Njovu ya ku Africa ndiye nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. A Njovu amakhala m'gulu la ng'ombe, motsogozedwa ndi akazi odziwa zambiri. Munthu m'modzi sangatayike, chifukwa mamembala amalankhulana wina ndi mzake kudzera m'mawu omwe amamva ngakhale kutali kwa 5 km.

Pakalipano, njovu zimakhala makamaka m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Amakhala kumwera ndi Southeast Asia ndi Africa.

Pokhudzana ndi malo okhala, mitundu iwiri ya njovu imasiyanitsidwa:

Njovu ndi zizolowezi zawo

Njovu zimasankha malo ndi mitengo pafupi ndi madzi amoyo. Nyengo yamvula, amadya mbewu zomwe zimamera pansi, makamaka zitsamba.

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Nyengo yamvula, njovu zimapita kukasaka chakudya m'nkhalango zomwe zili pamwamba.

Nyama zokongola izi zimakhala mu gulu la anthu 50. Mtunda wautali umapita tsiku lililonse kukafunafuna chakudya ndi madzi. Kulumikizana pakati pa ziŵeto ndi kwamphamvu, odwala kapena ovulala nthawi zonse amasamaliridwa.

Thunthu

Mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi njovu ndi thunthu lalitali. Sichinthu chongonunkhira komanso kukhudza kokha, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyeretsa komanso kuteteza. Pokhala ndi thunthu, njovu imatha kutenga zinthu kapena chakudya. Ndilamphamvu kwambiri kuti chinyama chachikulire chimatha kudzutsa mtengo wonse ndi thunthu lake.

Ntchito

Zovala za njovu kwenikweni zimakhala zazitali. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nyama zimakumba mizu ndikuchotsa makungwa a mitengo. Nthawi yachilala, njovu imakumba mabowo pansi ndi miyala yamphamvu posaka madzi.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya njovu zaku Africa ndi India ili pangozi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta a anthu osaka omwe amasaka mankhusu awo, omwe ndi gwero laminyanga ya njovu.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani njovu ya ku Africa ili ndi makutu akuluakulu?

Njovu, monga nyama zonse zazikulu, ziyenera kuthana ndi vuto lakuchuluka thupi. Makutu akulu amathandizira kuti thupi lizitentha.

Makutu amathandizira njovu.

Kodi mukudziwa izi?

• Njovu ya ku Africa ndiye nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, popeza ilibe adani achilengedwe.
• Njovu imafika mpaka 6,7,5 metres ndipo imatha kulemera mpaka matani 5.
• Zomera zomwe njovu wamkulu zimadya tsiku lililonse zimapanga pafupifupi 5% ya kulemera kwake kwa thupi.
• Njovu imadya madzi okwanira pafupifupi malita 220 patsiku.
• Panthawi yobadwa, mwana wamkazi wa njovu amatha kulemera makilogalamu 120.
• Njovu ikafuna kupumula, nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pambali. Amatha kugona atayimirira, atatsamira mtengo.
• Pofuna kuchotsa tiziromboti pakhungu, njovu imadzipukusa ndi dothi kapena fumbi.
• Njovu ya ku Africa imayamba kuthamanga ikamathamanga mtunda wautali pafupifupi 35 km / h.

• Njovu yayikulu kwambiri inalembedwa ndi nthenga za 4.2 m, 10 m kutalika ndi kulemera matani 12.7.
• Khungu la thupi la njovu mpaka 4 cm.
• Njovu zimalumikizana ndi mawu amtundu wocheperako kwambiri womwe samadziwika ndi khutu la munthu (chomwe chimadziwika kuti infrasound). Amatha kumvetsana ngakhale ali pa mtunda wa 5 km.
• Njovu zimamwa, kuyamwa madzi ndi thunthu, ndikuziwathira pakamwa pawo.
• Njovu zimasambira bwino komanso zimakonda kusambira.
• Khutu la njovu limatha kulowa mita ziwiri.
• Njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito makutu awo kuziziritsa matupi awo.
• Ma molars a njovu ndi akulu kwambiri, amalemera mpaka 3,7 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa 30cm komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Amasintha katatu nthawi ya moyo: pa 15, mano amkaka amasinthidwa ndi mano osatha, kusintha kwatsiku kumachitika ndi 30 ndi 40. Mano omalizira amatha ndi zaka 65-70, pomwe nyamayo imalephera kudya bwino komanso kufa ndi kutopa.

Makulidwe:

• Kukula kwa amuna - kuyambira 3 mpaka 3.5 m (mbiri ya 4.2 m), zachikazi kuyambira 2.2 mpaka 2.6-2.8 m
• Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo kumayambira 6 mpaka 7.5 m (mbiri ya 10 m), zazikazi zimayambira pa 4.9 mpaka 6.2 m
• Kulemera kwake kwamphongo kumachokera ku matani 4 mpaka 6 (zolemba matani 12), zazimayi ndizoyambira matani 2.1 mpaka 3.2
• Ntchito mpaka 3 m (3.5 m)
• Kulemera kwa akhanda kuyambira 30 mpaka 120 kg
• Makutu 1.5 m

Moyo:

• Khalani m'magulu abanja
• Amachita miseche ngati njira yolankhulirana nthawi zonse, amaphulika akakwiya
• Idyani mbewu
• Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 70 (ali mu ukapolo zaka 80)

Njovu - kufotokoza ndi mawonekedwe

Nyama yodabwitsayi ilibe mdani ndipo imagwira aliyense, chifukwa ndi woweta zitsamba. Masiku ano zimatha kupezeka kuthengo, m'malo osungira nyama, m'malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungira nyama, komanso mumakhala anthu wamba. Zambiri zimadziwika za iwo: zaka njovu zimakhala ndi zaka zingati, njovu zimadya chiyani, ndipo njovu imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji. Komabe, zinsinsi zimakhalabe.

Kodi njovu imalemera zochuluka motani?

Nyama iyi siyingasokonezedwe ndi ina iliyonse, chifukwa sizingatheke kuti zolengedwa zamtundu uliwonse zapadziko lapansi zitha kudzitamandira pamitundu imeneyi. Kutalika kwa chimphona ichi chitha kufika pa 4.5 metres, ndi kulemera - mpaka 7 matani. Chachikulu kwambiri ndi chimphona chachikulu cha ku Africa. Anzanu aku India ndi opepuka pang'ono: kulemera mpaka 5, 5 matani amuna ndi 4, 5 - kwa akazi. Zopepuka kwambiri ndi njovu zamtchire - mpaka matani atatu. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ina yaing'ono yomwe safikira ngakhale 1 toni.

Mafupa a njovu

Mafupa a njovu ndi yolimba ndipo imatha kupirira kulemerako. Thupi limakhala lalikulu komanso lolimba.

Mutu wa nyamayo ndi yayikulu, ndipo imayang'ana kutsogolo. Zokongoletsera ndizo makutu ake osunthira, akugwira ntchito yoyang'anira kutentha ndi njira yolankhulirana pakati pa anthu amitundu ina. Akamaukira gulu la nyama, nyama zimayamba kuyendetsa makutu awo, kuthana ndi adani.

Miyendo ndi yapadera. Mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti nyama zimakhala zaphokoso komanso pang'onopang'ono, zimphona izi zimayenda pafupifupi chabe. Pamapazi pamakhala timiyendo tambiri tambiri tomwe timafewetsa sitepe. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa kugwada, kugwada ndi nyama.

Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira wawung'ono kumathera burashi yopanda fluffy. Nthawi zambiri mwana wa ng'ombe amamugwirira kuti asalire kumbuyo kwa amayi ake.

Maonedwe ndi kumva kwa Njovu

Ponena za kukula kwa nyamayo, maso ndi ochepa, ndipo zimphona izi sizimasiyana ndi zowoneka bwino. Koma ali ndi makutu akumva bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kuzindikira phokoso ngakhale lalitali kwambiri.

Thupi la nyama yambiri imakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda kapena labulawuni, lopakidwa makwinya komanso makutu ambiri. Zotchinga zosakhazikika pa izo zimangoyang'aniridwa mwa ana. Akuluakulu, imakhala ilibe.

Mtundu wa nyamayo umatengera malo, chifukwa njovu nthawi zambiri, zimadziteteza ku tizilombo, zimadzipukusa ndi dothi komanso dongo. Chifukwa chake, oimira ena amawoneka a bulauni komanso opinki.

Mwa zimphona, ndizosowa kwambiri, koma ma alubino amapezekabe. Nyama zoterezi zimadziwika kuti ndi zamphamvu ku Siam. Njovu zoyera zimatengedwa mwachindunji kwa mabanja achifumu.

Nsagwada

Kukongoletsa kwa chimphona ndi ntchito yake: nyama ikakhala yayitali, ndizitali. Koma si onse omwe ali ndi kukula kofanana. Mwachitsanzo, njovu yachikazi yaku Asia, ilibe zokongoletsera zotere mwanjira iliyonse, monga amuna osowa. Ntchito zimalowa nsagwada ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zofunikira kwambiri.

Njovu imakhala zaka zingati, imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mano ake, omwe amang'amba pakapita zaka, koma nthawi yomweyo yatsopano imawoneka yomwe imakula itayamba kale. Amadziwika kuti njovu ili ndi mano angati mkamwa mwake. Nthawi zambiri 4 zikhalidwe.

Njovu ya ku India ndi njovu yaku Africa zimasiyana mitundu; tikambirana za iwo motsatira.

Mitundu ya njovu

Masiku ano, pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya proboscis: njovu yaku Africa ndi njovu yaku India (mwanjira ina yotchedwa kuti njovu ya ku Asia). AAfirika nawonso, amagawika magawo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa equator (oyimira wamkulu ndi wamkulu mpaka 4.5m kutalika ndi matani 7 kulemera) ndi nkhalango (masamba ake ndi ochepa komanso achinyontho), omwe amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zotentha.

Ngakhale zilombo zomwe sizingafanane ndizomwe zimasiyanabe, zidasiyanabe ndizosiyanasiyana.

Ndiwosavuta kuyankha funso loti njovu ndiyani ikulu komanso yayikulu: Indian kapena African. Imene imakhala ku Africa: anthu amalemera matani 1.5-2, komanso okwera kwambiri. Njovu yachikazi yaku Asia ilibe malezala, chifukwa njovu za ku Africa ndi za anthu onse. Mitundu imasiyana pang'ono pakapangidwe ka thupi: ku Asia, kumbuyo kumakhala kofanana ndi mutu. Nyama zaku Africa zili ndi makutu akulu. Mitengo ikuluikulu ya zimphona zaku Africa ndiyoperewera. Mwachilengedwe, njovu yaku India imakonda kugwira ntchito zapakhomo, ndizosavuta kuti izitha kuthana ndi mzake waku Africa.

Mukadutsa African and Indian proboscis, mbewuyo imagwira ntchito, zomwe zimawonetsa kusiyana pamlingo wamtundu.

Kutalika kwa njovu kumadalira moyo, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi madzi okwanira. Amakhulupirira kuti njovu ya ku Africa imakhala motalikirapo kuposa inzake.

Omwe amatsogolera zimphona zamakono

Achibale akale a phenoscis adawonekera padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo, munthawi ya Paleocene. Pakadali pano, ma dinosaurs amayendabe padzikoli.

Asayansi apeza kuti oyimira woyamba amakhala kudera la Egypt yamakono ndipo amawoneka ngati tapir. Palinso lingaliro lina loti zimphona zomwe zilipo pakalipano zimachokera ku chiweto china chomwe chimakhala ku Africa ndi pafupifupi Europe yonse.

Kafukufuku yemwe akuwonetsa zaka zingapo zomwe njovu yakhala padziko lapansi pano imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa makolo ake.

Deinotherium. Anaonekera zaka pafupifupi 58 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo anatha zaka miliyoni 2,5 zapitazo. Kunja, anali ofanana ndi nyama zamakono, koma amadziwika chifukwa cha kakulidwe kakang'ono ndi thunthu lalifupi. Homphoterias. Anaonekera padziko lapansi zaka 37 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo anatha zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Ndi torso lawo adafanana ndi zimphona zazitali-zazitali, koma zokhala ndi zing'ono zazing'ono zinayi zopindika-pawiri-pawiri ndi awiriawiri, nsagwada. Nthawi inayake pakupanga mankhusu a nyama izi zidakula kwambiri. Mamutids (mastodons). Amawonekera zaka 10 miliyoni zapitazo. Anali ndi ubweya wakuda, nsapato zazitali ndi thunthu pamatupi awo. Amwalira zaka 18,000 zapitazo, atabadwa anthu akale. Mammoths. Oimira oyamba a njovu. Amawonekera kuchokera ku mastodons pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Amwalira zaka pafupifupi 10,000 zapitazo. Iwo anali atali kwambiri kuposa nyama zamakono, matupi awo anali okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali ndi lowonda, ndipo anali ndi timisili tambiri pansi.

Njovu za ku Africa ndi njovu ku India ndi okhawo amene amaimira dongosolo la proboscis padziko lapansi.

Kodi njovu zimakhala kuti?

Njovu ya ku Africa imakhala kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, kudera lamayiko ambiri a ku Africa: Congo, Zambia, Kenya, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan ndi ena. Nyengo yotentha kwambiri ya malo omwe njovu zimakhala, amakonda. Nthawi zambiri amasankha savannas, pomwe pali masamba okwanira ndipo mumatha kupeza madzi. Nyama sizilowa m'zipululu komanso m'nthawi yamvula.

Koma njovu yaku India, m'malo mwake, imakonda malo omwe ali ndi nkhalango ku India, Vietnam, Thailand, China, Laos ndi Sri Lanka. Amakhala momasuka pakati pa zitsamba zowirira komanso m'nkhalango za bamboo. Nthawi ina njovu yaku Asia ija idakhala pafupifupi m'chigawo chonse chakumwera kwa Asia, koma tsopano kuchuluka kwachepa.

Kodi njovu imakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Kutalika kwa njovu kutchire ndi kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi komweko komwe amakhala nayo kapena komwe amakhala m'malo osungira nyama. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta za malo omwe njovu zimakhala, zokhala ndi matenda komanso kuphedwa mwankhanza zimphona.

Asayansi akukangana kuti njovu yamtchire imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mosakayikira, zaka zingapo Njovu zimakhala, ndizomwe zimayambira nyama zomwe zimayamwa. Ma savannah aku Africa amakhala motalika kwambiri: mwa iwo pali anthu ena omwe zaka zawo zidafika zaka 80. Forest African proboscis mwanjira yochepera - zaka 65-70. Njovu yaku Asia panyumba kapena malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungirako nyama amatha kukhala zaka 55-60, zachilengedwe nyama zomwe zafika zaka 50 zimawonedwa ngati zaka zana.

Njovu zambiri zimakhala bwanji zimadalira chisamaliro cha nyamayo. Chinyama chovulala ndi kudwala sichitha kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Nthawi zina ngakhale kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa thunthu kapena phazi kumayambitsa imfa. Moyang'aniridwa ndi munthu, matenda ambiri amphona amathandizidwa mosavuta, omwe amatha kuwonjezera moyo.

Mwachilengedwe, nyama sizikhala ndi adani. Nyama zolusa zimangoyang'anira ana osochera okha komanso odwala.

Kodi njovu zimadya chiyani?

Monga herbivores, proboscis amatha maola oposa 15 patsiku kufunafuna chakudya. Kuti akhale ndi thupi lalikulu, ayenera kudya masamba 40 mpaka 400 kg patsiku.

Zomwe njovu zimadya mwachindunji zimadalira malo omwe zimakhala: zimatha kukhala udzu, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono. Chitsamba cha njovu chimakunkha ndi kupita nacho kukamwa, pomwe chakudyacho chimakhala pansi.

Akapolo, njovu imadya udzu (mpaka 20 makilogalamu patsiku), masamba, makamaka amakonda kaloti ndi kabichi, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ndi tirigu.

Nthawi zina nyama zamtchire zimayendayenda m'minda ya anthu akumaloko ndipo zimakonda kudya chimanga, bango, ndi mbewu za tirigu.

Moyo wa njovu

Nyama ndizachikhalidwe kwambiri: ndizogwirizana pakati, zoweta ndi zachikale komanso zodziwa kwambiri akazi. Amapita ndi abale ake kumalo akudya, amakhala mwamtendere.

Asayansi afika pamalingaliro osangalatsa. Anthu onse ndi abale. Monga lamulo, awa ndi akazi achimuna ndi osakhwima. Anyamata akuluakulu amasiya mabanja awo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala okha kapena kucheza ndi anzawo. Amapita kwa abusa pokhapokha akafuna kuyamba kubereka ana atamuitana.

Nyama, chibadwa cha banja chimakulitsidwa kwambiri: iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lofunika kuchita. Banja lonse likugwira ntchito yolera ana. Njovu zikafuna kuukira, njovu zimazungulira mphete yowongoka ndikuthamangitsa adani. Tsoka ilo, kuti njovu imakhala zaka zingati zimadalira kaya banja lidatha kusunga mbadwa zake zonse. Ana nthawi zambiri amafa ndi matenda, zofooka, ndi kuukiridwa ndi adani (mikango, nyalugwe, mafisi, ng'ona).

Kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo, zimphona zimafunikira madzi ambiri. Amatha kumwa mpaka malita 200 patsiku, nyama zimayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Nthawi zowuma, amatha kukumba zitsime, zomwe sizimadzipulumutsa zokha, komanso nyama zina zambiri.

Zinyama zazikulu njovu ndi nyama zamtendere kwambiri. Kuukira kwawo nyama zina ndizosowa kwambiri. Amatha kuvutika ndi iwo pokhapokha zimphona zitawopa ndi chinthu chomwe chimapondaponda omwe adawagwera.

Asanamwalire, nyama zakale zimapita kumalo ena, "manda a njovu", pomwe achibale ambiri adamwalira, ndipo amakhala masiku awo omaliza kumeneko. Ena onse m'banjamo adawaperekeza ndikuwakhudza kwambiri.

Kuswana kwa njovu

Nyama zimakhwima panjira zosiyanasiyana: Amuna azaka zapakati pa 14 ndi 15, akazi - 12-13.

Akazi angapo amabwera kudzaitana chachikazi ndi fungo lake, nthawi zina amakangana, pomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi amuna ati omwe atsala. Njovu imayang'anira opemphawo ndipo itatha nkhondoyi itatha ndi wopambana. Kuswana kwa njovu kumachitika patali ndi gulu la ng'ombe, pambuyo pake awiriwa amatha kuyenda limodzi kwa masiku angapo. Kenako mwamunayo amachoka, ndipo mkaziyo amabwerera ku banja lake.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ndi njovu zingati zomwe zili ndi pakati. Njovu zimanyamula ana awo motalika: miyezi 22-24. M'badwo wachikondwerero cha njovu amawerengedwa kuyambira nthawi yokwanira kukhwima. Akazi oyembekezera amakhala ndi gulu lawo, ndipo amuna samawonekera pafupi.

Poyerekeza ndi zolengedwa zina, mayi akakhala ndi pakati amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali: amakhala ndi ana pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa zazimayi nthawi zina sizimalola kuti azindikire malo awo osangalatsa, chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa njovu zomwe zimakhala zikunyamula ana awo kuyambira nthawi yoyamba kukhwima.

Mimba ya njovu nthawi zambiri imatha ndikubadwa kwa njovu imodzi, nthawi zambiri njovu ziwiri zomwe zimalemera wina. Mayi woyembekezerayo amasiya ng'ombe, limodzi ndi mayi wodziwa zambiri, ndikubala mwana yemwe amatha kuyimirira ndi kuyamwa mkaka patatha maola awiri ndi atatu. Mayi wongotuluka kumene amabwerera ku gulu lake ndi njovu yokhala mchira wake.

Njovu yamphongo imakhala zaka zingati imakhala m'gulu la nkhuku imadziwika ndi nthawi yakutha msinkhu. Amuna achichepere amasiya mabanja ndikukhala okha. Koma zazikazi zimakhalabe m'gululo mpaka masiku awo atha.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza njovu

Pakati pa njovu, monga pakati pa anthu, pali anthu akumanzere ndi anthu akumanja. Mutha kumvetsetsa izi kuchokera ku ma ntchofu: nthcito ikakhala nthawi yayitali mbali yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Nyama zazikuluzi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'manja mwa mayiko (Kongo, India). Chithunzi cha chimphona chachikulu chinalinso chovala cha banja la agogo aamuna otchuka a A.S. Pushkin, a Abram Hannibal. Njovu ndi zaluso kwambiri pamtengo wawo moti zimatha kutola chinthu chaching'ono kapena chosalimba pansi kuti chisawononge. Ndi thunthu lomwelo, amatsitsa mtengo wokhadzulidwa pamalo abwino. Zimphona zina zimapaka zithunzi zomwe zimakhala zodula kwambiri. Kuvulala kwa thunthu nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa nyama. Njovu zimakonda kusambira komanso kusambira mwachangu mokwanira. Kuthamanga kwa chizolowezi chimodzimodzi pakuyenda ndi 4-5 km / h, koma kuthamanga kumayamba kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h. Nkhani yomwe njovu zimawopa mbewa ndi nthano chabe. Zovala sizimapanga mabowo m'miyendo, ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kudya chimphona kuchokera mkati. Koma nyama sizingakhudze chakudya ngati mbewa zitha kugwira. Chifukwa chake, kunena kuti njovu zikuopa mbewa zolakwika, m'malo mwake zimanyoza.

M'mayiko ena, nyama izi zimawonedwa kuti ndizopatulika. Ngakhale chilango chakupha chimalangidwa chifukwa cha kupha.

Ochokera kwa zimphona zakale

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha njovu imabwerera kalekale, pomwe kuzizira kwakukulu kunali kuyandikira pang'onopang'ono padziko lapansi. Ngati mukukhulupirira kafukufuku waposachedwa, njovu zoyambirira-zidabadwa zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Zinali zolakwika mwabadwa - kusinthika komwe kunagawanitsa ma mastodon kukhala mitundu iwiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, zaka zambiri, njovu-ngati zidatsatira chisinthiko. Adapanga magulu atatu osiyana. Mwamwayi njovu, njovu zaku India ndi ku Africa. Woyamba, mwatsoka, sanakhalepo mpaka lero. Koma enawo awiri tsopano akuyenda kudera lomwe timazolowera. Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikuti m'zaka zonsezi sizinasinthe kwenikweni.

Njovu yaku India ndi ku Africa: wamkulu ndani?

Kalelo m'zaka 100 zapitazi, asayansi anali ndi chidaliro kuti njovu zonse ndi zofanana, mosasamala kanthu dera lomwe akukhala. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri watsimikizira kuti izi sizowona. M'malo mwake, njovu yayikulu kwambiri ndi ya ku Africa. Nyama yochokera ku Black Africa imagwira wachibale wake waku Asia komanso yakulemera.

Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti njovu ya ku Africa imagawidwanso m'magulu awiri: savannah ndi nkhalango. Pankhaniyi, yoyamba ndi yayikulu. Ndiye kuti njovu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya ku Africa. Ndiye mwini wake dzina loti "nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi."

Ziwerengero zochepa: kodi njovu wamkulu imalemera zochuluka motani?

Tikuyamba, mwina, ndi woimira ang'ono kwambiri a banja la njovu - Mmwenye, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, njovu yaku Asia. Nyamayi imakhala ku Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand, India, Vietnam ndi China. Pafupifupi, amuna amtunduwu amakula mpaka 2.5-3 m kutalika, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumachokera ku matani 4.0-4,5. Akazi ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa abambo awo - samakonda kupitirira 2.4 m ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 2-2,5 tani.

Njovu ya ku Africa kuno ili m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi wachibale wawo waku India. Izi ndizowona makamaka momwe ziliri. Chifukwa chake, abambo amtunduwu amakula mpaka 3 m kutalika, komabe, masiku ano simumawawona anthu okhala ndi tsitsi lamphamvu chotere. Pafupipafupi, njovu zamtchire zimafika 2.6 m, ndipo zolemera zake zimachokera ku matani 2,5-3. Akazi amakhala ndi miyambo yofanana ndipo amakhala otsika pang'ono kwa abambo awo.

Ponena za mabanjawo a savannah, ndiye kuti iye ndi njovu wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zimphona izi zimatha kukula mpaka 4 metres, ndipo kulemera kwake kwakukulu kumasiyana pakati pa matani 5-6. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumafika mamita 6-7. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi, monga mitundu ina, ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa abambo awo.

Njovu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi: ndi ndani?

Ngati mukukhulupirira zakale, wamkulu kwambiri anali njovu, wogwidwa ndi asaka ku Angola m'zaka za zana la 19. Kulemera kwake kunali kochepera poyerekeza ndi matani 12.5, ndipo tinthu chilichonse tinkalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 50. Komabe, potengera malire a zomwe zachitikazo, ndizovuta kunena kuti izi zidali zoona.

Koma zambiri zikusonyeza kuti njovu yayikulu kwambiri ndi Yoshi. Limenelo ndilo dzina la chimphona cha zaka 32 zaku Africa zokhala mu Safari Park pafupi ndi mzinda wa Romat Gan. Kulemera kwa nyamayi ndi matani 6, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 3.7 metres. Nthawi yomweyo, njovu idakali yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti Yosi adzakulabe m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za njovu

Ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti:

• Njovu yayikulu kwambiri ku India idawomberedwa mu 1924. Kulemera kwake kunali matani 8 ndipo kutalika kwake kudali 3.35 m.
• Pokhala ndi miyendo yolimba, njovu ndi nyama yokhayo padziko lapansi yomwe siyitha kudumpha.
• Patsiku limodzi, bambo wamkulu amatha kudya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 200 a zakudya zamasamba ndikumwa malita 300 amadzi.
• Njovu sizimangokhala pamapewa kapena pakama. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama izi zimagona chilili, ndipo njovu zazing'ono zokha ndizomwe zimatha kugona pambali zawo.
• Ngakhale njewu ilili ndi gawo lalikulu chotere, njovu imathamanga liwiro la 40 km / h. Akuthamanga, amaphwanya khoma la njerwa, ndipo ngati zingatheke, adzapondaponda amene abwera pansi pa mapazi ake.

Njovu zaku Asia

Mitundu itatu ya njovu zomwe zimakhala ku Asia ndizodziwika - Sri Lankan, India, Sumatran. Mwa anthu aku Sri Lankan, wotchuka kwambiri ndi njovu yotalika 3.5 m ndi kulemera kwa matani 5.5. Amakhala pachilumba chomwe amadziwika. Njovu ya ku India siachilendo, mutha kukumana nayo ku mayiko aliwonse a ku Asia. Zisale zopitilira 5. Sumatran yaying'ono kwambiri - kutalika ndi 2.5 m, ndi kulemera - matani atatu.

Njovu ya ku Africa

Izi ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya njovu zaku Africa - savannah ndi nkhalango. Oyamba aiwo amatha kulemera mpaka matani asanu ndi atatu ndikukula mpaka mamita anayi, otsiriza otsika kwa iwo mu magawo awo - osaposa matani asanu ndi mamita atatu okula. Izi ndi nyama zokondweretsa kwambiri; ndewu ndi mikangano sizimangobwera pakati pa abale. Nthawi zambiri amakhala mu gulu lalikulu limodzi, kusamalira ana, osasiya odwala pamavuto. Nthawi yakukhwima, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa testosterone, njovu zimatha kukhala zolusa, ndipo nthawi imeneyi yokha ndi yomwe njovu imodzi ingavulaze mnzake wina wamtundu wake. Ubale ndi akazi ndiwofatsa - atayang'ana okwatirana, njovu zimachotsedwa patali pang'ono kuchokera pamenepo ndipo, kutali ndi maso odula, zimakhazikika m'makola awiri.

Mpaka njovu zimakhala ndi zaka zisanu, zimakhala m'manja mwa mayi wawo, atakwanitsa zaka 15, njovu imakula. M'masamba a njovu zazing'ono, mikango ili pachiwopsezo - mikango. Imodzi mwa njovu zazikulu kwambiri imatha kudya ma 100 kg a udzu - nthawi zambiri zinthu zabwinozi zimayambitsa kufa kwa zitsamba ndi mitengo. Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa malo obiriwira kunalola kuwombera kwa nyama zazikuluzikuluzi. Moyo wamba wa chimphona chachikulu cha ku Africa ndi zaka 60-70. Mosiyana ndi anzawo aku India, a ku Africa ndiophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri.

Njovu yoshi

Njovu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi imakhala ku Safari Zoo, ku Israel. Adafika pamsika wolemekezeka kwambiri - ali ndi zaka 32, koma akupitiliza kukula ndipo akuvutika kale kulowa m'makomo omwe amapita kubwalo - kuti awagonjetse, njovu imayenera kugona - njira iyi yokha ndiyomwe ingayende. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ndalama zodabwitsazi zimangopindulitsa nyama. Njovu yotchedwa Yoshi yakhala yayitali kwambiri pakati pa njovu zomwe idakhalako nthawiyo. Tsopano kutalika kwake ndi mamita 3.7. Ukulemera kwake ndi matani 6, mchira wa njovu ndi mita imodzi, thunthu ndi mamita 2.5, ndipo makutu ake = 1,2 mita. Malinga ndikuganiza, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula zimagona mu majini. Chofunikira ndi chakudya chathunthu.

Kuyambira kale, anthu adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njovu pantchito yayikulu - kunyamula katundu wolemera, anthu. Mobwerezabwereza adachita nawo ziwonetsero zamagazi. Koma simuyenera kunyamula mtolo wolemera mopambanitsa - njovu siimphamvu zonse ndipo singathe kunyamula katundu woposa kotala lake.