Carp sichina koma mawonekedwe wamba a carp. Amasiyana ndi masikelo amdima, komanso thupi lonse komanso kusintha kosinthika kuyambira kumbuyo kumutu. Carp carp ndiyodabwitsa modabwitsa, yolimba komanso yolimba.

Mpaka pano, mitundu itatu yaikidwa, limodzi ndi mitundu ingapo, ya carp carp. Chodziwika kwambiri cha iwo ndi scaly carp. Kuphatikiza apo palinso maliseche a carp.

Mtundu wa carp wapamwamba umakhala ndi thupi lofiirira, lalitali kapena lofiirira (kutengera malowa), lomwe limakutidwa ndi msuzi waukulu, wosalala, wonyezimira wagolide. Ili ndi mutu waukulu, milomo yayikulu, yopanda minofu, pamwamba pake pomwe pali magulu awiri a tinyanga tantchito.

Carp yagalasi imasiyanitsidwa ndi sikelo yayikulu, yopanda kolakwika. Ma subspecies ena alibe. Kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russian Federation hybrids a Galician korop okhala ndi Amur carp amapezeka nthawi zambiri.

Madziwe ambiri amtunduwu amakhala ndi matupi a carp omwe amakhala ndi carp. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi anzawo ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono. Ngakhale atakula.

About malo okhala ndi carp

Carp amakhala m'malo osungira aliwonse okhala ndi mpweya wabwino - mitsinje, nyanja, malo osungira, njira zingapo, miyala, etc. Komanso, madzi amatha kuyenda kapena kuyimirira. (Carp yodziwika imangokhala m'madzi othamanga). Apa amayesera kutenga madera otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa mpaka akuya mita 5. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi malo okhala ndi dongo kapena pansi penapake pomwe pali dothi komanso masamba ambiri. Chifukwa chake nsomba zopambana kwambiri pa carp zimayembekezeredwa m'malo oterowo. Munthawi yachilimwe, masango ake nthawi zambiri amawonedwa m'malo omwe ali ndi magetsi ambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti akutuluka kuno kukafunafuna chakudya.

Anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'matanthwe osaya, mabatani osaya kapena oyambira. Pano amakhala ndi nthawi yozizira.

Carp amakhala nthawi yozizira pansi pa mabowo akuya mpaka 10 mita. Munthawi imeneyi, machitidwe onse a moyo omwe amapezeka mthupi lake, kusiya ntchito zawo, thupi limakwirira chimwala chambiri (chomwe chimateteza) kuzizira. Kupumira kumachepa, ndipo carp imayamba kulowa.

Carp kufalikira

Ndikayamba masiku oyambira masika, madziwo akayamba kutentha + mpaka 15 ° C, carp imasiya nthawi yake yozizira ndikupita kudera lamadzi. Pambuyo pofupikitsa nyengo ya zhor ikayamba. Wopanga Carp amayamba ulendo wake kupita kumalo omwe amakhala, omwe nthawi zina amakhala, kutali ndi malo achisanu. Komabe, izi sizimamvutitsa. Carp ndi wolimba kwambiri. Akamadutsa pamtunda wotseguka, amapambana zopinga zazikulu: zaploty zazitali, zopanira zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, komanso madamu ang'onoang'ono.

Carp imamera pang'ono. Choyamba, malo owerengeka amakhala ndi anthu ochepa, kenako ochepa, ndipo, pamapeto pake, otsogola. Chirengedwe chimakhala pafupifupi masiku 10 kuti oimira gulu lililonse azikhala, choncho ntchito yonseyo imayenera kutha mwezi usanathe.

Carp yamtsinjewo umasankha madzi osungira okha kuti athe kuwaza. Wachibale wapadziwe samachita izi. Itha kupezeka muntunda wa mabango, m'malo omwe muli ndi chithaphwi, burashi, stumps zosiyanasiyana, zigawo, etc.

Momwe carp imakhalira pansi pa madzi

Musanagwire nyama yam'mimba, sizingakhale zowoneka bwino kuti aphunzire momwe amachitira. Zimatengera kwathunthu magawo amderalo. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera zigawo, carp pafupifupi hibernate, akupitilirabe kudya pafupifupi chaka chonse. Koma munthu wochokera kumpoto kapena pakati pa dzikolo amagwera mkati mwake pambuyo pa chisanu choyambirira cha nyengo yophukira osadya mpaka masika. Chifukwa cha izi, nsomba zam'mwera zimamera mwachangu ndipo zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso zolemera.

Carp amakhala mu paketi. Zowona, mosiyana ndi bream yomweyo, iwo si ochuluka. Monga lamulo, anthu angapo. Magulu a mitembo amasunthira zingwe zazitali. Kampani imodzimodzi imatha kukhala anthu amafuta osiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zazikulu zimakonda kukhala kwayekha.

Kuyika nyengo yachisanu kwa Carp kumachitika limodzi ndi mpikisano wamkulu wa chakudya - catfish. Ngwazi yathu siyisiyanso chosankha china. Kupatula apo, mphakayu amabisala m'mbuyomu, ndikumakhala m'maenje abwino kwambiri. Carp, komabe, alibe chisankho koma kugona pansi pamwamba pa mdani wake.

Zakudya za carp

Ngakhale nsomba za carp ndi zamphamvu, amakonda zakudya zam'mera kuposa nyama.

Pafupifupi pakati pa chilimwe, pomwe mphukira za mabango zimayamba kulimba, zakudya zamatumbo zimadzalanso ndi mphutsi, tizilombo, mphutsi, ndi zina zambiri. Anthu ambiri amadyera nsomba zazinkhanira zina. Carp amadya kuzungulira nthawi. Ndi kumayambiriro kwamdima, nthawi zambiri amapita kukaona malo osaya kapena mabango a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuwonekera kuno madzulo ndikuchoka m'malo awa ndikuwoneka ngati dzuwa. Musanagwire carp, muyenera kudziwa zonsezi.

Kuphatikiza pa mbewu ndi chakudya cha nyama, carp nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kudya ana awo. Anthu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenereranso kukhala olusa, osaka nsomba zazikulu. Chifukwa cha izi, carp yamtendere nthawi zambiri imakhala chinthu choyambitsa kupota.

Carp chakudya

Zakudya za carp ndizosiyanasiyana. Amatha kudya zonse zam'mera ndi zanyama. Amadyetsa makamaka m'mawa, madzulo ndi usiku. Nthawi zambiri amadya masana. Pofufuza chakudya, imatha kubwera pagombe, kapena m'malo osaya achisungiko. Kudyetsa carp kumaphatikizira mphukira za bango, pansi pamimba, mphutsi, mphutsi, crustaceans yaying'ono pa molting, leeches. Carp imagwidwa pachilichonse - buledi, nyongolotsi, nkhono, mtanda, barele, chimanga, nandolo. Komanso, posachedwapa agwidwa ndi ma boilies. Amadyetsa kwambiri asanatulutse komanso pambuyo pake (nyengo yachisanu isanayambe). Carp yozizira m'matumba mabowo. Mwambiri, carp, kuphatikiza nyengo yachisanu, imadya kwambiri nthawi zonse, osachita chilichonse chomwe chimatchedwa "nkhumba ya pansi pa madzi." Amadyetsedwa pafupipafupi ndipo amakula mwachangu; mchaka imatha kufikira kilogalamu imodzi.

Nyengo ya usodzi wa Carp

Mutha kuwona za nyengo za usodzi wa carp ndi zochitika zake kuluma patsamba lina la polojekiti yathu nsomba za carp kapena m'nkhaniyo:

Kusodza kwa Carp kumayamba pakati pa kasupe, sabata ndi theka atatulutsa, pomwe dzuwa limatentha madziwo kufika + 16 ° C. Pambuyo pake izi zisanachitike, amawonjezera zochitika zake pang'onopang'ono. Dziwe likayamba kale kutentha, ndipo izi zimachitika patatha masiku 3-5, kutengera kuchuluka kwake ndi kuya kwake, kuwedza kumakhala kokhazikika. Ngati nthawi yozizira idakutidwa ndi ayezi wosungika, simungathe kulota nsomba zabwino pano. Kusowa kwa mpweya kumakhudza. Koma musataye mtima. Pakatha masiku 15 - 20, nsomba zimayambiranso ntchito zake zakale.

Kuluma kwambiri kwa carp kumawonedwa m'malo omwe akuya pafupifupi mita 2. Kuti usodzi ukhale wopambana, muyenera kuyang'anira dziwe mosamala. Mutayambiranso, mutha kuzindikira madera ambiri omwe ngwazi yathu imakonda kusewera.

Chapakatikati, makamaka mukatamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo yodzadza ndi mapuloteni. Kubowola koopsa kwambiri kumadziwika m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kusodza kwa Carp kumayenda bwino kwambiri nyengo yabwino. Zimawonjezera mwayi wogwira bwino.

Nthawi yosodza ikubwera pomwe nyengo yozizira imayamba. Imabwera pakatikati kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Zonse zimatengera dera. Werengani nkhani yotsatirayi - njira zowedza nsomba. Mmenemo muphunzira njira zonse zodziwika za usodzi.

Werengani mafotokozedwe a nsomba zamtendere komanso zodya zamasamba patsamba la Ribalka-vsem.ru. Onani makanema osangalatsa komanso othandiza kuchokera ku usodzi ndi tchuthi. Lembetsani patsamba lathu pamasamba ochezera.

Malo abwino ogulitsa pa intaneti amakulolani kuti mugule katundu aliyense wogulitsa pa mitengo yampikisano!

Titsatireni malo ochezera - kudzera mwa iwo timafalitsa zambiri zosangalatsa, zithunzi ndi makanema.

Magawo otchuka amtsambali:

Kalendala ya asodzi imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe nsomba zonse zimayendera, kutengera nthawi ya chaka ndi mwezi.

Tsamba lolimbana ndi usodzi likufotokozerani zambiri zamayendedwe asodzi otchuka ndi magiya.

Nozzles posodza - timafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wokhala, chomera, wochita kupanga komanso wosazolowereka.

Munkhani ya nyambo, mudzadziwana ndi mitundu yayikulu, komanso njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ake.

Pezani nsomba zonse zofunika kuti mukhale msodzi weniweni ndi kuphunzira momwe mungasankhire yoyenera.

Maonekedwe a Carp

Ambiri, inde, amadziwa momwe nsomba zamkati zimawonekera. Izi nsomba ndizokongola ngakhale kugwidwa. Ndizosavuta kulingalira momwe ziliri zabwino chilengedwe chake.

Chachikulu, chokhala ndi thupi lotalika pang'ono komanso lolemera, lophimbidwa, ngati zida, ndi mamba osalala komanso owala, nsomba izi zimatha kusintha mtundu wake kutengera malo omwe zimakhala. Koma kumbuyo kwake nthawi zonse kumakhala koipa kuposa mbali.

Chithunzi cha nsomba chikuwonetsa kuti mutu wa carp ndi wamkulu, milomo yolemekezeka ndi yokongoletsedwa ndi masharubu.

Zindikirani!

M'nyengo yozizira, carp amatsika kuyambira pakuya kwake pafupifupi mamita 10, amapeza mabowo akuya ndikuzibisamo, atakutidwa ndi ntchofu wakuda kwambiri. Amasiya kudya, samakonda kupuma.

Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, madzi akayamba kutenthe pang'ono, osachepera kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo kumene mtembo umachoka kwawo nthawi yachisanu.

Kutha kwa Carp kumachitika akafika zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu.

Mitembo imapezeka m'madzi osaya, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pamtunda, pamtunda wa madigiri 18. Zofalikira zake zili m'magulu, ndiko kuti, zimasungidwa m'magulu momwe amuna atatu nthawi zambiri amayenda ndi wamkazi. Pambuyo umuna, caviar imakhazikika m'masiku atatu kapena anayi.

Mwachangu komanso achichepere amatsogolera gulu lokhala ndi gulu, kusuntha magulu. Kenako ziweto zimagwera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pomaliza, nsomba iliyonse imayamba kusambira komanso kudya yokha.

Ma carps samasamukira; nthawi zonse amakonda kukhala m'malo okhazikika, odziwika.

Zakudya za carp

Nsomba iyi ndi yopanda pake, komanso, imadyetsa pafupifupi, kudya mphukira zamadzi am'madzi, ma mollusks, mazira, nsomba ndi chule tizilombo, leeches.

Nyengo yozizira itatha, mbewu zimakonda kudya nyama ya nyama, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira zimasinthiratu chakudya chamanyama.

Carp Zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu yachilengedwe ya carp yodziwika bwino, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya nsomba idadulidwa. Za iwo, mwachitsanzo,

• kalilole kapena king carp - nsomba yokhala ndi masikelo ochepa kwambiri
• nyama yamoto yokhala ndi khungu lopanda mawonekedwe,
• carp koi - nsomba zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, agolide kapena ofiira, olimba kapena opindika.

Zosangalatsa

• Kulemera kwa matupi a nyama m'chilengedwe kumatha kufika 20 kg, ndipo kutalika kumafika mita.
• Nkhani yokhala ndi moyo wautali (zaka zopitilira 100) za nsomba iyi (mu dziwe lanyumba) imadziwika.
• Carps imaphwasula maphokoso am'mphepete mwa mitsinje kotero kuti kusweka kumapangitsa anthu kudabwitsidwa pagombe.
• Ku Australia, komwe kunabweletsa carp wamba, mitsinje yodzala ndi madzi monga mitundu yowopsa.

Chidziwitso chofunikira pa kuphika carp

Carp amatanthauza nsomba zomwe makhalidwe ake amakoma satsutsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali maphikidwe ambiri ophikira nsomba.

Koma, monga nsomba yamadzi aliwonse oyera, makamaka okhala m'madzi osasinthika kapena osagwira ntchito, carp imapeza zinthu zingapo zachifaniziro ndi zopatsa mphamvu m'thupi lake pa moyo wake wonse. Makamaka majeremusi ambiri (mphutsi), m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo - kuyambira mazira kupita mphutsi zokhwima, kudziunjikira m'misempha ya nsomba komanso m'mafilimu omwe amaphimba mkati.

Ngati nsomba sizikonzedwa bwino, kuukira kwa helminthic, matenda oopsa a parasitiki, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osachiritsika, sangapewe.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa bwino nsombayo, kutsuka mkati mwa m'mimba kutulutsidwa m'mimba, ndikuyambitsa filimu yotsekera, ndikuwonetsa nsomba kuti ichotse mankhwalawo.

Chiyambi

Pali lingaliro lokhazikika lomwe limanenedweratu kuti nsomba yokhala ngati carp siinali yoyambirira, yopangidwa mwachilengedwe, wokhala m'madzi apansi panthaka komanso madzi opanda madzi. Modabwitsa, akuwoneka kuti ndi ntchito yopanda zovuta yokhudzana ndi kubisala kwa carp yakuthengo, nyumba ya makolo yomwe kum'mwera kwa China ndi Caspian. Izi ndizolakwika. Carp yamtchire nthawi zonse inali ndi mitundu ya mitsinje ndi nyanja, yomwe inali yosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Nsombazo, zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri nthawi yayitali, zinali ndi thupi ngati lamchenga komanso lalitali. Mitembo yomweyo, yomwe idagwera modekha komanso yokhala ndi malo ambiri osungirako zakudya zazikuluzambiri, zidalemera msanga, zidakula ndikukula.

Ndilo mitundu yam'nyanjayi, yomwe m'mbuyomu idazolowera kukhala ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa oxygen, popanda kusintha kulikonse, idayambitsidwa ndi munthu m'malo ambiri osungirako ku Europe, Asia, ndi North America. Nkhani yokhudza kusintha kwachilengedwe yazinthu zachilengedwe pang'onopang'ono idayambika m'zaka 150-200 zokha ndipo izi zidapangitsa kutulutsa mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu akuti "carp" alibe maziko asayansi ndipo adapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi dzanja lowala la wolemba wotchuka wamabuku osodza ndi kusaka, Sergei Aksakov. Wolemba Ufa nthawi zambiri ankapita kudziko lakwawo, komwe amatenga nawo mbali masiku angapo kumidzi. Paulendo wina wopita kumzinda waukulu wa Kama, mtsinje wa Agidel (Mtsinje wa Belaya), adapezeka atagwira mitembo yakuthengo. Woyendetsa wa komweko, a Bashkirs, adawatcha carp, omwe potanthauzira kuchokera ku Turkic amatanthauza "nsomba za silt." Pambuyo pa zolemba za wolemba, mawu okopa adazika mizu pakati pa anthu, koma kuchokera pa lingaliro la ichthyology, mitembo yakuthengo ndi yanyumba ndi mtundu umodzi (Cyprinus carpio).

Fomu ya nyanjayi ndi yofalikira, yofunikira komanso yamalonda; ndiyoyimira woyamba mtundu wotchedwa carp. Kwa taxon, maina ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwalamulo - wamba, golide, scaly. Nthawi zambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mumakhala dzina lochokera ku chilankhulo cha Old Slavonic - korop.

Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake

Carp yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amatha kudziwika kunja, osiyana ndi ena:

• thupi lalitali, lalitali, lalitali
• miyeso yayikulu, yoyenera kwambiri ya cycloid yokhala ndi makote amdima (32-41 pamzere wotsatira),
• mbali zagolide kapena zachikasu,
• m'mimba kwambiri,
• kamwa yayikulu kwambiri, yotsika kwambiri yomwe imatha kukokera mu chubu,
• awiriawiri a tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhazikika pamlomo wapamwamba,
• maso atali ndi ana ang'ono ndi golide wobiriwira wagolide,
• kumdima wakuda ndi utali wautali wamtambo wa azitona (maapozi olimba a 3-4 ndi mitsitsi yofewa 17-22),
• kawiri mphuno.

Thupi la nsomba limakutidwa ndi ntchofu yambiri, yomwe imachepetsa kukangana kwa madzi, imathandizira kutulutsa magazi komanso kuteteza thupi ku matenda ndi majeremusi. Carp ili ndi kukula komanso zolemetsa. Milandu yolemba anthu ovomerezeka yoposa 55 kg okhala ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Koma mumphaka wamba, achichepere (azaka 2-7) wolemera 1-5 makilogalamu amatha kupambana. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kutalika kwa zaka 40-50, ndipo mitundu ina yokongoletsera imatha kuthana ndi malire a zaka zana kapena kupitilira.

Mjapani wazaka 70 ali ndi carp m'dziwe lanyumba, lomwe adatengera ndipo ndi wamkulu zaka 35 kuposa mwini wake. Munthu wokhala ku Land of the Rising Sun amasamalira nsomba ngati banja, ndipo akukana kugulitsa kwa yen miliyoni zingapo ($ 20,000).

Kugawa ndi malo

Carp imakhala ku Europe, Central and Western Asia, Far East ndi madera ena ambiri komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kumwera kwa kumwera.Ku Russia, korop ndizambiri mwambiri matupi amadzi am'nyanja akuda, Azov, Baltic, Caspian, Japan, ndi Okhotsk. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi poyimapo kapena nyanja zotsika, malo osefukira, maiwe, ngalande ndi zitsime zokhala ndi masamba ambiri ndi dothi lofewa, lamchenga kapena dothi lolimba. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa malo ndi mamitala 2 mpaka 10. Malo okhala ndi ofunikira nsomba, motero samanyalanyaza kufikira pansi, osakonda malo okhala ndi maenje, mitengo yayitali kapena yoyandama, snag, ndi ma tchire obowoka.

Kodi carp amadya chiyani?

Fish ndi benthophage wosasangalatsa komanso wopatsa chidwi. Pulogalamu yapakamwa yoyamwa imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kusefa mwachangu komanso moyenera. Mano owongoka a pharyngeal, milomo yokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana imasinthidwa bwino kuti igwire ndikukuta chakudya cholimba. Maziko a chakudya cha carp ndi:

• mphutsi, nyongolotsi, crustaceans,
• maulusi, tizilombo, ma tadpole,
• nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zina,
• mbewu monga chimanga, ndiwo zamasamba
• mphukira zamasamba, detritus, leeches.

Chithandizo chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi kusungunula nsomba zazinkhanira ndi barele. Nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe ma carp amapezeka, mumatha kumva kulira kwa zipolopolo zophwanyika, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa kwa osazindikira. Anthu akuluakulu amagwira mwachangu, koma samawasaka mwachindunji. Chifukwa cha khutu lakumva bwino komanso tinyanga touluka, akhwangwala amamva kutumphukira kwa magazi m'mitsempha kapena kuwaza kachilombo komwe kali pamadzi kuchokera kumtunda wa mita 10-20.

Carp nsomba - chithandizo cha mafumu achi China

Anthu okonda kuwedza akudziwa bwino za carp - ichi ndi chiphaso chosakira nyama. Amayamika okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi chifukwa cha zakudya komanso kukoma kwawo. Zidzakambidwanso.

Ngakhale zaka 2500 zapitazo ali ku China, komanso ku Japan, adaphunzira kuweta nsomba zomwe sizimapangidwa, osatanthauzira kuti kumasulira kwa dzinali kumatanthauza "zipatso". Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu akhala akusodza carp kuti asangalale ndi nsomba yokongola'yi.

Mawonekedwe amoyo

Ali aang'ono, nsomba zimamamatira kusukulu. Akamakula ndikukula pazakudya zofunika pakudya, amasamukira ku gulu laling'ono kapena lokha. Zochita zamtunduwu zamtunduwu zimachitika munyengo yotentha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Mtengo woyamba kupendekera koyambirira ukugwera mu June, pomwe nsomba zimasala chakudya chamasana ndikutulutsa chakudya chamadzulo. Ndikayamba kutentha kwa chilimwe komanso kutentha kwamadzi kwambiri, nthawi yosilira imasinthidwa kukhala usiku, koma kukugwa mvula, kumakhala kovuta masana amatha kufunafuna chakudya tsiku lonse.

Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, funde lachiwiri la zhor limayamba, lomwe limapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi imeneyi, carp ndiosasamala ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri kupeza chakudya. Khalidwe lonyansa nthawi zambiri limatha ndi kugwidwa kwake - ndiye chiyambi komanso pakati pa nthawi yophukira pomwe amphaka zazikulu amabweretsa kwa ogwira. Panyengo yachisanu, korop imagwiritsa ntchito maenje ausanu ndi nyengo yochepa. Popeza yasochera m'masukulu akulu ndi ma cyprinid ena, imakhala ndi makanema ojambula ndipo sikuti imadyetsa.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Carp mtsinje nsomba ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, wokhala m'madzi ndi m'madziwe. Mdzukulu wake ndiye carp. Koma mbadwa zidapitilira zoyambitsazo m'njira zambiri: mphamvu, kupirira, ndi chonde. Carp yamadzi oyera imatha kuonedwa ngati nsomba yokongola m'mamba akulu ndi zipsepse zam mchira wofiira.

Mtundu wa kumbuyo kwa kansalu wamba wamtambo ndimtambo wakuda, m'mimba ndichopepuka. Zipsepse ndi imvi. Ulimi wamasiku ano wa nsomba umakupatsani mwayi wosiyanitsa mitundu yaomwe amaimira komanso kuti mudzapeze zotsatira zowoneka bwino.

Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kosiyana maonekedwe: mitundu ya humpback imakhala yachibadwa m'matumbi amtundu, ofanana ndi crucian carp, wandiweyani komanso wamfupi. Matupi odala ndi ma cylindrical amadziwika ndi anthu okhala mumtsinje. Tizilombo tina tating'ono ta m'mphepete mwa milomo yachikasu, yochepa komanso yayikulu, tisiyanitse mitembo yonse.

Kukula kwa achibale onse ndi kosangalatsa: achinyamata azaka chimodzi ali ndi 20 cm, ndipo achikulire amatha kukula mpaka 1 m kapena ngakhale pang'ono. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa carp yayikulu inali yoposa 37 kg. Unali mbiri yapadziko lonse ku Romania mu 1997. Zinthu wamba zomwe zimapita kumadipatimenti ogulitsa zimalemera pafupifupi 1 mpaka 8 kg.

Wachikale wakale adaphunziranso kuswana kwa carp ndipo zinapangitsa kuti azitchuka ku Asia. Pang'onopang'ono, adagonjetsa Europe, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 19 adafika ku America. Chonde komanso mphamvu za nsomba zimathandizira kuti ifalikire.

Mitundu yayikulu ya mitembo imasiyana mumtundu wamakala ndi kupezeka kwa chophimba kwambiri. Zosankha zamakono za kubereka zathandizira kuti pakhale mitundu yoposa 80 yokongoletsera. Chifukwa chake, mu banja lalikulu titha kusiyanitsa:

— golide, yokhala ndi miyeso yayikulu komanso yobiriwira wachikasu. Thupi ndilokulirapo, lalitali, lili ndi msana wamtondo, lokhala ndi "mafayilo" osokonekera pamipayo,

M'chithunzicho carp

— galasi carp, kapena wachifumu. Ndiosavuta kuzindikira chifukwa ndi mamba osowa omwe amakhala pakatikati pa thupi ndipo nthawi zina omwazikana ndi zisumbu zina zonse. Pamzere wina pali mabowo okhala ndi maselo amitsempha, chifukwa chake nsomba zimaphunzira zambiri zakumaloko. Pali zingwe zochepa pamisempha kuposa abale, ndipo mtunduwu umatha kulemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ena,

Mu chithunzi, galasi carp

— carp wamaliseche (zachikopa), limachokera kuumbidwe. Ili ndi mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira,

Mu chithunzi, wamaliseche (wachikopa) carp

— koimitembo yokongoletsera. Adasudzulidwa ku 14th ku Japan ndipo adasiyana koyamba pofiyira, kaso ndi chikaso, pambuyo pake mitundu yamitundu yachilendo ndi yopanda pake idapezekanso: carp yoyera, yokutidwa, ndi mapepala kumbuyo ndi mitundu ina. Kusankha koi kumawunikidwa osati kokha ndi malo ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga owala, komanso ndi mtundu wa khungu, kapangidwe ka thupi, mutu, ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Mu chithunzi, chokongoletsera koi carp

Carp banja la nsomba amadziwika kuti ndi anthu osakhulupirika, omwe amatha kukhala m'malo okhala osadetsedwa. Amakonda madzi osayenda, opanda phokoso kapena oyenda pang'ono, chifukwa chake amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono, nyanja ndi maiwe. Kukula kwawonetsedwe kumatha kusintha chilengedwe.

Imakonda kutentha, koma khwatsi lowuma limagwidwa ngakhale m'malo ozizira a Siberia. Adalemba kuti adakakamizika kukhala m'madzi amchere mchere utasweka, ndikuletsa kulowa kunyanja.

Makamaka carp amakhala mkanjira wapakati komanso kumwera kwa Russia, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Australia, America. Malo omwe mumakonda nsomba m'malo osungirako ndi dongo lolimba pansi, yokutidwa ndi dongo laling'ono. Pansi pa madzi otsetsereka pansi, matanthwe ndi mabango ndi nyumba zokhazokha ndi maziko azakudya nthawi yomweyo m'dera la 300 m.

Pambuyo pa kukokoloka kwa madzi m'n kusefukira kwamadzi, mapiri a nthambi zobowola ndi mitengo yomwe. Malo oterowo amayenera kuyesedwa kuti azikhalamo. Amasungidwa makamaka pamtunda wa mamita 5. Magalasi ooneka ngati galasi, omwe samamira mwakuya, amagwira m'madzi osaya ndipo amafunikira madzi owuma, amakonda.

Kuswana

Pakukula kwa mazira, kutentha kokwanira kwambiri kwa + 18-20 ° C kumafunikira, motero kuwuluka kwa carp kumachitika mochedwa, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Meyi, koyambirira kwa Juni. Wamkazi wazaka zakubadwa wazaka 3-5 amapeza "njonda" zingapo, anzawo, ndikupita kumadzi osaya (40-60 cm), wokulika ndi masamba ofewa. Caviar amalembedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku 2-4. Chiwembu chonse cha akazi amodzi ndi mazira 0,2-1.0 miliyoni. Nthawi ya makulidwe a mwana wosabadwayo imatenga masiku 3-6. Mphutsi zakumasamba zimakhala masiku angapo pamalo osasunthika, kulandira zakudya zofunikira kuchokera ku yolk sac. Frying yemwe akumeza amayamba kudyetsa ndi zooplankton ndi crustaceans yaying'ono.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Carp nsomba - Uku ndikuwona kwa paketi. Anthu ochepa amakhala ambiri, ndipo ambiri amatha kukhala kwayekha, kwakanthawi komanso kokhala chete, koma pafupi ndi abale. Kungoyambira kuzizira kumawalimbikitsa kuti azigwirizana posaka malo abwino nthawi yachisanu. Amakonzekera kudikirira nthawi yozizira ali mtulo pakuya kwa mamita 10, m'maenje apansi.

Ngati palibe zakudya zabwino, ndiye kuti nsomba imalowa m'malo omwe ali ndi ziphuphu kwambiri. Khungu losanjikiza limawateteza. Kudzuka kumayambira ndikubwera kwa kasupe ndi kutentha pang'ono pang'ono kwa madzi. Nthawi yanthawi yoyamba ntchito ikuyamba kumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo.

Nsomba yanjala imayamba kusaka zakudya ndikusiya m'misasa yozizira, kukwera mpaka pamtunda wamamita 4-6. Nsomba za Carp zimakhazikika, osapanga maulendo ataliatali kapena kusuntha. Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanjazo zimasungidwa m'tchire ndi m'nzimba zina zazikulu, pomwe zazikulu zimakhazikika mozama ndipo zimasankhidwa m'malo othawirako okha.

Malo otseguka dzuwa sakhala kwa iwo, chilengedwe cha carp ndi nthawi yamadzulo ndi mthunzi. Samasunthira m'khola logawikana launyinji, koma m'malo mwake, akusakanikirana ndi anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, monga banja lenileni. Amachita mwamtendere, popanda kuchita chiwawa. Chowonetsera chochititsa chidwi cha kukhalapo kwa carp ndi mawonekedwe ake kulumpha pamadzi.

Asodzi nthawi zambiri amawonera izi m'mawa kapena madzulo. Kudumpha ndikokwera kwambiri, lakuthwa, sonorous ikagwa pamadzi. Mphamvu ya kuwuluka koteroko komanso mafunde omwe adagwa pakugwa ndizowonekera bwino kwambiri kotero kuti lingaliro lazomwe adaziwona limasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuyenda kwa gulu la nkhosa kudyetsa, ndipo kulumpha pafupipafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nyengo yoipa. Asodzi amawona kukhalapo kwa mphamvu, kusamala ndi luntha linalake mu nsomba zamkati. Kusodza anthu okhala m'madzi ngati amenewa kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa, pamafunika kupirira komanso luso.

Zachilengedwe zopatsa carp yamadzi oyera kukumbukira kwa nsomba pa fungo ndi mawonekedwe a chakudya. Mukasodza nsomba nyambo, ndikuiyimasula, ndiye kuti siyibwerera komweko, mukudziwa chifukwa chake ndiyowopsa.

Lingaliro labwino kwambiri la kununkhiza komanso mapuloteni opangidwa bwino limagwira ntchito kotero kuti mitembo imanunkhira kwa mamitala angapo, ndipo kutsimikiza kwa kukoma kumakupatsani mwayi kusefa chakudya, kukankha tinthu tosafunikira chakudya kudzera m'matomu. Amadziwika kuti ndi wopatsa chidwi, koma kuthekera kusankha kumamupangitsa kukhala wokonda kwambiri.

Chofunikira china cha carp ndikutha kuwona pa 360 ° ndikusiyanitsa mitundu. Amatha kuyenda mumdima, kufunafuna zoopsa pozungulira, chifukwa amawona chilichonse mchira wake. Ndi nsomba yosamala komanso yolimba kwambiri yamkati, momwe zimakhalira zimadziwa bwino, chifukwa sizophweka kuyerekezera nsomba zazikulu.

Kanema: Carp Fish

Mtundu wachiwiri umatsutsa koyamba, poganiza kuti ndi nthano chabe. Malinga ndi iye, nsomba zonga nyama yamtchire zakhala zikupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali m'mitsinje ndi munyanja, mosiyanasiyana. Carp yemwe amakhala m'madzi otumphukira anali ndi mtengo wokulirapo, wopindika, ndipo m'chiyimira china chinali chozungulira, chokwanira komanso chanenepa kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti inali nyanja yam'madzi yomwe inkakhala ndi anthu ku Europe, North America ndi Asia konse. Pasanathe zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, kusintha mitundu yochokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumeneku kunayambika, ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano komanso mitundu yonse ya ma hybrids.

Kutengera chiphunzitsochi, dzina loti "carp" silinapeze mbiri yasayansi, ndipo lidangopezeka m'zaka za zana la 19 mbuku la Sergei Aksakov lonena za usodzi. Chifukwa chake a Bashkirs amatchedwa carp yakuthengo, yomwe ku Turkic imatanthawuza "nsomba za silika", dzinali limafala pakati pa anthu, koma akatswiri a ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti mitembo yamtchire ndi yanyumba ndi amodzi amtundu womwewo.

Ma Carps amagawidwa osati mitsinje ndi nyanja (dziwe), komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mtundu ndi malo omwe masikelo ndi. Katundu waku scaly amaphimbidwa ndi mamba akulu. Chimango chimakhala ndi mamba pokhotera komanso pamimba. Makala a galasi lagalasi ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amapezeka m'malo (nthawi zambiri pamzere wa nsomba). Carp yopanda kanthu ilibe mamba konse, koma kukula kwake ndiko kwakukulu, kutsatiridwa ndi kukula kwa galasi, kenako - scaly.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Carp nsomba m'madzi

Carp yodziwika bwino imatha kuzindikira mosavuta magawo ambiri:

• thupi lalikulu, lokwera, pang'ono pang'ono,
• Milozo yayikulu ndikazinga kwamdima, m'mbali mwa nsomba, pali mamba 32 mpaka 41,
• mbali za nsomba ndi zagolide, zofiirira pang'ono, pamimba pake pali mawu okuluwika,
• carp - mwini wa pakamwa lalikulu lomwe limalowa mu chubu,
• mlomo wapamwamba umakongoletsedwa ndi tinyanga tina tating'ono, tambiri,
• Maso a nsomba amakwezeka, amakhala ndi ana ang'onoang'ono omwe atalidwa ndi nduwira yagolide.
• Chingwe cha nsomba champhamvu chimakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira wa maolivi wokhala ndi ma spiny ray, ma anal fin ndi yochepa komanso yofiyirira,
• mphuno za carp ndizowirikiza.

Mucus imaphimba thupi lonse la carp, kupewa kukangana, kuyang'anira kutentha kwa thupi, kuteteza ku mitundu yonse ya majeremusi. Carp ndi yayikulu kwambiri komanso yolemera kwambiri. Ndikudziwika bwino kuti ma eximens okhala ndi unyinji wopitilira theka la centner ndi kutalika kwa mita yoposa imodzi ndi theka adagwidwa. Makulidwe oterewa ndi osowa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mitembo yochokera ku kilogalamu imodzi mpaka isanu imabwerako, zaka zawo zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mwambiri, carp imatha kuwerengedwa pakati pa zolengedwa zazitali, chilengedwe chawerengera zaka zambiri mpaka zaka 50, ndipo mitundu ina yokongoletsa imatha kukhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka zana.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Mjapan wina wazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri ali ndi carp yomwe adalandira, yemwe ndi wamkulu zaka 35 kuposa mbuye wake. Mwiniwake amasamalira chiweto chake chokondedwa, osavomera kugulitsa ngakhale ndalama zowoneka bwino.

Kodi nyumbu imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Carp nsomba ku Russia

Mitundu yokhazikika ya carp ndi yochulukirapo; imapezeka ku Europe, Far East, Near and Central Asia, komanso ku North America bara. Carp ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake imapewa zigawo zakumpoto.

M'dziko lathu, adakonda kupita kumadzi oyera a m'mitsinje yapamadzi yotsatirayi:

• Baltic
• Chijapani
• Chakuda
• Caspian
• Azovsky
• Okhotsk.

Amakonda carp yamadzi, komwe kulibe konse, kapenanso yofooka kwambiri, amakonda kukhazikika m'madzi, mayiwe, madzi osefukira, zitsime ndi ngalande. Paradiso wa carp ndi dziwe momwe muli mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi pansi (mchenga, silika, dongo) pansi. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimakhala pansi pakuya mamita awiri kapena khumi. Malo okhala omwe amateteza carp ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa iye, motero, adzapewa malo otseguka pomwe pansi pali lathyathyathya kwathunthu. Carp imakonda maenje obisalira, nthiti zazitali, mabatani otchingidwa.

Mwambiri, carp sichikhala chonyentchera, chomwe chimakhalapo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chakudya, pakokha palokha nkovuta. Chifukwa chake, mwachiwonekere, munthu wokhala ndi madzi amchereyuyu wafalikira kwambiri kulikonse ndipo akumva bwino.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa chosasinthika kwa carp komanso kunyalanyaza kwake chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa malo osungirako, chisamaliro cha nsomba pokhapokha pakakhala chakudya, chimatchedwa nkhumba yamadzi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Carp imakonda moyo wophatikizana, chifukwa chake imagwirizana m'magulu, mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ingakhale yosakwatira, komanso imakhala pafupi ndi anthu amitundu ina. Ndi nyengo yozizira, ma Bolsheviks amalowa nawo gululi kuti zitheke kuzizira limodzi. Pakusala nyengo yozizira, mitembo imamizidwa mu maenje obisika omwe amakhala pansi, pomwe amagwera mtundu wamtulo. Ngati m'mabomba mulibe mabowo, ndiye kuti baleenyo amayang'ana mabowo kuti asadzalowe nthawi yachisanu, komwe amakhala, ndipo ntchofu zomwe zimaphimba zimathandizira kuti mitengoyi isazizire.

Carps ikudzuka ndi kuyamba kwa masika, madzi atayamba kufunda pang'onopang'ono, nsomba zimayamba kuwonetsa ntchito zake kumapeto kwa Marichi, mwezi wa Epulo. Zima nthawi yachisanu zimasiyidwa ndipo mitembo imathamangira kuya kuya (kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 6 mita) kuti ikapeze china chake. Carp ndi nsomba yokhazikika; siyimasambira kutali ndi malo ake okhazikika.Mitembo yaying'ono imasuntha m'makola, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'matangadza mabango, ndipo abale okonda kulemera amakonda kwambiri, akuyandama pamwamba kuti adye.

Carp imakonda malo osakhazikika, ndipo imapewa malo otseguka dzuwa. Asodzi samasambira lonse, koma amapanga chingwe, pomwe nsomba zamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana zilipo. Carps samasiyana mwamtopola, chifukwa chake amathanso kumadziwika kuti ndi amtendere komanso mwamtendere. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona kuti carp ikudumphira mmadzi mokwanira ndikubweranso mokweza.

Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mbandakucha kapena nthawi yamadzulo ndipo zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri. A Ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti gulu loterolo limapereka chizindikiro kuti liziwadyetsa, ndipo ngati kulumpha kuli kofupika, ndiye ichi ndichizindikiro kuti nyengo iyipa posachedwa. Carp ya asodzi aliyense ndiwofikiridwa bwino, okonda kusodza amati nsomba iyi ndiosamala, yolimba komanso yanzeru. Carp ili ndi fungo lakuthwa lomwe limakupatsani mwayi fungo la nyambo kapena nyama kuchokera kutali.

Chochititsa chidwi: Carp, pogwiritsa ntchito gill, jambulani zakudya zomwe sakonda, ndiye kuti ndiwokonda zenizeni.

Masomphenya a carp ndiabwino, amazindikira bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira, i.e. nsomba imatha kuwona madigiri 360, ngakhale mchira wakewo sungabisike. Mumdima, carp imayang'ana modabwitsa ndipo imatha kuyendayenda mozungulira, kuyang'anira chilengedwe. Umu ndi momwe savvy komanso carp yovuta, chifukwa chake, kugwira nsomba yayikulu siyovuta.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Carp River Fish

Carps amakhala okhwima pafupi ndi zaka zitatu kapena zisanu, amuna ndi akazi. Kuberekanso kwa carp sikungotengera zaka zake zokha, komanso kutentha kwa madzi ndi kukula kwa nsomba zomwe. Carp ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake imafalikira kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe madzi adatenthedwa kale kwambiri. Kuti ubala bwino, kutalika kwamphongo kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 30 cm, ndipo mkazi azikhala osachepera 37.

Carp amasankha malo oti azingowaza osaya (pafupifupi ma mita awiri), nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'mabango. Ndikosavuta kupeza malo oterowo, motero nsomba zimawabwezera kangapo.

Chosangalatsa: Carps samasiyana mu fidelity, chifukwa chake, wamkazi amakhala ndi njonda zingapo (mpaka zisanu), zomwe zimayamba kuphatikiza. Kuchuluka kwa carp kumawonekera kumayamba dzuwa (dzuwa litalowa) ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi maola 12.

Carps alidi odziwika. Mkazi m'modzi okhwima yekha amatha kutulutsa mazira miliyoni, omwe amawotchera m'magawo masiku angapo. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala ya masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, kenako mphutsi zimawoneka zomwe zimadya pazakudya za yolk kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Kenako, mwachangu akuyamba kusambira, idyani zooplankton ndi crustaceans yaying'ono, mukukula mwachangu. Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya zaka, carp amatha kale kulemera pafupifupi 500 magalamu. Carp ikukula ndikupanga liwiro mwachangu kwambiri.

Adani achilengedwe a mitembo

Chithunzi: nsomba zam'madzi zatsopano

Ngakhale carp ikula yayikulu mokwanira, iye ali ndi adani ndi mpikisano, choncho amakhala wosamala kwambiri. Inde, osatetezeka kwambiri sianthu akulu omwe agona pansi, koma mwachangu ndi mazira. Achule obiriwira amawopseza kwambiri, omwe amakonda kudya mazira ndi mwachangu. Chule imodzi yokha masana imatha kuyamwa mpaka mazira zana limodzi. Kuphatikiza pa achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, mphutsi, nsomba zina ndi anthu ambiri okhala mu pansi pamadzi sangathenso kudzipereka. Nthawi zambiri zimakhomeredwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe zimawuma, kapena mbalame zimangodya, nyama zina zimadya.

Musaiwale kuti mitembo siili yachilendo chifukwa cha izi, chifukwa chake, wachibale wachikulire wopanda chisoni sangadye m'bale wake wocheperako. M'malo osungira momwe nyama zodya nyama zimadyera, carp itha kukhala yosakhwasula kwa pike lalikulu kapena catfish. Aulengi amakonda kudyetsa pansi, motero amatha kugwidwa ndi nyama zina zomwe sizilephera kulawa nsomba. Pazotengera zing'onozing'ono, mbalame (zazing'onozing'ono, terns) kusaka nsomba zimatha kukhala zowopsa;

Zachidziwikire, munthu sangathe kulephera kutchula munthu yemwe angapatsidwenso pakati pa adani a carp. Nsomba zamtunduwu ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa asodzi amateur omwe adaphunzira mosamala za zomwe amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda. Kupeza fanizo lolemetsa si ntchito yophweka, koma chidwi chosaneneka cha wolumala nthawi zambiri chimasewera motsutsana naye. Titha kudziwika ndi chidaliro kuti zikadakhala kuti sizamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimamwa caviar ndi mwachangu wa carp, nsomba izi zitha kudzaza mitsinje yambiri ndi matupi ena amadzi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Big Carp

Kuchulukana kwa carp ndikwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kuli ochulukirapo, nsomba izi zimachita mokwanira mpaka dzina lake, popeza zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake apamwamba kwambiri. Carp ndi yolimba kwambiri, yosasamala chilengedwe, pafupifupi yopatsa mphamvu, kotero imayamba mizu m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira. Tsopano pali minda yambiri ya asodzi yomwe imaswana mitembo mwangozi, chifukwa ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa Mitundu yodabwitsa ya nsomba, ndikulemera kwambiri mwachangu.

Titha kudziwika ndi chidaliro kuti nsomba iyi sikhala ndi vuto lililonse ku kukhalapo kwayo, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu, carp imaberekanso pamtunda waukulu, chifukwa chake siyiyambitsa nkhawa pakati pa asayansi, siyotetezedwa kwina kulikonse. Ndikwabwino kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawongolera kuchuluka kwake (mazira ndi mwachangu amadyedwa ndi nyama zamtundu uliwonse, nsomba, mbalame ndi tizilombo), apo ayi akadakhala kuti adakwanitsa kutunga matupi amadzi ambiri ndikuyigwiritsa mwachangu.

Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa carp sikumadumphira m'munsi, nsomba iyi ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa gourmet, anthu ambiri amakonda nyama ya carp, kotero mbale zochuluka mosiyanasiyana zimatha kukonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo. Kulera nsomba izi kuti zikugulitsenso ndizopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa imakula mwachangu komanso mwachangu.

Mapeto, ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi nsomba za carp sikhala ndi zokongola zake zokha, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, okongola, agolide, omwe amaphatikizika ndi tinyanga yaying'ono. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti nsomba yayikulu kwambiriyo ili ndi mawonekedwe odekha komanso amtendere, aofatsa. Kuwona ma pirouette omwe akuwombedwa ndi kudumphadumpha kuchokera m'madzi ndichosangalatsa chosaiwalika. Ndipo ngati wina wakwanitsa kuwona izi, ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi.

Carp nsomba. Moyo, malo komanso momwe mungaphikire carp

Carp ndi imodzi mwazinsinsi zomwe asodzi odziwa kusambira amachita. Kusodza kwa Carp ndi mwambo wapadera womwe amakhala okonzekera bwino. Munkhaniyi ndilankhula za mawonekedwe a nsomba, njira za usodzi ndi maphikidwe ophikira.

Carp ndi wa banja la cyprinids, gulu la nsomba zowala. Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe ili ndi thupi lalikulu komanso lozungulira. Mutu umakhala wolingana, wamkulu ndi maso opindika. Pakamwa lamphamvu limakhala pansi pamutu, nsagwada yapamwamba imakhala ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamva bwino kwambiri. Mphuno zimakhala pawiri, ndipo zimakhala pamwamba.

Masikelo ndi akulu, osalala, omangika pakhungu. M'mphepete mwa sikelo muli ndi kusintha kwakuda. Mitundu ina ya carp chifukwa cha masankho anasankha kapena anasintha kukhala khungu (labala kapena lonyowa). Mitundu ya m'mambayi imadalira nsomba zamitundu mitundu ndi malo omwe amakhala.

Thupi la mtembo lophimbidwa ndi ntchofu wambiri.

Imagwira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi:

• Amayenda bwino
• amawongolera kutentha,
• amateteza nsomba ku matenda ndi majeremusi.

Chifukwa cha ntchofu, carp siivuta kwambiri kugwira ndi manja. Ngakhale pambuyo poti amwalira, mamba awo amakhalabe obisalira kwakanthawi.

Mitembo ndiyomwe yabala nthawi yayitali. Amakhala modekha mpaka zaka 45-50, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafikira zazikulu.

Mitundu ya Carp

Pali lingaliro lolakwika kuti nsomba za carp ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi nyama womwe kholo lawolo ndi nyama.

Chikhulupiriro ichi ndicholakwika. M'malo mwake, mitembo yakhala ikupezeka m'matupi a madzi oyera. Mitundu ya carp yomwe imakhala m'madzi oyenda inali ndi thupi loonda, lalitali. Mitundu ya Lacustrine yomwe imakhala m'matupi opanda madzi okhala ndi phula lokwanira pang'onopang'ono, inayamba kulemera ndikukula. Ndiwo mtundu uwu womwe udayamba kupasidwa m'madziwe achi China, pomwe udafalikira ku Europe konse. Pakadali pano, nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'madzi zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mitembo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya carp:

1. Carp wamba. Mitundu ndiyofala kwambiri. Amadziwikanso kuti scaly, golide carp, etc. Thupi ndi lalikulu, lozungulira, lokwiriridwa ndi mamba. Mtundu uli pafupi kwambiri ndi golide kapena bulawuni, toyesa zamtundu wakuda zimapezeka. Ndiwo mitundu iyi yomwe ndi maziko olimidwa munthawi zakale.
2. Zopanda pake. Mitundu yoswana yokha, yowetedwa ku Germany m'zaka zana zapitazo. Chimodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Makala saphimba thupi lonse, koma gawo lakumwamba kapena lomwe lili pakatikati pa mzere wa thupi. Masikelo ndi akulu kwambiri, amtundu wofanana, magalasi ang'ono (ndiye komwe dzinalo linachokera).
3. Nakonso (wachikopa) carp. Dzinalo limadzilankhulira lokha. Panyama yamtunduwu wa carp palibenso muyeso uliwonse. Mtunduwu siwofala ngati ena, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chake chotenga matenda ndi majeremusi.
4. Nyama yamtchire. Mtunduwu umapezeka wokha mwachilengedwe. Chimakhala m'matupi amadzi ndi madzi okha, chifukwa sichitha kukhala ndi njala. Thupi la nyama yamtchire ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yokutidwa ndi ntchofu. Kapangidwe ka muzzle kamakhala ndizofanana ndi carp wamba.
5. Koi Carp (Japan Carp). Anthu achijapani ndi otchuka chifukwa chokonda kusodza nsomba zokongoletsera. Chifukwa cha kusankha, adatha kupeza mitundu yokhazikika yamitembo yachilendo. Awa ndi nsomba zamawonekedwe oyera ndi oyera. Zizindikiro zaku Morphological ndizofanana ndi zakutchire kapena carp.

Palinso mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya banja la carp: Siamese carp, carp, crucian carp. Zonsezi ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa.

Kukula kwa Carp

Kukula kwa carp kumadalira kwambiri mitundu. Zinyama zamtchire sizimakula kwambiri. Kulemera kwa anthu ndi ma kilogalamu 3-4, koma kuwedza pa carp sikungachitike, kunalinso zitsanzo zina zolemera mpaka 10 kg.

Mitundu ya Nyanja ndiyokulirapo. Avereji yolemera 3-7 kg. Koma pali milandu yokhudza kubedwa kwa nyanja yodziwika bwino yoposa 55 kg. Carp yodziwika bwino imakhala yayikulupo pang'ono kuposa kalilore. Mitundu yaku Japan sikukula kukula kwakukulu. Kulemera kwapakati pa 1-2 kg.

Carp Habitats

Carp imagawidwa kwambiri ku Europe yonse. Pomwe nyama zamtchire zimangokhala madzi okha, chifukwa zimafunikira mpweya wabwino.

Mitundu yam'nyanja imamva bwino m'madzi osasunthika. Itha kukhala maiwe, nyanja, malo okumba. Mitundu ya Lacustrine ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake, sichipezeka kumpoto.

Zilazi ndi mitundu wamba imatha kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi uve. Izi sizikhudza thanzi lawo.

M'nyengo yotentha, ma carps amakonda kukhala malo otenthetsedwa bwino osafikira 5 m. Pansi amasankhidwa osalala kapena dongo.

Khalidwe la Carp

Carp ali ndi moyo wosangalatsa. Zinyama zazing'ono zimagonjetsedwa pagulu lalikulu, ndipo achikulire amakhala kwayekha, komabe amayang'anira abale awo. Kukula kwachinyamata kumasambira m'madzi osaya, m'nkhalangozi. Mitembo yayikulu imakhala mozama, imangofika pamwamba pongofuna chakudya.

Carps ndi okhala m'madzi amizere yamadzi, osasunthidwa. Malo awo okhala ndi mthunzi ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Solar clear glades popanda algae sichikhala cha iwo.

Carp amadyetsedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nthawi zina kukafunafuna chakudya kumatha kudumphira m'madzi. Amachita mosavutikira, ndikusiya ma splashes ambiri ndi mabwalo akulu pamadzi.

Ma carps sakhala aukali. Samagawana gawo, chakudya kapena chachikazi. Chofunikira kwambiri pa nsomba iyi ndikutha kuwona chilichonse mozungulira ndikuzindikira mitundu.

M'nyengo yozizira, mitembo ndiyopangidwa mwamagetsi. Amapita mwakuya, atakutidwa ndi ntchofu wakuda ndikugona. Kudzuka kumachitika mchaka chimodzi chokha, kutentha kwa madzi kukafika 8-10 ° C.

Carp moyo

Mkazi atayika mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amamulowetsa iye, mayendedwe a carp amayamba. Pafupifupi sabata limodzi, mphutsi zazing'ono zimaswa kuchokera ku mazira (osaposa 5 mm). Masiku 10 oyambirira amadya chikwama chachikasu, chomwe chili ndi zonse zofunikira m'thupi. Gulu la yolk litasowa, mwachangu amayamba kudya okha.

Achinyamata amakhala makamaka munthaka za udzu ndi algae. Carp imakula msanga, mchaka imakula kufika 20cm ndikulemera 500g. Pazaka ziwiri za moyo, carp kale wolemera kuposa kilogalamu. Pazaka zitatu, amuna amakhala okhwima, ndipo akazi ndi asanu. Nthawi yofalikira imayamba.

Moyo wa Carp ndi pafupifupi zaka 3-8. Kumalo akutali komwe kulibe asodzi, mitembo imatha kukhala zaka 30 kapena kuposerapo.

Njira zogwira carp

Njira zogwira carp si ntchito yovuta, makamaka ngati nsomba ili yayikulu. Lamulo lalikulu ndikuti kulimbana kumayenera kukhala kolimba komanso kudalirika kuti kupewe kugwedezeka kwa nsomba zazikulu.

Posachedwa, kuwedza kwa carp pa feeder kwakhala kotchuka kwambiri. Chipangizocho ndichosavuta:

• ndodo yolimba (250-300cm),
• Kulipiritsa Reel
• wodyetsa kwambiri. Amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• kulumikizana ndi ngowe. Zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi "rocker",
• kuluma beacon.

Ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze nyambo mu feeder (nthawi zambiri imakhala phala kapena zina zomera). Pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya usodzi, wodyetserayo, limodzi ndi mbedza, amaponyedwa mu dziwe. Chizindikiro choluma chimayikidwa pa ndodo yosodza. Chilichonse, mutha kumasuka ndikuyembekezera chizindikiro. Odyetsa amadya amabwera mosiyanasiyana. Chopepuka, patsogolo mutha kuponyera pansi.

Donka-zakidushka mwina ndi njira yakale kwambiri komanso yotsimikizika kwambiri yogwira carp. Chida chosavuta kwambiri ndi motere:

• reel,
• chingwe chachikulu chokhala ndi nsomba (kutalika kwake kumatengera posungira, koma ndibwino kutenga ndi malire),
• kubowola pang'ono ndi mbedza,
• lakuya kwambiri (limalola kulowetsa malo amodzi)
• kuluma beacon.

Njira yosodza ndiyosavuta. Chingwe chophera ndi chomira ndi mbedza chimaponyedwa pamalo okopedwa. Pa mzere waukulu muyenera kulumikiza chida choluma. Magiya oterowo amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ndodo yokhala ndi tepi muyeso.

Ndodo yophera nsomba imakhalanso yotchuka posodza nyama ya carp.

Kwa iye, mufunika zida zotere:

• ndodo yolimba ya usodzi (5-6 m). Ndibwino kuti tisasunge ndalamazi, chifukwa mukamapatsa chiyembekezo chachikulu, vuto lochepa lingaswe,
• kusamvana
• tiwolokere,
• dulani ma pellets kuti muthe kutulutsa koyenera,
• mbedza
• mzere usodzi. Yaikulu iyenera kukhala yopanda, pa leashes - yopyapyala.

Timabzala nyambo, kuponyera malondawo m'malo mokopeka ndikudikirira kuluma.

Izi zinali njira zitatu zodziwika kwambiri zogwirira carp. Kutengera ndi dera, zida zingakhale ndi mawonekedwe.

Carp Bait

Carp nyambo amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Zomera. Izi zimaphatikizapo chimanga ndi nandolo, nthawi zina mutha kugwiritsa ntchito balere wamkulu wa ngale. Mtanda wokazinga ndi mkate zatsimikizika bwino.
2. Zoyambira nyama. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya nyongolotsi, nyongolotsi zamagazi, mbozi, zidutswa za nyama. Monga lamulo, nyambo zotere zimagwira ntchito mkati mwa chilimwe.
3. Zoyambira. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya ntchentche, mormyshki, etc. Tsopano nthawi zambiri mutha kupeza nyambo zotere m'masitolo.

Malonda ambiri a carp amapanga nyambo zawo.

Carp nyambo

Nyambo yoyenera ya carp ndi theka la kupambana. Malowa akuyenera kukhala okwanira, osafunikira kusunga pa izi.

Msodzi aliyense amakhala ndi maphikidwe ake. Ndilankhula zazosavuta komanso zothandiza kwambiri.

Chimanga + ngale barele + keke + kukoma. Carp kwenikweni ngati fungo la acidified mbewu kapena nyemba. Chifukwa chake, timaphika motere: zilowerere chimanga ndi barele m'madzi kwa maola 12. Kenako timathira madzi, kuwonjezera mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta amkaka, kusakaniza. Nyambo zonse zakonzeka. Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta, koma chosagwiranso ntchito.

Nandolo + chimanga + kulawa. Nandolo zimafunika kuzinyowa kwa tsiku limodzi, pomwe madzi amafunika kuti asinthidwe. Nandolo zikakhala zokonzeka, ziyenera kusakanikirana ndi chimanga ndikuwonjezera kununkhira.

Kulawa kwa Carp kumafunikanso kusankhidwa moyenera. Makamaka okongola ndi: adyo, uchi, caramel, vanila.

Carp mbale

Mutha kuphika zakudya zingapo kuchokera kumoto:

• carp yophika - mutha kuphika mu zojambulazo, pa grill, ndi masamba, ndi masosi osiyanasiyana. Carp nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino. Si zamanyazi kuyika chakudya patebulo la chikondwerero,
• khutu - kuchokera ku carp mutha kuphika khutu lolemera kukhitchini kapena m'munda,
• cutlets - makeke a nsomba ochokera kumtsinje wam'madzi - chakudya chabwino komanso chopatsa thanzi,
• Carp yokazinga - carp yokazinga mu poto sangasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi. Thirani nyama yokhala ndi zonunkhira ikungosungunuka pakamwa panu.

Kuphika kuchokera ku carp ndikosavuta, ngakhale hostess wa novice amatha kuthana nayo.

Carp zopatsa mphamvu

Carp ndi nsomba ya mumtsinje, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe ake a calorie sakhala okwera. Ma calories a carp ndi 112 kcal / 100g yokha. Izi zimagwira ku nsomba yophika kapena yonyowa. Yokazinga carp ndi kalori yambiri.

Mulimonsemo, carp ndi yoyenera pachakudya chabwino kapena chopatsa thanzi. Anthu omwe agwidwa kuthengo ndi athanzi labwino kuposa ma dimbidwe ochita kupanga.

Momwe mungaphikire carp

Carp ndi nsomba yokoma yokhala ndi zinthu zina. Nutritionists akulangizidwa kuti azidya nyama nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zochepa zama calorie ndi mavitamini. Mwa nsomba zina mtengo wa carp kupezeka kwa ogula.

Achichepere odziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kuphika mbale kuchokera ku nsomba zomwe zagulidwa kale. Carp imakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, komwe panthawi yosungirako kumatha kukulira ndikukhala kosasangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri, yokonzanso carp:

- kuphika mu uvuni. Pachifukwa ichi, mtembowo umathiridwa mchere ndikuthira zonunkhira. Kenako ikani kuzizira kuti kuzunthe. Pambuyo pa ola limodzi, kufalitsa pa foil, kudula nyama kumbuyo ndikuyika magawo a mandimu. Mkati mwa mtembowo, malowo ndi odzaza ndi anyezi osankhidwa. Thirani kirimu wowawasa ndikuyika papepala lophika mu uvuni. Pambuyo pa theka la ola, nsombayo yatopa.

- yokazinga mu poto. Tizidutswa tating'ono timalowedwa mkaka wamchere kwa mphindi 10. Kenako tuluka, pakani zonunkhira ndi yokulungira ufa. Nsomba zimaphikidwa mu mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndi kuphatikiza batala kuti zitheke kutumphuka. Aliyense amene amadziwa kuphika nsomba za carp nthawi zonse amasangalatsa alendo omwe ali ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi.