Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Giredi: | Nsomba za Rayfin |
Gulu: | Perch |
Dongosolo: | Wokhala ndi milomo |
Banja: | Cichlids |
Jenda: | Astronotus |
Onani: | Ocular Astronotus |
(Agassiz, 1831)
Acara compressusCope, 1872
Acara hypostictaCope, 1878
Acara ocellatus
Astronotus ocellatus zebraPellegrin, 1904
Astronotus orbiculatusHaseman, 1911
Cychla rubroocellataJardine & Schomburgk, 1843
Maoboti ocellatusAgassiz, 1831
Ocular Astronotus (Astronotus ocellatus) - nsomba yayikulu yamadzi am'banja la Cichlidae, lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ndi dzina loti Astronotus. Akatswiri a nyenyezi aellellotus amakhala kum'mawa kwa Venezuela, Guiana, chigwa cha Amazon, mitsinje: Rio Negro, Parana, Paraguay.
Mawonekedwe
Kukula pansi pa chilengedwe kumakhala mpaka masentimita 35, ndipo pansi pa malo am'madzi mpaka 20-25 cm. Thupi la nsomba ndi chowulungika, chothinikizidwa pambuyo pake, ziphuphu ndizokulirapo, pang'ono pang'ono. Mutu ndi maso ngakulu, nsombazo zimakhala ndi mphumi wawukulu wakutsogolo. Mtunduwo sufanana - maziko ake ndi kuyambira pakubala mpaka wakuda, pomwe amawoneka mabala amtundu wachikaso, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malire akuda. Pansi pa mtengo wopondera pamalopo pali malo ena akuda omwe amakhala ndi mzere wa lalanje wofanana ndi diso lalikulu. Mwinanso ndi chifukwa chake pano pomwe akatswiri zaku zakutsogolo adadziwika ndi dzina lake ocellatus, yomwe imatha kumasulira kuchokera ku Latin kuti "ocular". Wamphongo ndi utoto wambiri.
Palinso mtundu wa albino wochita kupanga ndipo wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa am'madzi umakhala wofiyira ndi ziphuphu zoyera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "red oscar". Ma zakuthambo achichepere amawoneka pang'ono ngati makolo awo, koma ndi okongola kwambiri - akuda okhala ndi madontho oyera ndi asterisks paliponse matupi awo. Kusiyana kwazisomba mu nsomba kulibe, kwamuna kumatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lonse komanso mtundu wowala, koma kuthekera kwa cholakwika ndikokwera kwambiri, ndizotheka kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi nthawi yokhayo malinga ndi ovipositor yemwe amawoneka mwa mkazi.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Zitha kusungidwa pamodzi ndi nsomba pafupi kukula, koma kokha mu lalikulu aquarium (osachepera 80 cm). Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopangidwa ndi mchenga kapena miyala yoyera, ndi miyala yayikulu. Chakudya - chokhala (mphutsi, ziwala, ma tadpoles), nyama, chakudya chowuma. Zomera sizingoyendayenda komanso zoyandama. Kutentha kwamadzi 22-26 ° C, dH mpaka 25 °, pH 6.5-7.5. Kuthandiza bwino, kusefedwa, ndi kusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse kumafunika. Nsomba yokhala ndi moyo yoposa zaka 10.
Astronotus ocellatus, yotchedwanso Oscar, diso la pikoko kapena njati yamadzi, imakhala ngati chiweto chomata. Ndiwofatsa, osawopa kukwapulidwa, amathanso kuluma, nasiya mabala amwazi ndi mano ang'onoang'ono. Izi ndi nsomba zotchuka kwambiri ku Thailand, komwe zimawetedwa kunyumba, kuntchito komanso ngakhale mu akachisi. Pafupifupi famu yayikulu iliyonse padziko lapansi imabzala ma nyenyezi. Mwachidziwikire, nsomba zonse zimadalira mitundu yofiira yomwe imatchedwa Red Oscar.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ocular Astronotus
Wolemba nyenyezi wozungulira amene adafotokozedwa anali a Jean-Louis Agassis mu 1831, adalandira dzinali mu Latin Astronotus ocellatus. Imodzi mwa mitundu ya mitundu ya zakuthambo ya banja la acichlid (ndiyonso ma cichlid). Zomwe zimapezeka koyambirira kwa nsomba zotsalira kuchokera kubanja lino kuchokera nthawi ya Eocene ndipo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 45. Koma amakhala pamakondomu osiyanasiyana: ku America konse, Africa, Asia, ndipo izi zidafunsa asayansi funso lofunika: kodi omwe amakhala m'madzi opanda nsomba amatha bwanji kuthana ndi pakati pawo? Kwa nthawi yayitali chidziwitso sichimapezeka.
Kodi cosular astronotus amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Fish ophthalmic astronotus
Mwachilengedwe, oimira zamtunduwu amatha kupezeka ku South America, mitundu yawo ndi yotakata ndipo imaphatikizapo:
Chifukwa chake, theka la dziko lonselo, kapena kupitirira apo, limalowa mumitundu ya nsomba. Amamva bwino m'mphepete mwa mitsinje monga Orinoco, Amazon, Rio Negro ndi Parana. Nsombazi sizimva bwino m'malo awo okha, zimathandizika mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, idabweretsedwa ku USA, Australia ndi China, ndipo m'maiko onsewa idakula ndikufalitsa bwino zachilengedwe, mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'deralo ngakhale imavutika nayo. Imagawidwanso muukapolo, chifukwa chomwe ma zakuthambo amasungidwa m'malo am'madzi padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'mitsinje, koma imapezekanso munyanja ndi ngalande. Amakonza malo okhala ndi mchenga kapena silty pansi. Amakonda madzi amdima: ku South America, m'malo awo, ndi oyera komanso ofewa, amtundu wakuda, ndipo akaonedwa kuchokera kumtunda akuwoneka kuti akuda.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ntchito za zakuthambo zitha kuzizwa mwadzidzidzi - osayesa zolimba kwambiri ndikupanga kapangidwe kamkati mwazithunzithunzi momwe nsomba zimadzakhalira, chifukwa zidzatembenuza chilichonse mozondoka. Zodzikongoletsera, ngati mumasankha, ndizazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosavuta kuzisuntha.
Zomera zimakhalanso ndi zovuta: zakuthambo zimadya ndikazisankha, kapena kukumba, kuti sizikhala motalika. Ndikofunika kunyamula zida zolimba ndikuyesera kuphimba.
Aquarium mavidiyo a zakuthambo
Ngati mukufuna kukonza zakuthambo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti amakonda malo. Chifukwa chake, kuti athe kukhala kunyumba kunali bwino, ndiye kuti malita 400 ayenera kugwera pamtunda umodzi. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zochuluka zimakhala, zochulukirapo zimafunikira.
Makamaka chochititsa chidwi ndi kutentha kwa madzi, omwe ayenera kukhala otentha. Kwa nyenyezi zakuthambo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge kutentha kwa boma kuyambira +23 mpaka +28 degrees. Poterepa, madzi a acidity amatha mpaka 7, kuchuluka kwa kuuma kumatha kusintha kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 20.
Kodi cosular astronotus amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Astronotus wakhungu
Mukasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi, amapatsidwa chakudya chokwanira, mwachitsanzo:
Ngakhale amadya zolengedwa zina zazing'ono zomwe zimaperekedwa ku nsomba za ku aquarium, kudyetsa zakuthambo sizivuta chifukwa cha kukula kwawo ndi chilakolako cha chakudya, ndipo ngakhale ziwala nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa chakudya chamoyo, chimapatsidwanso chouma, nthawi zambiri m'miyala. Chakudyacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera, chimapangidwira ma cichlids akuluakulu. Koma simuyenera kungodutsa nazo chifukwa, madziwo amadetsedwa ndipo mabakiteriya amayamba kuchuluka.
Ndi chisangalalo iwo amadya zazingwe za nsomba zam'nyanja kapena tinsomba tating'ono, shrimp ndi nyama zosenda, ndi mitundu ina m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Choyambirira ndicho nyama ya nyama zam'madzi, mutha kuperekanso mtima wa ng'ombe ndi chiwindi - koposa zonse, musachite izi nthawi zambiri. Kuti muchite bwino, mutha kupotoza zomwe zalembedwera pa grinder ya nyama ndikusakaniza.
Nyama yophikidwayo imangofunika kuzizirira m'minyewa, kenako ndikusungunuka ngati pakufunika ndikupereka kwa akatswiri zakuthambo. Koma ndikwabwino kuti musawadyetse ndi nsomba zamtsinje, popeza chiwopsezo ndichokwera kuti angatenge kachiromboka. Ma Astronotus pawokha nthawi zina amatha kuthandizidwa ndi masamba a mbewu zomwe zimamera m'madzi, koma amapanga gawo laling'ono lazakudya zawo. Mutha kuwapatsa zakudya zam'mera: zukini, nkhaka, sipinachi, nandolo, letesi.
Pakudya, zimagwira chakudya mwachangu, zimatha kutenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja, pambuyo pake zimawonetsa kuti zikufuna zambiri. Koma siziyenera kuwongoleredwa nthawi zina, imodzi izikhala ndi gawo lokakamizidwa ndi nsomba yayikulu.
Amayamba kuzolowera kumwa mopitirira muyeso ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Muyenera kudyetsa ana aang'ono kawiri patsiku, ndi akulu kamodzi patsiku kapena kamodzi pa masiku awiri. Ndi kudyetsa tsiku lililonse sabata iliyonse, osachepera tsiku limodzi muyenera kudumpha kuti chimbudzi cha nsomba chimatsitsidwa (kokha kwa akulu).
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungadyetsere ocular astronotus. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimaswana nsomba zachilendo.
Nthaka ndi algae
Pazomwe zimakhala ndi ma cichlids, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha dothi laling'ono lokwanira, chifukwa nsomba zimakonda kukumba pansi pa aquarium, kusamutsa zinthu zokongoletsa. Pankhaniyi, sipayenera kukhala ngodya zakuthwa, zakuthambo zimatha kuvulala. Zomera zimayenera kutayidwa, chifukwa ma cichlids adzayamba kuwang'amba, kuchotsa masamba, mizu idawonongeka. Nthaka yayikulu yopanda m'mphepete lakuthwa ndi ma snags ndi yabwino kwa iwo.
Momwe mungadyetsere zakuthambo
Kudyetsa zakuthambo kumasiyana. Popeza ma cichlids ndi omwe amadyera kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungadyetsere zakuthambo. Zakudyazi ziyenera kuphatikizapo: nsomba zochepa zokhala ndi moyo, nyongolotsi, crustaceans, shrimp. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa zakuthambo ndi zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo komanso chomera - sipinachi, zipatso, nandolo zobiriwira.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Ocular astronotus kunyumba
Mukasunga ma astronotuse m'madzi am'madzi, zovuta zazikulu zimaphatikizidwa ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium yayikulu: voliyumu yocheperako ndi malita 100, izi ndi zokwanira nsomba ziwiri zokha. Ndipo ndikofunikira kukhala ndi aquarium yama voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri, malita 300-500, ndiye kuti mwina angathe kuyambitsa nsomba zina momwemo.
Ma astronotuse ang'onoang'ono amawoneka amtendere, koma ndikofunikira kuti tisapusitsidwe ndi izi! Amakula mwachangu ndikusandutsanso nyama zolusa, chifukwa sizingachitike kuti muziyika pamodzi ndi nsomba zina mu aquarium yaying'ono, chifukwa posachedwa nkhondo yeniyeni imayamba. Ngati mungasunge zakuthambo ndi nsomba zina, ndiye ndikofunikira kuwapatsa malo - sayenera kuchuluka, chifukwa mwina ayamba kumenya nkhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, oyandikana nawo akuyenera kukhala okulirapo: nsomba ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa astronotus zimayendetsa mopanda chisoni ndipo zitha kubweretsa kukhumudwa.
Zochepa kwambiri zimadyedwa kwathunthu. Ma cichlids ena, ma arovan, nsomba zamatcheni ndi nsomba zofanana, zazikulu komanso zamtendere, ndi abwino monga oyandikana nawo. Afunika kukhazikitsidwanso akadali aang'ono kwambiri, ngati ali kale paubwenzi, adzakhala ndi mwayi wocheza. Amakhala mosiyanasiyana ndi anthu: ena amalolera kuti akhudzidwe, pomwe ena amaluma, ndipo zimapweteka kwambiri - amasiya zikande. Ma Astronotuse sachita manyazi ndipo nthawi zambiri samabisala kwa anthu. Eni ake amatha kuzindikira ndikuyankha ku mawu awo, amalole akuvutika.
Nthaka mu aquarium, astronotus imafunika miyala kapena miyala yamchenga, ndikofunikira kuti mumayikidwe miyala. Zimafunika chifukwa nsombazi zimakonda kukumba pansi ndipo zimatha kuchita izi kwa maola ambiri, zimangoyambitsa china chake pamenepo. Koma kutola miyala ndikofunikira kuti iwo asakhale ndi ngodya zakuthwa, mwinanso nsomba imatha kuvulala. Amafunikanso mbewu zoyandama komanso zovuta kuyenda, popanda iwo, nsomba zimamva kukhala zopanda nkhawa mu aquarium. Pansi pake, ndikofunikira kumangapo malo okhala ndi miyala ndi nthambi, kuti nsombazo zibisike momwe zingafunire, motero sizikhala ndi nkhawa zochepa.
Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti sakonda madzi ofunda kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhalabe limodzi ndi mitundu ina. Ndizofunikira kuti kutentha kwake ndi 22-24 ° C. Kusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse, kusefedwa ndi kuthandizira kumafunikira. Izi nsomba zimakhala bwino mpaka zaka 10, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zazitali.
Chochititsa chidwi: Kupanga utoto wa micronotus, pang'ono tsabola wa belu uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya chawo kamodzi pa sabata kapena awiri.
Tiger Astronotus
Tiger astronotus imakhala ndi mtundu wa maolivi wa imvi. Thupi limatha kukhala lalanje kapena masiketi ofiira ofiira. Dzinali lidaperekedwa chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yomwe ilipo yofanana ndi mtundu wa tiger. Pa mchira pali njira yachilendo yotchedwa diso.
Albino
White astronotus nthawi zambiri amatchedwa albino. Zovala za albino zilibe mitundu, kupatula kufiyira. Pa thupi loyera, mutha kupha mabulangete ndi madontho a matupi ofiira. Ma astronotuse oyera ndi omvera kwambiri pakuwala, chifukwa chake iyenera kumwazika.
Chophimba Astronotus
Chowoneka mosiyana ndi chinsalu chotchinga chachikulu ndi zipsepse zosalala. Mtundu wa chophimba ukhoza kukhala chilichonse. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika nsomba izi padera, chifukwa zimatha kuluma mosavuta ziphuphu zokongola zilizonse.
Chochepera
Mosiyana ndi zakuthambo zina, ili ndi thupi laling'ono. Pansi pazachilengedwe, imakula mpaka ma 25 cm. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kumakhala mu utoto - mikwingwirima yosiyanitsa kwambiri imapezeka thupi lonse m'malo olunjika.
Kufiyira
Masamba ofiira a Astronotus amasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wakuda wa thupi ndi malo owoneka ofiira. Mtunduwu ulibe maso mchira, womwe umapezeka mumitundu ina yonse. Red astronotus yowonetsedwa bwino ndi obereketsa. Pofuna kubereketsa, tinasankha makamaka omwe ali ndi mtundu wofiirira wokwanira wokwanira.
Lutino
Nthawi zambiri, ma lutinos amasokonezeka ndi ma albinos, ngakhale atakhala kuti mtundu woyamba uli ndi utoto wakuda - maonekedwe m'thupi lonse, maso nawonso amakhala akuda. Pali ma tiger lutino ndi astronotus ofiira, kusiyana kwawo kulinso mu mtundu wa maso.
Ndimu yadzuwa
Anzeru amtunduwu amatha kukhala a albino kapena lutino. Thupi limakhala lowala bwino. Pali matumba omwe amatuluka, kupsinjika ndi mikwingwirima ya chikaso chokwanira. Monga momwe mumadziwira, amatenga mbali yayikulu ya thupi la zakuthambo.
Golide wa Astronotus
Ndikokwanira kumva dzina la mtundu uwu wa zakuthambo, monga nsomba yaku aquarium yokhala ndimtundu wopatsidwa mawonekedwe imawonekera. Mthunzi waukulu wa thupi ndi loyera kapena lakuda, mutha kuwona kufunafuna golide kapena chikasu. Pulogalamuyo imatha kutengera mikwingwirima.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Ngati tilingalira za ndani omwe ma astronotuse amatha kuyanjana, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti amadana ndi nsomba zina. Chinyama cholusa cha Aquarium chiwononga nsomba zonse zing'onozing'ono, kuzitenga ngati chakudya. Popeza mtunduwu sutha kuyanjana ndi nsomba zina, ndikofunikira kuti zizisungidwa padera. Arvans, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimatha kukhala oyandikana nawo.
Kuswana kwa astronotus
Ngati mukufuna kubereketsa zakuthambo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi amodzimodzi ndipo amafunika kukhalapo kwa anthu angapo - 8-10, kotero kuti amagawika awiriawiri. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 1.5. Nsomba za Aquarium, zokonzeka kutapira, zimawonetsa kukwiya kwambiri, zimapeza mtundu wowala.
Astronotus ikulowera mu aquarium
Kuswana kwa ma astronotuse kumachitika m'madzi ofunda, miyala yosalala imayikidwa mu aquarium, pomwe nsomba imayikira mazira. Kutulutsa kwa Astronotus kumayamba ndi masewera a mating. Wamphongo amasamalira chachikazi, izi zimakhala mpaka mwezi umodzi. Astronotus mwachangu azisambira tsiku lachinayi. Fryoyi ikakula mpaka 1 cm, imabzalidwe.
Kusankhidwa ndi kupeza kwa zakuthambo
Ngati mukufunitsitsa kusamalira, kapena mwina kuswana zakuthambo. Kapena kungowona nsomba zosangalatsa izi, muulemerero wake wonse, ndikuwona momwe amagwirira ntchito pakati pa ofanana - ndiye yambitsani zosachepera 8-10. Ndikofunika kupeza ana ang'onoang'ono mpaka 5-6 masentimita. Kugula zitsanzo zing'onozing'ono kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza nsomba "zowonjezera" ndikuchepetsa mwayi wopambana ndikuchira ngati pakufunika kuthandizidwa.
Kusankha zakuthambo samalani ndi matupi awo. Sayenera kukhala ndi mimba zam'madzi, zotupa ndi maso opupuluma. Mwa kupeza zakuthambo mitundu yobereka, samalani mwapadera mawonekedwe a mutu ndi nsagwada, kuphwanya malamulo m'malo awa ndi kofala kwambiri.
Astronotus ocellatus, wamkulu
Musasankhe nsomba zofanana, chifukwa panthawiyi pamakhala mwayi wopeza nsomba zamtundu womwewo.
Pokhudzana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, nsomba zomwe zimapezeka zimayenera kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali.Chifukwa chaichi, malo okwana 100 litre ndi abwino.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kuyenera kukhala miyezi iwiri.
Kwa okwatirana zakuthambo mukusowa ma aquarium osachepera 200 malita, ndipo kuti mukhale ndi kagulu kakang'ono mufunikira tanki yokulirapo.
Astronotus atha kudziwidwa ndi ma cichlid omwe amayesetsa nthawi zonse kuti athandize padziko lapansi lozungulira. Ntchito zapansi panthaka ndizomwe amakonda kwambiri; ngati pali mbewu zokhala m'madzi, posachedwa azimbidwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa zakuthambo ndizofala kukonza zokonzanso malo am'madzi nthawi ndi nthawi, kotero m'malo mwake miyala yolemetsa imatha kusunthidwa kuchokera mbali ina ya aquarium kupita ku ina.
Zambiri zakuthambo Malo okhala opanda dothi ndi oyenera, ndikosavuta kuti pakhale ukhondo. Ngati dothi likufunikirabe, miyala yoyera imalimbikitsidwa. Miyala yayikulu imayikidwa mwachindunji pansi pamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhono kapena nthambi ngati zokongoletsera kumabweretsa chilengedwe m'madzimo pafupi ndi chilengedwe.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yamiyendo yolimba ndi mizu yamphamvu, yodzalidwa mumipanda yosiyana. Zabwinonso, gwiritsani ntchito pulasitiki zomera.
Kuunikira mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala kumdima, chifukwa chake nsomba imakhala bata.
Kusankha kwa mafayilo mwina ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popangira zida zam'madzi zokonzera zakuthambo.
Popeza zakuthambo Ngati nsomba yayikulu imakonda chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, ndiye kuti chakudya chilichonse chimatha ndi kuipitsidwa kwamadzi, zonse zopanda chakudya komanso nsomba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito fayilo yamphamvu mosakwanira kumabweretsa kudzikundikira kwamankhwala oyipa m'madzi, omwe pamapeto pake angayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi thanzi la nsomba.
Chosankha chabwino ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera chimodzi kapena ziwiri zakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zizikhala ndi madzi okwanira 7-8 pa ola limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera zamakono zamakanema zimapereka gawo labwino la kuyeretsa kwamadzi. Ndipo pokonzanso amakhala osavuta kuposa zosefera zamkati.
Kuchotsa nitrate kuchokera biofiltration m'madzi. Pafupifupi 50% ya madzi athunthu amayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata.
Astronotus ocellatus mu aquarium wamba
Astronotus nsomba zamtundu wa thermophilic. Kutentha komwe kumakonzedweratu kumakhala pakati pa 23 ndi 28 ° C. Kupatuka ndikotheka, koma mwa njira yayikulu. Kutentha kwamadzi osakwana 20 ° C, osafunikira kwambiri, 13 ° C ndiye malire omwe m'munsi nsomba zimafa.
Pofuna kukhalabe kutentha kwambiri, chotenthetsera chomwe chimakhala ndi chiwongolero cha kutentha chimafunikira. Ndikwabwino ngati fyuluta ya canister idapangidwa kuti iziyika chotenthetsa, i.e. madzi azitenthetsera kunja kwa chinyontho. Popeza zochitika payekha zakuthambo ikhoza kuwukira chotenthetsera, chifukwa chomwe chingasweke.
Astronotus osati chinyengo madzi magawo, akumva bwino ponse pawiri acidic ndi zamchere. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa pH, kuyambira mayunitsi 6.0 mpaka 7.5, acidity yotsika ya madzi siyabwino, chifukwa mwanjira ya Oscars simapezeka madzi "akuda".
Kuuma kwamadzi kumatha kuyambira 5 mpaka 20 ° GH.
Astronotus amalephera kupezeka ndi mpweya wochepa m'madzi ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale atakhalapobe osachepera 0,4 mg / l.
Zakudya za Astronotus
Astronotus nsomba zopatsa chidwi, monga zikuwonekera ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wam'mimba mwa anthu akuthengo momwe zotsalira za nsomba zazing'ono, crustaceans, tizilombo, komanso magawo azomera zapadziko lapansi ndi zam'madzi zidapezeka. Maziko ake amakhala ndi chakudya chanyama, mbewu zimapitilira monga chakudya chachikulu.
Chakudya chachikulu mu aquarium chimatha kukhala granles kwa ma cichlids, ndikofunikira kwa chakudya chamoyo komanso kuzizira. Ma granles owuma ayenera kukhala okulirapo, popeza masamba ochepa sangadyedwe mpaka kumapeto ndipo amangowononga madzi.
Mitundu yodziwika ngati chakudya cham'mimba, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu zakudya za ana.
Zakudya zazikulu zokhala ndi moyo zimafunikira kwa anthu akuluakulu nsomba: momwe mawonekedwe a manyowa, tizilombo tambiri (crickets, ziwala), etc.wworms ayenera kusungidwa mu thanki ndi madzi kwa masiku 3-4 kuti athe kuyeretsa padziko lapansi asanagwiritse ntchito.
Ambiri mwa asitikali amadya nsomba zam'nyanja, nyama ya squid ndi shrimp, magawo a nyama yaiwisi, chiwindi ndi mtima, kuphika ndi kuziziritsa nyama yozama kuchokera kuzinthu izi.
Pali akatswiri am'madzi omwe samagwiritsa ntchito nyama zoyamwitsa ngati chakudya cha zakuthambo Poganizira kuti mafuta omwe ali munyamayi samayamwa ndi nsomba ndipo amawononga thupi lawo.
Monga chakudya cha nyama, amagwiritsa ntchito mavuvu (ma guppies, amuna malupanga) kapena ana aang'ono agolide opangidwa mwakutero.
Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zogulidwa ndi nsomba zomwe zagwidwa ndimadzi amchere ngati chakudya, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zonyamula matenda opatsirana.
Astronotus muyenera vitamini C, yemwe amapezeka muzomera. Chifukwa chake, mbewu ziyenera kupezeka mu chakudya.
Ponena za pafupipafupi kudyetsa, zotsatirazi zingalimbikitsidwe apa: ndikokwanira kudyetsa ana kawiri patsiku, achikulire amalandila chakudya kamodzi, koma zochuluka.
Kugwirizana kwa Astronot
Astronotus maonekedwe amtendere ndikasungidwa ndi nsomba zofanana. Popeza ndiwachilengedwe mwachilengedwe, nyama iliyonse yomwe ingagwere pakamwa pawo imadziwika kuti ndi chakudya.
Ngati aquarium ndi yotakata (malita oposa 1000), ndiye zakuthambo ikhoza kusungidwa ndi mitundu ina yayikulu ya nsomba.
Monga oyandikana nawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma characin akuluakulu - Metynnis, Myleus, ma cichlids ena osakhala aukali - Heros kapena Geophagus.
Koma ndibwino ngati nsomba zam'madzi ndi mitundu. Kwa khumi ndi awiri zakuthambo Aquarium ya malita 500 ndiyabwino kwambiri. Musaganize kuti iyi ndi ngalande kwambiri kwa iwo, popeza miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake, yaying'ono kumayambiriro kwa nsomba imasandutsidwa nsomba ziwiri zodabwitsa kwambiri.
Yoyenerera bwino mu aquarium ndi zakuthambo imatha kukhala othandizira. Zowoneka ndi zophatikizika, othandizira amakula kuposa kucheza ndi nsomba zina.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ochepa osavuta.
Choyamba, musakhale pansi yokulirapo zakuthambo nsomba zazing'ono.
Kachiwiri, nkhono za nthambi imodzi kapena zingapo ziyenera kukhalapo mu aquarium. Pankhaniyi, ma antiscistruses amasintha mwachangu ndikumva kukhala otetezeka kwathunthu.
Chachitatu, Antsitruse ndiye woyamba kukhazikika m'madzi, ndipo patatha masiku ochepa mutabzala Oscars. Dyetsani mwachindunji Antsistrus mukasungidwa limodzi zakuthambo sikofunikira chifukwa zakuthambo samadya mwabwino kwambiri ndipo gawo lalikulu la chakudya limatsikira pansi pamadzi.
Kugonana kwamwano
Molondola tsimikizirani jenda zakuthambo sizotheka. Muzolengedwa zachilengedwe, amuna amakhala akulu pang'ono kuposa zazikazi komanso zowala kwambiri; amalozera ndi ziphuphu zazitali ndi zazitali.
M'malo ojambula pamadzi ammadzi, maumbulowa nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosintha.
Mawonekedwe zakuthambo, zimatengera zinthu monga: chakudya, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu aquarium, momwe mungakhalire chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro.
Mwachitsanzo, zakuthamboyomwe ili mu aquarium ya malita 1300 ndi yayikulupo kuposa masentimita 600 a malita.
Mosasamala kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi, nsomba zimayamba kuyikira mazira pazaka 18, zikufika kukula kwa masentimita 12. Panthawi imeneyi, ndizotheka kunena kuti pali amuna ndi akazi.
Kubwezeretsanso zakuthambo
Chovuta chachikulu cha kubereka zakuthambo zogwirizana ndi kusankha mabanja. Ngati awiriwo akula, ndiye kuti kuswana ma Oscars sikudzakhala kovuta.
Kudulira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo mokwanira. Miyala yolimba kapena zinthu zina zokhala ndi lathyathyathya zimayikidwa mkati.
Astronotus ocellatus - awiri
Kuchulukitsa kutentha ndi madigiri angapo ndikusintha gawo lamadzi ndikuchepetsa kumalimbikitsa kugonana. Yaimuna imayamba kusamalira yaikazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakonzekereratu malo owonongera. Pakadali pano, wamkazi amakhala ndi ovipositor wowoneka bwino, ndipo wamphongo amakhala ndi vuto lochepera la vas. Mtundu wa nsomba umakhala wowala.
Caviar imayikidwa pamwala wosalala, kapena mwachindunji pagalasi pansi pa aquarium. Opanga amatha kuikira mazira 2000 nthawi imodzi, koma m'malo am'madzi, sipamakhala mazira oposa 400. Dzira, lomwe limakhala loyera, limakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1.5 mm. Komanso, caviar amapeza mtundu wotereyi mkati mwamaola 24 oyambira.
Ndikofunikira kusamalira aquarium yomwe ikukula patsogolo. Ngati cholinga cha kuswana zakuthambo Ndikupeza kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mwachangu, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamutsira mazirawo pamodzi ndi gawo loyambira ndi losiyidwa ndi matope osungiramo madzi odzaza ndi madzi akumwa.
Kupanda kutero, pali zochitika ziwirizi: mwina caviar idyedwa kwathunthu patsiku lachiwiri, ndipo ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti kukwera munthu wamkulu kumapangitsa kuti awiri kapena atatu azitsala.
Astronotus ocellatus Malek
Chifukwa chake, ngati caviar isamutsidwira kumalo ena osungirako zinyalala, atomizer ya mpweya iyenera kuyikidwira pamwamba pake kuti ipange madzi ofooka, pomwe mabatani amlengalenga sayenera kukumana ndi mazira.
Ndikofunika kuti tiwonjezere buluu wa methylene m'madzi kuti madzi ape. Pamatenthedwe a madzi pafupifupi 30 ° C, mphutsi zimawonekera kwa masiku 3-4, zimasonkhana m'miyala pansi pa pansi pa aquarium. Pakadali pano, gawo lapansi liyenera kuchotsedwa mu depositor ndi caviar yotsalira yosasanjidwa ndi iyo ndipo fayilo iyenera kuyikiridwa kuti ichotse madzi.
Pakatha sabata ina, mwachangu wopangayo amayamba kufalikira pamwamba pa madzi am'madzi. Zakudya zoyambira ndi Artemia nauplii, patatha sabata imodzi mutha kuwonjezera tetramine ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono pa zakudya zawo.
Pakatha milungu ingapo, amatha kupatsidwa kale kachilombo ka magazi ndi coronet. Mwachangu zakuthambo Ikula msanga ndipo pofika msinkhu wa mwezi umodzi kukula akufika masentimita atatu.
Astronotus amatha kupezeka mpaka ma 10 nthawi zingapo, ndikudikirana kwa masabata 3-4, pambuyo pake amafunika kupuma kwa miyezi 2-3 (nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo).
Habitat
South America ili ponseponse kudera la Amazon ndipo adalembetsa ku Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay ndi Argentina. Kudutsa konseku, amapezeka m'mitsinje yambiri, kuphatikizapo Ukayali, Solimyans, Amazon, Negro, Madeira, Tapajos, Tokantins, Orinoco, Apruage ndi Oyapok. Kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire kulinso m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza Singapore ndi United States.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi osaya m'madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena osasunthika m'malo a nkhalango. Malo okhala nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi okutidwa ndi mizu yamitengo yambiri kapena pansi pa chomera cham'mera.
Nsomba zakutchire nthawi zina zimapezeka pamalonda, koma zochuluka zomwe zimagulitsidwa zimachokera kwa alimi a nsomba ogulitsa.
Kufotokozera
Thupi lama ozungulira limakhala lokwera pang'ono ndikuyang'aniridwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali. Zipsepse ndi zazikulu. Mutu ndi wamkulu, mzere wakutsogolo ndi wotukukira.
Maso ndi pakamwa komaliza zilinso zazikulu. Dorsal fin, monga anal fin, imagwirizanitsa ndi mchira, ndikupanga mtundu wa "fan".
Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndimtundu wamkuwa wamtundu umodzi wakuda. Mbiri yayikulu imatha kukhala yakuda, imvi kapena yofiirira, mawanga ndi maonekedwe osasiyanapo. Pansi pa mchira, pali malo akuda okhala ndi mphonje wachikasu wofiirira yemwe amafanana ndi diso.
Aquarium
Nsombazo ndi zazikulu motero kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi payekha payenera kukhala okwanira malita 100.
Kuchokera pamalo owoneka bwino miyala ikuluikulu yozungulira, yoterera. Mwa mbewu, mitundu yokha yomwe ili ndi masamba olimba: lalikulu echinodorus, painbitis, anubias, Thai fern. Zomera zoyambira pang'onopang'ono ndizovomerezeka.
Ma Pisces amadziwika ndi mantha pomwe amathamangira mozungulira kuzungulira kumadzi. Chifukwa chake, chizikhala ndi chivindikiro chotseka mosamala, ndipo zida zamkati ziyenera kukhazikika.
Magawo Amadzi:
Kutentha: 22 - 30 ° C,
pH: 6.0 - 7.5,
Kuuma: 5 mpaka 20 ° DH.
Kusintha kumafunikira mitundu iwiri - zachilengedwe komanso zamakina, aeration a Power, komanso kusintha kwachitatu kwamadzi sabata iliyonse.
Amtendere, koma amatenga tinsomba tating'onoting'ono kuti tidye, motero muyenera kuyang'anira payekhapayekha anthu asanu ndi limodzi, kapena kusankha mitundu yayikulu mwa oyandikana nawo: ma cichlases akuluakulu, chain catfish, ndi cichlids.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zimatenga nsomba zam'nyanja, mtima wamphongo, tizilombo, mphutsi zawo, nyongolotsi, ziwala, mphutsi za chinjoka, nyongolotsi zazikulu zamagazi, shrimp, tadpoles. Mutha kudyetsa ndi chakudya chouma, koma okhawo omwe mapuloteni ambiri.
Izi nsomba zimakonda kudya, motero zimafunikira tsiku la "kudya" mwachangu. Nsomba zamtsinje uliwonse zomwe zingayambitse matenda zimapindika.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Palibe kusiyana kowoneka bwino pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Amuna ali ndi utoto kwambiri, koma ndizosatheka kudziwa kugonana kwa nsomba izi.
Pangoyambira pokha nthawi yomwe akazi amatulutsa ndi pomwe azimayi amasiyana.
Amatha kuswana, mpaka zaka 2 ndi kukula kwa 12 cm.
Kodi ndi nsomba zamtundu wanji?
Habitat Astronotus
Astronotus - nsomba yayikulu komanso yokongola - idafotokozedwa koyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi akatswiri ofufuza ku South America. Pakatikati pa zaka zana zapitazo izi zisanachitike, nsomba izi zinafika ku Europe, pomwe nthawi yomweyo zinayamba kuswana m'madzi akuluakulu.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, akatswiri a zakuthambo amakhala ku Amazon. Dziko lakwawo ndi Rio Negro, Rio Paraguay, Parana ndi misonkho, etc. Mwa anthu am'deralo, zakuthambo zimatengedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kuwedza: zimagwidwa, kenako nkuziwuma kapena kusuta. Malinga ndi zokonda zake, kukoma kwa nyenyezi ndi kodabwitsa!
Popita nthawi, zakuthambo adalembedwa ku Australia, China komanso ku United States (ku Florida kotentha). Pamenepo, nsombayo inazika m'madzi otseguka ndikuyamba kupatula ichthyofauna ya komweko. Chifukwa chake, m'malo awa, nyenyezi yotchedwa astronotus imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zodetsa nkhawa, monga nsomba zathu za dzuwa.
Oimira mtundu wamtunduwu ali ndi ductility yabwino, chifukwa chake amatha kusintha pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Ma Astronotuse amakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu komanso m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono, ngalande, ngakhale maiwe - ngati sichidafota chilimwe chokha.
Astronotus mu aquarium
Mulingo woyenera
Ma astronotuse achichepere m'misika yazaka ndi msika wa mbalame nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa kuchuluka kwa masentimita 3-4. Izi zisakusocheretseni: nsomba zimakula mwachangu, chifukwa chake, kuti zitukule kwathunthu, zimafunikira malita osachepera 300-400.
Koma ndi magawo ena am'madzi, zovuta zapadera siziyenera kubwera:
- Kutentha kwenikweni kumayambira pa 22 mpaka 27 ° C.
- pH ndiyambira pa 6.5 mpaka 7.5.
- Kuuma - mpaka 23 °.
- M'malo sabata iliyonse - kuchokera 20% ya voliyumu.
- Kukalamba ndi kusefera ndizovomerezeka.
Mukamayeretsa aquarium mlungu uliwonse, muyenera kutulutsa dothi bwino, chifukwa zinthu zakuthambo zimatulutsa zinyalala zambiri. Ndikofunikanso kukonza zida zonse kukhala zodalirika momwe zingathere: nsomba izi ndi zamphamvu, chifukwa chake "zimatha" kukonzanso "fyuluta kuchokera m'malo kupita kwina pafupi popanda zovuta.
Astronotus ndi cichlid yogwira ntchito yomwe imakumba nthaka nthawi zonse ndikusuntha ngakhale miyala ikuluikulu. Kubzala mbewu mu malo okhala ndi nyenyezi ndi zopanda ntchito: nsomba zimazikumba kapena kuzidya mpaka mizu, ndipo zimakukula mizu mulimonse!
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nyenyezi yoyendera nyenyezi ndi ya gulu la nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kudya zakudya zam'mera komanso zamadzi am'madzi, komanso nsomba zazing'ono.Sitingakhale okhoza kupereka chakudya chokwanira m'madzi mu aquarium ku astronotus, chifukwa chake ndibwino kupanga zakudya zoyenera.
- Maziko azakudya ayenera kukhala nyama. Izi zikuphatikiza magazi, nthomba, Corpetra, shrimp, brfish, nyama yophika, ndi zina zambiri. Mutha kupatsa onse chakudya komanso chisanu.
- Monga chakudya, fumbi, ziwala, ma tadpoles, ndi zina zotere zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zina zakuthambo amazidyetsa nsomba zochepa zomwe zimakanidwa - ma guppies kapena molinesias, koma pamenepa muyenera kutsimikizira kwathunthu za thanzi la "chakudya".
- Gawo lamasamba lazakudya liyenera kuphatikizapo masamba a nettle ndi masamba (kabichi, dzungu, zukini). Maukonde onse ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kumizidwa ndi madzi otentha musanayikidwe mu Aquarium.
- Zakudya zama granular ndi ma flakes amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma carotene flake muzakudya kumapangitsa kuti maonekedwe a nyenyezi a nyenyezi awonongeke.
Mukamadyetsa zakuthambo ndikofunika kuwona mosamala - nsomba zimadya mwadyera, chifukwa chake chiwopsezo chokhala mochulukira ndizambiri. Ma astronotuse ochulukirapo amakhala osagwira, amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda osiyanasiyana.
Akatswiri ena am'madzi amadya zakuthambo m'manja mwawo. Asodzi a nsomba amatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa mwini wake, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa: nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chalumidwa ndi chala! Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Ziribe kanthu zomwe ogulitsa m'misika kapena m'masitolo a nyama ati, zakuthambo sizabwino kuti zisungidwe mu aquarium wamba. Anthu onse oyandikana nawo adzamenyedwa kapena kudyedwa nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake njira yoyenera ndikusunga ma astronotuse angapo mu aquarium yayikulu yokhala ndi malo okhala.
Kupatula pakadali pano. Ngati mphamvuyo ndi yayikulu mokwanira, ndiye kuti zakuthambo zitha kuphatikizana ndi:
- nsomba yayikulu ya nsomba (pterygoplychitis ndi ma plecostomuses),
- arovans,
- ndi
- cichlosomes (njira zisanu ndi zitatu),
- atatu-ma-parrots.
Koma mulimonsemo, kugawana kwa zakuthambo ndi nsomba zina ndi chiopsezo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankhana kuti zochulukirapo (ngakhale siziri zazikulu kwambiri) zizichitika.
Chovuta chachikulu pakusunga ma astronotuses ndikusankha aquarium yoyenera voliyumu. Koma ngati mutapeza thanki yabwino kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizowo pamwambapa - nsomba izi zimakusangalatsani kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi malingaliro awo othamanga!
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: nsomba, Ophthalmic Astronotus
Popeza sizovuta kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi, ngati akukonzekera kubereketsa zakuthambo, nthawi zambiri nsomba zamtundu wa 5-6 zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo. Popita nthawi, iwonso adzajambulidwa. Amatha kutha msinkhu pofika zaka ziwiri, pambuyo pake amayamba kutulutsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi yosaneneka isanayambe, nsomba imakhala ndi utoto wowonjezereka: thupi lake limakhala lakuda komanso lofiira. Ngati palibe nsomba zamtundu wina m'madzimo, simungathe kuziyika pamalo otyoka, apo ayi muzifuna kuti muike mazira pangozi.
Nthawi zina zamphongo zimayamba kukwiya kwambiri. Kenako pamafunika kudzipatula kwa mkaziyo kwakanthawi, ndikudikirira mpaka atachepetsa. Atalumikizananso, nsomba zimakonzera malo owombera, kuyeretsa dera lam'munsi, ndipo zimatha kukumba mgalawo. Kuchuluka kwa kuwaza kumayenera kukhala malita 150, miyala yosalala imayikidwa pansi pake, ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukwezedwa pang'ono ndi madigiri 3-4 poyerekeza ndi omwe amapezeka. Ndikofunika kuti pakubzala, nsomba zimapuma ndipo palibe chowopsa chomwe chimazungulira: nsomba zowopsa zimatha kudya caviar.
Akazi achichepere pafupifupi maola 5 amaikira mazira mazana angapo, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 500-600. Akuluakulu omwe akufika pafupi ndi kukula kwakukulu amatha kupanga zowononga mazira 1,000 - 1,800. Caviar imakhwima msanga, zimatenga masiku 3-7 kuti muchite izi, mphutsi zikatuluka. Patsiku loyamba sadziwa kusambira ndikungokhala pamakoma a aquarium kapena pamasamba. Amayamba kusambira masiku 5 mpaka 10 atawonekera.
Poyamba, amapatsidwa daphnia, artemia ndi zakudya zina zazing'ono zazinyama. Patatha sabata limodzi mutayamba kudyetsa, mutha kuwonjezera machubu osankhidwa muzakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachangu amanyambita zikopa kuchokera pakhungu la makolo, zomwe zimapangidwa panthawiyi makamaka chifukwa cha zakudya zawo. Amakula msanga kuti kukula sikuchepetse, ayenera kumapangidwanso, kusinthidwa ndi kukula - munthawi yomweyo izi zidzachepetsa mikangano pakati pa nsomba. Pamene nsomba ikukula mwachangu, madzi ake ayenera kukhala owuma pang'ono: ngati ali ofewa kwambiri, nsagwada sangathe kukula bwino.
Adani Achilengedwe a Ocular Astronotus
Chithunzi: Kodi ma ocular astronotus amawoneka bwanji?
Kuchokera kwa adani, nsomba zazikulu ndi mbalame zimadyera. Ma Astronotuse sathamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake ambiri mwa omwe amadyerawa amakhala osavuta kuwapeza - ndizovuta kwambiri kuti athawe. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zambiri zamtunduwu zimafa mkamwa mwa zilombo zazikulu zam'madzi.
Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri, komanso zochulukirapo, zimagwera mbalame, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi amphaka, omwe adasankha kugwira nsomba pafupi ndi gombe. Anthu a ocular astronotuses samadera nkhawa: samakonda kugwidwa kuti aziswana, popeza amakhala kale muukapolo mokwanira, motero amapezeka amangogwidwa.
Nsomba izi zimatha kumamvana wina ndi mnzake, komanso zowopsa. Nthawi zambiri pomenya nkhondo amateteza ufulu wawo wogawidwa. Izi nsomba zitha kuyanjanitsidwa ndikusunthira wokhala wina kulowa m'madzi am'madzi, ofanana kukula kwake kapena ngakhale apamwamba: ndiye kuti zakuthambo zimayamba kukhala zonyozeka kwambiri.
Katemera wa nsombayu ndiabwino, choncho amatenga kachilomboka mosavuta. Matenda amatha chifukwa cha matenda kapena majeremusi. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kusamalira bwino nsombazo osazipatsa chakudya chowopsa.
Akangozipeza, amafunika kukhala kwayokha ndikumayang'aniridwa. Ma Astronotuse nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nsomba ilibe mavitamini kapena kusambira m'madzi othamanga, imatha kukhala ndi hexamitosis.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Ocular Astronotus
Ma cosular astronotuse ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yochepetsetsa kwambiri. Chirengedwe chawo ndicochulukirapo, monganso madera ogawikirako. Palibe zochitika zosokoneza zomwe zimadziwika: pafupifupi mitsinje yonse kumene nsomba izi zidakhalamo kale, zimakhalabe ndi moyo, komanso kachulukidwe kamakhalabe kokwezeka.
Komanso, m'zaka zana zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa zakuthambo zakuthambo ku South America kudakulirakulira pang'ono, ndipo tsopano akupezeka m'mitsinje yomwe sanapezekepo kale, chifukwa idabwera ndi anthu. Zodziwika kumwera kwa United States, kumene kuwedza masewera kumachitika pa iwo, komanso m'malo ena.
Zowonongeka kuchokera kuntchito za anthu sizikuwoneka chifukwa cha nsomba izi: kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje ku South America sikunapeze kuchuluka kotero komwe kumatha kuwaopseza kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa amakhala m'malo osakhalidwa ndi anthu. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma astronotuse sichinawerengeredwe, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti alipo ambiri. Zili zachilendo kwambiri m'chigwa cha Orinoco ndi Rio Negro: pali zakuthambo zambiri zakuthambo m'mitsinje yaying'ono yomwe imalowa mkatikati mwao, nyama zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi mabingu enieni a nsomba zazing'ono.
Chochititsa chidwi: Astronotuse amasamalira ana awo, komanso palimodzi. Nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndikumangiriza ndikumapaka zipsepse zake kuti caviar ikule bwino, ndipo mazira owonongeka amayikidwa pambali, mphutsi zikabadwa, amakhalabe nawo kwanthawi yoyamba ndikupitilizabe kuteteza - mwachilengedwe, izi zimapangitsa kuti mphutsi zizitetezedwa kwa zilombo zing'onozing'ono.
Ocular Astronotus - osati chovuta kwambiri kusunga nsomba zam'madzi, ndipo musanagule muyenera kuganizira kawiri. Koma mbali inayi, ziweto zoterezi zimakula kwambiri ndipo zimakondwera ndi machitidwe awo ogwira ntchito m'madzi, komanso chifukwa zimatha kuzindikira mwamwiniyo ngakhale kudzipangitsa kuti zizigundidwa, zomwe sizachilendo kwa nsomba.
Kubala, kufalikira
Pafupifupi ma cichlids onse amakhala amiseche, kuphatikizaponso zakuthambo. Amapeza wokwatirana akadali achichepere. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwini wake akufuna kubereketsa nsomba, muyenera kutenga gulu la anthu 8-10 ndikuyembekeza kufikira agawidwa awiriawiri.
Kutha kwa nsomba kumachitika pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Kutulutsa kukachitika, mtundu wa nsomba umakhala wowala, ndipo mchitidwewo umakhala wowopsa. Chachikulu ndikuti mawonekedwe apamwamba azakugonana - ovipositor ndi vas deferens.
Kuti nsomba ziyambe kumera, muyenera kukweza kutentha ndi madigiri angapo. Pakadali pano, miyala yosalala imayikidwa pansi pa aquarium (ma plates amathanso kuchita nawo). Ndizofunikira pakuponya caviar. Choyamba, champhongo chimachotsa zinyalala pamtunda, ndipo nsomba zimayamba masewera a mating. Nthawi zina amatha kupitilira kwa miyezi ingapo.
Pofika madzulo, nsombazo zimatha kudya. Mumdima, ntchito yofalikira imayamba. Caviar ndi yoyera, koma itatha mwamunayo ndikaziphatikiza, imayamba kuonekeratu. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 2,000.
Pa nthawi yakukhwima, yamphongo imateteza ana, pomwe yaikazi imakhalabe yoyera pafupi ndi mazira. Pakatha masiku angapo, mphutsi zimaswa m'mazira, zomwe sizingadyetse kwa masiku ena ambiri ndikupeza michere kuchokera ku yolk sac. Pambuyo pa masiku 4, mwachangu wa zakuthambo adatha kusambira komanso kudya pawokha. Pakadali pano, khungu la makolo limasiyitsa ntchofu zoyamwitsa, zomwe ana amadya. Akakhala ndi kukula kwa 1 masentimita, amalimbikitsidwa kuwachotsa kwa makolo awo, chifukwa malingaliro a ana amayamba kufooka mwa iwo.
Mwachangu ayenera kudyetsedwa kwambiri ndi artemia, cyclops kapena daphnia. Pambuyo pake, mutha kupatsa nyongolotsi zamagazi kapena chubu. Fry of astronotuses imakonda kudya cannibalism, kudya anthu ofooka, chifukwa chake, kuti muteteze ana onse, muyenera kubzala ana omwe atsalira kumbuyo kuti akule.
Zojambula
Mtundu wankhanza wamtunduwu udapangidwa kuti upatse nsomba iliyonse. Utoto umabayidwa mwachindunji pansi pa khungu pogwiritsa ntchito syringe ndi singano. Popita nthawi, utoto umachotsedwa m'thupi, koma chitetezo cha nyamayo chimavutika kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, chiwetocho chimakhala chosatetezeka, chikugonjetsedwa ndimatenda ambiri, kukula ndi kukula kwake chikukula, ndipo chimafa pamaso pa abale ake.
Ma aquarium omwe ali ndi zakuthambo angakhale abwino kuwonjezera pa nyumba yokhalamo. Nsomba zazikulu komanso zanzeru zidzakhala okondedwa a banjali, kugunda ndi kukongola kwake ndikugunda mwachangu.
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