wamba ku China ndi Korea. Chithunzithunzi chake chimatha kuwoneka mu zojambula zakale zaku China ndi zojambulajambula. Pakadali pano, ziphuphu zozikika zimadziwika chifukwa cha zikopa zochepa zokha zomwe zimasungidwa m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale, komanso mabuku akale achi China, omwe ali ndi mafotokozedwe ndi chithunzi cha abakha awa. Ndizodziwika bwino pamisonkhano pafupifupi 40 ndi mtunduwu nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomaliza pomwe idawonedwa mu 1964, palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizika chakuti gulu la mbalame 20 lidawonedwa ku China pambuyo pake, ndipo lipoti laposachedwa limatchula 1985, pamene mbalame ziwiri zidakumana kumwera kwa Russia Far East. Kutha kwa nkhumba zomwe zayamba kale kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe. Kuti apulumutse mitunduyi, kufunafuna ndi kugwira mbalame zomwe zatsala kuti zizibereka zikhale zofunikira.

Malingaliro

• Vertebrates aku Russia: Crested Pegan

Posachedwa mbalame

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Onani zomwe "Crested peganka" mumatanthauzira ena: Pegans - Tadorna Tadorna onaninso 6.1.4. Abakha a Genus Red Tadorna Peganka Tadorna tadorna. Bakha wamkulu. Choyera ndi mutu wakuda ndi khosi, chingwe chofiirira chowala pachifuwa ndi mapewa, mapiko akuda ndi oyera, mulomo wofiira (mwaimuna wokhala ndi chotupa pamphumi pake), ... ... mbalame za ku Russia. Directory Cweded nyeusi - Aythya fuligula onaninso 6.1.7. Kubadwa kwa Genus Aythya Kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa Aythya fuligula Wamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi mbali zoyera komanso m'mimba, wachikuda wokhala ndi nthenga zokulirapo komanso nthenga zoyera m'munsi mwa mulomo. Mlomo ndi zotupa ndi imvi, maso ndi achikasu, kumbuyo kwa mutu ... ... Mbalame zaku Russia. Directory Tadorna cristata -? Crested pegans Gulu la asayansi Ufumu: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Chordata Subtype: Vertebrates Class ... Wikipedia Bakha Wam'madzi (Anatinae) - Malo ocheperako abakha amaphatikizapo mbalame zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi khosi lalifupi komanso zikhomo, zokutira kutsogolo ndi zotchingira. Mtundu wa maula ndizosiyanasiyana, mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi kalilore wapadera pamapiko. Zambiri ... ... Biological Encyclopedia Pegans - Ogar ... Wikipedia Tadorna -? Akazi a pegans (Tadorna tadorna) Gulu la asayansi Ufumu: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Chordates ... Wikipedia BAKHA - (Anatidae), banja la madzifowl neg. Anseriformes. Chifukwa Masentimita 29 150. Lankhulani m'mphepete ndi mano kapena ndi ma pulamu opangira zida zosefera. Ambiri Mitundu yakuthwa yakuthwa ya kugonana (amuna ndi okulirapo ndi owala). Coccygeal ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary nsapato - mtundu wa mbalame za abakha. Mitundu itatu, ku Eurasia, North Africa ndi Australia, imakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Zikhola wamba (pafupifupi 60cm kutalika), usodzi (fluff), pegans zotuluka ndizosowa kwambiri (mwina kuzimiririka), mu Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN. * * ...… buku lotchedwa Encyclopedic BAKHA - (mbale), banja la mbalame neg. Anseriformes. Chifukwa 29 150 cm. Mitundu yaimuna (ma drake) ndi okulirapo komanso owala bwino. Mitundu ya 150, kudutsa padziko lonse lapansi, ku Russia abakha, atsekwe, atsekwe, swans, ndi ena ambiri a U. amawombera bwino. Pali mitundu yopanda kuthawa ... Sayansi yachilengedwe. Buku lotanthauzira mawu Zizindikiro zakunja za pegans otayika Pegans wokokedwa ndi wokutidwa ndi maula okongola, malingana ndi momwe mtunduwu umatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi abakha ena. Mbali yam'mutu ndi mutu wamtambo. Khosi ndi masaya oyera. Bokosi limakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zobiriwira ndi sheen wachitsulo. Kumbuyo ndi kofiirira, m'mimba ndi mbali zake ndi zoyera, mzere wopyapyala umadutsa. Zilonda ndi milomo yazibakha ndi zofiira. Kubala nyama zopitilira m'matumba Zambiri pobzala abakha osowa ndizochepa. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti pegans opezeka, monga abakha onse, amtundu wamtundu umodzi. Zisa za mbalame zinali m'miyala yamiyala kapena pansi. Akazi amaswedwa mazira okha. Akatswiri sakudziwa kuti misonkhano yopitilira 40 ya pegans yokonzedwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi maso adasiya zifanizo za bakha wosowa. Pafupifupi makumi awiri a iwo ali m'zaka za XX. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa mbalame zosowa kumayambiriro kwa 80s ku DPRK sizimadziwika kuti ndizodalirika. Mwachiwonekere, njira yachilengedwe yakutha kwa mitundu yazinthu zachilengedwe yachitika. Mothandizidwa ndi kukula kwakukula kwa malo okhala mbedza. Kusungidwa kwa pegans otayika Gulu 1, nyama yochepetsetsa yomwe ikuwopsezedwa ndikutha kapena mwina kutha. Mbalame yokhotakhota ya manchurian-Chinese Chinese subregion. Tizilombo ta nkhumba tomwe tili m'gulu la mbalame zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Kuteteza zachilengedwe Mapegi okakamizidwa adalembedwa pa IUCN-96 Red orodha, Zowonjezera 2 za Msonkhano wa Bonn, Zowonjezera pamgwirizano womwe Russia adachita ndi Republic of Korea pachitetezo cha mbalame zosamukira. Poyambitsa bungwe la Germany Union for the Protection of birds mu 1982-1983. Timapepala tazithunzi tinajambulidwa ku Primorsky Territory, kum'mawa kwa China, Japan, ndi Korea kuti tipeze zidziwitso zatsamba lamakono lazaka. Kufufuza kwakukulu ndikofunikira kwa abakha osowa mwachilengedwe, kugwidwa kwawo ndi kusungidwa kwa mbalame ali mu ukapolo. Ntchito yayikulu ndikufufuza kuti mudziwe ngati nkhandwe zakupezekanso m'chilengedwe kapena zasowa kale kumaso kwa Dziko lapansi, ndipo ngati nyamazo zikadalipobe zachilengedwe, yesetsani kuchita chilichonse kuti zisawonongeke. 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