Lycaena Icarus ndi gulugufe wam'madzi, woimira banja Lycaenidae, yemwe samadziwika kokha agulugufe, komanso tizilombo tina, mtundu wamtambo wamtambo.
Icarus - gulugufe waung'ono - mapiko ake amafika 25-35 mm. Amunawa amadziwika ndi mapiko abuluu omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa chingwe chakuda, ndipo malaya aakaziyo sagwirizana ndi dzina loti "Lycaenidae" - mapiko ake ndi a bulauni ndipo amakhala ndi duwa la buluu kokha pamunsi pa mapiko, m'mphepete mwa mapiko ali ndi mabowo ofiira. Gawo lam'munsi la mapiko a akazi onse ndi la utoto ndipo limakhala ndi malo ambiri akuda ocular. Mtundu wa gulugufe wamtunduwu, miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi pang'ono kuposa ena onse.
Kukhazikika kwa tizilombo ndi dziko lonse la Eurasia, kupatula zilumba zachi Japan, chifukwa chake, ku Russia, Icarus lycaenidae ndi yofalikira ku gawo la ku Europe komanso ku Asia (Far East, Siberia).
Anthu a ku Lycaenidae ndi odzipereka posankha malo okhala. Amatha kupezeka pamiyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma glade, zoyeretsa, m'mphepete, misewu yotalikirana ya misewu yayitali ndi njanji, malo opanda anthu, minda, mapaki ngakhale m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono amatauni. Kuchokera pamenepa izi zimapangitsa kuti aliyense wa alendo aliwonse osungirako malo aku Moscow ali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi gulugufe wamtengowu. Kummwera kadzikoli, agulugufe a Icara amayala "alfalfa" wokhala ndi "carpet". Gulugufe amadyera timadzi tokoma tambiri tokhala ngati mandimu (melilot, gorse, etc.).
Kutengera ndi kutalika, imatha kukulira m'mibadwo 2-3. Kum'mwera zigawo, mwachitsanzo, mu gawo la steppe la Ukraine komanso ku Crimea, chitukuko cha m'badwo wachinayi ndichothekanso. Kummwera kwa Eastern Europe mutha kupeza akuluakulu pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi amaikira dzira limodzi kumtunda kwamasamba a masamba a herbaceous, lomwe amadyetsa, koma nthawi zina pamiyendo ya masamba achichepere kapena pamwamba pa tsinde. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimasankha mbewu zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi anthill. Ngati nyengo ndiyabwino, ndiye kuti patatha pafupifupi sabata pambuyo pake mphutsi zazing'ono zimatuluka. Amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mtundu (wobiriwira wokhala ndi chingwe chachikaso kumbuyo) komanso mawonekedwe ake achilendo (kutembenuka mwamphamvu kumbuyo ndi pamimba, monga ntchentche yamatabwa). Nthochi zimakhalanso chakudya kwa iwo, koma osati timadzi tating'ono, koma masamba, popeza mbozi, mosiyana ndi agulugufe, zimakhala ndi zida zam'milomo zoluma.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti, mbozi zazing'onozo "zosisidwa", zitakutidwa masamba oyambawo, zimatsika pang'ono ndipo ndi "abwenzi" ndi nyerere. Amatha kukhala kwanthawi yayitali pafupi ndi iwo - pa udzu womwe uli pafupi ndi anthill, pomwe amakhala limodzi mwamtendere komanso ngakhale akukumana ndi mitundu yawo yambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbadwo wotsiriza umagona nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri, pupae. Monga malo okonzera nyengo yachisanu, amasankha zimayambira, malo pamunsi pazomera kapena zinyalala. Nthawi zambiri nyerere "zimathandizira" gulugufe wamtsogolo pobweretsa pupa wake mu "zipinda zofunda" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ming'alu ndi malo ena okhala pansi.
Gulugufeyu amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi munthu, chifukwa amabweretsa zabwino zambiri zachilengedwe, pokhala pollinator wa maluwa ambiri azomera zam'mera zotere.
Kuti mupeze mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi za anthu ena okhala m'mapaki aku Moscow, onani gawo la Zinyama.
Maonekedwe agulugufe
Kukula, agulugufe awa nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu. Amakhala ndi mapiko amtundu wa buluu osowa.
Kunja, mitundu yonse ya ma lycaenidae ndi ofanana, koma imasiyana m'matumbo a mapiko.
Gulugufe wa Gulugufe Lycaenidae (Lycaenidae).
Mitundu ya kugonana imafotokozedwa momveka bwino, izi zimawonekera kwambiri pakupanga mapiko - Amuna amakhala ndi ma toni amitundu yambiri.
Mapiko a mitundu yambiri samapitirira mamilimita 40, pomwe mitundu yotentha imafika mpaka mamilimita 60. Mapiko a fomu yotakata, pamapiko akumbuyo “kamchira” kakang'ono nthawi zina kumaonekera.
Mtundu wabuluu wamapiko a akazi sutchulidwa ngati waimuna.
Maso a Lycaenidae chowulungika ndi notch, tsitsi. Zing'ono, motero sangawope owopsa. Koma a Lycaenidae amagwiritsa ntchito maso awo kuti asawopseze mbalameyo, koma kuti imasokoneze. Ma lycaenite ena pansi pa mapiko ali ndi mitu yawo "yokokedwa". Mbalame ikatulutsa gulugufe mumutuwu, imangokhala ndi gawo la phiko, ndipo gulugufe amatha kubisala. Palps yochepa, ndi antennae kalabu woboola pakati. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yayifupi kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo ndi pakati, ali ndi chovala chimodzi. Mawonekedwe amphongo amphongo amakwiririka, sagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda, ndipo mwa akazi miyendo yonse imapangidwa bwino.
Mawonekedwe a Lycaena Caterpillars
Mbozi za agulugufewa ndi mycelium-ngati, lathyathyathya m'munsi, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndiwowonekera. Thupi limakhala lalifupi komanso mutu ndi wochepa. Kutalika kwa njanji sikupitirira mamilimita 20.
Amakhala pa tchire ndi mitengo. Amphaka amakhala moyo wawekha. Chifukwa cha matupi awo komanso maonekedwe awo okhala ndi mikwingwirima, amakhala osawoneka pamasamba azomera zopangira chakudya. Mbozi zambiri za ku Lycaenidae zimadya nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs ndi nyama zina zokhala ndi mapiko; Mitundu ina imayimira nyerere, imakhazikika pazomera pafupi ndi anthill, ndipo ma pupae awo amakula zisa za nyerere.
Gawo lam'munsi lamapiko a ku Lycaena limatha kuzimiririka.
Lycaena pupae sangathe kupumira pansi, komanso imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nthambi ndi masamba okhala ndi kangaude. Pul mchira wa plum ndi wofanana ndi zitosi za mbalame, kotero sizikhala zosaoneka. Ndipo ngati musokoneza phokoso la mchira wa oak, limapanga phokoso lowopsa. Pupae wa mabulosi akuda ndi ofanana ndi chrysalis zosaoneka bwino za ladybugs.
Myrmecophilia Lycaenidae
Pafupifupi theka la akazi amasiye a ku Lycaenidae mu chitukuko ali okhudzana ndi nyerere. Makungu ndi lycaena pupae ali ndi mphamvu zamankhwala komanso zamatsenga zomwe zimawalola kuwongolera machitidwe a nyerere. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi okoma amamasulidwa ku matupi a mbozi, zomwe zimakopa nyerere.
Gulugufe wa Gulugufe Lycaena - kukongola kwenikweni kwamapiko.
Mitundu yambiri ya Lycaenidae imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nyerere zazodyera. Mwachitsanzo, mbozi za Alcone lycaenidae zimakhala mkati mwamaluwa pafupifupi milungu itatu, kenako zimatsikira pansi ndi ulusi wa silika. Padziko lapansi, amadikirira mpaka atapezeka mwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyerere ndikuyamba nawo pa anthill. Mkati mwa anthill, mbozi zimabisala ndipo zimadya pupae ndi mphutsi. Pipation imachitika mu anthill, patatha mwezi umodzi gulugufe amatuluka pupa, amene amasiya anthill.
Mitundu yambiri ya ma lycaenidae imangopezeka zisa za mitundu ina ya nyerere, koma ma alkon amatha kukhazikika m'malo amtundu uliwonse wa nyerere zomwe zili pafupi.
Khalidwe la Lycaenidae
Njenjete za lycaenidae zimayesetsa kutenga gawo lawolawo. Amakhala pamakona amitengo omwe amakhala m'malo okwezeka, ndipo kuchokera ku ziwembu zawo amayendetsa amuna ena onse. Nthawi zina amatha kuukira agulugufe ena, ma hummingbird ngakhale mavu.
M'dziko lathuli mumakhala zifanizo za polyommatus, zomwe mapiko ake amafikira masentimita 3.5. Amapereka mibadwo iwiri pachaka. Makabati a agulugufewa amakonda clover. Agulugufe okongola amenewa amakhala ku Russia konsekonse.
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