Malamulo a Myxins, monga lamulo, amafikira kukula kwa theka la mita. Munthu wamkulu wophwanya rekodi anajambulidwa ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 127. Nyamayo imakhala ndi thupi lotalika ziphuphu, lopanda zipsepse. Kuzungulira pakamwa ndi mphuno imodzi kumamera tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tambiri (6 kutengera mitundu). Mosiyana ndi maxillary (pakamwa kamatsegulidwa molunjika), pakamwa pa chosakanikacho imagwira ntchito molunjika. Tambala tating'onoting'ono timagwira ntchito yooneka bwino, chifukwa maso a nyamayo, amakula ndi khungu. Kuti athandizire kulephera kuwona, myxin ali ndi maselo ojambula omwe amakhala pamutu komanso pafupi ndi cloaca.
Mafuta ophatikizika ndi zolengedwa zam'nyanja zonyansa kwambiri. Chithunzi ndi kanema mixin
Thupi la chosakanikiracho limabisalira ntchofu, mothandizidwa ndi momwe limalowera m'malo osavomerezeka kwambiri pamadzi am'nyanja, komanso m'mimba mwa nsomba zowola kale. Pazonse, ili ndi pores pafupifupi 100 yomwe ma ntchofu amatuluka ndi kuphimba mbali yonse ya thupi. Izi ma mucous pores amawonekera bwino mu mitundu ya Atlantic ya myxines. Chigawo chili keratin ndi mucin, yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe osasunthika, osatsukidwa ndi madzi.
Mwa njira, ntchofu uyu samangothandiza nyamayo kukwawa mkati mwa nsomba yowola, komanso imalepheretsa, ikudzaza yokha mphuno ndi kamwa. Kuti tichotse izi, nyamayo imamangidwira kumutu, ikulowera pomwe imakata chigulu cha ntchofu. Kuphatikiza apo, iyi ndi nyama yokhayo yam'madzi yodziwika bwino yomwe yaphunzira kusisita, kumasula mphuno.
Mafuta ophatikizika ndi zolengedwa zam'nyanja zonyansa kwambiri. Chithunzi ndi kanema mixin
Montina ali ndi mitima 4. Chimodzi mwazofunikira. Dongosolo loyenda limadutsa m'mitima yonse, kotero kulephera kwa imodzi sikungachititse kuti nyamayo iphedwe "mwachangu". Pali nthawi zina pamene mexin wokhazikika amapitilira kusambira kwa maola opitilira 5. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi kwa nthawi yayitali imachita bwino popanda chakudya ndipo imatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Kuswana
Zochepa ndizodziwika pakubala kwa mexin. M'mitundu ina, magulu owonerera amasonkhana pomwe kuchuluka kwa kugonana ndi 100: 1 m'malo mwa akazi. Ena amakhala ndi ziwalo zachimuna ndi zachikazi, kuwapanga iwo hermaphrodites.
Akazi amayikira mazira 1 mpaka 30. Palibe gawo laopunduka, mosiyana ndi zoikapo nyali zofanana ndi Mexico. Achinyamata omwe akutuluka nthawi yomweyo amawoneka ngati akuluakulu. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ina yokha imasankha jenda, kutengera kuchuluka kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali mumpingowu, omwe amatha mpaka anthu 15,000.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ma mixins amatha nthawi yayitali pansi, amakonda dongo, matope, kapena mchenga. Nyama imakumbira mozondoka, ikukhazikika. Pansi pa silt iwo amapeza nyongolotsi ndi zovunda zomwe amapanga zakudya zawo zazikulu. Myxins amalowa m'matupi a nsomba zakufa kudzera mkamwa kapena m'matumbo. Atalowa mkatikati mwa thupi, nyamayo imakola thupi lomwe kuti liwonongeke. Siwopanso kuukira nsomba yomwe imadwala komanso yotopa, ikukwera mkati mwake momwemo momwe iliri mtembo wakufa.
Mafuta ophatikizika ndi zolengedwa zam'nyanja zonyansa kwambiri. Chithunzi ndi kanema mixin
Miksin amakopeka ndi nyama iliyonse yomwe ilipo, nthawi zambiri imakola nsomba zathanzi, zomwe sizitha kuyenda. Asodzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde amadziwa kuti m'malo omwe amakonda ma mixin, ndizosatheka kuti agwidwe, popeza nyamayi imakumana ndi mwayi uliwonse. Poganizira kuti sukulu ya nsomba zamatsenga imatha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 10,000, ndikosavuta kusintha malo asodzi kuposa kuyembekeza kuti osakanikirana angosiira nyama yokha.
Ubale ndi munthu
Popeza maonekedwe a myxins ndi momwe amadyera ndizonyansa, palibe kuwedza komwe kumayendetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo ometera, nsomba zamatsenga zimadziwika kuti ndi zachuma. Pakadali pano, mitundu yonse yosakanikirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina achikopa, ndikupanga "khungu la eel". Gombe lakumadzulo kwa North America, komwe kuwedza malonda a mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumachitika kale, ndizodziwika bwino.
M'mayiko ena ku Asia, chosakanizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Ku Japan, Taiwan komanso makamaka ku South Korea, mbale yokazinga imaphikidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Kafukufuku amakono a ntchofu awonetsa kuti ili ndi mtundu wake wapadera wokhala ndi mankhwala. Kapangidwe kake ndikuti amatha kusintha malo mwamphamvu kwambiri pakuletsa magazi.
Ku Korea, mixin amagulitsidwa ngati nsomba yamoyo.
Miksina - nyongolotsi yayikulu kapena nsomba yayitali?
Sikuti cholengedwa chilichonse padziko lapansi chimatchedwa "chonyansa kwambiri." Invertebrate mixin Amavala maina ena osadziwika: "eel-slug", "worm sea" ndi "nsomba zamatsenga". Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa kuti kodi munthu wokhala pamadzi amapeza zochuluka motani.
Kuyang'ana zithunzi zosakaniza, ndipo simudzadziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti: nyongolotsi yayikulu, nkhono yayitali popanda chipolopolo, kapena nsomba yodziwikiratu. Chosawoneka bwino kwambiri chirombo cham'nyanja ichi.
Komabe, asayansi asankha kale. Ananyamula chosakanikacho polumikizira pakati pa nyongolotsi ndi nsomba. Cholengedwa chachilendo ichi chimatchedwa vertebrate, ngakhale ilibe ma vertebrae. Pali mafupa okhaokha a chigaza. Gulu la Mixin chosavuta kuzindikira, cholengedwa chimagawidwa ngati cyclostomes.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo osakanikirana
Nyama imakhala ndi zachilendo kapangidwe kakunja. MixinsMonga lamulo, ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45-70. Nthawi zina, pitani nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, mbiri ya masentimita 127 yalembedwa.
Mphuno yopanda awiri imakongoletsa mutu. Pakamwa komanso pamphuno, tinyanga timamera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala pali a 6-8 a iwo. Tizilombo tiwotchi ndi chiwalo chanyama kwa nyama, mosiyana ndi maso, omwe mu myxines amakodzana ndi khungu. Mphepete mwa anthu okhala pansi pamadzi sakupanga.
Pakamwa pa myxin, mosiyana ndi nyama zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri, limatseguka mozungulira. Mkamwa mumatha kuwona mizere iwiri ya mano ndi dzino limodzi losavomerezeka m'mlengalenga.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi samatha kumvetsetsa momwe myxin amapumira. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti kudzera pamphuno imodzi. Chiwalo chawo chopumira ndimagalasi, omwe amakhala ndi mbale zingapo za cartilaginous.
Pa chithunzi "Mfiti"
Mtundu wa "chilombo cham'nyanja" umatengera malo, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza mitundu iyi:
Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo omwe amabisa ntchofu. Zimapezeka makamaka m'mphepete mwa thupi la "nsomba zamatsenga". Ichi ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri kwa ma myxins onse, chimathandiza kusaka nyama zina komanso kusakhala zodyera.
Zamkati kapangidwe ka mixinndizosangalatsa. Wokhala pansi pamadzi ali ndi ubongo ziwiri ndi mitima inayi. Ziwalo zitatu zowonjezera zikupezeka m'mutu, mchira ndi chiwindi cha "chilombo cham'nyanja". Komanso, magazi amadutsa m'mitima yonse inayi. Chimodzi mwa izo chikalephera, nyamayo ikhoza kukhalabe ndi moyo.
Mu chithunzichi, kapangidwe ka mixin
Malinga ndi asayansi, pazaka mazana atatu zapitazo, chosakanikirachi sichinasinthe. Ndi mawonekedwe ake okalamba omwe amawopsa anthu, ngakhale kale anthu otere sanali achilendo.
Kodi ndingapeze kuti chosakanizira? Amapezeka, osati kutali ndi gombe:
- North America
- Europe
- Greenland
- Green Greenland.
Msodzi waku Russia angakumane naye mu Nyanja ya Barents. Atlantic mixin amakhala kumunsi kwa North Sea komanso kumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Anthu okhala pansi pamadzi amakonda kuya kwa 100-500 metres, koma nthawi zina amapezeka pamtunda woposa kilomita.
Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha ma mixins
Masana, ma mixins amakonda kugona. Ndi gawo lotsika la thupi, amaikidwa m'manda, ndipo amangosiyidwa ndi mutu. Usiku, mphutsi zam'nyanja zimasaka.
Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndizovuta kuyitanitsa kusaka kwathunthu. "Nsomba za mfiti" nthawi zambiri zimangogwira nsomba zodwala komanso zopanda mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, pa iwo omwe akhala ndi ndodo kapena maukonde asodzi.
Ngati wozunzidwayo akhoza kukana, "chilombo cham'nyanja" chimavutitsa. Kukwera pansi pa mapiko myxin chinsinsi ntchofu. Zipilalazo zimasiya kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi ndipo wolakwiridwayo amafa chifukwa chokwanira.
Mwanjira iyi, nyamayo imasunga ntchofu zambiri. Munthu m'masekondi ochepa amatha kudzaza chidebe chonse. Mwa njira, makamaka chifukwa zinyama zimabisala ntchofu kwambiri, sizisangalatsidwa kwambiri ndi zilombo. "Eel-slug" ndi ukalamba umalumpha kuchokera m'nsagwada za nyama zam'madzi.
Ma melon amatha kutulutsa ndowa pafupifupi mphindi imodzi
Zosakaniza zokha sizimakonda kukhala mu ntchofu wawo, kotero pambuyo pa kuukiridwa, amayesetsa kuti athetse msanga momwe angathere ndipo amapindika kukhala mfundo. Mwinanso chifukwa chake, chisinthiko sichidalipira anthu okhala m'madzi pamiyeso.
Posachedwa, asayansi atsimikiza kuti myxin ntchofu itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ili ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amathandizira kuti magazi asatuluke. Mwinanso m'tsogolomu, mankhwala atha kupangidwa kuchokera ku ntchofu.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Myxins ndi am'gulu la nyama zatsoka, amapatsidwa gulu la myxines, oda ya myxine, ndi banja la myxine. Karl Linney wakhala akuphunzira nyama izi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa nthawi yayitali, adawaganizira pamsewu ndi ma vertebrates. Ngakhale kuti amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa, iwo amasankhidwa ngati nyama zoyambira. Maziko omaliza ake anali kufufuza kwa majini.
Asayansi anazindikira kuti makolo akale a myxines amakono anali ndi zoyambira za msana, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi zinthu zina zamkati, zokhala ngati zoikapo nyali, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati abale apamtima a myxins.
Kanema: Mixina
Asayansi atha kudziwa kuti zinthu zakale zophatikizika kale zinalipo padziko lapansi zaka zoposa mamiliyoni 350 zapitazo. Komabe, anthu awa adasowa zoyambira za msana, komabe, anali ndi ziwalo zamaso zomwe zidapangidwa bwino ndikupatsa nyama mawonekedwe abwino. Popita nthawi, machitidwe osintha, ziwalo zamawonedwe zasowa ntchito yayikulu. Chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimagwira ngati malo osungirako malo ndi anangula, omwe amagwira ntchito yokhudza.
Asayansi akuwona kuti pazaka mazana atatu kapena sikisi zapitazi, zolengedwa izi sizinasinthe kwambiri. Mwambiri, tikasanthula njira yonse yazosinthira za mphutsi zam'madzi, zitha kudziwika kuti kuyambira pomwe adawonekera, sanasinthe kwenikweni.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Remixina kapena nsomba zamatsenga
Mixina ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso achindunji. Kunja, amafanana ndi nkhono zazikulu kapena zazitali. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 40-70. Nthawi zina, anthu amakula nthawi yayitali.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Chojambulira chomwe chili pakati pa myxines kutalika kwa thupi ndi munthu yemwe adafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 127.
Pali mphuno imodzi pamutu yomwe ilibe awiri. Pakamwa ndi mphuno zambiri pamakhala zosefukira. Chiwerengero chawo chimasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero cha azungu chingafikire 5 mpaka 8 zidutswa. Ndi ndevu izi zomwe zimathandiza nyama kuyenda mumlengalenga ndikuchita ziwalo zogwira. Ziwalo zamawonedwe mu nyama sizikula bwino, chifukwa pang'onopang'ono zimadutsa khungu ndi zaka.
Ziphuphu mu myxines sizikulitsidwa bwino, sizikupezeka thupi. Kapangidwe kochititsa chidwi kamakhala ndi kamlomo kam'kamwa. Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri, zimatseguka mozungulira. Pali mizere iwiri ya mano mkati mwa kamwa, ndipo pali dzino limodzi losatupa m'chigawo cha mlengalenga.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri osamalira nyama samatha kudziwa momwe nyamayo imapumira. Pambuyo pa maphunziro angapo, zidatha kudziwa kuti kupuma kumachitika kudzera pamphuno imodzi. Chiwalo chothandizira kupuma ndi makutu. Mipira ndi ziwalo zomwe zimakhala ma cartilage angapo. Mawonekedwe amtunduwu amaimilira pamadzi apamadzi akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana komanso kutengera dera ndi malo okhala.
Mtundu wamtundu wa makina ophatikizika ndi awa:
- pinki
- ofiira ndi imvi
- zofiirira
- lilac
- zobiriwira zakuda.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi nyama ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo komwe amapanga ntchofu. Ndi thandizo lake amatha kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zilombo komanso kusaka. Phulusa lomwe zolengedwa zimatulutsa limakhala ndi keratin ndi mucin. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kamene azikhala kolimba, kachulukidwe ndipo sikuloleza kutsukidwa ndi madzi.
Myxins alibe msana, ndipo chigaza chimakhala ndi cartilage. Kapangidwe kamkati ka thupi sikofanana ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la ena okhala m'madzi. Ali ndi ubongo ziwiri ndi mitima inayi. Modabwitsa, magazi amayenda m'mitima yonse inayi. Ziwalo zowonjezera zimapezeka kumutu, mchira, ndi chiwindi. Ngakhale umodzi mwa mitima utalephera, izi sizikhudza thanzi lake.
Kodi mixin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: nsomba za Mixin
Mixina ndi nyama yomwe imangokhala m'madzi am'nyanja. Zimachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana. Anthu ambiri amasungidwa kwakuya kwa mamita 300-500. Komabe, pali oyimilira amtunduwu omwe amapezeka pakuya mamita oposa 1000. Mixina amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, kutali ndi gombe silimachoka. Amakonzekeretsa zigawo zokhala ndi malo otentha komanso otentha.
Madera okhala malo okhala nyama:
Ku Russia, asodzi nthawi zambiri amakumana naye ku Nyanja ya Barents. Mitundu ya Atlantic ya myxines imakhala pansi pa North Sea komanso madera akumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Nyama zimatha nthawi yawo yambiri pansi pamadzi. Zambiri mwa izo amakonda dongo, losalala, lamchenga pansi. Ndi nyengo yozizira, nyama zimatsika mozama makilomita oposa 1.4 kuzisintha kuzizira.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mixin amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi maxine amadya chiyani?
Mixina amatanthauza zolengedwa zokongola. Amakhala nthawi yake yambiri pansi pamadzi. Ndiye kuti amadzipezera chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, nyongolotsi yam'madzi imangoyenda munyanja ndikuyang'ana mabwinja a anthu omwe akukhala m'madzi. Mu nsomba zakufa ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi, myxine amalowa kudzera pakamwa kapena m'mbali mwa branchial. Mkati mwa thupi, nyamayo imangofufuza zotsalira za minofu kuchokera pachimake.
Kuphatikiza apo nsomba zam'mwambazo zimadya zotsalira za anthu oyenda m'madzi omwe amwalira, zimathandizanso ofooka, odwala, kapena nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa m'maukonde. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yosakanikirana imatha kusaka m'matumba. Ndi mano akuthwa, amatafuna kukhoma kwa khomalo la nsomba ndikuyamba kudya ziwalo zamkati, kenako ndi mnofu wogwira. Ngati nsombayo ikapitiliza kulimbana ndi nyongolotsi yam'nyanja, imangoyambitsa mseru wambiri, womwe umatchinga mabowo. Amisala okhetsa magazi amafa chifukwa cha kukhuta.
Asodzi akudziwa kuti m'malo omwe nyama zam'madzi izi zimakhala, ndizopanda nsomba, palibe chomwe chingapangidwe. Pofunafuna nyama yabwino, chosakanikacho chimayamba kuda. Amadya chilichonse chomwe angapezeke ngati chosaka.
Zomwe zimagwira ngati chakudya
Kuphatikiza pa okhala pamadzi ali pamwambawa, nsomba zamatsenga sizimadana ndi nsomba zamtundu wina uliwonse, kuphatikiza mitundu yayikulu - shaki, dolphin. Ndi chikhalidwe chake kuti aukire mnzakeyo yekha, kapena monga gulu lonse.
Chosangalatsa: Asodziwo atatha kugwira nsomba, mkati mwake amatha kuwerengetsa tiziromboti toposa 120!
Ziweto za nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi izi zimakhala zambiri. Chiwerengero cha gulu limodzi lotere chitha kufikira masauzande angapo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Myxin Sea Worm
Mixina ndi nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa akatswiri azamanyama ndi ofufuza. Mwachilengedwe, amapatsidwa mphamvu yotulutsa nthumbu yambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Wachikulire mmodzi amatha kutulutsira ndowa yonse mumphindi zochepa zokha.
Pakadali pano nyama yolusa ikatsala pang'ono kugunda nyongolotsi yam'madzi, imatulutsa ndulu yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti alenje apume.Pambuyo pake, chilombocho chitagonjetsedwa, myxin imatsuka thupi lake lomwelo. Amapinda ndi mfundo. Nyama imayamba kupindika kuchoka mchira, pang'onopang'ono kusuntha mutuwo mpaka kumapeto. Asayansi akuwona kuti ndikusowa kwa masikelo komwe kumathandiza myxin kuyeretsa matupi awo mwachangu.
Nyongolotsi zam'madzi zimadziwika kuti ndi nyama usiku. Masana, nthawi zambiri amagona. Munthawi imeneyi, nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mchira mpaka pansi. Mutu wokha umangokhala pamwamba. Ndi kumayambiriro kwamdima, nyama zimasaka.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Njira yofalitsira myxin siyimamveka bwino. Asayansi adatha kudziwa kuti chiwerengero cha akazi chimaposa chiwerengero cha amuna. Pafupifupi amuna zana ali ndi amuna amodzi okha. Mwachilengedwe, pali anthu ambiri okhala ndi ziwalo zogonana amuna ndi akazi ndipo amatchedwa hermaphrodites. Chifukwa cha izi, siziwopsezedwa kuti adzatha kapena kuwonongedwa. Ndizachilendo kuti zolengedwa izi zizitha kudziimira pawokha ngati amuna ndi akazi okwanira kubereka.
Nthawi yakubzala, nyama zimayenda kutali kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikutsika pansi. Wamkazi amasankha malo oyenera kuyikira mazira. Wamkazi m'modzi amatha kuyikira mazira 10 kapena 30 aang'ono kwambiri. Kukula kwa dzira limodzi kuli pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Mazira akaikira, wamwamuna amakwaniritsa iwo.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zapamadzi zambiri, nyongolotsi za m'nyanja sizimafa zitayikira mazira. Munthawi yakubzala, nsomba zamatsenga sizidya chilichonse, chifukwa chake, atasiya ana, akufulumira kukonzanso mphamvu zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikupeza chakudya chokwanira. Mixina amasiya mwana kangapo pa moyo wake wonse.
Asayansi sanapeze mgwirizano pa tsogolo la myxin. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi gawo lopepuka. Ena amakhulupirira kuti sanatero. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nyongolotsi zomwe zimabadwa mwachangu zimapeza mawonekedwe a makolo awo ndikudziyimira pawokha. Nthawi yayitali yomwe nyama zimayenda panyanja ndi zaka 10 mpaka 14.
Adani achilengedwe a mixin
Chithunzi: European Mixina
Mpaka pano, mitundu yosakanikirana ilibe mdani mu chilengedwe chawo. Odyera panyanja samawonetsa chidwi mwa iwo chifukwa nsomba zamatsenga zimatulutsa nthumbu yambiri ya viscous. Chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale pakamwa pa zilombo zowopsa kwambiri sizisankhidwa mosavuta.
Chifukwa chakuti woyimilira uyu wam'madzi amakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, samasakidwa. Ngakhale zili zofunikira kudziwa kuti m'maiko ena, monga Japan, Taiwan ndi South Korea, zakudya zabwino komanso zosowa kwambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nyama ya mixin. M'mayiko ambiri, nsapato za m'madzi zimadziwikiratu ngati tizirombo ta nsomba.
Mpaka pano, anthu adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zolengedwa monga nsomba zamatsenga pazolinga zawo. Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali m'mphepete mwa North America amadziwika ndi kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito myxin mumsika wamafuta ndikupanga kuchokera kwa iwo "khungu la eel" lodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mchina wa Mixina ndi yekhayo wokhala m'madzi amene angazembe. Ndi nyumbayi, amatsuka mphuno yake pachimake chomwe chalowa.
Akatswiri amakono opanga zamankhwala ndi akatswiri azachuma apeza mtundu wamtengo wapatali wa ziphuphu zakumaso - kuthekera kopititsa patsogolo njira zopangira magazi. Asayansi akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayi mu pharmacology ndikupanga kukonzekera kwakukulu kutengera chinthucho. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mwachilengedwe, asodzi a ufiti alibe adani.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Witch nsomba, kapena mixa
Masiku ano, asayansi akuwona kuti zilombo zam'nyanjazi sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zidzatha. Alibe mdani kuthengo, chifukwa ntchofu zomwe amapanga ndi chida champhamvu kulimbana ndi zilombo zamtundu uliwonse. Ngakhale zilombo zazikulu komanso zoopsa sizingafanane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri ndi hermaphrodites, amatha kudziwa kugonana kwawo nthawi yakubala. Zinyama zam'nyanja ndizosangalatsa, zimatha kudyetsa nsomba, kapena nsomba zofowoka ndi zodwala, ndi zotsalira za okhala m'madzi.
Chifukwa choti mawonekedwe, komanso zomwe zimachitika pakudya ndizonyansa, anthu samazisaka. M'madera ena kumene kuwedza nsomba kumachitidwa, nyongolotsi yam'madzi imayesedwa ngati tizilombo. Mpaka pano, chifukwa cha malonda, mixin amangopezeka ku North America kokha. Pamenepo amapita kukapanga khungu la eel. Kuderali, makampani azikopa adapangidwa kale bwino.
M'mayiko ena a Asia, amadya anthu okhala m'madzi. Ku South Korea, Japan, ndi Taiwan, asing'anga ofotokoza nsomba amakonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana yokazinga. Asayansi amakono apeza kuti ntchofu za mbewa zam'madzi zimakhala ndi katundu wodabwitsa - zimathandizira njira zopanga magazi. Pamenepa, maphunziro ambiri akuchitika, pomwe ofufuza akuyesera kukonzekera kwambiri izi.
Myxins ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa zomwe njira yawo ya moyo imayambitsa chidwi cha asayansi ambiri komanso kunyansidwa ndi anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kodziyimira pawokha panthawiyi yobereketsa, komanso kuthekera kuteteza mothandizidwa ndi makulidwe amiyala, owoneka bwino komanso kudya chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka, amakhala nzika zoyenda panyanja. Munthu samawonetsa chidwi chilichonse mwa iwo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe oyipa ndi moyo wawo. M'madera ambiri omwe makamaka magulu ambiri anyaniwa amapezeka, asodzi a mafakitale ayimitsidwa, kuyambira mixin imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 45-70. Mafupa a Axial - ena. Palibe ziphuphu zopaka. Mphuno yopanda mapangidwe imakhala kumapeto kwa mutu ndikuyankhulana ndi pharynx. Pakamwa ndi mphuno zimapangidwa ndi maulesi amtundu wa 6-8. Matumba a gill - awiriawiri - 12-16; mumtundu uliwonse, thumba lililonse limayankhulana ndi pharynx ndi malo akunja; ena, amatsegula mbali iliyonse ndikutseguka wamba. Mafupa a gill amakhala ndi mbale zochepa zama cartilage. Amaganiziranso kuti khungu la myxinum limasinthika kuti lipume pakhungu.
Dongosolo lokuzungulira limatseguka, pamakhala mtima waukulu ndi zina zowonjezera 3, mitima yowonjezerayi ili pamutu, chiwindi ndi mchira. Ma mixins ali ndi amodzi mwamunsi kwambiri pamagazi pakati pa ma vertebrates. Alinso ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi mpaka kulemera kwa thupi poyerekeza ndi ma chord ena, pafupifupi 17 ml ya magazi pa 100 g ya misa. Maso amalimbitsa khungu, amawona myxin bwino, popeza maso awo ndi akale kwambiri, maselo okhala ndi zithunzi amapezeka mozungulira khungu.
Myxins amatha kumangirira mfundo kuti aziduladula chakudya, amamasula ku grip, kapena kuyeretsa thupi la ntchofu.
Kuyanjana kwa anthu
Ma mitundu osakanikirana ndiwokongola ndipo amafanana ndi nsomba malinga ndi kukoma kwawo, koma ambiri amakana kuyesa mitunduyi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe.
Zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu posodza. Asodzi a m'mphepete mwa England, Western Sweden ndi Southern Norway nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kuti asinthe malo asodzi, chifukwa "zopangira" zomwe zimasakanikirana zimatha kuzisiya popanda nyama.
Amakhala okhathamira, amalola kuti akhalebe osakhalapo ndi madzi, amatha kukhala ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhalabe ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, atalandira kuvulala koopsa.
Kuchulukitsa
Makina osakanikirana ndi osakanikirana sanakhazikitsidwe - masukulu ambiri a taxonomic ali ndi malingaliro awo pamalo awo pamtengo wa phylogenetic wa ma chordates: amatha kuphatikiza ndi zoyatsira nyali mgululi (kalasi kapena superclass) ya cyclostomes, kapena ngati magawo osiyana amayikidwa mu supermlass ya maxillary, Myxinomhi , Petromyzontorphi) - mu chuma chamkati, kapena ngati chithunzi chosiyana (Myxinomorphi) - mu chuma chamkati, pomwe minogates ali mawonekedwe a superclass Petromyzontorphi - mu vertebrate infratype. Ndizachilendo kuti myxiniformes amalembedwa kuti ndi cranial, koma osati vertebral, ndendende chifukwa chosapezeka chilichonse cha msana panthawi yopanga ziwalo komanso kukula. Komabe, mitundu ina ya myxines (leech), msana unapezeka, kapena mwina mawonekedwe ake amafanana, pomwe funso limatsalira za kwawo komweko mpaka msana weniweni wa ma vertebrates, ndipo, motero, mwatsatanetsatane wa myxines. Ngati mapangidwewa amapangika ndi msana, ndiye kuti maina amapezeka m'magulu am'mimba, ndipo, chowonjezerapo chikuwoneka kuti chikugwirizana ndi vertebral, chifukwa pazovala zamtambo zomwe mosakayikira zimadziwika kuti ndizogwirizanitsa ndi msana weniweni zimadziwikanso, ndipo chifukwa chake, cranial, non-vertebral, isala.
Gulu
Pofika Novembala 2017, mabanja ndi mabanja omwe adatsatirawa akuphatikizidwa m'banjamo:
- Subfamily Eptatretinae Bonaparte, 1850
- Genus Eptatretus Cloquet, 1819 - Leeches, kapena leech tatifupi
- Genus Heptatretus Regan, 1912
- Genus Rubicundus Fernholm et al. , 2013
- Subfamily Myxininae Rafinesque, 1815
- Genus Myxine Linnaeus, 1758 - Mixins
- Genus Nemamyxine Richardson, 1958 - Akuluakulu a Thin
- Genus Neomyxine Richardson, 1953 - Neomyxins
- Genus Notomyxine Nani & Gneri, 1951
Mu 2019, nkhokwe zakale zamtundu wa myxine zidapezeka m'miyala pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni za ku Lebanon. Tethymyxine tapirostrum .
Mafuta ophatikizika ndi zolengedwa zam'nyanja zonyansa kwambiri. Chithunzi ndi kanema mixin
M'magulu azasayansi, mitundu yosakanikirana ndi ya gulu la Cyclostomata, ndipo si nsomba, ngakhale asayansi ena amalimbikira kuti, monga zoikapo nyali, ali ndi ufulu wotchedwa chimenecho. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mayina angapo osadziwika - "amfiti a nsomba" ndi "eel-slug".
Malamulo a Myxins, monga lamulo, amafikira kukula kwa theka la mita. Munthu wamkulu wophwanya rekodi anajambulidwa ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 127. Nyamayo imakhala ndi thupi lotalika ziphuphu, lopanda zipsepse. Kuzungulira pakamwa ndi mphuno imodzi kumamera tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tambiri (6 kutengera mitundu).
Mosiyana ndi maxillary (pakamwa kamatsegulidwa molunjika), pakamwa pa chosakanikacho imagwira ntchito molunjika. Tambala tating'onoting'ono timagwira ntchito yooneka bwino, chifukwa maso a nyamayo, amakula ndi khungu.
Kuti athandizire kulephera kuwona, myxin ali ndi maselo ojambula omwe amakhala pamutu komanso pafupi ndi cloaca.
Pazonse, ili ndi pores pafupifupi 100 yomwe ma ntchofu amatuluka ndi kuphimba mbali yonse ya thupi. Izi ma mucous pores amawonekera bwino mu mitundu ya Atlantic ya myxines.
Phulusa limakhala ndi keratin ndi mucin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale losasunthika, osatsukidwa ndi madzi.
Mwa njira, ntchofu uyu samangothandiza nyamayo kukwawa mkati mwa nsomba yowola, komanso imalepheretsa, ikudzaza yokha mphuno ndi kamwa. Kuti tichotse izi, nyamayo imamangidwira kumutu, ikulowera pomwe imakata chigulu cha ntchofu. Kuphatikiza apo, iyi ndi nyama yokhayo yam'madzi yodziwika bwino yomwe yaphunzira kusisita, kumasula mphuno.
Montina ali ndi mitima 4. Chimodzi mwazofunikira. Dongosolo loyenda limadutsa m'mitima yonse, kotero kulephera kwa imodzi sikungachititse kuti nyamayo iphedwe "mwachangu". Pali nthawi zina pamene mexin wokhazikika amapitilira kusambira kwa maola opitilira 5. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi kwa nthawi yayitali imachita bwino popanda chakudya ndipo imatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Myxins subclass -myxini
Khodi yomweyo m'malo angapo imakhala yopweteka. Lero ndilemba mawu ochepa onena zobwerezabwereza magawo.
Anthu abwera ndi yankho kale - mutha kuyika njira zomwezo ndi malo omwe ali mgulu wamba, ndipo ngati sichoncho, gwiritsani ntchito zosayera.
Pali kukhazikitsidwa kwa miliyoni miliyoni kwapa JavaScript, ndikufuna kufotokoza pamtunduwu pamene chosakanizira chikufika cholowa cholowa.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kuwona vuto lathu. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi makalasi awiri oyambira ndipo ana awiri timalandira kuchokera kwa iwo. Nthawi zina, kufunika kwa magwiridwe antchito amodzi kumawonekera m'makalasi a ana.
Kuphatikiza wamba kumawoneka ngati izi pa chithunzi chathu: Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti magwiridwe antchito awa alibe chochita ndi makalasi, chifukwa kuyika m'makalasi ena sikumveka komanso kolakwika. Chitengereni kupita kumalo kopanda - chosakanizira.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro azilankhulo, chosakanizira chimatha kukhala chinthu wamba. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mphindi yomwe nkhani yonse idalembedwa - momwe tingaphatikizire bwino mitundu yathu yosakanikirana.
Kutengera zomwe ndakumana nazo, nditha kunena kuti njira yosavuta kwambiri ndikupanga kalasi yakanthawi kokhazikika pa chosakanizira ndikuyiyika mu mndandanda wa cholowa.
- kupumula kwa kukhazikitsa
- kusinthika kwatsopano kwa kachidindo kamene kali mu chosakanizira,
- kusinthasintha kophatikiza mitundu yosakanikirana, kuthekera kopanga mitundu yodalirika popanda zovuta zambiri,
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina mu code sikupangitsa kuti mumvetsetse ndi kuthandizira, chifukwa njira yomwe ilipo kale imagwiritsidwa ntchito,
- kuthamanga kwa kulowererapo - palibe kuzungulira kumodzi komwe kumafunikira kuti kupukuta kophatikizana motere,
- kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira bwino - simumakopera chilichonse
Kulemba kachidindo
Mu zitsanzo zotsatirazi, kukhazikitsa kwina kugwiritsidwa ntchito - Laibulale ya Backbone.Mix. Mukayang'ana khodiyo, muwona kuti ndi yosavuta kwambiri, kotero mutha kuyisintha kuti musinthe momwe mumakondera.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yosakanikirana yomwe imapinda mu cholowa m'moyo weniweni ndikuwona zabwino za njirayi. Ingoganizirani kuti mukulemba tsamba)) ndipo patsamba lanu pali zinthu zosiyana zomwe mungathe kutseka - ma popup, malingaliro, ndi zina zambiri.
Timalowererapo.
var Popup = Backbone.View.mix (Kuyandikira) .extend (<// china chodabwitsa apa>), Wosavuta, sichoncho? Tsopano cholumikizira cholowa chathu chikuwoneka motere:
- woyamba amabwera m'munsi class Backbone.Von
- gulu losadziwika limalandira kuchokera ku icho, mawonekedwe ake omwe ndi Clinable mixin
- amaliza unyolo wathu popupika
Chiwembu choterechi chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwambiri kufotokozeranso njira zachinsinsi kuchokera ku chosakanizira mkalasi chomwe chimasakanikirana. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kupanga Popup kuti alembe kena kakatoni mukatseka: var Popup = Backbone.View.
... koma amathandiza. Nthawi zina kusenda kumakhala kopanda mphamvu, ndipo chosakanizira chimodzi ndi chofunikira.
Mwachitsanzo, tingoyerekeza kuti ndife anyamata ozizira ndikulemba chipika mu IndexedDB, tili ndi njira yathu yosakanikirana ndi izi - Loggable 🙂 var Loggable = <_log: function () <// Timalemba mu IndexedDB >>, ndiye tidzasokoneza popup mitundu iwiri yosakanikirana kale: var Popup = Backbone.View.mix (Kuyandikira, Loggable).
kuwonjezera (<_onClickClose: ntchito () <ichi._super (), iyi._log ('Popup chatsekedwa'), >>), syntax ikuwoneka kuti siyovuta. Pa chithunzi, zikuwoneka motere: Monga momwe mukuwonera, cholowa cholowa chimangolozera kutengera dongosolo la cholumikizira cha mixin.
Wodalirika Wosakaniza
Tsopano tayerekezerani momwe zinthu zomwe wasanthula wathu amatiyandikira nati akufuna kuphatikiza ziwerengero pazotseka zonse za ma popup, malingaliro - chilichonse chomwe chitha kutsekedwa. Zachidziwikire, kwa nthawi yayitali takhala ndi trackin chosakanika kwa milandu yotere, kuyambira nthawi yomwe timalembetsa patsamba.
var Trackable = <_track: function (chochitika) <// tumizani chochitikachi ku njira zina zosonkhanitsira maumbululi >> Sizosadabwitsa kuti tikufuna kulumikiza Zochitika Pang'onopang'ono komanso Zosavuta, kapena m'malo mwake Zitha kukhala zosavuta kuti zidutsidwe.
Zoyenderera, ozungulira, wopanda milomo. Kumapeto kwa kufalikira, awiriawiri a tinyanga: awiriawiri pafupi ndi pakamwa ndi awiriawiri kuzungulira khomo lamkati lomwe lili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mpikisano. Mtsempha wam'mimba umalumikizana ndi pharynx.
Pali thambo losavunda m'mlengalenga, lilime lomwe limatopetsa ndi mizere iwiri mano mbali iliyonse. Malo otseguka kuchokera ku awiri ndi awiriawiri. Matumba a gill awiriawiri-16-16. Dorsal fin
Pamodzi thupi lonse m'mphepete mwa mbali iliyonse kudutsa mzere umodzi wa pys lysal.
Ma mitundu ophatikizika ndi nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi otentha a Nyanja Yadziko Lonse. Zimatalika masentimita 50-100. Zimasungidwa mozama kuyambira mamita angapo mpaka 500 ndi kupitilira. Fotokozerani mwa kuyika mawonekedwe a ovoid, otsekemera m'makutu a nyanga okhala ndi ulusi wamtali kumapeto .. Nyama zam'munda zomwe zimatha kuluma m'thupi la wozunzidwayo. Banja limaphatikizapo 4 genera.
RodMixins - Myxine .tundu umodzi wotseguka wakunja kwa gill.tunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 10 yomwe imakhala m'madzi ozizira a Atlantic ndi Pacific Oceans.
1-5 myxin, 2-1 nyale, 3– Caspian lamprey, 4- mtsinje lamprey.
Wosakaniza European kapena Atlantic - M. glutinosa Linne, 1758. Kukula mpaka 50 cm. Madzi munyanja. Imakhala njira yamadzi yofalikira. Imakhala yofunda m'madzi ofunda a nyanja ya Atlantic [21,27]. Ilibe mtengo wotsatsa.
M'kamwa mwa kachilomboka kopanda kachilomboka, kamene kali ndi chingwe chachikopa, chili ndi mano ambiri a nyanga. Kutsegula kwammphuno kumakhala pamutu ndipo sikulankhula ndi pharynx. Ili ndi malo awiri otseguka a gill. Ma gill ma gill amalumikizana ndi subopharyngeal patsekeke. Maso amakula bwino nthawi zambiri.
Kugawidwa m'madzi ofunda a hemispheres onse awiri: Banja limaphatikizapo 4 genera.
Mwa zina zazing'ono zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi a dziko lathuli pali mitundu yosamukira komanso madzi abwino, kubereka kwawo kumachitika m'madzi oyera pamchenga wopanda miyala, magetsi atatha kumwalira. Kukula kwa mwendo kumayendera ndi metamorphosis, mphutsi ndizifupi (Ammocoetes), ali ndi zosiyana zingapo pamakhalidwe: palibe oyamwa ndi mano, pakamwa kumakhala kofiyira, diso limadalilidwa.
Tebulo lotanthauzira lamtundu waukulu wabanja
1 (2) Pa mbale ya maxillary pali dzino limodzi laling'ono lonyentchera (mkuyu. 57, 2) - zojambula zamtundu wa Caspian.
2 (1) Pa mbale yotsatsira, mano atatu.
3 (6) Pamaso pa maxillary.
4 (5) Pa mbale yotsekemera ya mano awiri oyandikana (mkuyu. 57, 1) - zolemba nyali zam'nyanja.
6 (3) Pa mbale ya maxillary pali mano atatu - 2 mbali ndi 1 yayikulu, yopanga bwino, pakati (mkuyu. 57, 3) - genus Trekhzubyeminogi.
1 nyanja nyali, 2 - Caspian lamprey, 4 nyali magetsi, 5- Pacific lamprey, 6- Siberian lamprey, a_mandibular mbale, b -mandibular mbale, c - ofananira nawo pakati malaya, g- otsika labial mano
Rod Lamprey - Petromyzon. Mbale wabwino kwambiri ndi waufupi, wofanana ndi mano awiri ophatikizika. Mbale ya mandibular imakhala ndi mano 7-8. Mano a labial ndi ambiri (mkuyu. 51, 1). Ndodo imaphatikizapo mawonedwe amodzi.
Seahorn - P.marinus Linne, 1758. Imafikira kutalika kwa mita 1 (onani mkuyu. 56, 2). Parasitates pa nsomba, kudya magazi ndi nyama. Kugawidwa kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean.
Pa gombe la Europe kumpoto kumafika kumpoto kwa Norway, kumwera mpaka Nyanja ya Adriatic, pagombe la America - kuchokera ku South Greenland mpaka ku Florida [21, 27, 31, 37].
M'madzi adziko lathu, samapezeka kawiri-kawiri.
Ndodo za Cas Casanan nyali - Caspiomyzon. Mbale wozizira ndi waufupi, ali ndi dzino limodzi. Mandibular mbale ya mano 5.
Caspian aminopoda - C. wagneri (Kessler, 1870). Amapanga mitundu iwiri: yayikulu - 37-55 cm kutalika ndi yaying'ono - 19-30 cm. Imadyera ma invertebrates, detritus, algae. Adagawidwa mu beseni la Nyanja ya Caspian.
Rod Minogi - Lampetra. Mbale wabwino kwambiri ndi wokulirapo, ndipo mano awiri ali pambali.
Tebulo lotanthauzira la mitundu yayikulu yazoyimira nyali
1 (4) Mano ofanana ndi mano atatu apakati, otsika komanso olembetsera mano kulibe.
3 (2) Mano ndi osalongosoka. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 16 cm - brook wallrey European.
4 (1) Mano oteteza pakatikati ndi abwino. Pali mano otsika - Pacific aminopus.
Mtsinje aminopoda - L.fluviatilis (Linne, 1758). Mano a mkati olemekezeka a mkati ndi patatu. Mano otsika ndi akunja ofanana ndi mano kulibe. Mwa anthu osakhwima, mano ndi akuthwa (onani mkuyu. 56, 57).
Amapanga mitundu iwiri: yayikulu (kutalika kwakutalika 31-34 cm) ndi yaying'ono (pafupifupi kutalika 22-23 cm). Mitengo yayitali ndi 40.5cm. Amakhala ndi moyo wodutsa. Kodi parasitize pa nsomba.
European ana a ana am'miyendo - L.planeri (Bloch, 1784). Amasiyana ndi magetsi am'mtsinje wokhala ndi mano osalala komanso kukula kwake kocheperako: kutalika kwa anthu akuluakulu kuli mpaka masentimita 16. Iyi ndi nsomba yamadzi atsopano. Akuluakulu samadyetsa. Amapezeka m'malo omwe mumtsinje momwe mumapezeka mitsinje. Ku USSR, m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi m'mitsinje ya Nyanja ya Baltic ndi Volga yapamwamba.
Pacific, Arctic Sea lamprey - L. japonica (Martens, 1868) . Mano amkatikati owumba a mbali ziwiri. Palibe mano akunja olembetsera. Mano a m'munsi a m'milomo ali ngati mawonekedwe ometera mzere umodzi wamano ang'ono.
Mchina. Mitundu yosakanikirana ndi malo okhala
Sikuti cholengedwa chilichonse padziko lapansi chimatchedwa "chonyansa kwambiri." Kuphatikizika kwa invertebrate kumakhalanso ndi maina ena osadziwika: "eel-slug", "worm sea" ndi "nsomba zamatsenga". Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa kuti kodi munthu wokhala pamadzi amapeza zochuluka motani.
Mukayang'ana chithunzi cha mixin, simudzadziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti: nyongolotsi yayikulu, nkhono yayitali popanda chipolopolo, kapena mtundu wamtundu wa nsomba. Chosawoneka bwino kwambiri chirombo cham'nyanja ichi.
Komabe, asayansi asankha kale. Ananyamula chosakanikacho polumikizira pakati pa nyongolotsi ndi nsomba. Cholengedwa chachilendo ichi chimatchedwa vertebrate, ngakhale ilibe ma vertebrae. Pali mafupa okhaokha a chigaza. Gulu la mitundu yosakanikirana limakhala losavuta kudziwa, cholengedwa chimagawidwa ngati ma cyclostomes.
Nyama imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Myxins, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45-70. Nthawi zina, pitani nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, mbiri ya masentimita 127 yalembedwa.
Mphuno yopanda awiri imakongoletsa mutu. Pakamwa komanso pamphuno, tinyanga timamera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala pali a 6-8 a iwo. Tizilombo tiwotchi ndi chiwalo chanyama kwa nyama, mosiyana ndi maso, omwe mu myxines amakodzana ndi khungu. Mphepete mwa anthu okhala pansi pamadzi sakupanga.
Pakamwa pa myxin, mosiyana ndi nyama zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri, limatseguka mozungulira. Mkamwa mumatha kuwona mizere iwiri ya mano ndi dzino limodzi losavomerezeka m'mlengalenga.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi samatha kudziwa momwe myxin amapumira. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti kudzera pamphuno imodzi. Chiwalo chawo chopumira ndimagalasi, omwe amakhala ndi mbale zingapo za cartilaginous.
Mtundu wa "chilombo cham'nyanja" umatengera malo, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza mitundu iyi:
Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo omwe amabisa ntchofu. Zimapezeka makamaka m'mphepete mwa thupi la "nsomba zamatsenga". Ichi ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri kwa ma myxins onse, chimathandiza kusaka nyama zina komanso kusakhala zodyera.
Kapangidwe ka myxin kamapangidwanso chidwi. Wokhala pansi pamadzi ali ndi ubongo ziwiri ndi mitima inayi. Ziwalo zitatu zowonjezera zikupezeka m'mutu, mchira ndi chiwindi cha "chilombo cham'nyanja". Komanso, magazi amadutsa m'mitima yonse inayi. Chimodzi mwa izo chikalephera, nyamayo ikhoza kukhalabe ndi moyo.
Mu chithunzichi, kapangidwe ka mixin
Malinga ndi asayansi, pazaka mazana atatu zapitazo, chosakanikirachi sichinasinthe. Ndi mawonekedwe ake okalamba omwe amawopsa anthu, ngakhale kale anthu otere sanali achilendo.
Kodi ndingapeze kuti chosakanizira? Amapezeka, osati kutali ndi gombe:
- North America
- Europe
- Greenland
- Green Greenland.
Msodzi waku Russia angakumane naye mu Nyanja ya Barents. Atlantic mixin amakhala kumunsi kwa North Sea komanso kumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Anthu okhala pansi pamadzi amakonda kuya kwa 100-500 metres, koma nthawi zina amapezeka pamtunda woposa kilomita.
Masana, ma mixins amakonda kugona. Ndi gawo lotsika la thupi, amaikidwa m'manda, ndipo amangosiyidwa ndi mutu. Usiku, mphutsi zam'nyanja zimasaka.
Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndizovuta kuyitanitsa kusaka kwathunthu. "Nsomba za mfiti" nthawi zambiri zimangogwira nsomba zodwala komanso zopanda mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, pa iwo omwe akhala ndi ndodo kapena maukonde asodzi.
Ngati wozunzidwayo akhoza kukana, "chilombo cham'nyanja" chimavutitsa. Kukwera pansi pa mapiritsi, myxinum sekisheni ntchofu. Zipilalazo zimasiya kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi ndipo wolakwiridwayo amafa chifukwa chokwanira.
Ma melon amatha kutulutsa ndowa pafupifupi mphindi imodzi
Zosakaniza zokha sizimakonda kukhala mu ntchofu wawo, kotero pambuyo pa kuukiridwa, amayesetsa kuti athetse msanga momwe angathere ndipo amapindika kukhala mfundo. Mwinanso chifukwa chake, chisinthiko sichidalipira anthu okhala m'madzi pamiyeso.
Posachedwa, asayansi azindikira kuti myxin mucus angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mankhwala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ili ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amathandizira kuti magazi asatuluke. Mwinanso m'tsogolomu, mankhwala atha kupangidwa kuchokera ku ntchofu.