California ndi peninsula yomwe ili kumadzulo kwa North America. Ndilochepera komanso lalitali, kutalika kwa malowa ndi 1200 km. M'malo otambalala, amasuntha ndi 240 km. Dera la peninsula lili pafupifupi 144,000 km 2. Mwachilengedwe ndi Mexico, ili ndi mayiko awiri - Kumpoto ndi Kumwera kwa California. Kumpoto, malire a dziko la America omwe ali ndi dzina lomweli, gombe lakumadzulo limatsukidwa ndi Pacific Ocean, ndi kum'mawa - Gulf of California.
Gawo lakummwera kwambiri ndi Cape San Lucas. Kutali konse kwa peninsula, pali msewu umodzi wokha - msewu wawukulu wa Transpeninsular. Msewu umayambira kumpoto kwa United States, ndipo komaliza ndi tauni yakum'mwera ya Cabo San Lucas.
Madera achilengedwe
California ndi peninsula yomwe imayimiridwa ndi magawo awiri achilengedwe. M'madera ambiri muli chipululu, ndipo chapakati pali gawo lamapiri, kum'mwera kwa mgodi wa Sierra Nevada. Chilumba chake chimakhala chamwala kwambiri. Sonora Desert ndi amodzi mwa malo akuluakulu komanso otentha kwambiri kumtunda. Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa mvula kumagwera nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yozizira ndipo sikudutsa 350 mm pachaka. Chipululu cha Lower California chili pafupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa chilumbacho. Ili kumpoto kwanyengo. Malo omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri pachilumbachi ndi tawuni ya Diablo (3 096 m).
Tebulo Lanyengo la California (Poyerekeza ndi Florida)
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Kummwera kwa California kuli nyengo zam'mwera. Pa gawo lino, chilimwe chouma komanso chotentha. M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo yake ndi yofatsa komanso yotentha. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri a +28 mu Julayi, ndi madigiri osachepera +15 mu Disembala. Mwambiri, chinyezi ku Southern California ndichachikulu kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, California imayendetsedwa ndi mafunde aku Santa Ana omwe amayenda kuchokera pansi pa phirili kupita kunyanja. Ndikofunika kutsindika kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha m'derali kumayendera limodzi ndi chifuwa chowirikiza. Komanso imatiteteza ku mizimu yozizira komanso yozizira.
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Mphepete mwa nyanja
California ndi chilumba chomwe gombe lake limayatsidwa kwambiri. Gombe lakummawa limasiyana kwambiri ndi kumadzulo malinga ndi nyengo yake. Zotsirizirazi zimatengera mafunde ozizira a Pacific, chifukwa chake kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madzi pano ndizosiyana ndi madera ena a peninsula. Gombe lakummawa ndilotentha nyengo yofanana ndi mtundu wa Mediterranean. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi madzi ofunda a Bay. Kutentha kwapakati kumasiyana pakati pa + 20 ... 22 ° C m'chilimwe, ndipo kumachepera pang'ono nthawi yozizira - mpaka + 13 ... 15 ° C. Imodzi mwa mitsinje yayikulu kwambiri ku North America, Mtsinje wa Colado, umayenda mu Gulf of California.
Makhalidwe Okhala Ndi Nyengo ku California
Mkhalidwe wachilendo wakonzanso kummawa kwa California, kumapiri a Sierra Nevada ndi Cascade. Pano, mphamvu ya nyengo zingapo zimawonedwa, motero, pali nyengo zosiyana kwambiri.
Kukhazikika ku California kumagwera makamaka mu kugwa komanso nthawi yozizira. Imakhala ikudumphira kawirikawiri, popeza kutentha sikumatsika konse mpaka madigiri 0. Mvula yambiri imagwera kumpoto kwa California, pang'ono kumwera. Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umagwera chaka kuli pafupifupi 400-600 mm.
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Kukula kwanyengo kumakhala kochepa, ndipo nyengo pano zimasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, mapiri ndi mtundu wa cholepheretsa chomwe chimakola mpweya wonyowa kuchokera kunyanja. Mapiri amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha. Kum'mawa kwa mapiri kuli madera achipululu, omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha komanso nyengo yozizira.
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Nyengo ya California ili ngati nyengo yofananira ndi gombe lakummwera kwa chilumba cha Crimea. Kumpoto kwa California kuli malo otentha, ndipo kum'mwera - kumadera akutali. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mosiyanasiyana, koma pazonse, kusintha kwa nyengo kumawonetsedwa bwino pano.
Nyengo
California ndi chilumba chomwe nyengo yake ili yotentha komanso yopanda kutentha komanso yofatsa kwambiri. Chikoka chachikulu pa izo chimaperekedwa ndi mafunde otentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya kum'mwera kwa chilumbacho ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kumpoto kwenikweni. Mwezi wotentha kwambiri pachaka ndi Julayi. Munthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwapakati kumpoto kumakwera pamwamba + 24 ° С, ndi kumwera - kuchokera + 31 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, m'mwezi wa Januware, thermometer sikhala pansi + 8 ° C kumpoto ndi + 16 ° C kumwera. Mvula yambiri yamvula pachilumba cha dzinja nthawi ya chisanu imagwa mvula ngati mvula. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa chimphepo pachilumbacho.
Malo okhalamo
Dera la Peninsula la California lakhala kwanthawi yayitali kuti ndi mafuko aku America aku America. Komabe, podzafika m'zaka za zana la 16, ogonjetsa adafika kumayiko awa. Nyengo ya California Peninsula idakhudza kwambiri malo omwe amafikawo. Poyamba, amishonare adayesa kubweretsa chitukuko ku mafuko aku India, koma chifukwa cha matenda omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Aspanya, ambiri mwa anthu amtunduwu adamwalira, ndipo ena onse adangochoka kumayiko awa. Pambuyo pake, alimi aku Europe adakhazikika pamagawo a peninsula.
California ndi yani?
Kwa nthawi yayitali, United States ndi Mexico adatsutsana za umwini wa peninsula ku boma linalake. Mkati mwa zaka za XIX, pakati pa mayiko awiriwa kunadutsa Nkhondo ya Mexico-America. Mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wamtendere, California idagawanika pakati pa mayiko awiri motere: dziko la California lichoka ku United States, ndipo chilumba chake chidakhala cha Mexico.
North America - nyengo
Kusiyanasiyana kwanyengo ya kontinenti kumadalira malo ake mosiyanasiyana. North America ili m'malo onse opanda nyengo kupatula equatorial. Chofunikira pakupanga nyengo ndi kupumula kwa maiko. Makina akuluakulu okhala ndi mapiri abwino amathandizira kuti mpweya ozizira wa Arctic ukhale kum'mwera komanso mpweya wotentha wakumpoto.
Mkati mwenimweni mwa dziko lalikulu, nyengo yolekanirana imapangidwa. Nyengo imathandizidwanso ndi mafunde am'nyanja: kuzizira - Labrador ndi California - kutentha pang'ono mu chirimwe, ndi kutentha - Gulf Stream ndi North Pacific - kumawonjezera kutentha nyengo yachisanu ndikuwonjezera mvula. Komabe, mapiri ataliatali kumadzulo amalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa mafunde ochokera ku Pacific Ocean.
Kudera lanyengo ya Arctic kuli malire akumpoto kwa zigawo zazikuluzikulu za Pacific. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe pano sachepa kwambiri, mvula yamkuntho imakonda kupezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo madzi oundana amapangidwa. Chilimwe chimakhala chozizira, chafupikitsa, mpweya umatentha mpaka + 5 ° С. Mvula yapakati pachaka imakhala yochepera 200 mm.
Dera lanyengo ya subarctic limaphimba madera pakati pa Arctic Circle ndi 60 ° C. w. Kumadzulo, lamba limafalikira kumunsi kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukoka kwa Nyanja ya Arctic, kuzizira kwa Labrador Ino komanso mphepo zakumpoto chakum'mawa ku Greenland.
Amasiyanitsa mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi komanso yamayiko. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amafika -30 ° C, pafupi ndi nyanja yam'madzi kutentha kukuchokera pa -16 mpaka -20 ° C. Kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi 5 - 10 ° С.
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 500 mm pachaka kum'mawa mpaka 200 mm pachaka kumadzulo (dera la Alaska).
Ambiri mwa matchirewa amakhala mkati mwa nyengo yotentha. Imasiyanitsa zigawo zitatu za nyengo:
- dera lotentha kwambiri panyanja kumadzulo kwa mainland (gombe la Pacific ndi malo akumadzulo a Cordillera). Kuyendetsa kumadzulo kumalamulira pano: Mphepo imabweretsa mpweya wabwino kuchokera ku nyanja - mpaka 3000 mm pachaka. Kutentha kwapakati pa Januwale kumafika mpaka +4 ° С, kutentha kwa Julayi kukufika mpaka +16 ° С,
- Dera lotentha lodzikongoletsa lili pakatikati pa lamba. Amadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha yozizira - kuyambira + 18 ° mpaka +24 ° C, nyengo yozizira - mpaka -20 “C.
Kuchulukitsa kwamadzulo kumadzulo kumafika 400 mm, koma kuchuluka kwake kumakweza kummawa mpaka 700 mm. Malo otseguka a gawo ili la kontinentiyo ali ndi vuto lankhondo lalikulu ochokera kumpoto ndi kumwera.
Chifukwa chake, madera akumlengalenga amakhala pafupipafupi kuno, limodzi ndi namondwe amvula - nyengo yozizira ndi mvula yambiri - chilimwe.
- Dera lotentha kwambiri la kontinenti limagawidwa ku gombe lakummawa kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzungulira kwamkuntho kumachitika pafupipafupi kuno, kubweretsa matalala ambiri, matenthedwe amasintha kuchokera kumpoto mpaka -22 ° С kumwera. Chilimwe sichitentha - mpaka +20 ° С, Labrador yozizira tsopano ili ndi zotsatira zake.
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumasiyana, kutengera mtundu wapamwamba ndi kutalikirana kwa nyanja, koma pafupifupi - 1000-1500 mm pachaka. Dera lanyengo ya subtropical lili pamtunda kuchokera 40 ° C. w. kupita ku Gombe Coast.
Derali lilinso ndi kutalika kwakukulu kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa, motero, pali zosiyana zamitundu mitundu ndipo nyengo zotsatirazi ndizodziwika:
- Kumadzulo, nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndiyopanda kutentha komanso nyengo yotentha: kutentha +8 ° С, kugwa kwamvula mpaka 500 mm pachaka, ndi chilimwe chouma chosatentha: kutentha +20 ° С - kuzizira kwa California komwe kumakhala nako,
- Dera lokhala ndi nyengo yam'mapiri padziko lapansi lili pakatikati pa nyengo yotentha. Amadziwika ndi kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe komanso mvula yochepa chaka chonse,
- Dera lomwe kumakhala chinyezi kwambiri kumadera komwe kumakhala kuphiri kwa Mississippi Lowland. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumafika mpaka +30 ° С, nyengo yotentha imakhala mpaka +5 ° С.
Kumwera kwa 30 ° C. w. Pali malo otentha otentha, kwatentha chaka chonse. M'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa dziko lalikulu komanso kuzilumbazi pali mpweya wabwino wambiri womwe umabwera ndi mphepo yamalonda. California ndi malo otentha otentha.
Nyengo yam'madzi ya subequatorial ili kumpoto kwenikweni kwa chigawo chachikulu. Apa, matenthedwe apamwamba okhala ndi nyengo yanyengo ino pachaka ali mozungulira +25 ° С. Mphepo zochokera kunyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic zimabweretsa chinyezi chambiri - mpaka 2000 mm pachaka.
California ndi dziko lolemera kwambiri ku America
California ndi dziko lokongola kwambiri ku America. Iye ndiye likulu la mafilimu aku America. Nzika zambiri zaku US zimalakalaka zokhala kudera lotentha ndi lokongola. Kodi nchifukwa ninji California ili yokongola? Chifukwa cha zopanda malire, kuyandikira kwa Pacific Ocean komanso nyengo yotentha. Masiku ano, anthu pafupifupi 35 miliyoni amakhala ku California. Awa ndi anthu ambiri kwambiri.
Nyengo ya California ndi yotentha, koma yosiyana kwambiri kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa boma. Kumpoto, nyengo yotentha imakhala yofewa komanso yotentha, ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha pagombe komanso yotentha mkati. Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumatha kufika 35 ° C mu Julayi ndipo kumatha kutsika mpaka 12 ° C mu Disembala ndi Januwale. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala, nyengo yadzuwa ndi yotentha.
Ino ndi nthawi yachilimwe. Mwezi “wozizira” wozizira kwambiri ndi Epulo. Kutentha kwamasana kumazungulira 22-23 ° C. Yotentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala pafupifupi 35 ° C, koma nthawi zina kumatha kufika 40-45 ° C. Chifukwa cha nyengo yadzuwa, kusiyana pakati pa usana ndi nthawi yausiku kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu. Kutentha pang'ono usiku kumakhala pafupifupi 3 ° C mu Januwale ndi 13 ° C mu Julayi.
Yophukira imatha mwezi umodzi - Novembala. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri masana - pafupifupi 17-18 ° C. Mu Disembala, Januware naFebruary, nthawi yachisanu. Masiku ali pakati pa 12 ndi 16 ° C, ndipo usiku kumazizira kwambiri - pafupifupi 3-4 ° C. Kasupe amatenga mwezi umodzi - Marichi. Nyengo ndi yofanana ndi Novembala - 17-18 ° C.
Titha kuwona kuti iyi ndi nyengo yofananira yaku Mediterranean - nyengo yotentha, yotentha ndi youma, nyengo yotentha komanso nyengo yayifupi, komanso nyengo yaying'ono yosinthika (kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira). Nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndiyopanda kanthu, koma imasinthidwa mwamphamvu ndi mafunde ozizira am'madzi omwe amadutsa. Kuyandikira kwa nyanja kumapangitsa kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yotentha.
Kutentha kwa masana sikucheperachepera 14 ° C, koma kumapangitsanso kuzizira kwambiri - ku San Francisco mwezi wotentha ndi Seputembala ndipo kenaka matenthedwe samawonetsa kupitirira 23 ° C. Nyengo yachisanu imanyowa ndipo chilimwe chimakhala chouma. Mawonekedwe ndi gawo lalikulu la masiku a chifunga chaka. Izi ndizofala makamaka m'chilimwe.
Koma ku San Francisco, nyengo idalipo. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pachaka pamwamba pa 18 ° C. Komabe, sikuti ku Mediterranean sikufanana kwenikweni. Kutentha kwamadzi kunyanja kumakhala kochepa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kutalika kwa chilimwe sikudutsa +11 - + 12 ° C. Zinthu sizimakupatsani mwayi kuti mukasambe mu nyanja, mosiyana ndi Southern California, momwe zinthu zilili zosiyana kotheratu.
Madzi mu nyanja ndi otentha ndipo magombe ake ali odzaza kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Novembala. Zima ku San Diego ndi Los Angeles ndizochepa kwambiri. Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ku Los Angeles ndi 19 ° C mu Januwale ndi 29 ° C mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. Masiku ena kumatha kutentha kwambiri .. Ma Thermometers amawonetsa madigiri 40 kapena kupitirira apo. Momwe mvula yambiri imagwera nthawi yozizira.
Nyengo ndi Mediterranean - dzuwa ndi labwino thanzi. Kutentha ndi dzuwa zimakopa anthu ochokera ku United States konse. Southern California ndi amodzi mwa malo odziwika kwambiri ku United States. Nyanjayi imadzaza ndi alendo kuchokera ku Marichi mpaka Novembala.
California ndi gawo lochulukitsitsa kwambiri ku United States. Kufupi ndi gombe la Pacific, megalopolis wamkulu wotchedwa San San adapangidwa. Dzinali limachokera m'mizinda ya San Francisco ndi San Diego. Cholinga chake ndikuti kuchokera ku San Francisco kumwera, pafupifupi popanda yopuma, amayenda m'midzi, m'mizinda ndi m'malo okhalamo.
Makamaka anthu ochulukana mdera la Los Angeles ndi San Diego. Mizinda yonseyi yakhala yogwirizana kale ndipo palibe kusiyana pakati pawo. Odziwika kwambiri ku Los Angeles - anthu 14 miliyoni. Ku San Francisco, malo omwe amakhala ndi anthu opitilila 7.5 miliyoni. Kukambirana kwa San Diego komwe kuli anthu 2.8 miliyoni.
Ngakhale ili ndi anthu ambiri, California imakhala ngati loto la ku America. Dera lolemera kwambiri ku US lodzaza ndi malo okhala okhalamo, omwe ali pakati pa masamba obiriwira a ku Mediterranean. Ku California, machitidwewo akupanga gawo lalikulu kwambiri la zopangidwa ku Hollywood. Mlengalenga wa California umapangidwanso pazenera ndikuwoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zenizeni.
Zowonadi, ku California (ndipo makamaka ku San Diego) kuli malo olemera kwambiri kumene anthu samasungabe chitseko ndikukakhala kudziko lina. Anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti likulu la boma siamodzi mwamizinda yotchuka, koma Sacramento yodziwika bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, chakuti Los Angeles kwenikweni si mzinda umodzi womwe umadziwika pang'ono.
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mawu akuti "Kuyang'anira kutsata." Imayimira mizinda 90 yolumikizidwa imodzi. San Bernardino, Hollywood ndi ena kwenikweni ndi mizinda, osati oyandikana nawo.
Ku California, pali ena mwa magombe otchuka kwambiri ku USA - Malibu, Pasadena, Coronado, Pizmi Beach, La Yola ndi ena ambiri. Iwo ndi paradesi wokumba, makamaka nthawi yozizira pomwe mafunde akulu akuyenda m'mbali mwa California.
Amayesa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wokangalika. Pa gombe la Los Angeles ndi San Diego, mudzawona anthu ambiri omwe, poyesera kuti awoneke bwino, ali bwino komanso owoneka bwino, amathamanga mwamphamvu pansi pa dzuwa lotentha la California. Amayang'ana mawonekedwe okongola komanso mawonekedwe owala.
Ntchito yazaumoyo tsopano yakhala nzeru ya moyo wa anthu wamba.
Boma lili ndi zokongola zachilengedwe zambiri, ndipo magombe okongola, ngakhale otchuka kwambiri, amangoyimira gawo laling'ono lokongola ku California. Yosemite Park ndi amodzi mwa okongola kwambiri ku America.
Ndi chigwa chokutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira za pine, zokuzungulidwa ndi miyala ikuluikulu yomwe mitsinje yozama imagwera. Zinyama zapadera sizimangokopa alendo, komanso zimawaphunzitsa kukonda zachilengedwe.
Chimbalangondo chakuda, coyote, cougar, deya wakuda ndi mitundu ina yambiri zimapezeka pano. Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu paki ndi redwoods. Iyi ndi mitengo yapadera yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Ambiri mwa mndandanda womwe ulipo lero kwa zaka zopitilira 2000. Zina mwa izo ndi zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti mitsinje yonse yamagalimoto ndi misewu imadutsa.
Chigwa cha Imfa ndichinthu chinanso chachilengedwe. Malowa ndi opsinjika pansi pa nyanja. Ili ndiye gawo lotsika kwambiri kumbali ya United States. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo usiku wozizira ndi wachisanu.
Nazi zina mwa kutentha kwambiri padziko lapansi (chachiwiri kupita ku Al-Asia, Libya). Ndibwino pano nthawi yozizira, koma masana okha, kutentha mozungulira +18 - +20 madigiri.
Chigwacho chimatchedwa kuti okhazikika ku Europe, chifukwa masiku amenewo, zimawoneka ngati zosatheka kuti munthu apulumuke m'mikhalidwe yovutayi.
Chowopsa kwambiri ku California ndichotsimikizika ndikuchitika zivomezi pafupipafupi. Anthu am'deralo amadziwa momwe zimakhalira dziko lapansi likamayenda. Cholinga chake ndikuti gawo la boma tsopano likupatula ku mainland North America.
Kulekanitsidwa kwa gawo lina la boma kungayang'anitsidwe mpaka cholakwika ku San Andres, chomwe chikuchitika pafupi ndi Los Angeles. Gawo lingathe kudutsa njira yolowera kumpoto kupita kumwera.
Chinthu china chosasangalatsa cha "City of Angels" (osati iye yekha, komanso mizinda ina ku California) ndikuti misewu imapangidwa makamaka poyenda ndi galimoto. Misewu yake ndiying'ono, ndipo m'malo ambiri sapezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvundikira pamtunda, makamaka ku Los Angeles, sikokwanira.
Mzindawu ndi umodzi mwa malo obiriwira kwambiri ku United States. Ndipo nyengo yotentha kwambiri monga yamderali, mthunzi wa mitengo ndiyofunika kwambiri. Los Angeles ili ndi misewu yambiri yamasiku ambiri ndi yowotcha, momwe kuzizira kumakhala mumithunzi ya mitengo ya kanjedza yachifumu.
Yankho lavutoli
- Magulu onse
- zachuma 42,673
- zothandiza anthu 33,411
- ovomerezeka 17,859
- gawo la sukulu 591,481
- zolakwika 16,671
Zotchuka patsamba:
Kodi kuloweza ndakatulo mwachangu motani? Kuloweza ndakatulo ndi njira yofananira m'masukulu ambiri.
Momwe mungaphunzirire kuwerenga movomerezeka? Kuwerenga mwachangu kumadalira kuthamanga kwa kuzindikira kwa liwu lililonse pandimeyo.
Momwe mungasinthire zolembera pamanja mwachangu? Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti calligraphy ndi zolemba pamanja ndizofananira, koma sichoncho.
Momwe mungaphunzirire kuyankhula molondola komanso molondola? Kuyankhulana mu Russia wabwino, wodalirika komanso wachilengedwe ndicholinga chokwaniritsidwa.
Mawonekedwe aku US nyengo
Zambiri za madera otentha ku United States amatsitsidwa kukhala masoka achilengedwe komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Tiyeni tiwalingalire mwatsatanetsatane:
- Chilala. Zimachitika m'malo omwe madera okhala chipululu. Chilala chachikulu, chomwe chinaononga minda yambiri, chinachitika ku America mu 1931,
- Madzi osefukira. Mphepo zamkuntho nthawi zambiri zimachitika kugombe lotsogolera kusefukira kwamadzi m'mizinda yam'mbali. Ku California California nthawi zonse chifukwa cha mvula,
- Tornado. Mwa kuchuluka kwa mvula zamkuntho ndi mkuntho, America ili patsogolo pa ena. Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas ndi Missouri amapanga "Tornado Alley." Kumeneko, chifukwa cha kuwombana pafupipafupi kwa magulu osiyanasiyana am'mlengalenga, zovuta zamkuntho zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Hawaii imakhalanso ndi mvula yamkuntho yowononga,
- Zivomezi. Kuphulika kwa mapiri komanso zolakwika za ku United States zimathandizira kuti zivomezi zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi pamayiko awa. California, Alaska, Hawaii imakumana ndi zachilengedwe m'dera lawo mozungulira nthawi zonse komanso pafupipafupi. Zotsatira za zivomezi zosalekeza pagombe lakumadzulo kwa United States ndi tsunamis.
America si dziko lotukuka chabe. Chuma chake chachilengedwe ndichopanda malire, koma mavuto omwe amakhalanso nawo amawonedwa ngati osatha. Chikhalidwe chokongola cha ku America chili ndi mitundu yayikulu ndendende chifukwa boma limakhala ndi madera ambiri otentha. Zikuwoneka ngati akunja kuti ku United States mutha kupeza malo a tchuthi cha mtundu uliwonse, dziko la America ndi lolemera komanso losiyanasiyana.
California (peninsula)
Peninsula ya California ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri, kotetezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa North America, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mexico komwe kumafanana ndi chala kuloza ku Pacific Ocean. Zilumba za California zimalekanitsidwa ndi Gland of California ndi Colado River.
Gombe lakummawa limatsukidwa ndi California Gulf of the Pacific, lotchedwanso Nyanja ya Cortes polemekeza yemwe adapeza Hernan Cortes (1485-1547) - wolimbana ndi Spain yemwe adagonjetsa ndikuwonongeratu chitukuko cha Aztec. Mphepo yayikulu idakhazikitsidwa panali 10,000 zikwi.
Zaka zapitazo, komabe, mafunde akale, pomwe zolengedwa zazikuluzikulu za nthawi ya Pleistocene zidalipo pano, sizimaphatikizidwa. Magulu angapo a mafuko omwe adapangidwa pano: m'chipululu chapakati pamakhala fuko lokhalo la Kochimi, kumpoto, komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso dzikolo limakhala lachonde, kuli mafuko a Kilivi, Paipai ndi Kumei.
Achizungu oyamba ku malo awa anali azigonjetsi aku Spain mchaka cha 1540, komwe adapeza mafuko oyambira ku North America omwe ali ndi anthu 60-70. Amwenye anali kuchita usodzi, kusaka ndi kusonkhanitsa. Kuyesayesa konse kuti dziko lino likhale lopanda cholowa poyamba lidatha koma mpaka mu 1697 aJesuit adakhazikitsa mudzi wa Lareto kuno.
Amishonalewa amaphunzitsa amwenye kuvala zovala, kuphunzitsa zoyambira ulimi ndi kuweta nyama, ndipo nthawi yomweyo akhazikitsanso anthu onse amderalo. Komabe, posachedwa pafupifupi Amwenye onse adamwalira ndi miliri yamatenda oyambitsidwa ndi Aspanya. AJesuit adalowedwa m'malo ndi a Franciscans, kenako a Dominican. Mu 1822.
Ufumu wa Mexico, wosadziimira ku Crown yaku Spain, udalengezedwa, mu 1823 kukhala dziko lodziyimira lokha ku Mexico. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, magulu ampingo wakatolika adasiyidwa, amwenye adachoka m'malo awa, ndipo ma mestizos - obereketsa ng'ombe ndi alimi - adalowa m'malo mwawo.
USA ndi Mexico zidamenyera madera amenewa, ndipo chifukwa cha nkhondo yaku America ndi Mexico ya 1846-1848, mgwirizano wa Guadalupe-Hidalgo udasainidwa, malinga ndi momwe gawo la dziko lomwe kale linali Spain Upper California (California) lidasamutsidwira ku USA, ndi dziko lomwe kale linali Lower Lower California (California Peninsula).
mapiri omwe amafukula mizere ya Sierra Nevada amakula m'litali lonse la chilumbacho: Sierra De Juarez, San Pedro Martir, Sierra de San Borjas, Sierra Viskaino, Sierra de Mueja, Sierra de la Giant.
Madera ambiri ku Peninsula ya California ndi chipululu. Nayi gawo la chipululu cha Sonora - lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lotentha kwambiri ku North America. Apa pakula chimphona chachikulu cha saguaro cactus - endemic to the Sonora Desert. Chipululu chachiwiri, Nizhne-California, ndi mchenga wamiyala yamchenga wamtunda wokhala ndi malo a 77,700 km2. Nyengo yam'mphepete chakumadzulo kwa chilumbachi imakhala yofatsa kwambiri: zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyanja zamnyanja zikuluzikulu. M'nyengo yozizira, mvula yamphamvu imachitika, limodzi ndi mvula yamkuntho. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa komanso kufupi ndi pakati peninsula, ndiye kuti kutentha kumatha.
Chokopa chachikulu pachilumbachi ndi El Viskaino Biosphere Reserve yokhala ndi 25,5 zikwi.
km2 (chipululu chimakhala ambiri mwa iwo), yayikulu kwambiri ku Latin America, yomwe chikhalidwe chake ndi chachikulu monga zachilengedwe: m'mapanga aku Sierra 200 opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zam'madzi pagombe ndi zilumba: Mikango zam'nyanja ku California, zisindikizo, zisindikizo za njovu zakumpoto. Malo osungirako ali ndi mitundu 469 yazomera, 39 mwa izo ndizopadera.
Koma chuma chachikulu cha El Viskaino ndi nkhokwe yokhala ndi imvi, yomwe anthu aku Chukchi-California anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Mutha kuyang'ana zimphona zabwino osati ku Mexico kokha, koma pano ndiwochezeka kwambiri, kusambira kumabwato ndikuloleza kuyatsidwa, kuwonetsa anthu kwa ana awo.
Kumalo: North America, gombe lakumwera. Peninsula California.
Gombe: Pacific Ocean ku West ndi Gulf of California Pacific Ocean kum'mawa.
Gawo lolamulira: Mexico inena Baja California Kumpoto (likulu - Mexico) ndi Baja California Kumwera (likulu - La Paz).
Mapangidwe amtundu: mestizos, Amwenye (koi, kukapa, miigteki, paipai), oyera, aku Asia.
Zipembedzo: Chikatolika, Chipulotesitanti.
Ndalama: Peso waku Mexico.
Malo akulu: Baja California Kumpoto (Tijuana - anthu 1,300,983, 2010, Mexico - anthu 689,775, 2010 Ensenada - anthu 279,765, 2010 Tekate - anthu 64,764, 2010 , Rosarito - anthu 65,278, 2010), Baja California Kumwera (Anthu a La Paz-215,178, 2010, Cabo San Lucas - anthu 70,000 2012).
Mafanizo
Dera: 143,396,000 km2 (Baja California Northern - 69,921 km2, Baja California Southern - 73,475 km2).
Kutalika kochepera: 40 km.
Kutalika kokwanira: 240 km.
Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3,792,096 (Baja California Kumpoto - anthu 3 155 070 (2010), Baja California Kummwera - anthu 637026, 2010).
Kuchulukana kwa anthu: Baja California Kumpoto - anthu 45.1 / km2, Baja California Kumwera - anthu 8.7 / km2.
Kutalika kwa gombe: 3280 km.
Malo okwera kwambiri: Phiri la Diablo (Mount San Pedro Martir, 3096 m).
Chuma
Zachuma: Golide Maziko a zachuma ndikupanga zinthu zochokera kunja ndi msonkhano. Pafupi ndi malire a US pali mbewu zazing'ono zamisonkhano: zamagetsi, nsalu, mankhwala, makhuni ndi mafakitale agalimoto.
Ulimi: chimanga (chimanga, chinangwa, tirigu), kukula kwamasamba, kulima (malalanje, mandimu, masiku, mitengo ya ndege, zinanazi), viticulture, kulima nyama (nkhosa ndi mbuzi).
Asodzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuphatikiza oyster ndi lobster.
Gawo la ntchito: zokopa alendo.
■ El Viskaino Biosphere Reserve yokhala ndi malo 25,5,000 km2: malo otha kusamukira nkhono ku El Viskaino Bay ndi Oho de Llébre lagoon, mapanga opitilira 200 okhala ndi zojambula za mwala wa fuko la Kochimi, chipululu cha Sonora chokhala ndi saguaro cacti yayikulu. Malowa ali pafupi ndi malire a US. San Lucas). ■ Otsika a californian Pu tynya. anMexico National Astronomical Observatory ya ku Mexico (ya Sierra San Pedro Martir). Mu 1532 kunachitika msonkhano woyamba womwe unayesa kuzungulira "chilumba" chopanda pake
Kutsiliza pa Mitundu Yanyengo ndi Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kusintha Kwanyengo ku California ndi Florida Peninsulas
Pomaliza pamitundu yamitundu komanso nyengo zakusiyana kwa nyengo ku California ndi Florida.
- Ngakhale malo amtundu wa latitudinal omwewo, California ndi Florida Peninsula amasiyana kwambiri nyengo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mafunde, kuwongolera komwe kukuwomba mphepo komanso kupumira pansi.
- California. Nyengo ndizosiyanasiyana: - - Medithera m'madera ambiri, momwe kumakhala mvula nthawi ya chilimwe. Mphamvu yam'nyanja imachepetsa kutentha ndipo izi zimabweretsa nyengo yotentha komanso nyengo yotentha. Chifukwa cha mafunde ozizira a ku California, nkhungu nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. - Continental pamene akusunthira kwambiri m'gawo ndi kutentha kwakukulu nthawi yozizira ndi chilimwe. Mphepo za Westerly zochokera kunyanja zimabweretsa chinyezi, ndipo kumpoto kwa dzikolo kumalandira mvula yambiri kuposa kum'mwera.
Nyengo ya California imakhudzidwa ndi mapiri omwe samalola kuti mpweya wonyowa wochokera kunyanja usapite kumtunda.
Florida: Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa California kumakhala kotentha komanso kwamvula yama 38,100 cm pachaka. - Nyengo ya Mediterranean ku Central Valley ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Mapiri amadziwika ndi nyengo yamapiri, nyengo ya chipale chofunda komanso nyengo yotentha yozizira. Kum'mawa kwa mapiri kuli madambo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha.
- okhala chinyezi kwambiri kuzilumba zambiri, komanso kotentha kum'mwera. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira pamakhala chiwopsezo chosatha chamkuntho. Nyengo ya Florida imatsimikiziridwa makamaka chifukwa chakuti malire am'madera awiri achizungu (kumpoto kwa peninsula) ndi kotentha (kumwera) akudutsa kupyola.
Nyengo yofatsa yam'madzi ku gombe lakummawa kwa Florida ndi chifukwa cha kutentha kotentha kwa Gulf, makilomita angapo kuchokera pagombe, ndi mphepo zam'mwera chakum'mawa zomwe zimabweretsa mphepo yotentha nthawi yozizira komanso yozizira. Zima ku Florida ndizofatsa komanso zowuma - kutentha kwapakati pa Januware ndi 21C, chilimwe ndi mvula komanso kutentha - kutentha kwapakati pa Julayi ndi 29C.
Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ndi + 18C + 21C kumpoto ndi + 23C mpaka + 25C kumwera kwa peninsula ndi kuzilumba. Mzere wocheperako wapachigawo chaku dziko lapansi umafikira kumadzi a magawo awiri a nyanja zam'madzi za padziko lonse lapansi (Gulf of Mexico ndi Atlantic), omwe amasiyana kutentha ndi nyengo.
Zotsatira zake, onse kuchokera ku Atlantic komanso ku Gulf of Mexico, mphepo zamkuntho nthawi zambiri zimabwera, kuthamanga kwake komwe kumafika 240 km / h. Mphepo zamkuntho zotere zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeko zikuluzikulu, zivulazidwe ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma cha boma.
Nyengo yamvula ku Florida imayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi ndipo imatha kumayambiriro kwa Novembala.
Mapensulo awiriwa amapezeka kumalo amtunda womwewo, m'dera lomweli la nyengo (KP) - otentha, koma amasiyana kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya ndi mvula.
Nyengo yofatsa yamadzi ku gombe lakummawa kwa Florida ndi chifukwa chotentha kwa Gulf. Mphepo zam'mwera chakum'mawa zochokera ku nyanja ya Atlantic zimapita ku Florida Peninsula ndikubweretsa mvula yambiri, nyengo yake ndi yotentha.
Mafunde am'mlengalenga, atadutsa mapiri a Cordillera, amakhala ouma ndipo, kutsikira ku Pacific Ocean (komwe kuli kuzizira kwa California), samathandizira kuti pakhale mpweya, chifukwa chake nyengo yake ndi yotentha ku Peninsula California.
Kutsiliza: Ngakhale kuli kotengera malo amodzi, chilumba cha California ndi Florida zilibe kusiyana kwakukulu nyengo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mafunde, kuwongolera komwe kukuwomba mphepo komanso kupumira pansi.
Nthawi Zosangalatsa Zoyenda ndi California
Kusasintha kwa nyengo, chilimwe chamuyaya, zobiriwira komanso dzuwa lowala - ndiye ku California pafupifupi chaka chonse komanso pafupifupi kudera lonse lokhalamo anthu.
Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa sequoia Hyperion, wamtunda wa 115, kumera ku California.
Ngakhale kuli nyengo yabwino kwambiri komanso gombe lokongola, California ili ndi vuto limodzi lalikulu - madzi aku Pacific sakutenthetsera tchuthi chokwanira. Madzi amakhala ndi + 18 ° C yambiri, ndipo amatha kuthilidwa chifukwa champhamvu. Komabe, iyi ndi mecca ya osefukira - mafunde am'deralo ndi okongola, koma kwa okwera okha, kusambira mumkuntho woterewu ndizosatheka. Chifukwa chake, mwina masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso tambo yokongola, kapena chikondi pa gombe (chakudya chamadzulo panyanja, kuyenda).
Nthawi yabwino kuyenda ndi Epulo-Okutobala, wotchedwa "Chilimwe ku California".
Chifukwa chiyani kupita ku California? Kumbuyo kwa magombe okongola modabwitsa, mafunde amphamvu, ma selfies kumbuyo kwa mawu olembedwa kuti "Hollywood", mapaki okongola, ma geys ndi mapiri ophulika, tchuthi cha ski komanso kuyenda m'malo otchuka a "golide".
Zovala zobweretsa
Kutalika kwambiri ndi jekete lachikopa, ochepera ndi bikini. California imalandira alendo nthawi zonse nthawi yotentha, ngakhale nthawi yozizira popanda kutentha kutentha + 15 ° C. Ndipo nthawi yozizira yamvula kumpoto, boma liyenera kukhala ndi maambulera ndi nsapato zosavala madzi, mvula yamvula. Kupita kudera la San Francisco nyengo yozizira, ndikofunika kulongedza chipewa ndi magolovesi - imatha kukhala yopanda pake, komanso yosalala - osachepera 5 digiri pansi pa ziro. Zisanu kum'mwera kwa boma kudzakhala okwanira otentha otentha. Pali mvula yochepa kwambiri.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha masiku dzuwa chili ku Sacramento. Likulu la California latsala kumbuyo Los Angeles ndi San Francisco.
Novembala
Ndi Thanksgiving yokha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwa kumapeto kwa Novembala, pomwe nyengo imayamba kufanana ndi nyengo yophukira. Pakadali pano, kusiyana kwanyengo pakati pa kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa boma kumaonekera. Kummwera, kumakhala kotentha, pomwe kumpoto kuli -7-m'mapiri. Mukugwa, "zolakwika za Thule" zimatsikira kumpoto kwa California. Novembala ndi mwezi wokhazikika weniweni wa m'dzinja, kuzungulira + 18 ° C.
Mtengo wokhala ndi mitengo yokhazikika umapanga malire achilendo pakati pa Kumwera ndi Kumpoto kwa California, komwe mitengo yamkini ndi mitengo ya kanjedza imamera mbali ndi pang'ono.
Disembala
Palinso tchuthi chapamwamba ku California - chifukwa ndioyenera kulowera kumpoto kupita ku Lake Tahoe (250 km kuchokera ku San Francisco), kupita ku Havenly resort ndi mazana ake otsetsereka a ski. Malo ena oyandama ndi mapiri a Mammoth Mountain kumwera.
Kuzizira koopsa kunachitika mu 1937, ndiye kunali kotheka kutentha kotheratu - madigiri 43 pansi pa ziro.
Juni Ogasiti
Nthawi yabwino tchuthi cholimbira cha pagombe. Kwa $ 75 pa Huntington Beach, likulu la dziko lonse lapansi, mutha kudziwa luso logwiritsa ntchito funde. Ndipo ku Dana Point, mutha kudumphira m'madzi ndikupita kolumphira pansi pa $ 105. Julayi ndi avareji tsiku lililonse + 35 ° C.
Chithunzi wamba ku California ndikukhazikika kwa nyumba zomwe zili ndi masangweji pamoto wamoto wowononga.
Seputembala
Kuyamba kwa Autumn ndi nthawi yabwino kuti mupeze zikhalidwe zopambana za California. Sonoma kapena Napa - mukupita kumalo alionse opambana opambana ku San Francisco, simudzataya: mutha kukolola. Kwa $ 15-17 mutha kulawa ma vinyu angapo wamba. Mu Okutobala, nyengo ya chilimwe ya California ikutha.
Maamondi onse aku America amachokera ku California. Dzikoli lilinso mtsogoleri pantchito yopanga vinyo ndi zoumba (mzinda wa ku Carifornian Fresnoproduces woposa theka la mitengo yonse yamphesa padziko lapansi).