Njovu zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri, mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, miyendo yolimba komanso yamphamvu. Makutu amafika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma maso, m'malo mwake, ndi ochepa.
Makutu amathandizira nyama nyengo yotentha. Mafani a iwo, amakwaniritsa kuzizira.
Njovu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumva kwabwino, koma mawonekedwe awo pamtunda wautali siabwino kwambiri.
Njovu zilibe tsitsi, thupi lanyama limakutidwa ndi imvi kapena khungu la bulauni, mpaka 2,5 cm wandiweyani, lomwe limakhala ndi makwinya ozama. Ana a njovu amabadwa ndi bristles osowa, pomwe akuluakulu samakhalakonso.
Kusiyana kwina pakati pa njovu ndi kulephera kwake kudumpha. Zonse ndi miyendo, yomwe ili ndi 2 patella. Njovu zimasuntha, ngakhale zimalemera kwambiri, zimangokhala chete.
Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi phata lamafuta lomwe lili pakatikati pa phazi, lomwe limakhala lokhazikika ndi gawo lililonse la nyama.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, thunthu la njovu. Chiwalochi chimapangidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa mphuno ndi milomo yapamwamba, zimakhala ndi tendons ndi minofu yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri komanso yosinthika nthawi yomweyo. Imafika kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 metres ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 150 kg.
Thunthu lake limagwira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi. Mothandizidwa, njovu zimadya, zimadzithira madzi ndikulankhulana, komanso kulera ana!
Njovu - kufotokoza, mawonekedwe ndi zithunzi
Njovu ndi zimphona pakati pa nyama. Kutalika kwa njovu 2 - 4 m. Njovu - kuyambira 3 mpaka 7 matani. Njovu ku Africa, makamaka ma savannah, nthawi zambiri zimalemera mpaka matani 10 - 12. Thupi lamphamvu la njovu limakutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira (mpaka 2,5 cm) la bulauni kapena la imvi lokhala ndi makwinya. Ana a njovu amabadwa ndi chiputu, achikulire alibe udzu.
Mutu wa nyamayo ndi wamkulu kwambiri wokhala ndi makutu a kukula kodabwitsa. Makutu a njovu ali ndi malo akulu okulirapo, ali amanenepa m'munsi ndi owonda m'mphepete, monga lamulo, iwo amawongolera kutentha. Kutseka makutu kumathandiza kuti chiweto chiziwonjezera mphamvu. Phazi la njovu limakhala ndi patella 2. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti njovu ikhale nyama yokha yomwe imatha kudumpha. Pakati pa phazi pali phata lamafuta lomwe limatumphukira mbali iliyonse, yomwe imalola nyama zamphamvu izi kuyendayenda pafupifupi mwakachetechete.
Thunthu la njovu ndi chinthu chodabwitsa komanso chapadera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mphuno yapakamwa ndi milomo yapamwamba. Ma tendon komanso minofu yoposa 100,000 imamupangitsa kukhala wamphamvu komanso wosinthika. Thunthu lake limagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika, pomwe nthawi yomweyo limapatsa nyamayo kupuma, kununkhira, kukhudza komanso kugwira chakudya. Kudzera mu thunthu, njovu zimadziteteza, zimadzipatsa madzi, kudya, kulankhulana komanso kulera ana. "Chikhalidwe" china chowoneka ndi nkhawa za njovu. Amakula m'moyo wonse: mwamphamvu kwambiri ma ntchofu, omwe ndi akuluakulu omwe amakhala nawo.
Mchira wa njovu ndi wamtali ngati miyendo yakumbuyo. Msonga wake umapangidwa ndi tsitsi loyera lomwe limathandiza kuthamangitsa tizilombo. Mawu a Njovu ndi achindunji. Phokoso lomwe chinyama chachikulu chimapanga limatchedwa kuti nkhumba, kumalirira, kunong'ona komanso kubangula njovu. Kutalika kwa njovu ndi zaka pafupifupi 70.
Njovu zimatha kusambira kwambiri ndikukonda njira zamadzi, ndipo kuthamanga kwawo pamtunda kumafika 3-6 km / h. Mukathamanga mtunda waufupi, kuthamanga kwa njovu nthawi zina kumakwera mpaka 50 km / h.
Njovu yaku Asia
Ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa Wachiafrika kukula ndi kulemera kwake, kupeza ndalama zosakwana 5 ndi theka pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wake, pomwe savannah (wa ku Africa) amatha kuponya muvi wamiyala pafupifupi matani 7.
Chiwalo chovuta kwambiri ndi khungu lopanda thukuta.. Ndiamene amapangitsa kuti nyamayo ipangire njira zamatope ndi madzi, kuziteteza kuti isasungunuke, kuwotcha komanso kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.
Khungu lozikika (mpaka 2,5 cm) limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limatsukidwa ndikakanda pamtengo pafupipafupi pamitengo: ndichifukwa chake njovu zimawoneka zowoneka bwino.
Makwinya pakhungu ndikofunikira kuti madzi asasungidwe - samalola kuti isungunuke, kuteteza njovu kuti isamatenthe.
Khungu loonda kwambiri limawonedwa pafupi ndi anus, kamwa komanso mkati mwa auricles.
Mtundu wamtundu wa njovu ya India umasiyana ndi imvi kumaso, koma palinso maalubino (osati oyera, koma owala pocheperapo kuposa anzawo m'gulu la ziweto).
Zidadziwika kuti Elephas maximus (njovu yaku Asia), yomwe kutalika kwake kuchoka pa 5.5 mpaka 6.4 m, ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa wa ku Africa ndipo ali ndi miyendo yolimba yokhazikika.
Kusiyana kwina kuchokera ku savannah ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la thupi: mu njovu yaku Asia, ndiye pamphumi, woyamba - mapewa.
Zodziwika bwino
Njovu ndi ya machitidwe a phula; ndi amodzi mwa oimira atatu amakono a banja la njovu. Kusiyana kwina kumatilola kusiyanitsa magawo anayi a njovu yaku Asia, omwe adatchulidwa pambuyo pa magawidwe:
- Njovu ndiyo yodziwika kwambiri zazikulu zazikulu,
- Njovu ya ku Sri Lankan, ilibe mankhusu, mutu motsatira thupi zimawoneka zokulira,
- Njovu ya Sumatran, yotchedwa "thumba la thumba" chifukwa cha kukula kwake,
- Njovu ya ku Borne yokhala ndi makutu akuluakulu ndi mchira wautali.
Njovu - kufotokoza, mawonekedwe ndi zithunzi
Njovu ndi zimphona pakati pa nyama. Kutalika kwa njovu 2 - 4 m. Njovu - kuyambira 3 mpaka 7 matani. Njovu ku Africa, makamaka ma savannah, nthawi zambiri zimalemera mpaka matani 10 - 12. Thupi lamphamvu la njovu limakutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira (mpaka 2,5 cm) la bulauni kapena la imvi lokhala ndi makwinya. Ana a njovu amabadwa ndi chiputu, achikulire alibe udzu.
Mutu wa nyamayo ndi wamkulu kwambiri wokhala ndi makutu a kukula kodabwitsa. Makutu a njovu ali ndi malo akulu okulirapo, ali amanenepa m'munsi ndi owonda m'mphepete, monga lamulo, iwo amawongolera kutentha. Kutseka makutu kumathandiza kuti chiweto chiziwonjezera mphamvu. Phazi la njovu limakhala ndi patella 2.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti njovu ikhale nyama yokha yomwe imatha kudumpha. Pakati pa phazi pali phata lamafuta lomwe limatumphukira mbali iliyonse, yomwe imalola nyama zamphamvu izi kuyendayenda pafupifupi mwakachetechete.
Thunthu la njovu ndi chinthu chodabwitsa komanso chapadera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mphuno yapakamwa ndi milomo yapamwamba. Ma tendon komanso minofu yoposa 100,000 imamupangitsa kukhala wamphamvu komanso wosinthika. Thunthu lake limagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika, pomwe nthawi yomweyo limapatsa nyamayo kupuma, kununkhira, kukhudza komanso kugwira chakudya. Kudzera mu thunthu, njovu zimadziteteza, zimadzipatsa madzi, kudya, kulankhulana komanso kulera ana. "Chikhalidwe" china chowoneka ndi nkhawa za njovu. Amakula m'moyo wonse: mwamphamvu kwambiri ma ntchofu, omwe ndi akuluakulu omwe amakhala nawo.
Mchira wa njovu ndi wamtali ngati miyendo ya kumbuyo. Msonga wake umapangidwa ndi tsitsi loyera lomwe limathandiza kuthamangitsa tizilombo. Mawu a Njovu ndi achindunji. Phokoso lomwe chinyama chachikulu chimapanga limatchedwa kuti nkhumba, kumalirira, kunong'ona komanso kubangula njovu. Kutalika kwa njovu ndi zaka pafupifupi 70.
Njovu zimatha kusambira kwambiri ndikukonda njira zamadzi, ndipo kuthamanga kwawo pamtunda kumafika 3-6 km / h.
Mukathamanga mtunda waufupi, kuthamanga kwa njovu nthawi zina kumakwera mpaka 50 km / h.
Mitundu ya njovu
M'banja la njovu zamoyo, mitundu itatu yayikulu ndi yodziwika, ya mitundu iwiri:
- mtundu Njovu zakuchi (Loxodonta) agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- savannah njovu (Loxodonta africana)
imasiyana kukula kwakukulu, mtundu wakuda, kukhazikika kwa maina ndi njira ziwiri kumapeto kwa thunthu. Chimakhala mdziko la Africa,
Njovu ya ku Africa (savannah njovu)
- Njovu (Loxodonta cyclotis)
ili ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono (mpaka 2,5 m kufota) ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira makutu. Mitundu ya njovu imeneyi imapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango za ku Africa.
Elephant African Elephant
Mitundu imakonda kubereka komanso kubereka ana abwino kwambiri.
- Chifundo waku India (Asia) njovu (Elephas- imakhala ndi mawonedwe amodzi - Njovu ya ku India (Elephas maximus)
Ndi yaying'ono kuposa savannah, koma ili ndi miyendo yolimba komanso miyendo yifupi. Mtundu - kuchokera bulauni mpaka imvi. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtundu wa njovu ndi maula ochepa a mpangidwe wa quadrangular ndi ndondomeko imodzi kumapeto kwa thunthu. Njovu yaku India kapena ku Asia imapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha za India, ku China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Brunei, Bangladesh ndi Indonesia.
Chikondwerero cha njovu ku India
Kodi njovu zimakhala kuti?
Njovu zaku Africa zimakhala pafupifupi gawo lonse la Africa lotentha: ku Namibia ndi Senegal, ku Kenya ndi Zimbabwe, ku Guinea ndi Republic of Congo, ku Sudan ndi ku South Africa, njovu ku Zambia ndi ku Somalia zimamva bwino. Kuchulukitsa kwa ziweto, mwatsoka, kukakamizidwa kumakhala m'malo osungirako mayiko, kuti asakhale olanda achifwamba osaba. Njovu imakhala m'malo alionse, koma imayesetsa kupewa malo acipululu ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, ikakonda gawo la savannah.
Njovu zaku India zimakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa India, ku Thailand, China komanso pachilumba cha Sri Lanka, amakhala ku Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam ndi Malaysia. Mosiyana ndi anzawo aku Africa, njovu zaku India zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo okhala mitengo, zimakonda nsapato zazitali za malo otentha ndi zitsamba zowirira.
Kodi njovu zimadya chiyani?
Pafupifupi maola 16 patsiku, njovu zimatanganidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, pomwe masamba 300 makilogalamu amadyedwa ndi chilala. Njovu imadya udzu (kuphatikiza katemera, gumbwa ku Africa), ma rhizomes, makungwa ndi masamba (mwachitsanzo, ficus ku India), zipatso za nthochi zakutchire, maapulo, marula komanso khofi. Kudya kwa njovu kumadalira malo omwe amakhala, chifukwa mitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zimamera ku Africa ndi India. Nyama izi sizinyalanyaza minda yolima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyendera kwawo kuwononge kwambiri mbewu za chimanga, mbatata ndi mbewu zina. Ntchito ndi thunthu zimawathandiza kupeza chakudya, ndipo ma molars amathandizira kutafuna. Mano a njovu amasintha pamene ikupera.
Ku malo osungirako nyama, njovu zimadyetsedwa udzu ndi masamba (zochulukazo), ndipo zimapatsanso nyama masamba, zipatso, ndi mizu: kabichi, maapulo, mapeyala, kaloti, beets, mavwende, mbatata yophika, oats, chinangwa, nthambi za msondodzi, mkate, ndi zokonda zina gwiritsani nthochi za njovu ndi zikhalidwe zina. Njovu imadyera pafupifupi makilogalamu 250-300 pachakudya kuthengo kuthengo. Akapolo, njovu zimadya zotsatirazi: pafupifupi 10 kg zamasamba, 30 makilogalamu a udzu ndi 10 kg ya mkate.
Akuluakulu ndi otchuka ngati "mitsinje yamadzi". Njovu imamwa pafupifupi malita 100-300 amadzi patsiku, motero nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Kuswana kwa njovu
Njovu zimapanga gulu la mabanja (anthu 9-12), kuphatikiza mtsogoleri wokhwima, azichemwali ake, ana akazi ndi amuna achichepere. Njovu yachikazi imalumikizana ndi banja lake; imakula pofika zaka 12, ili ndi zaka 16 ndipo ndiyokonzeka kubereka. Amuna okhwima mwakugonana amasiya ng'ombe ali ndi zaka 15 - 20 (Mwaafrika wazaka 25) ndikukhala wosakwatiwa. Chaka chilichonse, amuna amagwira ntchito yankhanza yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa testosterone pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, kotero kulimba kwambiri pakati pama mabanja, kutha ndikuvulala komanso kuvulala, ndizofala. Zowona, izi zili ndi phindu lake: mpikisano ndi abale odziwa bwino amaletsa njovu zazimuna zazing'ono kuti zikhwime.
Kubzala njovu kumachitika mosaganizira nyengo. Njovu yamphongo ikafika pagululo ikaona kuti yakonzekera kukwatirana. Wokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake pa nthawi yovomerezeka, amuna amakonzekera kumenyana, chifukwa choti wopambana amaloledwa wamkazi. Mimba ya njovu imatha miyezi 20-22. Kubadwa kwa njovu kumachitika pagulu lopangidwa ndi akazi achikazi, lozungulira ndi kuteteza mayi amene akubereka kuti asakumane ndi ngozi.
Nthawi zambiri mwana wabadwa mmodzi amabadwa akulemera pafupifupi zana, nthawi zina pamakhala mapasa. Pakatha maola awiri, njovu yatsopano imadzuka ndikuyamwa mkaka wa mayi ndi chisangalalo. Pakupita masiku angapo, kambuku amayenda mosavuta ndi abale, atagwira chimtengo cha mchira wa mayiwo ndi thunthu. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga zaka 1.5-2, ndipo akazi onse odzazidwa nawonso amatenga nawo mbali. Pakutha pa miyezi 6-7, zakudya zamasamba zimawonjezera mkaka.
Chifukwa chiyani njovu zimachita mantha ndi mbewa?
Anthu ambiri amadziwa za mantha omwe amakhudzidwa ndi njovu zazikulu zomwe zimayimira oyimira ang'onoting'ono a banja la mbewa - mbewa. Koma si aliyense amene amadziwa kuti izi ndi zabodza. Pali nthano monga momwe kalelo kudali mbewa zazambiri kotero kuti amatsutsana ndi miyendo ya njovu, ndikudula miyendo ya nyama pafupi mpaka fupa, ndikudziyikira okha ma mbewa. Ndiye chifukwa chake kuyambira pamenepo njovu zinayamba kugona osanama, koma zitaimirira. Pali mfundo zochepa pamenepa, chifukwa nyama zambiri zimagona, mwachitsanzo, akavalo, omwe saopa mbewa konse. Koma kungonena kuti tambala yemwe wabera njovu imatha kukwera mumtengo ndikulepheretsa mwayi wake wopeza mpweya, zomwe zingachititse kuti njovu iphedwe - kuphatikiza apo, milandu ingapo yolembedwa.
Palinso lingaliro lina, loseketsa pang'ono, komabe: mbewa, kukwera njovu, kumakakamira chimphona chija ndi miyendo yake yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njovayo isafunike kukwapula, ndipo zimamuvuta kuchita izi. Komabe, malingaliro onse oterewa adasokonekera ndi asayansi: adakhulupilira kuti njovu ndizosakhudzana ndi mbewa, zimakhala nawo mwamtendere m'mayendedwe osungira nyama, kulola makoswe ang'ono kuti azidye zotsalira zazakudya zawo, ndipo osawopa konse.
Kodi njovu imakhala ndi mphuno yayitali bwanji?
Chitamba ndicho chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi njovu. Kufika kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 metre ndikulemera makilogalamu 130-150, gawo ili la thupi limangofunikira nyama, monga manja a munthu, mphuno kapena lilime.
Makolo a njovu, omwe amakhala kumbuyoko kumadambo, anali ndi kamtengo kakang'ono kwambiri: anawalola kupumira pansi pa madzi.
Zaka mamiliyoni ambiri kuchokera ku chisinthiko zidakakamiza wopangiratu njovu kuti achoke ku marshland, zomwe zidachulukitsa nyamayo kukula, chifukwa chomwe chimtengo cha njovu chimayenera kusinthanso mikhalidwe yatsopano.
Pokhala ndi thunthu, njovu imanyamula ndikunyamula katundu wolemera, ndikung'amba nthochi zamkati ndikuziika pakamwa pake, ngati kuti ikatunga madzi munyanja kapena mumtsinje ndikukonza shawa nthawi yanthawi yotentha, imamveka kulira kwa lipenga, kunyamula kununkhira, kumadzithandiza kumwa, kuthira madzi kulowa kamwa.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu ngati chida chogwirira ntchito ndi sayansi yovuta kwambiri yomwe njovu zazing'ono sizidziwa msanga: Nthawi zambiri ana amatenga thunthu lawo, chifukwa chake amake achangu a njovu mokhulupirika, kwa miyezi ingapo, amaphunzitsa ana awo luso logwiritsa ntchito "njira" iyi .
Constitution komanso kudya
Kumbuyo kwa njovu zaku Africa kuli pafupifupi kowongoka, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndikutukuka m'dera lodzala. Ku njovu zaku Asia, kambalo, mosiyana, ndi kansalu. Kukula kochepa kwambiri, chimphona chakum'mawa ku Asia zowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa Afirika, popeza miyendo yake ndiyifupi komanso yopyapyala, mosiyana ndi miyendo ya oimira amtundu wina. Mapangidwe a miyendo atha kufotokozedwa mosavuta ndi kusakhudzidwa pakudya kwa njovu zaku India ndi ku Africa: oyambawo amadya masamba ndi masamba okha, koma osanyoza kutsina udzu: omalizira, m'malo mwake, amangodya masamba okha ochokera kumitengo yamitengo.
Akuluakulu african njovu
Thunthu - Chodziwika ndi njovu monga mtundu. Ili si mphuno kwenikweni, m'malo mwake, milomo yapamwamba imangokhala pamphuno. Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, njovu imapumira, imapeza chakudya, zakumwa, imasamba ndi zina. Kapangidwe ka chiwalo ichi mumtundu womwe mukuwunikiranso kumasiyana. Kumapeto kwa thunthu la ku Africa kuno kumakhala ndi zochita ngati zala ziwiri, pomwe Mmwenye amakhala ndi njira imodzi yokha (pamwambapa).
Kusiyana pakati pa njovu zaku Africa ndi ku Asia kumakulira pakupanga phazi. Pali miyendo isanu yamiyendo yakutsogolo mwa njovu zaku India, ndi zinayi kumbuyo kwamiyendo yakumbuyo.Zingwe za ku Africa zimakhala ndi ziboda zisanu (nthawi zina zinayi) pamphumi, ndi zitatu kumiyendo yakumbuyo.
Njovu yaku Asia ndi ku Africa
Ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo za thupi
Mtima waukulu (nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi wapamwamba kawiri) umalemera pafupifupi 30 makilogalamu, kugwira pafupipafupi ma 30 pamphindi. 10% yakulemera kwa thupi ili m'magazi.
Ubongo wa imodzi mwa zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri zapadziko lapansi zimawerengedwa (mwachilengedwe kwambiri) cholemetsa kwambiri, chotalika makilogalamu asanu.
Zachikazi, mosiyana ndi amuna, zimakhala ndi zofunikira ziwiri za m'mimba.
Njovu imafunikira makutu osati kuti imve kulira, komanso kuti izigwiritsa ntchito ngati fan, ikudziwotcha pakatentha.
Kwambiri chiwalo cha njovu chaponseponse - thunthumothandizidwa ndi nyama zomwe zimazindikira fungo, kupumira, kuthira madzi, kumva ndikulanda zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chakudya.
Thunthu, pafupifupi lopanda mafupa ndi cartilage, limapangidwa ndi milomo yapamwamba ndi mphuno. Kusunthika kwapadera kwa thunthu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa minofu 40,000 (tendons ndi minofu). Cartilage yokhayo (kugawa mphuno) imapezeka kumapeto kwa thunthu.
Mwa njira, thunthu limatha ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imatha kuwona singano mu haystack.
Ndipo thunthu la njovu yaku India limatenga malita 6 amadzi. Atatenga madzi, nyamayo imaponyera thunthu mkamwa mwake ndikuwuzira kotero kuti chinyezi chimalowa pakhosi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati akufuna kukutsimikizirani kuti njovu ili ndi mawondo anayi, musakhulupirire: alipo awiri okha. Maulalo ena amenewo siwondo, koma Elowel.
Kapangidwe ka mkati ndi kakhalidwe
Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka ziwalo ndi kachitidwe ka njovu zaku Africa ndi Asia ndi izi: zoyambirira - 42 nthiti, wachiwiri - 38, akale anali ndi ma boti makumi atatu ndi atatu mchira, ndipo omaliza ali makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi okha. Pali zosiyana pakapangidwe ka ma molars.
Njovu zaku Africa zimayamba kukhwima Zaka 25. Indian amakula mwachangu: ali okonzeka kubereka ana kale Zaka 15 - 20.
Zokhudza makhalidwe, njovu zaku Asia zimapambana pano. Kuchokera pakuwona anthu. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa amakhala ochezeka, amaphunzitsidwa mosavuta. Njovu zaku Asia kumudzi kwawo (kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia) zimathandiza anthu kunyamula katundu wolemera komanso kugwira ntchito zina zovuta. Padziko lonse lapansi, njovu zaku India zimagwira ntchito mozungulira. Njovu zaku Africa, Mosiyana ndi izi, zimakhala zaukali kwambiri komanso zoyipa kuposa anthu. Koma kuphunzitsidwa kwawo kuli kotheka kuchitika: zimadziwika kuti njovu zaku Africa zidatenga nawo gawo kampeni ya Hannibal ku Roma m'zaka za zana la 3 BC.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Mitundu yaku Asia ndiofala masiku ano ku East, North-East ndi South India, ku East Pakistan, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Ceylon, Malacca ndi Sumatra. Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana kuyambira savannah wobzala udzu wamtali kupita m'nkhalango zowirira. Khosali nthawi zambiri limakhala la anthu 15 mpaka atatu. Mutu - wamkazi wachikulire wanzeru.
Njovu ya ku Asia pamalo
Njovu ya ku Africa imakhala ku Africa konse kumwera kwa Chipululu cha Sahara. Poyamba, malo okhala zimphona zazikulu zaku Africa za savannah zidapitilirabe, lero zadzala ndi mipata: Nyama zamtunduwu sizikhalanso m'malo ambiri a South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Ethiopia, kumpoto kwa Somalia kulibe. Njovu ya ku Africa imatha kukhala m'malo ena osiyanapo ndi ena, kupatula ku chipululu ndi mapiri. Njovu izi za kukula kochititsa chidwi zimakhala m'matanthwe. M'mbuyomu m'khola mutha kukhala anthu mazana anayi.
Njovu za ku Africa kuno
Njovu za mitundu yonse iwiriyi pakubadwa kwawo zimabereka pafupifupi ana asanu. Zoweta, maubwenzi am'banja amakhala olimba kwambiri. Gulu la njovu limatha kukhala ndi mazana a omangidwa ndimagazi. Njovu ndi nyama zosamukidwa; zilibe malo okhala. Ziweto za njovu zimakhala moyo wawo wonse zikuyenda: akusaka chakudya chomwe amafunikira tsiku lililonse, ndipo amagona pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Masiku ano, mitundu yonse ya njovu zodziwika ndi sayansi ili pangozi yokutha, ndiye kuti zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Kusanja komanso kugawa
Ubale mu gulu la njovu wakhazikitsidwa potsatira izi: pali mmodzi, wachikulire kwambiri, yemwe amamutsogolera achemwali ake, asungwana, ana, komanso amuna omwe sanathe msinkhu.
Njovu zokhwima, monga lamulo, zimasungidwa zokhazokha, ndipo okalamba okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kutsagana ndi gulu lotsogozedwa ndi masanjidwewo.
Pafupifupi zaka 150 zapitazo, ng'ombe zoterezi zinali za 30, 50 ngakhale 100, m'nthawi yathu ino, gulu la ng'ombe limaphatikizapo azimayi awiri mpaka khumi olemedwa ndi ana awo.
Pofika zaka 10-12 njovu zimafika pa kutha msinkhu, koma ndi azaka 16 zokha zomwe zimatha kubereka, ndipo zitatha zaka 4 zimawonedwa ngati zazikulu. Kubala chonde kwambiri kumachitika pakati pa zaka 25 mpaka 45: munthawi imeneyi, njovu imapatsa ma 4 litre, kukhala ndi pakati pafupifupi zaka 4 zilizonse.
Amuna okula, ndikupeza mphamvu yothira feteleza, amasiya abambo awo ali ndi zaka 10 mpaka 17 ndikuyendayenda payekhapayekha mpaka zofuna zawo zaukwati zikasemphana.
Chomwe chimapangitsa mndandandandawo pakati pa amuna otchuka ndi mnzake mu estrus (masiku 2-4). Pankhondo, otsutsa amakhala pachiwopsezo osati thanzi lawo lokha, komanso moyo wawo, popeza ali mkhalidwe wapadera wotchedwa ayenera (kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Urdu - "kuledzera").
Wopambana amathamangitsa maimpuwo osasiya osankhidwa kwa masabata atatu.
Zoyenera, zomwe testosterone imachoka, imakhala mpaka miyezi iwiri: njovu zimayiwala za chakudya ndipo zimatanganidwa kufunafuna zazikazi mu estrus. Mitundu iwiri ya zotupa imadziwika kuti iyenera kukhala: mkodzo wambiri ndi madzi okhala ndi mafungo onunkhira, omwe amapangidwa ndi kutulutsa timitseko pakati pa diso ndi khutu.
Njovu zoyamwa sizowopsa kwa abale awo. Ndi "kuledzera" amatsutsana ndi anthu.
Progeny
Kuswana kwa njovu zaku India sizimadalira nthawi yayitali, ngakhale chilala kapena kukakamizidwa kuchuluka kwa zinyama kumachepetsa kuyambika kwa estrus komanso ngakhale kutha.
Mwana wosabadwayo amakhala m'mimba mwa amayi kwa miyezi 22, wopangidwa mokwanira ndi miyezi 19: nthawi yotsala, imangokhala kulemera.
Pakubadwa, zazikazi zimaphimba mkazi pakubala, ataimirira mozungulira. Njovu imabereka ana amodzi (osowa) awiri kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi kulemera kwa 100 kg. Adayamba kale kukongoletsa zinthu zomwe zimayamba kulowa ndikusintha mano a mkaka ndi okhazikika.
Maola angapo mwana wabadwa atabadwa kale atayimirira kale ndikuyamwa mkaka wa mayiyo, ndipo mayiyo akufafaniza mwana ndi fumbi ndi nthaka kuti fungo lake labwino lisakopeketse zilombo.
Zimatenga masiku angapo, ndipo khandalo limangoyendayenda limodzi ndi wina aliyense, kumamatira ndi proboscis wake kumchira wamayi.
Njovu ya mwana imaloledwa kuyamwa mkaka pa njovu zonse zowala. Amang'amba bere la mwana wa ng'ombe m'zaka 1.5-2, kusamutsira kudyera chomera. Pakadali pano, ng'ombe ya njovu imayamba kuthira mkaka kudyetsa udzu ndi masamba ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Njovu itabereka, imafooka kotero kuti yatsopano imakumbukira kununkhira kwake. Mtsogolomo, ng'ombe ya njovu imadzadya kotero kuti michere yonse yosaipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti mapangidwe a cellulose alowe m'thupi.
Moyo
Ngakhale njovu yaku India imadziwika kuti ndi munthu wokhala m'nkhalango, imakwera phirili mosavuta ndikugonjetsa madambo (chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka phazi).
Amakonda kuzizira kwambiri kuposa kutentha, pomwe amasankha kuti asachoke pamakona amadzimadzi, amadziphimba ndi makutu akulu. Ndi iwowo, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, omwe amakhala ngati ophatikizira amawu amawu oyambira: chifukwa chake kumva kwa njovu kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuposa anthu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa njira, chiwalo chomva cha nyama izi komanso makutu ndi ... miyendo. Zinapezeka kuti njovu zimatumiza ndikulandila mafunde am'madzi pa mtunda wa ma 2000 metres.
Kumva kwabwino kumachirikizidwa ndi chidwi chanunkhira ndi kukhudza. Njovu imangodulidwa ndi maso, kusiyanitsa zinthu zakutali. M'malo achithunzi amawona bwino.
Kusamalira bwino nyama kumathandiza kuti chiweto chizigona chilipo, ndikuyika mataulo akuluakulu kunthambi za mitengo kapena pamwamba pa chitunda. Ali mu ukapolo, amawaponyera mu ukonde kapena kupumula kukhoma.
Zimatenga maola 4 patsiku kuti mugone. Achichepere ndi odwala amatha kugona pansi. Njovu ya ku Asia imayenda liwiro la 2-6 km / h, kuthamangira ku 45 km / h pangozi, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi mchira wokwera.
Njovu sangokonda njira zamadzi - ndiwosambira bwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kugona kugonana mumtsinje, kuphatikiza abwenzi angapo.
Njovu zaku Asia zimapereka chidziwitso osati kungobangula, kulira kwa lipenga, kudandaula, kufuula ndi mawu ena: mu zida zawo ndi mayendedwe a thupi ndi thunthu. Chifukwa chake, kuwombera kwamphamvu kwakumapeto kumatsimikizira kwa opanga kuti mnzake wawo ndi wokwiya.
Zomwe mukufunanso kudziwa za njovu ya ku Asia
Ichi ndi herbivore chomwe chimadya udzu wambiri mpaka 150 makilogalamu 300, makungwa, masamba, maluwa, zipatso ndi mphukira patsiku.
Njovu ndi imodzi mwazilombo zazikuluzikulu (poganizira magawo) azilimo, chifukwa ng'ombe zawo zimawononga kwambiri nzimbe, nthochi ndi mpunga.
Kugaya kwathunthu kumatenga maola 24 kwa njovundipo zosakwana theka la chakudya zimamwetsa. Masana, chimphona chimamwa madzi okwanira 70 mpaka 200 malita, ndichifukwa chake sichingapite kutali ndi komwe kunachokera.
Njovu zimatha kuwonetsa zakukhosi. Amakhala achisoni ngati njovu zatsopano kapena anthu ena am'deralo afa. Zochitika zosangalatsa zimapatsa njovu chifukwa chosangalalira komanso kuseka. Poona njovu itagwa m'matope, wachikulire adzatulutsa thunthu kuti athandizire. Njovu zimatha kulumikizana uku ndi uku ndi uku.
Mu 1986, nyamazo (pafupi ndi kutha) zinafika pamapeji a International Red Book.
Zomwe zakuchepera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa njovu zaku India (mpaka 2-5% pachaka) zimatchedwa:
- kupha minyanga ya njovu ndi nyama
- kufunafuna chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minda,
- kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumayenderana ndi zochitika za anthu,
- kufa pansi pa matayala a magalimoto.
Mwachilengedwe, akuluakulu sakhala ndi adani achilengedwe, kupatula anthu: koma njovu zimakonda kufa pomenyedwa ndi mikango ndi akambuku a ku India.
Njovu zaku Asia zimakhala zaka 60-70 kuthengo, zaka 10 zochulukirapo ku malo osungira nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Yemwe ali ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino ya njovu ndi a Lin Wang ochokera ku Taiwan, omwe adapita kwa makolo mu 2003. Inali ndewu yoyenera kumenyedwa, "idamenya nkhondo" kumbali ya gulu lankhondo lachi China ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Sino-Japan (1937-1954). Panthawi ya kumwalira, a Lin Wang anali ndi zaka 86.
Potumiza ndemanga, mumatsimikizira kuti mukuvomereza kusintha kwazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikusunga chinsinsi